DOCSLIB.ORG

Chondrichthyes: Neoselachii) in the Jurassic of Normandy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chondrichthyes: Neoselachii) in the Jurassic of Normandy FIRST MENTION OF THE FAMILY PSEUDONOTIDANIDAE (CHONDRICHTHYES: NEOSELACHII) IN THE JURASSIC OF NORMANDY by Gilles CUNY (1) and Jérôme TABOUELLE (2) ABSTRACT The discovery of a tooth of cf. Pseudonotidanus sp. is reported from the Bathonian of Normandy. Its morphology supports the transfer of the species terencei from the genus Welcommia to the genus Pseudonotidanus. It also supports the idea that Pseudonotidanidae might be basal Hexanchiformes rather than Synechodontiformes. KEYWORDS Normandy, Arromanches, Jurassic, Bathonian, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Synechodontiformes, Hexanchiformes, Pseudonotidanidae. RÉSUMÉ La découverte d’une dent de cf. Pseudonotidanus sp. est signalée dans le Bathonien de Normandie. Sa morphologie soutient le transfert de l’espèce terencei du genre Welcommia au genre Pseudonotidanus . Elle soutient également l’idée que les Pseudonotidanidae pourraient appartenir aux Hexanchiformes basaux plutôt qu’aux Synechodontiformes. MOTS-CLEFS Normandie, Arromanches, Jurassique, Bathonien, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Synechodontiformes, Hexanchiformes, Pseudonotidanidae. References of this article: CUNY G. and TABOUELLE J. (2014) – First mention of the family Pseudonotidanidae (Chondrichthyes: Neoselachii) in the Jurassic of Normandy. Bulletin Sciences et Géologie Normandes , tome 7, p. 21-28. 1 – INTRODUCTION In 2004, Underwood and Ward erected the new family Pseudonotidanidae for sharks showing teeth with a hexanchid-like crown (compressed labio-lingually with several cusps) and a Palaeospinacid-like root (lingually expanded and flat based), hence offering an opportunity to better understand the phylogenetic relationships between the Hexanchiformes and the Synechodontiformes, which might be closely related (Duffin & Ward, 1993; Underwood, 2006). ____________________ (1) Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Bâtiment Géode 2, rue Raphaël Dubois 69622 VILLEURBANNE CEDEX, France Email : [email protected] (2) Museum Elbeuf – La Fabrique des Savoirs 7, cours Gambetta 76500 ELBEUF, France Email : [email protected] - 21 - Gilles CUNY and Jérôme TABOUELLE Pseudonotidanidae were first included into Synechodontiformes (Underwood & Ward, 2004), an idea accepted by Klug & Kriwet (2008, 2010), Klug et al . (2009), Klug (2010) and Kriwet & Klug (2011), but this family may as well belongs to the Hexanchiformes according to other authors (Underwood, 2006; Cappetta, 2012; Maisey, 2012). Based on enameloid microstructure, Guinot & Cappetta (2011) also considered Welcommia to be a Hexanchiformes. So far, the family Pseudonotidanidae is represented by two genera, encompassing three and two species respectively ( Pseudonotidanus politus, P. semirugosus, P. terencei, Welcommia bodeuri, W. cappettai). Cappetta (2012) considers indeed that the species terencei is better attributed to the genus Pseudonotidanus than to Welcommia. The genus Pseudonotidanus has been reported from the Toarcian of Germany and Belgium, the Bathonian and Callovian of England and the Oxfordian of France, whereas the genus Welcommia is known from the Oxfordian of Germany and Valanginian of Southern France (Underwood & Ward, 2004; Klug and Kriwet, 2010; Cappetta, 2012). We add here a report of this family in the Bathonian of Normandy. 2 – GEOLOGICAL SETTING The specimen, housed in the collection of Elbeuf Museum with the number 2013.5.1 ME, was surface collected on the intertidal zone at Arromanches (Fig. 1), at the top of the lower member of the Port-en-Bessin Marls Formation ( Tenuiplicatus zone, Lower Bathonian, Arromanches 2 surface). To the East of Port-en-Bessin, the rocky intertidal zone is made of the last beds of the Porifera Limestone (Calcaire à spongiaires). In the background, the cliff is made of three parts. The basal part is a vertical cliff made of a series of greyish marlstone, the Port-en-Bessin Marls (Marnes de Port-en-Bessin). The middle part is a gently sloping scree measuring 25 m and showing sediment slides with some marls outcropping. This slope is covered by vegetation. Near the top, the cliff becomes stiff again and is made of a series of marls and limestones, the limestone beds becoming thicker to make the massive yellowish limestone, called Saint-Pierre-du-Mont Limestone (Calcaire de Saint-Pierre-du-Mont). The stratigraphic log of the cliff (log of the « Tour Vauban ») is thus as follows: 1. Saint-Pierre-du-Mont Limestone (12 m): Middle Bathonian. 