Praise for Phoebe's Light
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Iceland's Whaling Comeback
Iceland’s Whaling Comeback: Preparations for the Resumption of Whaling from a humpback whale that was reported entan- 4.3. Contamination of Whale Meat 37 gled in a fishing net in June 2002 . However, ac- The contamination of whale meat with toxic chemi- cording to radio news Hagkaup halted sale shortly cals including heavy metals has drawn the attention afterwards, presumably because the meat had not of the public in several nations and the concern of been checked by the veterinary inspection. the IWC. For example, ten years of clinical trials of almost 1,000 children in the Faroe Islands have An unknown number of small cetaceans, mainly directly associated neurobehavioral dysfunction with harbour porpoises and white-beaked dolphins, are their mothers’ consumption of pilot whale meat killed in fishing nets. Regular entanglements of contaminated with high levels of mercury. Concerns harbour porpoises are reported from the inshore have also been expressed about the health impacts 38 spring fishery for lumpfish . One single fisherman of high levels of organic compounds including PCBs reported about 12 harbour porpoises being entan- in whale tissue. As a consequence, the Faroese gled in his nets and he considered this number to be government recommended to consumers that they comparatively low. reduce or stop consumption of whale products41. While the meat is often used for human consump- Furthermore, studies by Norwegian scientists and tion, the blubber of small cetaceans is also used as the Fisheries Directorate revealed that blubber from 39 bait for shark fishing . According to newspaper North Atlantic minke whales contains serious levels reports, small cetaceans killed intentionally are of PCBs and dioxin42, 43. -
The Bowhead Vs. the Gray Whale in Chukotkan Aboriginal Whaling IGOR I
ARCTIC VOL. 40, NO. 1 (MARCH 1987) P. 16-32 The Bowhead vs. the Gray Whale in Chukotkan Aboriginal Whaling IGOR I. KRUPNIK’ (Received 5 September 1984; accepted in revised form 22 July 1986) ABSTRACT. Active whaling for large baleen whales -mostly for bowhead (Balaena mysricetus) and gray whales (Eschrichrius robustus)-has been practiced by aborigines on the Chukotka Peninsula since at least the early centuries of the Christian era. Thehistory of native whaling off Chukotka may be divided into four periods according to the hunting methods used and the primary species pursued: ancient or aboriginal (from earliest times up to the second half of the 19th century); rraditional (second half of the 19th century to the1930s); transitional (late 1930s toearly 1960s); and modern (from the early 1960s). The data on bowhead/gray whale bone distribution in theruins of aboriginal coastal sites, available catch data from native settlements from the late 19th century and local oral tradition prove to be valuable sources for identifying specific areas of aboriginal whaling off Chukotka. Until the 1930s, bowhead whales generally predominated in the native catch; gray whales were hunted periodically or locally along restricted parts of the coast. Some 8-10 bowheads and 3-5 gray whales were killed on the average in a “good year”by Chukotka natives during the early 20th century. Around the mid-20th century, however, bowheads were completely replaced by gray whales. On the basis of this experience, the author believes that the substitution of gray whales for bowheads, proposed recently by conservationists for modemAlaska Eskimos, would be unsuccessful. -
Married Women Traders of Nantucket, 1765-1865
AGENCY: MARRIED WOMEN TRADERS OF NANTUCKET, 1765-1865 MARY L. HEEN* ABSTRACT Before the enactment of separate property and contract rights for married women, generations of married women in seaport cities and towns conducted business as merchants, traders and shopkeepers. The ®rst part of this article shows how private law facilitated their business activities through traditional agency law, the use of powers of attorney, trade accounts and family business networks. These arrangements, largely hidden from public view in family papers, letters, and diaries, permitted married women to enter into contracts, to buy and sell property, and to appear in court. Private law, like equity, thus pro- vided a more ¯exible alternative to the common law of coverture under agree- ments made within the family itself. On the other hand, public law proved much more restrictive for wives who were not part of a viable or harmonious mar- riage. In post-revolutionary Massachusetts, for example, the feme sole trader statute and various judicially adopted exceptions to the legal disabilities of married women under the common law applied only to certain wives abandoned by their husbands. The second part of the article provides a case study of three generations of married women traders from Nantucket during the whaling era, the oil explora- tion business of its time. Their stories show how some married women, within the constraints of the law as it developed in Massachusetts without courts of eq- uity, attained a form of autonomy in business or commercial activity at the same time that they ful®lled their family responsibilities. Their stories also uncover tensions underlying the ®rst wave of women's rights reform efforts in the mid-nineteenth century, including the developing separation between work and home that continues to pose challenges for family law and for men and *. -
