DOCSLIB.ORG

Middle East - Press Clippings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Middle East - Press Clippings UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 56 Date 16/05/2006 Time 4:44:18 PM S-0861-0004-01-00001 Expanded Number S-0861 -0004-01 -00001 Title items-in-Peace-keeping operations - Middle East - press clippings Date Created 25/03/1966 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0861-0004: Peace-Keeping Operations Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: Middle East Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit THEJ1EW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY JULY 20, «67 Mideast Mediator Odd Bull T> ECENTLY Lieut Gen Odd •Cv Bull was asked to de- scribe bis concept. of the role: of a United Nations mediator ' He replied that "one should have the .same conception of him on both sides . of tl$e border" and that he should "be "equally ^ unpopular m both camps, but respected " The GO-yeariold Alan • Norwegian -officer in the has partly 11 . succeeded m his •News •' role as commander • . of the United Na- tions. ,:Tnice SupervisionJ.Or- ganizatiqn, ' which has ...the- neW'Vtask fit observing the Suez'--Can'al,:ceast.' Ine He is, respected oft both sides, but' he isJpQpular. "I. Want to-be strictly neu- tral," "lie explained "Nobody would like anything else fic-m rae." General Bull -has.,been.'abl'e to maintain his neutial posi- tion through a long, tense "A'slocwted Pie s period in .the Middle East: He commands respect, I The general, who-camft'to enjoys popularity. ' the region four years ago, is regarded by many as tlie -best lans in Van •agreement that of the United Nations ob- surprised many. •Israelis.-vThe servers. If there is any exchange came on'the heels criticism of him, it is that of a visit to Damascus by the he leans too heavily on general, and'it was the first advisers, some of whom have such in nearly three years. been- here for 19 years, since Born at .Bodo, in north the end of the first Arab-Is- . Norway,, on June 28, 1907, raeli war, and who are the General Bull was graduated butts of Israeli criticism from the Army School in Oslo aimed at the United Nations. in 1928 and two years later 'Vested Interest' Discerned became a military ' aviator. The criticism, which is During World "War II he never directed at the general served in: Britain, command- personally, is to the effect ing two Norwegian fighter 'that his advisers haye ac- squadrons, and in Canada, ;iqiiired "a vested interest in where he commanded a'train^ St-h'e-area." The Israeli officials ing camp for Norwegian; ?often speak bitterly, but only soldiers for a time. • , .- ^privately, of United Nations .After the war. General Bull1; .^observers who, they .believe, was appointed air commander/.' "are disinclined 'to charge in central Norway and then.:; nb.ordering Arab states with undertook two years of prs,4 •arontier violations because ganizational and staff workf j- the evidence would not be at air force headquarters dti'« .x sufficient in a court of law. Oslo. He became air ford.e:} ftU.O'dd Bull— his first name Chief of Staff in 1948, •Air,;. vmcans "point of a knife" in Commander.of northern'HO?-'' "Norwegian and Bull is an "way in 1953, with the rank faf-.y old Anglo-Saxon family name major general, and Air ConV/ /not uncommon in Norway — rnander of-Norway in 1956-i';'"!. Vis a tall, slender, blue-eyed, He traveled widely in'Eu-j "'"gVa^'ing man with a sgldier's rope and served, as Deputy.; .^caring. Quiet and with an Chief of Staff in the Atlantic,;' vappearance of being pleasant- Alliance's command " 'K'Kfc ' ly.^conf ident, he chats easily Northern Europe, a position;*: and is a good yn'ij.er although . that- gave him experience'dn;^ he rarely grants interviews. dealing with people of differ^, . The general is known as a ent nationalities and.tempj5r-r$ good: and firm leader of men arijents. ::• '•• • • "- •• ' "" who is quick to 'take the in-. : 'Something'Called Truth'"- itiative in new, situations. :. 