2. Port-en-Bessin Marls (35-40 m): Lower to Middle Bathonian. 3. Porifera Limestones (outcropping thickness: 2 m): Upper Bajocian. Fig. 1: Geographical location of Arromanches (red star) (France, Calvados) (Dugué et al ., 1998). - 22 - FIRST MENTION OF THE FAMILY PSEUDONOTIDANIDAE Only the upper part of the Porifera Limestone and the lower part of Port-en-Bessin Marls are easily accessible. A detailed log of the Bajocian/Bathonian transition has been published by Rioult & Fily (1975, 1980) and Rioult et al . (1991) (Fig. 2). Fig. 2: Log and sequence stratigraphy of the eastern cliff at Port-en-Bessin (Lower and Middle Bathonian). The red arrow marks the Arromanches 2 surface, where 2013.5.1 ME was found. From Rioult et al. (1991). The top of the Porifera Limestone is made of a white limestone with lumps of clay and pyrite, the latter often hydrated into limonite. It is bioturbated and ends with an erosion surface, the Port-en- Bessin 1 surface. This surface is overlain by three thin beds of hard, argillaceous limestone, called beds a, b and c of the transition zone (Guillaume, 1927), which makes the transition between the Bajocian Porifera limestone and the Bathonian Port-en-Bessin Marls. Each of these beds corresponds to one of the three sub-zones of the Zigzag zone (Lower Bathonian). The Port-en-Bessin Marls ( Tenuiplicatus and Progracilis zones, Lower Bathonian to lowermost Middle Bathonian) are made of a series of grey marls and argillaceous limestones that outcrop in many places around the Bessin area, but more particularly in the coastal cliffs between Grandcamp and Arromanches (Fig. 3). Three units are distinguished in the Port-en-Bessin Marls (Rioult & Fily, 1975 ; Fily et al. , 1989), but only the lower one (10 to 12 m, Tenuiplicatus zone, Lower Bathonian) is accessible in the cliffs. It is made of a series of decimetric marly beds grading into argillaceous limestone. The latter appears often discontinuous, without a clear upper boundary. Their thickness and coarseness raise regularly through two parasequences, reflecting the progradation of a shelf prism. The upper boundary of this unit is marked by two beds of limestone (0.5 m thick at Port-en-Bessin, 1 m thick at Arromanches) with more bioturbations, often overhanging in the cliffs. These two beds are interpreted as a thin transgressive interval. This lithology marker holds at its base the transgressive surface Arromanches 1 and at its top the Arromanches 2 surface, a sedimentary discontinuity characterized by mineralogical changes, where smectite replaces kaolinite, as well as by faunistic changes, with the disappearance of the endofauna and explosion of plankton. It marks the maximum flooding surface (MFS) and the boundary between the Lower and Middle Bathonian. - 23 - Gilles CUNY and Jérôme TABOUELLE Fig. 3: The cliff at Arromanches, displaying the Lower and Middle Bathonian Port-en-Bessin Marls with the Arromanches 1 and Arromanches 2 surfaces. 3 – DESCRIPTION Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 Subcohort Neoselachii Compagno, 1977 Order ?Hexanchiformes Buen, 1926 Family Pseudonotidanidae Underwood & Ward, 2004 Genus Pseudonotidanus Underwood & Ward, 2004 cf. Pseudonotidanus sp. Material: 1 tooth (2013.5.1. ME, fig. 4) The tooth 2013.5.1 ME measures 10 mm mesio-distally, 4 mm labio-lingually and is 8 mm high. It is almost complete, although the mesial extremity of the tooth is missing. It shows a main cusp flanked by 6 cusplets distally, the sixth one being incipient and 5 cusplets mesially. The main cusp and first distal cusplets are inclined distally. The distal cusplets are larger than the mesial ones. They show, like the main cusp convex labial and lingual faces whereas the mesial ones are more flattened. Lateral cusplets decrease regularly in size towards the mesial and distal extremities of the crown. The first and third mesial cusplets show a small extra cusplet mesially. There is a well developed cutting edge, which is continuous from the main cusp to the most distal and mesial cusplets. The enameloid is smooth on both sides of the crown, but there is a band devoid of