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Two Golden Ages of China

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wh07_te_ch12_s01_na_s.fm Page 368 Thursday, January 4, 2007 12:19 wh07_se_ch12_s01_s.fmPM Page 368 Wednesday, November 29, 2006 12:45 PM Step-by-Step Empress Wu Zhao SECTION 1 Instruction WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO Objectives The Only Female As you teach this section, keep students Emperor in China focused on the following objectives to help Many people in China had reason to distrust them answer the Section Focus Question Empress Wu Zhao (woo jow). From a lowly place and master core content. at court, she had risen to a position of influence 1 with the emperor. After his death, she ruthlessly ■ Summarize how the Tang dynasty took power into her own hands. She even reunified China. unseated her own sons from the throne. She ■ Explain how the Song dynasty grew declared herself “Son of Heaven,” the age-old rich and powerful despite military title of China’s emperors. No other woman had ever dared do such a thing! setbacks. Focus Question Describe the political, ■ Understand how China created an economic, and cultural achievements of the Tang ordered society. and Song dynasties. ■ Describe the cultural achievements of the Tang and Song dynasties. Prepare to Read Two Golden Ages of China L3 Build Background Knowledge Objectives In the late 600s, Wu Zhao became the only woman to rule China in Ask volunteers to identify other periods • Summarize how the Tang dynasty reunified China. her own name. Her strong rule helped guide China through one of they consider to be a golden age. • Explain how the Song dynasty grew rich and its most brilliant periods. At a time when Europe was fragmented powerful despite military setbacks. into many small feudal kingdoms, two powerful dynasties—the Set a Purpose L3 • Understand how China created an ordered society. Tang and the Song—restored unity in China. ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection • Describe the cultural achievements of the Tang aloud or play the audio. and Song dynasties. The Tang Dynasty Reunifies China AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, Terms, People, and Places After the Han dynasty collapsed in 220, China broke apart and The Only Female Emperor in China Tang dynasty Song dynasty remained divided for nearly 400 years. Yet China escaped the Ask What was unusual about Wu Tang Taizong gentry decay that disrupted Western Europe after the fall of Rome. Farm Zhao? (She was the first and only tributary state dowry production expanded and technology slowly improved. Buddhism land reform pagoda spread, while learning and the arts continued to flourish. Even woman to name herself “Son of Heaven,” Chinese cities survived. a title reserved for male emperors.) Have Although invaders stormed northern China, they often adopted students compare her method of obtain- Reading Skill: Compare and Contrast Create a Chinese civilization rather than demolishing it. Meanwhile, vari- ing power with other rulers in history. Venn diagram to take notes on the Tang and Song ous dynasties rose and fell in the south. During the brief Sui dynasties. Include information that applies to both ■ (swee) dynasty (589–618), the emperor Sui Wendi reunited the Focus Point out the Section Focus dynasties where the circles overlap. Question and write it on the board. north and south. But China was not restored to its earlier glory Tell students to refer to this question until the emergence of the Tang dynasty in 618. as they read. (Answer appears with Tang Song The Tang Build an Empire The first Tang emperor, Li Yuan Section 1 Assessment answers.) • Tang dynasty • emerges in 618. (lee yoo AHN), was a general under the Sui dynasty. When the Sui ■ Preview Have students preview the • began to crumble, Li Yuan’s ambitious 16-year-old son, Li Shimin, Section Objectives and the list of urged him to lead a revolt. Father and son crushed all rivals and Terms, People, and Places. ■ Reading Skill Have students use the Reading Strategy: Identify Supporting Vocabulary Builder Details worksheet. Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use word from this section. Teaching Resources, Unit 2, p. 107 Teaching Resources, Unit 2, p. 106; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3 ■ Have students read this section using the Paragraph Shrinking High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence strategy (TE, p. T20). Have students fill compel, p. 369 v. to force to do something in the Venn diagram comparing and Wu Zhao compelled her sons to step aside so that she could claim the throne. contrasting the Tang and Song. Reading and Note Taking Study Guide, p. 107 368 The Spread of Civilization in East and Southeast Asia wh07_se_ch12_s01_s.fmwh07_te_ch12_s01_na_s.fm Page 369 Wednesday, Page 369 September Friday, November28, 2005 6:08 11, PM 2005 3:25 PM established the Tang dynasty. Eight years later, Li Shimin compelled his Vocabulary Builder aging father to step down and mounted the throne himself, taking the compelled—(kum PELD) v. forced to