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Luchtvaartindustrie in Rusland

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Luchtvaartindustrie in Rusland LUCHTVAARTINDUSTRIE IN RUSLAND FLANDERS INVESTMENT & TRADE MARKTSTUDIE Luchtvaartindustrie in Rusland Juni 2017 André De Rijck, Flemish Economic Representative Flanders Investment & Trade - Moscow Economic Representation of Flanders c/o Embassy of Belgium Mytnaya st. 1, bld.1, entrance 2, 119049 Moscow, RUSSIA T: +7 499 238 60 85/96 | F: +7 499 238 51 15 [email protected] INHOUD I. Rusland – geografisch .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 II. Luchttransport ................................................................................................................................................................................4 1. Algemeen ..........................................................................................................................................................................................4 2. De structuur van de Russische luchtvaartindustrie ........................................................................................... 5 A. OAK (United Aircraft Corporation) ..................................................................................................................... 5 B. OBORONPROM ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 3. Nood aan verandering ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 4. De politiek van importsubstitutie ................................................................................................................................. 10 5. Events in de luchtvaartsector van Rusland in 2016-2017 ................................................................................ 11 A. UAC .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 B. Superjet 100 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 11 C. MS-21 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 D. Ilyushin ................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 E. Fregat Ekojet .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 F. Beriev ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 G. AN (Antonov) .................................................................................................................................................................... 14 H. YAK (Yakovlev) .................................................................................................................................................................. 14 I. Helikopters ......................................................................................................................................................................... 14 6. Ontwikkelingsstrategie voor de luchtvaartindustrie van Rusland tot 2030 .................................... 15 A. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15 B. Algemene bepalingen ................................................................................................................................................. 15 C. Het belang van de luchtvaartindustrie van Rusland en haar concurrentiepositie ......... 17 D. Het strategisch doel van de luchtvaartindustrie van Rusland ...................................................... 19 E. Belangrijkste uitdagingen voor de ontwikkeling van de luchtvaartindustrie van de Russische Federatie en de Strategie voor de verwezenlijking van de doelstellingen .... 19 F. Verwachte resultaten en risico’s van de Strategie ................................................................................ 24 G. Organisatorische en financiële ondersteuning van de Strategie ................................................ 25 III. Bijkomende info ...................................................................................................................................................................... 26 1. Tijdschriften ............................................................................................................................................................................... 26 2. Tentoonstellingen en Conferenties ............................................................................................................................. 28 3. Websites ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 2 I. Rusland – geografisch Met een oppervlakte van 17.075.200 km² is de Russische Federatie ongeveer 565 keer zo groot als België en daarmee het grootste land ter wereld. Rusland grenst in het noordwesten en het westen aan Noorwegen, Finland, Estland en Letland. De enclave Kaliningrad ligt ingesloten tussen EU- lidstaten Litouwen en Polen. In het zuidwesten grenst Rusland aan Wit-Rusland en Oekraïne, in het zuiden aan Georgië, Azerbeidzjan en Kazachstan. In het Verre Oosten ten slotte grenst Rusland aan Mongolië, China en Noord-Korea. De kust strekt zich uit langs de Stille Oceaan en de Beringzee. In het noorden vormt de Noordelijke IJszee een natuurlijke grens. De Russische Federatie wordt door het Oeralgebergte verdeeld in een Europees en een Aziatisch deel. Ten westen van de Oeral bevinden zich brede vlaktes, in Siberië zijn er vlakke naaldwouden en toendra, terwijl in de gebieden aan de zuidelijke grenzen hoogvlakten en gebergten terug te vinden zijn. De grote geografische regio’s zijn, van west naar oost: de Russische vlakte, de Oeral, de West-Siberische vlakte, het Centraal-Siberische plateau en het Verre Oosten. De Russische vlakte bestaat uit golvende hooglanden en brede rivierbekkens. In het zuiden vormt het Kaukasusgebergte de brug tussen de Zwarte en de Kaspische Zee en ten oosten van de Russische vlakte ligt het Oeralgebergte. De hoogste piek van de Oeral bevindt zich op 1895 m. Ten oosten van de Oeral bevindt zich het grootste laagland ter wereld, de West-Siberische vlakte. Het Centraal-Siberische plateau is tussen de 300 en 700 m hoog en wordt in het zuiden begrensd door een gebergte aan het Baikalmeer. Bijna de helft van het land bestaat uit wouden. Het bevolkingsaantal wordt op zo’n 142,5 miljoen geschat (bron: CIA - The World Factbook). Daarnaast zouden er naar schatting nog meer dan 1 miljoen illegale immigranten in Rusland verblijven, waarvan de helft afkomstig is uit China en de rest uit de GOS-republieken. De Russische Federatie telt meer dan 120 nationaliteiten en etnische groepen. Tachtig procent van de bevolking bestaat uit etnische Russen. De grootste minderheidsgroepen zijn Tataren (3,8%), Oekraïners (2%), Basjkieren (1,2%) en Tsjoevasjen (1,1%). De grootste steden naar inwonersaantal zijn: 3 Stad Officiële cijfers (2016) Moskou 12 330 126 Sint-Petersburg 5 225 690 Novosibirsk 1 584 138 Jekaterinburg 1 477 439 Nizhny Novgorod 1 271 871 Kazan 1 216 965 Cheljabinsk 1 191 994 Omsk 1 178 079 Samara 1 170 910 Rostov-Na-Donu 1 119 875 Ufa 1 110 976 Krasnojarsk 1 066 934 Perm 1 041 876 Voronezh 1 032 382 Volgograd 1 018 137 Rusland is bijzonder uitgestrekt en het klimaat varieert dan ook sterk al naargelang de regio. De centrale regio’s hebben een continentaal klimaat met grote temperatuurverschillen tussen zomer en winter. In de winter kan het er stevig sneeuwen. In Moskou varieert de gemiddelde temperatuur tussen 19° C in juli en -9° C in januari. Het poolklimaat in het noorden van Siberië zorgt voor bijzonder koude, lange winters en hete, korte zomers. In Irkoetsk varieert de gemiddelde temperatuur van 17,9° C in juli tot -20,8° C in januari. In het uiterste noorden van Siberië kan de temperatuur dalen tot gemiddeld -46,8° C in januari. In het zuiden van Rusland is dan weer een subtropisch klimaat te vinden. II. Luchttransport 1. Algemeen Het probleem van het regionale passagiersvervoer is in een enorm land als Rusland zeer groot. De luchtverbindingen tussen de regio’s zijn schaars en onvoldoende ontwikkeld. Toch is de economische ontwikkeling van de regio’s sterk afhankelijk van hun bereikbaarheid, hun transportinfrastructuur en hun wederzijdse relaties met andere regio’s. In een groot land als Rusland is de bevordering van de mobiliteit, het handelsverkeer en het interne toerisme onmogelijk zonder een ontwikkeld luchtvaartsysteem. De aviatie in Rusland is, hoe dan ook, sterk verouderd en momenteel niet in staat om aan dit probleem, ten volle, te verhelpen. De keuze dringt zich op: de vliegtuigen voor lange en middellange afstand uit het buitenland importeren of ze zelf produceren.
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