'One of his "United Nations An outdoor type, he' is fond associates described'him as'a of skiing. : •• ; man who is "quiet and cool," He lias a sense of humor . haiidly likely,to .leap to, sud-, I about his name, which at- den conclusions or be swayed' tracts attention when-"he is by emotional appeals. Ratherf. introduced. At a lawn party. he listens carefully and then at . the United States Con- goes out into the field to sulate in .Jerusalem; he was 'look. V •'•• ''•'' ••• , ' s '' ' once heard to say drily, "It's ' .General'Bull believes that not such an odd name where there "is something" called I come from." . the truth" and'that this truth, Went to Region in 1958 advance'! in good' conscience His first assignment in the by a neutral third party, Middle East was as chief of should be recognized as truth the United Nations observer by both sides in a dispute. corps in Lebanon in 1958 General Bull and his family after the withdrawal of forces. livfe in Government House, sent by the United States to which, until . 1948, when, counteract threats to the re- the British left Palestine, wa's publican regime. His job was the residence of the British to insure against the illegal Governor • General or High passage of arms and men Commissioner. The stately across the Lebanese frontiers, structure, in placid solitude at that time a pioneering in the former" no man's land United Nations venture. between Jordan and Israel, | "I remember the first time commands much of Jerusalem. in Lebanon as a confus- The area has been known j ing one, bvifc conditions since Biblical times as the ; straightened out there Hill of Evil Counsel. quickly and in six months The closest the family il w;is till over." lie recalled, came to danger during Gen- adding with a smile: "It was eral Bull's years of border | unr of 1h'' few U.N. laslis mediation was on June 5, the ! which were completed." day the brief Arab-Israeli war He \vas chosen by Dag broke out, when a Jordanian Hammerskjold, who was Sec- force took the house and retary General at the time, then lost it to a fierce Israeli "simply because he is a very attack/ good and experienced mili- " With him were his wife, tary man." Inga-Lisa, and his 12-year-old A job' such as General son, Odd Jr., and an Arctic Bull's is often measured in dog, Kim, a Samoyed, trained such little victories. Last for herding reindeer and pull- August, for example, four Is- ing sleds. It is; expected that raelis who had been in Syrian in about two weeks Kim -will prisons for up. to 12 years be back home,"in what i> no were exchanged for six Syr- . longer no man's land. NEW YORK Vims, Wednesday, 26 July r?uly 171967: High Point of Goldbergs 2 would push its advantage too toward the establishment of the in accord with this approach, i By DREW MIDDLETON bly and has -held 735 confer- far. They were anxious lest the rule of law. his delegation is composed of ences witlr threads of other •;•• Special to The New York Times Russians, after their diplomatic Two years' dealings with 121 diplomats of great experience ^UNITED NATIONS, N. Y., delegations.and members of the defeat over the Middle East, nations have convinced him and industry. Secretariat. July 25—Arthur J. Goldberg felt it necessary to make trou- that, under present circum- His own industry is reflected ' Whs appointed United States ble elsewhere to recoup their stances, the United Nations can in the record of two years' . The.,,.--•-• social side-o•f his worlf representative at the United prestige. not substitute for the foireigi n stewardship. He has made 36lnas '"eluded 1^4; events, from Nations two years ago toraor- But Mr. Goldberg showed policy of a great power but policy statements that have|breakfast meetings .to cruises,' riSw. It is unlikely that his as- that it "has an impact" on signment has given him a more goodwill, the diplomats say. that been repeated in the weekly involving ll,'71ojguests. Moreover, the Russians' initia- policy. His attitude, he con- Department of State 'Bulletin. Despit^—•••*e- the.'iudps^- <f-£-j--i •«!=his- apti-j satisfying moment that that at cedes, has changed in those One, "Initiative for Peace," de- 4*P.M. on July 17, when the tive, when it became known, tude for behindsther.scenes ne- regained some of the position two years. livered to the General Assem- gotiation has ibrpught Mm, Am- Soviet Ambassador to the bly on Sept. 22, 1966, remains ; United States, Anatoly F. Dob- they lost through their there- The United States approach bassador Goldberg 'Still 'enjoys tofore-inflexible 'Stand. to. United Nations issues, he be- the basic American doc'»nent most those moments when .the r$nin, arrived at the United .ore on the Johnson Admmis- States mission looking for help. After two years at the Unit- lieves, must be tinner and mi President of the'Assembly calls ''Mr. Goldberg's subsequent ed Nations, the American Am- expert. This acknowledges tration s approach to peace in on him. But hislcolleagues- -say bassador is unlikely, as he says, fact of United Nations life: ~The Vietnam, the problem posed in they would enjoy his speeches assistance to Mr. Dobrynin and the United Nations by Chinese Foreign Minister Andrei A. to "confuse a change in the American delegation can no more if they were shorter, i weather with a change in di- longer rely on a bloc of allied representation and the need for "There's no reason why Gromyko in drafting a resolu- the rule of law in' space.