do Teach name Tang Taizong (ty DZUNG). A brilliant general, government something reformer, historian, and master of the calligraphy brush, Tang Taizong would become China’s most admired emperor. The Tang Dynasty Later Tang rulers carried empire-building to new heights, conquering Reunifies China L3 territories deep into Central Asia. Chinese armies forced the neighboring lands of Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea to become tributary states. That is, Instruct while these states remained self-governing, their rulers had to acknowl- ■ Introduce: Vocabulary Builder edge Chinese supremacy and send regular tribute to the Tang emperor. Have students read the Vocabulary At the same time, students from Korea and Japan traveled to the Tang Builder term and definition. Ask What capital to learn about Chinese government, law, and arts. is an example of someone being The Government and Economy Grow Tang rulers, such as compelled to do something? (Sam- Empress Wu Zhao, helped restore the Han system of uniform govern- ple: Egyptian pharaohs compelling ment throughout China. They rebuilt the bureaucracy and enlarged the subjects to build pyramids) civil service system to recruit talented officials trained in Confucian phi- ■ Teach Outline how Tang rulers reuni- losophy. They also set up schools to prepare male students for the exams and developed a flexible new law code. fied China and revived Chinese culture. Tang emperors instituted a system of land reform in which they Ask How did the Tang dynasty com- broke up large agricultural holdings and redistributed the land to peas- The Tang Dynasty pare to the Han in the area it con- ants. This policy strengthened the central government by weakening the The Western Market (below trolled? (The Tang extended Chinese power of large landowners. It also increased government revenues, since left) of the Tang dynasty control deep into Central Asia and the peasants who farmed their own land would be able to pay taxes. specialized in foreign goods. spread Chinese influence to areas like Tang Taizong (below right) is Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea.) What did The Tang Dynasty Declines Like earlier dynasties, the Tang eventu- considered one of the greatest monarchs in the Tang rulers do to extend their con- ally weakened. Later Tang emperors lost territories in Central Asia to history of China. What led trol over the Chinese people? (They the Arabs. Corruption, high taxes, drought, famine, and rebellions all to the decline of the Tang rebuilt the bureaucracy and used land contributed to the downward swing of the dynastic cycle. In 907, a rebel Dynasty? reform to weaken the power of large landowners.) ■ Analyzing the Visuals Display Color Transparency 74: Map of East Asia and Southeast Asia. Ask a volunteer to identify the location of China as well as Central Asia, Tibet, Vietnam, and Korea. Have students contrast the extent of Chinese control and the extent of China’s influence. Color Transparencies, 74 Independent Practice Tell students to take the role of an advi- sor to one of the Tang emperors. Have them choose one of the policies outlined in this section, such as restoring the civil service exam. Tell them to write a report to the emperor recommending that policy and explaining how it would help build imperial power. Monitor Progress As students complete their Venn diagrams, circulate to make sure they understand the characteristics of the Tang and Song. For a completed version of the Venn Solutions for All Learners diagram, see L1 Special Needs L2 Less Proficient Readers Note Taking Transparencies, 96 Explain to students that the text explores many differ- Use the following resources to help students acquire ent areas of life in Tang and Song China, including basic skills: government, economics, social structure, culture, and Adapted Reading and Note Taking Answer the arts. Suggest that they take notes by creating a Study Guide chart with these headings. They should fill in the ■ Adapted Note Taking Study Guide, p. 107 Caption Tang emperors lost territories, and the appropriate information under each heading. ■ Adapted Section Summary, p. 108 dynasty faced corruption, high taxes, drought, famine, and rebellions. Chapter 12 Section 1 369 wh07_te_ch12_s01_na_s.fm Page 370 Friday, April 7, 2006 11:44 AM wh07_se_ch12_s01_s.fm Page 370 Monday, February 27, 2006 12:40 PM The Song Dynasty L3 Technology of Tang and Song China Instruct In addition to the advances shown below, the Chinese developed a smallpox vaccine, ■ Introduce Remind students that invented a spinning wheel, and pioneered the use of arches in bridge building. In time, skilled generals had united China and many of these developments traveled westward. Modernized versions of most of these created the Han and Tang dynasties. inventions are still widely used today. How could one of the inventions shown here Ask How do you think the Song have aided the spread of Chinese civilization to other lands? dynasty was formed? Why? Discuss their responses briefly before assign- ing the text.
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