enameloid at the base of the lingual face of the crown (lingual neck, fig. 4C). - 24 - FIRST MENTION OF THE FAMILY PSEUDONOTIDANIDAE Fig. 4: Tooth of cf. Pseudonotidanus sp. from Arromanches in A: labial, B: distal, C: lingual, and D: basal views. The root is quite deep in labial view and shows foramina mainly restricted to its lower part (Fig. 4A). There are three enlarged foramina at the base, just below the main cusp, with a partially open basal wall, thus forming three short grooves on the labial part of the basal face of the root (Fig. 4D). The root is slightly projected lingually with a concave face showing a row of slit-like foramina in its middle part. There is also one enlarged foramen in the basal part, just below the main cusp. It is flanked distally by a rather large, slit-like foramen, again lacking part of its basal wall. The basal face of the root is lozenge-shaped and show many foramina randomly distributed. Its basal face forms with the axis of the crown
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Papers in Press
    Papers in Press “Papers in Press” includes peer-reviewed, accepted manuscripts of research articles, reviews, and short notes to be published in Paleontological Research. They have not yet been copy edited and/or formatted in the publication style of Paleontological Research. As soon as they are printed, they will be removed from this website. Please note they can be cited using the year of online publication and the DOI, as follows: Humblet, M. and Iryu, Y. 2014: Pleistocene coral assemblages on Irabu-jima, South Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Paleontological Research, doi: 10.2517/2014PR020. doi:10.2517/2018PR013 Features and paleoecological significance of the shark fauna from the Upper Cretaceous Hinoshima Formation, Himenoura Group, Southwest Japan Accepted Naoshi Kitamura 4-8-7 Motoyama, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0821, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The shark fauna of the Upper Cretaceous Hinoshima Formation (Santonian: 86.3–83.6 Ma) of the manuscriptHimenoura Group (Kamiamakusa, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan) was investigated based on fossil shark teeth found at five localities: Himedo Park, Kugushima, Wadanohana, Higashiura, and Kotorigoe. A detailed geological survey and taxonomic analysis was undertaken, and the habitat, depositional environment, and associated mollusks of each locality were considered in the context of previous studies. Twenty-one species, 15 genera, 11 families, and 6 orders of fossil sharks are recognized from the localities. This assemblage is more diverse than has previously been reported for Japan, and Lamniformes and Hexanchiformes were abundant. Three categories of shark fauna are recognized: a coastal region (Himedo Park; probably a breeding site), the coast to the open sea (Kugushima and Wadanohana), and bottom-dwelling or near-seafloor fauna (Kugushima, Wadanohana, Higashiura, and Kotorigoe).
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
    An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Relations of Hexanchiformes Deep-Sea Sharks Elucidated by Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 147064, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/147064 Research Article Evolutionary Relations of Hexanchiformes Deep-Sea Sharks Elucidated by Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences Keiko Tanaka,1 Takashi Shiina,1 Taketeru Tomita,2 Shingo Suzuki,1 Kazuyoshi Hosomichi,3 Kazumi Sano,4 Hiroyuki Doi,5 Azumi Kono,1 Tomoyoshi Komiyama,6 Hidetoshi Inoko,1 Jerzy K. Kulski,1,7 and Sho Tanaka8 1 Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan 2 Fisheries Science Center, The Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan 3 Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan 4 Division of Science Interpreter Training, Komaba Organization for Education Excellence College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan 5 Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum, 6-1 Arcaport, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0036, Japan 6 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Basic Clinical Science and Public Health, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan 7 Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6008, Australia 8 Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Takashi Shiina; [email protected] Received 1 March 2013; Accepted 26 July 2013 Academic Editor: Dietmar Quandt Copyright © 2013 Keiko Tanaka et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    BELGIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Professional Paper, 278: Elasmobranches et Stratigraphie (1994), 11-21,1995. Chondrichthyens mésozoïques du Grand Duché de Luxembourg par Dominique DELSATE (*) Résumé: Rappel des faunes de Chondrichthyens du Grand Duché de Luxembourg précédemment décrites. Des spécimens nouveaux sont signalés. Description d'une dent d 'Acrodus de l'Hettangien de Burmerange, et d'une dent â'Hybodus grossiconus du Toarcien inférieur de Soleuvre. Deux aiguillons de nageoire dorsale d'Hybodontoidea, de l'Hettangien (Brouch) et du Toarcien (Soleuvre), sont présentés. Identification formelle du genre Sphenodus parmi les dents du Bajocien luxembourgeois. Mots-clés: Chondrichthyes, Mésozoïque, Luxembourg. Abstract: Previously described Chondrichthyes teeth from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg are reminded. New specimens are reported. A tooth of Acrodus from the Hettangian of Burmerange and a tooth of Hybodus grossiconus from the lower Toarcian of Soleuvre are described. A very large fin spine from the Lower Toarcian of Soleuvre and a small one from the Hettangian of Brouch are introduced. Some Bajocian teeth are assigned to the genus Sphenodus. Key words: Chondrichthyes, Mesozoic, Luxembourg Kurzfassung: Ein Zahn von Acrodus aus dem Hettangium von Biirmeningen wird beschrieben; ein Zahn aus dem Unter-Toarcium von Zolver wird Hybodus grossiconus zugeordnet. Zwei fossile Stacheln von Rückenflossen, einer aus dem Hettangium (Brouch) und einer aus dem Toarcium (Soleuvre) stammen von Hybodontoidea. Einige Zähne des Toarciums und Bajociums werden der Gattung Sphenodus zugewiesen. Schlüsselwörter: Chondrichthyes, Mesozoicum, Luxemburg * Dominique DELSATE: Centre de Recherches Lorraines (B-6760 Ethe) ou 5 Rue du Quartier (B-6792 Battincourt), Belgique. Introduction Le Centre de Recherches Lorraines, le Service Géologique de Belgique et l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique ont entrepris conjointement l'exploration systématique des différents niveaux du Mésozoïque grand- ducal ainsi que l'examen des collections nationales ou privées existantes.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 15 Phylum Chordata Chordates are placed in the superphylum Deuterostomia. The possible rela- tionships of the chordates and deuterostomes to other metazoans are dis- cussed in Halanych (2004). He restricts the taxon of deuterostomes to the chordates and their proposed immediate sister group, a taxon comprising the hemichordates, echinoderms, and the wormlike Xenoturbella. The phylum Chordata has been used by most recent workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates or sea-squirts), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Craniata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The Cephalochordata and Craniata form a mono- phyletic group (e.g., Cameron et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004). Much disagree- ment exists concerning the interrelationships and classification of the Chordata, and the inclusion of the urochordates as sister to the cephalochor- dates and craniates is not as broadly held as the sister-group relationship of cephalochordates and craniates (Halanych, 2004). Many excitingCOPYRIGHTED fossil finds in recent years MATERIAL reveal what the first fishes may have looked like, and these finds push the fossil record of fishes back into the early Cambrian, far further back than previously known. There is still much difference of opinion on the phylogenetic position of these new Cambrian species, and many new discoveries and changes in early fish systematics may be expected over the next decade. As noted by Halanych (2004), D.-G. (D.) Shu and collaborators have discovered fossil ascidians (e.g., Cheungkongella), cephalochordate-like yunnanozoans (Haikouella and Yunnanozoon), and jaw- less craniates (Myllokunmingia, and its junior synonym Haikouichthys) over the 15 06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 16 16 Fishes of the World last few years that push the origins of these three major taxa at least into the Lower Cambrian (approximately 530–540 million years ago).