Modern Whaling
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: In Pursuit of Leviathan: Technology, Institutions, Productivity, and Profits in American Whaling, 1816-1906 Volume Author/Editor: Lance E. Davis, Robert E. Gallman, and Karin Gleiter Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-13789-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/davi97-1 Publication Date: January 1997 Chapter Title: Modern Whaling Chapter Author: Lance E. Davis, Robert E. Gallman, Karin Gleiter Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8288 Chapter pages in book: (p. 498 - 512) 13 Modern Whaling The last three decades of the nineteenth century were a period of decline for American whaling.' The market for oil was weak because of the advance of petroleum production, and only the demand for bone kept right whalers and bowhead whalers afloat. It was against this background that the Norwegian whaling industry emerged and grew to formidable size. Oddly enough, the Norwegians were not after bone-the whales they hunted, although baleens, yielded bone of very poor quality. They were after oil, and oil of an inferior sort. How was it that the Norwegians could prosper, selling inferior oil in a declining market? The answer is that their costs were exceedingly low. The whales they hunted existed in profusion along the northern (Finnmark) coast of Norway and could be caught with a relatively modest commitment of man and vessel time. The area from which the hunters came was poor. Labor was cheap; it also happened to be experienced in maritime pursuits, particularly in the sealing industry and in hunting small whales-the bottlenose whale and the white whale (narwhal). -
Fish Bulletin No. 6. a History of California Shore Whaling
STATE OF CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME COMMISSION FISH BULLETIN No. 6 A History of California Shore Whaling BY EDWIN C. STARKS Stanford University 1923 1 2 3 4 1. A History of California Shore Whaling By EDWIN C. STARKS, Stanford University. It was once suggested to me that as there were still living a few of the men who took part in the old shore whaling operations on our coast it would be a desirable piece of work to get, by personal interview, a history of whaling at Monterey Bay. This I started to do, but with an accumulation of whaling data my interest led me to write a history of the shore whaling of the whole California coast, with an account of whales and whaling operations past and present. Though what material I have obtained from old whalemen has been of great value, I have found it impossible to get reliable dates from them. Hence this account, rather than an original contribution, may better be looked upon as a compilation of records found in old newspapers, books of travel, fish commission reports, notes and clippings in the Bancroft Library, and in such-like sources of information.1 Although we have known a certain amount about the whales of the north Pacific for a great many years, there is no group of animals of which we really know less, particularly as regards kinds or species. This is easily understandable when we consider the fact that we can not collect whales, as we do other animals, take them into the laboratory and placing them side by side make direct comparisons. -
The Rms – a Question of Confidence?
THE RMS – A QUESTION OF CONFIDENCE? - Manipulations and Falsifications in Whaling A review by Dr. Sandra Altherr, Kitty Block and Sue Fisher - 2 - RMS: A Question of Confidence? – Manipulations and Falsifications in Whaling Content 1. The RMS Process in 2005 and Remaining Questions ................................................................................ 3 2. RMP................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Tuning Level ............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2. Phasing in the RMP.................................................................................................................................. 4 2.3. Current RMS Discussion on the RMP....................................................................................................... 4 3. Catch Verification through International Observers................................................................................... 5 3.1. Misreporting and Underreporting in Past Whaling Activities ..................................................................... 5 3.2. Manipulations of Sex Ratio and Body-Length Data .................................................................................. 6 3.3. Hampering of Inspectors and Observers .................................................................................................. 7 3.4. -
Norwegian Bay Whaling Station