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Market Update
    GLOBAL MARKET UPDATE 22 TO 28 MAY: PAPER SHUFFLING THIS WEEK’S GLOBAL EQUITY MARKET MOVERS Top 3: New Zealand 2.78%, Luxembourg 2.38%, Finland 1.67% DEVELOPED Bottom 3: Italy -1.78%, Belgium -1.35%, Norway -0.99% Top 3: Turkey 3.83%, Brazil 2.95%, China "H" 2.90% EMERGING Bottom 3: Dubai -1.51%, Abu Dhabi -1.41%, Indonesia -1.19% Top 3: Kenya 4.74%, Pakistan 3.74%, Nigeria 3.38% FRONTIER Bottom 3: Tanzania -7.44%, Bermuda -2.54%, Jamaica -2.09% After a 9-month odd bull market, some divergence and loss of momentum has prevailed over recent weeks. Over the next month, a number of policy announcements could shape market direction. In particular: • FED and ECB monetary policy decisions at which the US will likely raise rates and Europe may signal a more hawkish stance on policy. • UK general elections and the start of Brexit negotiations. • Italian electoral reform (setting up an Autumn election) and the conclusion of Greek negotiations with the EU to unlock the latest tranche of funding. under quantitative easing gained greater prominence in UNITED STATES discussions. Specifically, “nearly all policymakers expressed S&P 2,416 +1.43%, 10yr Treasury 2.23% +1.19bps, HY Credit a favourable view” of a plan whereby the bank would Index 327 -3bps, Vix 9.81 -2.23Vol announce limits on the dollar amounts of securities that would not be reinvested each month. These caps would The minutes to the FED’s May meeting contained two then increase every 3 months. “Most participants…judged points of interest: that a change in the committee’s reinvestment policy would likely be appropriate later this year” and that “the 1.
    [Show full text]
  • News. in Brief
    \ \ i " • _r' - ..,," • ",,' ;,-,. _, __ 'e" __ .' •• ,1t~.fr~ii":F'~--$*';':f\~~~ ......x. _fA .~ - ~ ~.,,=~. '" ;'-'~"'~")~}.";.;'.--...,,-,,: :-)","".":': ';.:- ...:s_-:)·:~'j·::·~:;-:~~~~-";'~~E:): ,.:\_: :"""<"':"'::-' .t"::' ~,:, ,.... -:.-'':''7'.-."'. -' - , .:: it. ~, ..... ,.1<- . .,," _.'" . c.".,"';", •. , ~ .., '-, -, ',- ,. ~ ....,. 3'- . .- -... .,.. .... , -_ .. - - :-.. ~-".~-. ,..... '? '. ( :~t; .~ • , }~j,i r , . , '. 16 - THE JEWISH POST, n;ursciay. December 14,1978 ,. ..' ' . , .. -.-'" .....:. .; i . " ! '-~--""'-"-'" News., in Brief. , Jerusalem (JCNS) - Israeli security forces using bulldozers knOCked down the homes of two West Bank men, both accused of terrorist ac- tivities, '.. ,.\ , . One of the' houses, in WUwan village, north of Jerusalem,. near , , Ramallah, was owned by Akram Abdulah Rabm!lD, accused of heading ! :. a polltical assassination squad which murdered' prominent West Bank ~.,'. /' " , \ residents. for allegedly co-operating with· Israel. Rahnianwasd!1,~ined .~~t1~~i~t'~ii,<:\;~:'> r/" . I ! ~, some months ago.' ,';·,d" , ._ ..... _, ..... ,., ..: .. 'f /.,.j I The owner o{.the.,9therjlouse, i!!. a '1llagE!near Na,blus,is th9ught to .' " Oli/est and Lsrgiist'i/fnYlo4ewlsh W6Bk~1i1W"stern C~ada ',., .• '. ' Ii'® J v' 'j'; • ~ havefl¢d to' Jo~n' after three .0thEir·iJ!emhers'0( his group Were Candia lighting tlma FrldaYls":1~ p.m;' .Shabbat encis:,5:20 p.m. By mall In Western Canada $10 / ~ , .j arrested. .' ", .. , , .' ... ' ... ' '. '. ' '~.- "'.' '" ,.." Vol. UV No. 47-48 21. 1978 21 Days In Kisiev , .;:;;: " · 'Felicia Langer, the Israeli Communist lawyer, obtained a Supreme WU\~"'IPEG. THURSDAV',I?E~EIIII~ER 'b ". /'. /' Court stay on the demolitions, but by the time she notified the military authorities, the demolitions had already been carried out. , Mter the demolitions, the villagers complained to the Red Cross and . , ~. ,/ :, newspapermen, while women danced and chanted .slligansiri support of i . Yasser Arafat, the Palestine Liberation Organization.Jeader.
