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The Genus Bothriurus (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) in Patagonia

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The Genus Bothriurus (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) in Patagonia The genus Bothriurus (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) in Patagonia CAMILO IVÁN MATTONI Insect Syst.Evol. Mattoni, C. I.: The genus Bothriurus (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae) in Patagonia. Insect Syst. Evol. 37: 361-384. Copenhagen, December, 2006. ISSN 1399-560X. Historically, the identity and distribution of some Bothriurus species from Patagonia have not been clear. The previous concepts of the Bothriurus patagonicus species group may comprise more than one species. Two new species, Bothriurus huincul sp. n. and B. sanctaecrucis sp. n., are described, and additional morphological and distributional data of B. patagonicus, and B. burmeisteri are provided. An identification key and a map with all the records of Patagonian Bothriurus species are provided. Phylogenetic and biogeographic aspects of Patagonian Bothriurus, reflecting ancient connections of Patagonia with the center and north of Chile, are discussed. Camilo Iván Mattoni, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024–5192, USA (cmattoni@ amnh.org) Introduction Acosta 2003 (Ojanguren Affilastro 2005). The Patagonia is a vast cool semi-desert of southern same number of species has been reported from South America that occupies southern Argentina Brachistosternus Pocock 1893: B. (Leptosternus) and small areas of southern Chile, covering ca. alienus Lönnberg 1898, B. (L.) paulae Ojanguren 500,000 km2. In Argentina, Patagonia extends Affilastro 2003 and B. (L.) angustimanus Ojan- south from the Colorado River, reaching north of guren Affilastro and Roig Alsina 2001 (Ojanguren Tierra del Fuego Island, between the Andes and Affilastro 2005). Contrary to the previous genera, the Atlantic Ocean. In Chile, it is only present in Patagonian species of Bothriurus Simon 1880 small sectors near east border of Aisén (XI) and remain poorly studied. Magallanes (XII) Regions (Cabrera & Willink Maury (1968) listed three species of Bothriurus 1973; Gajardo 1995). Patagonia is ecologically from Argentinean Patagonia: Bothriurus burmeis- diverse, encompassing a wide spectrum of vegeta- teri Kraepelin 1894, Bothriurus dorbignyi tion types, from true deserts to shrub and grass (Guérin-Méneville 1843) (currently in the genus steppes. Opinions about the number and definition Timogenes Simon 1880) and Bothriurus patagoni- of the patagonian biotopes vary (Cabrera & cus Maury 1968. He also reported and mapped Willink 1973; Soriano 1983; Morrone 2001; several records of two “species (related to) [...] Morrone et al. 2002). (or) possible subspecies” of B. patagonicus, locat- The presence of several species of scorpions in ed north and south of the range of B. patagonicus the extreme south of South America is well known (both indicated as Bothriurus sp. on his map). (Pocock 1898; Mello-Leitão 1931; Maury 1968, Maury (1968: 159) suggested that they could both 1978; Ojanguren Affilastro 2005). The genus Uro- be new species, based on their morphological and phonius Pocock 1893 has at least three species in- ecological differences. However, as a result of the habiting Patagonia: U. granulatus Pocok 1898, U. scarcity of material and of certain morphological eugenicus Mello-Leitão 1931 and U. somuncura gradation with B. patagonicus, he decided not to © Insect Systematics & Evolution (Group 9) 2 Mattoni, C. I. INSECT SYST. EVOL. 38:1 (2007) Fig. 1. Map showing the distribution of Bothriurus pata- gonicus Maury, Bothriurus sanc- taecrucis sp. n., Bothriurus huincul sp. n., Bothriurus sp. from Meseta Somuncurá and Bothriurus burmeisteri Kraepelin. Thick line: country limits; thin line: province limits; contour interval, 500 m. INSECT SYST. EVOL. 38:1 (2007) Bothriurus scorpions from Patagonia 3 consider them taxonomically until having new Santiago, Chile; IADIZA: Instituto Argentino de decisive elements that allow a categorical defini- Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, Mendoza, tion. These forms, and another from the Meseta Argentina. Tissue samples of all the species are Somuncurá (a basaltic plateau in northern Pata- stored (in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen at gonia), were later referred to as members of the -150°C) in the Ambrose Monell Collection for “patagonicus species group”, although without Molecular and Microbial Research (AMCC) at the elucidating the status for the different forms AMNH. (Maury 1979) or only recognizing those coming from Meseta Somuncurá as distinct (Acosta & Abbreviations of descriptive terms. – Carinae on Maury 1998; Acosta 2003). In the recent catalog metasomal segments: DSM = dorsosubmedian; of the Argentinean scorpions, Ojanguren Affilastro DL = dorsolateral; ML = median lateral; VL = (2005) mentioned