Norwegian Bay Whaling Station An Archaeolo~icaI Ueport --- 1 S.Oickhart by Myra Stanbury /(j:-P()/2; - Dept. Maritime Archaeology Western Australian Museum 1983 No. :u - NORWEGIAN BAY WHALING STATION AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT Myra Stanbury, Assistant Curator, Dept. Maritime Archaeology, W. A. Maritime Museum, Cliff Street, FREMANTLE, W. A. 6160 • Front cover: Sketch of Oil Storage Tanks S . J. Dickhart. CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements ii List of Figures iii Map References vi Introduction 1 Historical Background 1 Site Location and Access 8 Site Description and Survey 14 Findings 19 (a) Oil Storage Tanks and Environs 19 (b) Central area: workshops 25 (c) Southern area: residential 29 (d) Western area: jetties, slipways, flensing deck etc. 35 Summary and Conclusions 45 Appendix 1 Specifications of Whale Catching Steamers 46 Appendix 2. Liquidator's List of Equipment 47 Appendix 3 Whale Catches at Norwegian Bay 1913-1955 54 Appendix 4 Statement of Whaling Operations Carried out at Point Cloates Western Australia by the Norwegian Bay Whaling Company 55 Appendix 5 : Copy of Agreement with the Australian Workers' Union 56 Bibliography 62 i ACKNOIVLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express her thanks to Jon Carpenter (IV.A. Museum), Milton Clark, Syd Dickhart (M.A.A.W.A.), Peter Gesner (Maritime Archaeology Diploma Course) and Zoe Inman, for their assistance with the field survey and recording of field data; to Mr. & IVIrs Edgar Lefroy and Jane Lefroy of Ningaloo Station, for the use of their shearing premises and general historical information; to Graeme Henderson (Curator of Maritime Archaeology) and staff of the Maritime Archaeology Department for ad vice and photographic assistance, to the following persons who have kindly provided I?hotog-raphs, maps and information relating to the early whaling operations at Norwegian Bay, and have assisted in the identification of the various structures and artefacts: Les Coleman and Bill Stephens (formerly of Nor' West Whaling Co. -
A Brief History of Pacific Coast Whaling
19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450 ■ 707.847.3437 ■ [email protected] ■ www.fortross.org Title: A Brief History of Pacific Coast Whaling Author (s): Nicholas J. Lee Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library URL: http://www.fortross.org/lib.html Unless otherwise noted in the manuscript, each author maintains copyright of his or her written material. Fort Ross Conservancy (FRC) asks that you acknowledge FRC as the distributor of the content; if you use material from FRC’s online library, we request that you link directly to the URL provided. If you use the content offline, we ask that you credit the source as follows: “Digital content courtesy of Fort Ross Conservancy, www.fortross.org; author maintains copyright of his or her written material.” Also please consider becoming a member of Fort Ross Conservancy to ensure our work of promoting and protecting Fort Ross continues: http://www.fortross.org/join.htm. This online repository, funded by Renova Fort Ross Foundation, is brought to you by Fort Ross Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) and California State Park cooperating association. FRC’s mission is to connect people to the history and beauty of Fort Ross and Salt Point State Parks. - ) y / ,. ; / / / ' • Fo rt Ross Interpretive Assn . Library 1UCHOLA3 J. r.r.:s 19005 Coast Highway "'? jU' r '·ri.;_t· x· 7 (· ·1 \1 Jenner, CA 95450 · ·~ EL (HlldADA~ C,.\.L!F., 94018. A BHI 2:F HISTORY OP' P!lCI:FIC ~OAS'l' ~...:1-?ALTI!G B,y Nicholas J. Lse ~~11ala!:> wn:re ca1;.ght. b,;r t~~ Indir..ns of the Pacific North · )~ast, ;J.till~ing sps cial 35 foot c~no•1 ~, hH:r-poons, lines And fJ.oats, ev~m by poi~cn. -
A Collection of Kinship
A Collection of Kinship Ethnographic drawing in Shetland Bérénice Carrington A Collection Of Kinship A gentle suite of subjective works mainly in watercolour and pencil, the results of a winter’s residency at the Owld Haa* on the island of Yell, Shetland. The pieces were conceived between September 2015 and March 2016. Most were produced in situ at the museum, but some came also from memory and photographs. They were exhibited at the Owld Haa Gallery during September and October 2016. Cover: Left - Detail: Ripper, flensing knife and Magellan Daisy Right - Detail: Gibbie Hoseason’s Penguins, photographer: B Carrington Portrait of carved penguin, 2015, 76 x 56 cm Within its collection, either under the provenance of these objects containing the bobbed hair of a glass, in cabinets or propped by contrasting them against young woman from circa 1920. up in the corner of a room the kindred articles from my personal Owld Haa displays whales’ teeth, background: a carved penguin a hair watch chain and a flensing from whaling days, a 1913 bayonet Whale’s teeth, Sooth* Georgia: blade. The drawings explore and sheath and a paper bag Leith, 2016, 46 x 51 cm Although they appear to be simple seemingly self-evident; beneath its basis in the prosaic, a Forget- compositions, the drawings are their commonplace purpose and me-not (Myosotis) drawn on the necessarily highly detailed and meaning there may lie another same plane as a hair watch chain arranged to set up a pictorial perspective. The inclusion of presents a pair of objects symbolic notion of the provenance of local flowers and mosses in some of enduring affection or love. -