    [Show full text]
  • Asylum-Seekers Become the Nation's Scapegoat
    NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law Volume 14 Number 2 Volume 14, Numbers 2 & 3, 1993 Article 7 1993 TURMOIL IN UNIFIED GERMANY: ASYLUM-SEEKERS BECOME THE NATION'S SCAPEGOAT Patricia A. Mollica Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/ journal_of_international_and_comparative_law Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Mollica, Patricia A. (1993) "TURMOIL IN UNIFIED GERMANY: ASYLUM-SEEKERS BECOME THE NATION'S SCAPEGOAT," NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law: Vol. 14 : No. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/journal_of_international_and_comparative_law/vol14/iss2/ 7 This Notes and Comments is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. TURMOIL IN UNIFIED GERMANY: ASYLUM-SEEKERS BECOME THE NATION'S SCAPEGOAT I. INTRODUCTION On November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, symbolizing the end of a divided German state. The long dreamed-of unification finally came to its fruition. However, the euphoria experienced in 1989 proved ephemeral. In the past four years, Germans have faced the bitter ramifications of unity. The affluent, capitalist West was called on to assimilate and re-educate the repressed communist East. Since unification, Easterners have been plagued by unemployment and a lack of security and identity, while Westerners have sacrificed the many luxuries to which they have grown accustomed. A more sinister consequence of unity, however, is the emergence of a violent right-wing nationalist movement. Asylum- seekers and foreigners have become the target of brutal attacks by extremists who advocate a homogenous Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relations Between Israel and the Diaspora
    chapter 5 Close and Distant: The Relations between Israel and the Diaspora Ephraim Yuchtman-Ya’ar and Steven M. Cohen A Brief Demographic History The major features of contemporary relationships between the world’s two largest Jewish communities—one in the United States and the other in Israel—bear directly upon any assessment of the state of “Jewish peoplehood” during the first decade of the twenty-first century. How do members of the two communities relate to each other and to the Jewish people? To put this discus- sion into a historical context, we first turn to a brief account of the major demographic and related developments that took place between the Jewish communities in Israel and the diaspora over time. Jews have lived in the Diaspora since biblical times. During most of that long history, the Jewish population in “the Land of Israel” comprised a small, or more precisely, a very small minority of the entire world Jewry. Over the centu- ries, the Jewish Diaspora has continuously strived to keep alive its connection and devotion to Zion, though most of that effort was essentially symbolic, based on adherence to traditions and rituals but with little concrete action. The renowned Jewish medieval poet from Spain, Yehuda Halevi, expressed those sentiments in the following line from one of his most famous poems: “My heart is in the East but I am far in the West.” He himself had realized his dream and left Spain in order to settle in the home of his ancestors, but his act was a rare exception, that only a few followed.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida State University Libraries
    Florida State University Libraries 2017 Turning Towards Zion: An Analysis of the Development of Attitudes Towards Israel of American Reform Jews in the Wake of Israel's War of 1967 Through Examination of the Yearbooks of the Central Conference of American Rabbis Micah Roberts Friedman Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION TURNING TOWARDS ZION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS ISRAEL OF AMERICAN REFORM JEWS IN THE WAKE OF ISRAEL’S WAR OF 1967 THROUGH EXAMINATION OF THE YEARBOOKS OF THE CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS By MICAH ROBERTS FRIEDMAN A Thesis submitted to the Department of Religion in partial fulfillment of the requirements of graduation with Honors in the Major 1 2 Table of Contents Signature Page……………………………………………………………………………………...2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Chapter One: Before the War 1965 – 1966………………………………………………………..10 1965: Cincinnati, Ohio…………………………………………………………………….10 1966: Toronto, Canada……………………………………………………………………15 Chapter Two: War and its Aftermath 1967 – 1969………………………………………………...18 1967: Los Angeles, California……………………………………………………………...18 1968: Boston, Massachusetts……………………………………………………………....24 1969: Houston, Texas……………………………………………………………………..30 Chapter Three: To Jerusalem and back 1970 – 1973………………………………………………41 1970: Jerusalem, Israel…………………………………………………………………….41 1971: St. Louis, Missouri…………………………………………………………………..49 1972: Grossinger, New York……………………………………………………………....57