again the presence of these three ventrolateral; VSM = ventrosubmedian; VM = undescribed species, but without further details. ventromedian. Hemispermatophore: L = distal I have had the opportunity to study some of the lamina; c.d. = distal crest of lamina; r.d.p. = pos- material seen by Maury, in addition to more and terodistal fold; l.i. = internal lobe of capsule; l.b. = better preserved specimens, including some re- basal lobe of capsule; l.e. = external lobe of cap- cently collected in Argentinean Patagonia and sule. Chile. Based on this material, I confirm that the Illustrations were produced using a Leica MS5 different observed forms (Maury 1968; Acosta & stereomicroscope and camera lucida. All measure- Maury 1998; Acosta 2003) correspond to three ments are in mm and were taken using an ocular new species. The three share the presence of one micrometer. The variability values are expressed subdistal tooth on the chelicerae with B. patagoni- as follows: extremes, median ± standard deviation. cus; this is an autapomorphy of the patagonicus Hemispermatophores were dissected from sur- species group (Mattoni 2003). The main goal of rounding tissues and observed in 80% ethanol. The this contribution is to describe two new species, distribution map was generated using ArcMap 9.0 and to add to the knowledge of Bothriurus patag- (Enviromental Systems Research Institute [ESRI], onicus and Bothriurus burmeisteri (from burmeis- Redlands, California). The topographic coverage teri species group, Mattoni 2003; Ojanguren was generated from a digital elevation model file Affilastro 2005). (1 arc degree resolution) from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website (http://edc- daac.usgs.gov:80/gtopo30/gtopo30.asp). The re- Materials and methods cords were georeferenced using a GPS (Garmin® Etrex), with the GeoNet Names Server (GNS, Terminology for general morphology follows http://gnswww.nga.mil/geonames/GNS/index.jsp) Stahnke (1970) and Prendini (2000, 2003a, , or through satellite images using Google Earth® 2003b), except for the terminology for pedipalp v 3.0762 (available at http://earth.google.com). carinae (Francke 1977), and trichobothrial nomen- clature (Vachon 1974). The nomenclature of the hemispermatophore structures follows San Martín Key to the identification of Patagonian (1965) and Acosta (1998); I maintained the abbre- species of Bothriurus viations derived from the names in Spanish, since 1. Chelicerae movable finger with two subdistal they were widely used in the literature. teeth; metasomal carinae strongly developed, with big acute granules (Figs 32, 33) ............... Abbreviations of studied collections. – AMNH: ........................................................... B. burmeisteri American Museum of Natural History, New York, – Chelicerae movable finger with one subdistal USA; UCCC: Universidad de Concepción Colec- tooth (as in Fig. 27); metasomal carinae medi- ciones Científicas, Chile; MACN-Ar: Arachnids um developed, with small blunt granules (Figs 2, 16, 29) ............................................................... 2 collection, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Natu- 2. Hemispermatophore with two apophyses on rales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Ar- the external face of l.i., base of L. narrower gentina; CDA: Cátedra de Diversidad Animal I, than the distal portion (Figs 10-11); surface of Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, sternite VII and metasomal segment I extreme- ly granulous, with VL and VSM carinae irreg- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; ular and discontinued (Fig. 13)...... B. huincul sp. n. MNHS: Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, – Hemispermatophore with one apophysis on the 4 Mattoni, C. I. INSECT SYST. EVOL. 38:1 (2007) Figs 2–8. Bothriurus huincul sp. n. 2–5. Male holotype; 2. Metasomal segments III–V and telson, lateral view; 3. Metasomal segment V, ventral view; 4. Right pedipalp chela and patella, ventromedial view; 5. Right pedipalp chela, external view; 6–8. Female paratype (MACN-Ar); 6. Metasomal segment V and telson, lateral view; 7. Right pedi- palp chela, ventromedial view; 8. Right pedipalp chela, external view. Scale bar = 1 mm. INSECT SYST. EVOL. 38:1 (2007) Bothriurus scorpions from Patagonia 5 Figs 9–13. Bothriurus huincul sp. n. 9–12. Male holotype (MACN-Ar); 9. Pigmentation pattern of metasomal seg- ments IV–V, ventral view (carinae omitted); 10–12. Left hemispermatophore; 10. Internal view; 11. External view; 12. Detail of lobes area, external view; 13. Female paratype (MACN-Ar), sternite VII and metasomal segment I, ven- tral view. Scale bars, 9–11 and 13 = 1 mm; 12 = 0.5mm. external face of l.i. , base of L. as wide as the segment I absent on males, present on females, distal portion (as in Figs 24, 25); ventral sur- poorly developed (Fig. 31); metasomal DSM face of sternite VII and metasomal segment I carinae
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