    [Show full text]
  • Szabo Marton.Indd
    FRAGMENTA PALAEONTOLOGICA HUNGARICA Volume 34 Budapest, 2017 pp. 49–61 Fish remains from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) of Hárskút (Hungary, Bakony Mts) Márton Szabó1, 2 1Department of Palaeontology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Hungary; 2Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1083 Budapest, Ludovika tér 2, Hungary. E-mail [email protected] Abstract – Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) fi sh remains, collected in the Közöskút Ravine (nearby Hárskút, Hungary) in the 1960s are detailed here. Although the material is poorly preserved, it is of great importance, because this geographical region and stratigraphical prove- nance are relatively undersampled for marine vertebrates. Th e collected material includes four or- ders of fi sh: Hexanchiformes, Synechodontiformes, Semionotiformes and Pycnodontiformes. Th is is the fi rst, actualized report of some of the Hárskút fi sh taxa from the Mesozoic of Hungary. Th e results add important data to the distribution of the identifi ed taxa, especially to that of Gyrodus. With 20 fi gures and 1 table. Key words – Gyrodus, Hauterivian, Hárskút, Hexanchidae, Lepidotes, Sphenodus, Valanginian INTRODUCTION Our knowledge on the Mesozoic marine fi shes of the Pannonian Basin is yet incomplete. Only a few papers describe these faunas (or faunal elements) in de- tail (e.g., Ősi et al. 2013, 2016; Pászti 2004; Szabó et al. 2016a, b; Szabó & Ősi 2017), while further works mention Mesozoic fi sh remains shortly (e.g., Dulai et al. 1992; Főzy & Szente 2014). A large amount of Mesozoic fi sh remains were collected in the last century, however, most of them were found during excava- tions aft er invertebrate faunas.
    [Show full text]
  • Neoselachii; Early Cretaceous, Antarctica
    Antarctic Science 21(5), 501–504 (2009) & Antarctic Science Ltd 2009 doi:10.1017/S0954102009990228 The oldest hexanchiform shark from the Southern Hemisphere (Neoselachii; Early Cretaceous, Antarctica) ALBERTO LUIS CIONE1* and FRANCISCO MEDINA2 1Divisio´n Paleontologı´a de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina 2Departamento de Ciencias Geolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina *[email protected] Abstract: The oldest record of the hexanchiform sharks from the Southern Hemisphere and the second chondrichthyan report known from Carboniferous to Early Cretaceous beds in Antarctica is given. The material was collected in late Aptian rocks of the Kotick Point Formation outcropping in the western part of James Ross Island, near Antarctic Peninsula. It consists of an isolated tooth assignable to a hexanchiform different from the other described genera. The tooth shows putative plesiomorphic cusp (few cusps, no serrations) and apomorphic root characters (relatively deep, quadrangular). It could be related to a species close to the origin of Hexanchus (unknown in beds older than Cenomanian). Received 6 December 2008, accepted 23 March 2009 Key words: Aptian, Hexanchiformes, James Ross Island, Neoselachii Introduction volcanic arc was located in the Antarctic Peninsula, while a back-arc basin (the James Ross Island or Larsen basin) The chondrichthyan fossil record from Antarctica is scant developed to the east. Cretaceous strata on James Ross and patchy. It is restricted to some Devonian primitive Island comprise a thick succession divided into two major sharks (Young 1982), a palaeospinacid tooth from Early lithostratigraphic units: the Gustav Group (Ineson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Shark) Dental Morphology During the Early Mesozoic Dynamik Av Selachian (Haj) Tandmorfologi Under Tidig Mesozoisk
    Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 399 Dynamics of Selachian (Shark) Dental Morphology During the Early Mesozoic Dynamik av Selachian (haj) tandmorfologi under Tidig Mesozoisk Alexander Paxinos INSTITUTIONEN FÖR GEOVETENSKAPER DEPARTMENT OF EARTH SCIENCES Examensarbete vid Institutionen för geovetenskaper Degree Project at the Department of Earth Sciences ISSN 1650-6553 Nr 399 Dynamics of Selachian (Shark) Dental Morphology During the Early Mesozoic Dynamik av Selachian (haj) tandmorfologi under Tidig Mesozoisk Alexander Paxinos ISSN 1650-6553 Copyright © Alexander Paxinos Published at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University (www.geo.uu.se), Uppsala, 2017 Abstract Dynamics of Selachian (Shark) Dental Morphology During the Early Mesozoic Alexander Paxinos The ancestors of all modern day sharks and rays (Neoselachii) may have appeared during the Late Palaeozoic, but their major diversification happened sometime during the Early Mesozoic. Taxonomic evidence places the first neoselachian diversification in the Early Jurassic. Taxonomic diversity analyses, however, are often affected by incompleteness of the fossil record and sampling biases. On the other hand, the range of morphological variation (disparity) offers a different perspective for studying evolutionary patterns across time. Disparity analyses are much more resilient to sampling biases than diversity analyses, and disparity has the potential to provide a more ecologically-relevant context.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analytical Approach for Estimating Fossil Record and Diversification Events in Sharks, Skates and Rays Guillaume Guinot, Sylvain Adnet, Henri Cappetta
    An Analytical Approach for Estimating Fossil Record and Diversification Events in Sharks, Skates and Rays Guillaume Guinot, Sylvain Adnet, Henri Cappetta To cite this version: Guillaume Guinot, Sylvain Adnet, Henri Cappetta. An Analytical Approach for Estimating Fossil Record and Diversification Events in Sharks, Skates and Rays. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2012, 7 (9), pp.e44632. 10.1371/journal.pone.0044632. hal-01942093 HAL Id: hal-01942093 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01942093 Submitted on 25 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License An Analytical Approach for Estimating Fossil Record and Diversification Events in Sharks, Skates and Rays Guillaume Guinot*, Sylvain Adnet, Henri Cappetta Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, Universite´ Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France Abstract Background: Modern selachians and their supposed sister group (hybodont sharks) have a long and successful evolutionary history. Yet, although selachian remains are considered relatively common in the fossil record in comparison with other marine vertebrates, little is known about the quality of their fossil record. Similarly, only a few works based on specific time intervals have attempted to identify major events that marked the evolutionary history of this group.