    [Show full text]
  • Schnepp, Otto Oral History Interview Steve Hochstadt Bates College
    Bates College SCARAB Shanghai Jewish Oral History Collection Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library 6-7-1990 Schnepp, Otto oral history interview Steve Hochstadt Bates College Follow this and additional works at: http://scarab.bates.edu/shanghai_oh Recommended Citation Hochstadt, Steve, "Schnepp, Otto oral history interview" (1990). Shanghai Jewish Oral History Collection. 29. http://scarab.bates.edu/shanghai_oh/29 This Oral History is brought to you for free and open access by the Muskie Archives and Special Collections Library at SCARAB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Shanghai Jewish Oral History Collection by an authorized administrator of SCARAB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SHANGHAI JEWISH COMMUNITY BATES COLLEGE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT LEWISTON, MAINE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- OTTO SCHNEPP LOS ANGELES JUNE 7, 1990 Interviewer: Steve Hochstadt Transcription: Jennifer Gibson Nancy Masino Scott Pugh Steve Hochstadt © 1996 Otto Schnepp and Steve Hochstadt Otto Schnepp: What do you want me to do? I haven't prepared for this, I haven't thought about it, I must say, because we've been very swamped in recent days. I'm the department chairman now and I've been swamped with administrative problems, financial among others. So I haven't thought about it, let me try to focus. Maybe you can say a few words to help me to focus. Steve Hochstadt: What I'd like you to do first, which will probably take up quite a bit of time, is for you to start at the very beginning of when you or your family first heard about Shanghai. Actually I'd like you to start a little bit earlier, to give me a bit of background about you and your family living in Europe, and then about hearing about Shanghai and making the preparations and going there, and then about your life in Shanghai during the whole time, a narrative sketch until coming to the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • WALTER CRONKITE – IMAGE #28 the 20Th Summer Olympic Games
    WALTER CRONKITE – IMAGE #28 The 20th Summer Olympic Games were held in Munich, Germany, in 1972. Tensions ran high at these Olympics, because they were the first Olympic games held in Germany since the Nazis hosted them in 1936. The Israeli athletes and their trainers were especially nervous. Many had family members who had been murdered during the Holocaust or were themselves Holocaust survivors. The first few days of the Olympic Games went smoothly. On September 4th the Israeli team spent the evening out, seeing the play, Fiddler on the Roof. Then they went back to the Olympic Village to sleep. A little after 4 a.m. on September 5th, as the Israeli athletes slept, eight members of the Palestinian Liberation Organization terrorist group, Black September, jumped over the six-foot high fence that encircled the Olympic Village. The terrorists headed straight for 31 Connollystrasse, the building where the Israeli contingent was staying. Around 4:30 a.m. the terrorists entered the building. They rounded up the occupants of apartment 1 and, then, apartment 3. Several of the Israelis fought back. Two of them were killed. A couple of others were able to escape out windows. Nine were taken hostage. By 5:10 a.m. the police had been alerted, and news of the attack had spread around the world. The terrorists then dropped a list of their demands out the window. They wanted 234 prisoners released from Israeli prisons and two from German prisons by 9 a.m. Negotiators were able to extend the deadline to noon, then to 1 p.m., then to 3 p.m., then to 5 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Munich Massacre: a New History