Meat Consumption from Stranded Whales and Marine Mammals in New Zealand: Public Health and Other Issues
Meat consumption from stranded whales and marine mammals in New Zealand: Public health and other issues M W Cawthorn Cawthorn & Associates Marine Mammals/Fisheries Consultants 53 Motuhara Road Plimmerton Wellington Published by Department of Conservation Head Office, PO Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand This report was commissioned by Hawke's Bay, Wellington and Otago Conservancies ISSN 1171-9834 1997 Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10-420, Wellington, New Zealand Reference to material in this report should be cited thus: Cawthorn, M.W., 1997 Meat consumption from stranded whales and marine mammals in New Zealand: Public health and other issues. Conservation Advisory Science Notes No. 164, Department of Conservation, Wellington. Keywords: Whales, seals, food preparation (marine mammal), meat quality assessment (marine mammal), flensing, pathogens, contaminants Abstract Interest in the use of stranded whales as a source of food and the use of seals for cultural purposes has been expressed to the Department of Conservation by Ngati Hawea and Ngai Tahu Maori respectively. The known and anecdotal history of consumption of whale and seal meat in New Zealand and elsewhere is briefly discussed. Comments on the palatibility of marine mammal meat and the use of whales and seals as food are presented. Post-stranding damage and carcass contamination result in unsuitability of meat for human consump- tion. Criteria for the assessment of meat quality from stranded animals are presented. The transmission of parasites, particularly Anisakis sp., and the cumulative effects of persistent pesticides and heavy metals from consump- tion of meat from species such as pilot whales is discussed. Meat collection and storage should be conducted under the same conditions and constraints applied to terrestrial mammals. -
Stantons in America
The Stantons in America The Patrilineal Ancestry of Charles Howland Stanton Patrick Hoggard December, 2015 Contents Introduction 1 The Rhode Island Stantons Robert Stanton 5 John Stanton 29 John Stanton 45 The Nantucket Stanton Samuel Stanton 66 The Peripatetic Stantons William Stanton 72 Zaccheus Stanton 88 The Indiana Stantons Eli Stanton 118 Dilwin Stanton 129 The California Stantons Will Stanton 141 Charles Stanton 153 Final Thoughts 158 Introduction To follow the Stantons from their first arrival in America down to Charles Howland Stanton is largely to trace the history of Quaker migrations in this country. Consequently two of the questions we shall be asking are who was the first Stanton Quaker in this line and who was the last Quaker. Also, out of general interest, inquiring minds would like to know how or whether this line is related to the two most prominent Stantons in American public life, Edwin Stanton, the Secretary of War under Lincoln, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (meaning, of course, her husband). But first, a very brief introduction to Quaker movements in America. The birth of the Quakers in England is set by many in the year 1652, when George Fox began to attract large number of followers to his ideas. He and his Friends of the Light shortly thereafter began to be referred to as Quakers because of references to trembling before the Lord. The first Quakers appeared in America in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1656, getting an icy reception there. Quakers were persecuted indefatigably, and four of them were hanged in Boston in 1660. -
Artisanal Whaling in the Atlantic: a Comparative Study of Culture, Conflict, and Conservation in St
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2010 Artisanal whaling in the Atlantic: a comparative study of culture, conflict, and conservation in St. Vincent and the Faroe Islands Russell Fielding Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Fielding, Russell, "Artisanal whaling in the Atlantic: a comparative study of culture, conflict, and conservation in St. Vincent and the Faroe Islands" (2010). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 368. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/368 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. ARTISANAL WHALING IN THE ATLANTIC: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CULTURE, CONFLICT, AND CONSERVATION IN ST. VINCENT AND THE FAROE ISLANDS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology Russell Fielding B.S., University of Florida, 2000 M.A., University of Montana, 2005 December, 2010 Dedicated to my mother, who first took me to the sea and taught me to explore. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation has benefitted from the assistance, advice, inspiration, and effort of many people. Kent Mathewson, my advisor and major professor, provided the kind of leadership and direction under which I work best, offering guidance when necessary and allowing me to chart my own course when I was able.