    [Show full text]
  • And Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications
    DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations College of Science and Health Spring 6-14-2019 Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications Phillip C. Sternes DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sternes, Phillip C., "Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications" (2019). College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations. 327. https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/327 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Science and Health at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science June 2019 By Phillip C. Sternes Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and Health DePaul University Chicago, Illinois Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................ii List of Tables..................................................................................................................................iv
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Taxonomy and Diversification of Atlantic Skates
    life Article Molecular Taxonomy and Diversification of Atlantic Skates (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes): Adding More Pieces to the Puzzle of Their Evolutionary History Valentina Crobe 1,*,† , Alice Ferrari 1,† , Robert Hanner 2 , Robin W. Leslie 3,4, Dirk Steinke 5, Fausto Tinti 1,* and Alessia Cariani 1 1 Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 240126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (A.C.) 2 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [email protected] 3 Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Branch Fisheries Management, Cape Town 8018, South Africa; [email protected] 4 Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa 5 Department of Integrative Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.C.); [email protected] (F.T.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Conservation and long-term management plans of marine species need to be based upon the universally recognized key-feature of species identity. This important assignment is particularly Citation: Crobe, V.; Ferrari, A.; challenging in skates (Rajiformes) in which the phenotypic similarity between some taxa and the Hanner, R.; Leslie, R.W.; Steinke, D.; individual variability in others, hampers accurate species identification. Here, 432 individual skate Tinti, F.; Cariani, A. Molecular samples collected from four major ocean areas of the Atlantic were barcoded and taxonomically Taxonomy and Diversification of analysed. A BOLD project ELASMO ATL was implemented with the aim of establishing a new fully Atlantic Skates (Chondrichthyes, available and well curated barcode library containing both biological and molecular information.
    [Show full text]
  • Chondrichthyan Teeth from the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Chondrichthyan teeth from the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA) Romano, Carlo ; Argyriou, Thodoris ; Krumenacker, L J Abstract: A new, diverse and complex Early Triassic assemblage was recently discovered west of the town of Paris, Idaho (Bear Lake County), USA. This assemblage has been coined the Paris Biota. Dated earliest Spathian (i.e., early late Olenekian), the Paris Biota provides further evidence that the biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction was well underway ca. 1.3 million years after the event. This assemblage includes mainly invertebrates, but also vertebrate remains such as ichthyoliths (isolated skeletal remains of fishes). Here we describe first fossils of Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) from the Paris Biota. The material is composed of isolated teeth (mostly grinding teeth) preserved on two slabs and representing two distinct taxa. Due to incomplete preservation and morphological differences to known taxa, the chondrichthyans from the Paris Biota are provisionally kept in open nomenclature, as Hybodontiformes gen. et sp. indet. A and Hybodontiformes gen. et sp. indet. B, respectively. The present study adds a new occurrence to the chondrichthyan fossil record of the marine Early Triassic western USA Basin, from where other isolated teeth (Omanoselache, other Hybodontiformes) as well as fin spines of Nemacanthus (Neoselachii) and Pyknotylacanthus (Ctenachanthoidea) and denticles have been described previously. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.001 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-170655 Journal Article Accepted Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License.
    [Show full text]