    The Munich Massacre: A New History Eppie Briggs (aka Marigold Black) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of BA (Hons) in History University of Sydney October 2011 1 Contents Introduction and Historiography Part I – Quiet the Zionist Rage 1. The Burdened Alliance 2. Domestic Unrest Part II – Rouse the Global Wrath 3. International Condemnation 4. The New Terrorism Conclusion 2 Acknowledgments I would like to thank first and foremost Dr Glenda Sluga to whom I am greatly indebted for her guidance, support and encouragement. Without Glenda‟s sage advice, the writing of this thesis would have been an infinitely more difficult and painful experience. I would also like to thank Dr Michael Ondaatje for his excellent counsel, good-humour and friendship throughout the last few years. Heartfelt thanks go to Elise and Dean Briggs for all their love, support and patience and finally, to Angus Harker and Janie Briggs. I cannot adequately convey the thanks I owe Angus and Janie for their encouragement, love, and strength, and for being a constant reminder as to why I was writing this thesis. 3 Abstract This thesis examines the Nixon administration’s response to the Munich Massacre; a terrorist attack which took place at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. By examining the contextual considerations influencing the administration’s response in both the domestic and international spheres, this thesis will determine the manner in which diplomatic intricacies impacted on the introduction of precedent setting counterterrorism institutions. Furthermore, it will expound the correlation between the Nixon administration’s response and a developing conceptualisation of acts of modern international terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeted Killing: Self-Defense, Preemption, and the War on Terrorism
    Journal of Strategic Security Volume 2 Number 2 Volume 2, No. 2: May 2009 Article 1 Targeted Killing: Self-Defense, Preemption, and the War on Terrorism Thomas Byron Hunter Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the Portfolio and Security Analysis Commons pp. 1-52 Recommended Citation Hunter, Thomas Byron. "Targeted Killing: Self-Defense, Preemption, and the War on Terrorism." Journal of Strategic Security 2, no. 2 (2010) : 1-52. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.2.2.1 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol2/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Targeted Killing: Self-Defense, Preemption, and the War on Terrorism Abstract This paper assesses the parameters and utility of “targeted killing” in combating terrorism and its role within the norm of state self-defense in the international community. The author’s thesis is that, while targeted killing provides states with a method of combating terrorism, and while it is “effective” on a number of levels, it is inherently limited and not a panacea. The adoption and execution of such a program brings with it, among other potential pitfalls, political repercussions. Targeted killing is defined herein as the premeditated, preemptive, and intentional killing of an individual or individuals known or believed to represent a present and/or future threat to the safety and security of a state through affiliation with terrorist groups or individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Israeli History
    1 Ron’s Web Site • North Shore Flashpoints • http://northshoreflashpoints.blogspot.com/ 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wb6IiSUx pgw 3 British Mandate 1920 4 British Mandate Adjustment Transjordan Seperation-1923 5 Peel Commission Map 1937 6 British Mandate 1920 7 British Mandate Adjustment Transjordan Seperation-1923 8 9 10 • Israel after 1973 (Yom Kippur War) 11 Israel 1982 12 2005 Gaza 2005 West Bank 13 Questions & Issues • What is Zionism? • History of Zionism. • Zionism today • Different Types of Zionism • Pros & Cons of Zionism • Should Israel have been set up as a Jewish State or a Secular State • Would Israel have been created if no Holocaust? 14 Definition • Jewish Nationalism • Land of Israel • Jewish Identity • Opposes Assimilation • Majority in Jewish Nation Israel • Liberation from antisemetic discrimination and persecution that has occurred in diaspora 15 History • 16th Century, Joseph Nasi Portuguese Jews to Tiberias • 17th Century Sabbati Zebi – Declared himself Messiah – Gaza Settlement – Converted to Islam • 1860 Sir Moses Montefiore • 1882-First Aliyah, BILU Group – From Russia – Due to pogroms 16 Initial Reform Jewish Rejection • 1845- Germany-deleted all prayers for a return to Zion • 1869- Philadelphia • 1885- Pittsburgh "we consider ourselves no longer a nation, but a religious community; and we therefore expect neither a return to Palestine, nor a sacrificial worship under the sons of Aaron, nor the restoration of any of the laws concerning a Jewish state". 17 Theodore Herzl 18 Theodore Herzl 1860-1904 • Born in Pest, Hungary • Atheist, contempt for Judaism • Family moves to Vienna,1878 • Law student then Journalist • Paris correspondent for Neue Freie Presse 19 "The Traitor" Degradation of Alfred Dreyfus, 5th January 1895.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel-Pakistan Relations Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (JCSS)
    P. R. Kumaraswamy Beyond the Veil: Israel-Pakistan Relations Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (JCSS) The purpose of the Jaffee Center is, first, to conduct basic research that meets the highest academic standards on matters related to Israel's national security as well as Middle East regional and international secu- rity affairs. The Center also aims to contribute to the public debate and governmental deliberation of issues that are - or should be - at the top of Israel's national security agenda. The Jaffee Center seeks to address the strategic community in Israel and abroad, Israeli policymakers and opinion-makers and the general public. The Center relates to the concept of strategy in its broadest meaning, namely the complex of processes involved in the identification, mobili- zation and application of resources in peace and war, in order to solidify and strengthen national and international security. To Jasjit Singh with affection and gratitude P. R. Kumaraswamy Beyond the Veil: Israel-Pakistan Relations Memorandum no. 55, March 2000 Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies 6 P. R. Kumaraswamy Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel Tel. 972 3 640-9926 Fax 972 3 642-2404 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/ ISBN: 965-459-041-7 © 2000 All rights reserved Graphic Design: Michal Semo Printed by: Kedem Ltd., Tel Aviv Beyond the Veil: Israel-Pakistan Relations 7 Contents Introduction .......................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Who Controls the IDF? Between an "Over-Subordinate Army" and "A Military That Has a State"
    1 סדרת מאמרים לדיון Working paper series No. 23 – 2012 Who Controls the IDF? Between an "Over-Subordinate Army" and "a Military that has a State" Yagil Levy 142 מערכות מידע חשבונאיות ממוחשבות 1 Who Controls the IDF? Between an "Over-Subordinate Army" and "a Military that has a State" Yagil Levy Two opposite arguments are heard in political and academic discourse in Israel about the status of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF): One argument is that the IDF possesses too much power and that military thought governs political thought (see, for example, Barak & Sheffer, 2006; Ben-Eliezer, 1997; Grinberg, 2009; Michael, 2007; Peri, 2006). This argument is captured by the phrase "A Military that has a State" (Sheffer, Barak & Oren, 2008). Others, most prominent among whom is Stuart Cohen (2006), contend that the military is over- supervised by civilian groups, thereby limiting its space of operation. Can both these arguments be right at the same time? How can the contradiction between them be reconciled? To better illustrate this contradiction, let us look at recent developments in civil-military relations. There has been increasing civilian intrusion into the military domain, culminating in an overly subordinate military. Areas that were conventionally considered as falling within the military's sphere of professional competence became subject to civilian control. The impetus for this change came from social movements and interest groups (including parents) backed by the media, and focused on issues ranging from recruitment policies and the investigation of operational accidents to military operations themselves (Cohen, 2006). At the same time, during the 1980s, the political culture underwent militarization, generally attributed to the empowerment of a coalition of ethno-national groups composed mainly of religious groups and Russian immigrants.
    [Show full text]