F Nessuna Mi Ha Mai Detto Di No

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

F Nessuna Mi Ha Mai Detto Di No STORIE DI DONNE Mentre il Vaticano conferma il no alle nozze gay, esce una serie sulla “prima lesbica moderna”, che, in barba ai tabù della sua epoca, si “sposò” due volte di Mariella Boerci Anne Lister nasce a Halifax il 3 aprile 1791. Proprietaria terriera e scrittrice, ci ha lasciato una serie di diari così preziosi da essere inseriti dall’Unesco nel Memory of the World Register. Muore a Kutaisi, Georgia (allora Impero russo), il 22 settembre 1840. Anne Lister MAGES I NESSUNA IL/BRIDGEMAN C MI HA MAI DETTO DI NO CALDERDALE BOROUGH COUN BOROUGH CALDERDALE 139 Accanto, la dimora di Shibden Hall di Anne Lister. Sotto, una scena di Gentleman Jack - Nessuna mi ha mai detto di no, la serie della Bbc in onda dal 26 marzo su LaF (Sky 135) e NowTv. PA Nei panni di Anne, LAMY/I Suranne Jones, 42. A Q!"##$ %!&$ $''()$*%", $#%$ +(,'$ i capelli raccolti in due morbide bande color castagna, all’epoca la poteva indossare soltanto lei, Anne Lister, una Qche si sentiva «fuori dal comune -n dalla culla» e si muoveva con naturalezza in una dimensione a metà tra il femminile e il maschile, lontana dai modelli del tempo. Giocava sulla sua diversità e, nei limiti del possibile, la sbatteva in faccia al mondo: i modi, gli abiti (maschili sopra, femminili sotto), l’atteggiamento: «per la società non sono né uomo né donna». Tanto che a Halifax, nel West Yorkshire, dove era nata il 3 aprile 1791, l’avevano soprannominata “Gentleman Jack”, da Jack-the-lad, più o meno “maschiaccio mascalzone”. Figlia di un uf-ciale militare britannico, Jeremy Lister, e di Rebecca Battle, proprietari terrieri di antico lignaggio, benestanti ma senza grandi disponibilità di denaro, Anne, che era contemporanea delle eroine di carta di Jane Austen, aveva saputo conquistarsi -n da ragazza molte libertà negate alle donne, dalla possibilità di vivere ES apertamente le sue scelte sentimentali e UN VIOLENTO DESIDERIO IMAG sessuali, neppure immaginabile Fin da bambina è stata la scrittura TTY GE all’epoca, a un’istruzione che, ai tempi, la grande passione di Anne. Che era era concessa soltanto ai maschi della diventata incontenibile a 14 anni sua classe sociale, -no alla gestione quando, in collegio, si era trovata a delle -nanze, di una miniera di condividere la stanza con quella che carbone e della tenuta di famiglia. Non sarebbe diventata il suo primo amore: la solo. Lister aveva viaggiato in Francia, bellissima anglo-indiana Eliza Raine. Italia, Belgio e Danimarca Per poter comunicare senza essere ATA RV conquistando, prima donna al mondo, scoperte, avevano messo a punto un il Monte Perdido (3.355 metri) e il codice creato da un mix di lettere Sopra, “le signore di Llangollen”, NE RISE Vignemale (3.298 m), vette fra le più greche, numeri e simboli, che poi Anne IO ovvero Eleanor Butler e Sarah alte dei Pirenei. Per questo è stata avrebbe utilizzato per scrivere un diario Ponsonby, altra notissima coppia RODUZ de-nita dagli studiosi “la prima intimo, il primo di 27 tomi (cinque gay vissuta a cavallo tra ’700 e ’800, frequentata da Anne Lister. © RIP lesbica moderna”. milioni di parole, delle quali 700mila 140 STORIE DI DONNE ES AG N IM Accanto, James dedicate al suo lesbismo), «da rileggere, UN MATRIMONIO TARDIVO EMA Lister (1748- DG I in futuro, magari con un sorriso». Dopo anni di viaggi e gozzovigli 1826), zio di Anne, che le ha lasciato L’appassionata relazione fra le due a spese delle proprie amanti, Lister, la proprietà adolescenti non poteva comunque ormai 40enne, era proprietaria di Shibden Hall. sfuggire agli insegnanti. I quali, di una tenuta che aveva sperato COUNCIL/BR H Sotto, a sinistra, temendo che Anne potesse inutilmente di rinvigorire sviluppando un ritratto di “corrompere” altre ragazze, le avevano la miniera di carbone della proprietà. Anne Lister. A destra, chiesto di lasciare il collegio per qualche Ma era sola, senza denaro e con sua “moglie” tempo. Anne era tornata a Shibden Hall, il desiderio sempre più forte di RDALE BOROUG RDALE DE Ann Walker nella tenuta di famiglia. Annotando sul «un amore stabile ed economicamente AL (1803-1854). C diario: «Non sono riuscita a dormire vantaggioso». questa notte, assalita da un Al ritorno nello Yorkshire aveva violento, doloroso desiderio incontrato Ann Walker, ricca e giovane di una compagna». Quando ereditiera, e aveva cominciato però era stata riammessa a a chiedersi se non fosse lei la donna scuola, aveva iniziato ad del destino. Diciotto mesi dopo, amoreggiare con altre nella chiesa di Goodramgate, la ragazze, incurante del “sposava” (nozze senza valore legale, profondo stato di naturalmente) con tanto di scambio di depressione in cui era anelli, accordi economici e comunione. precipitata Eliza. Un dolore Scriveva Lister: «La signorina W viscerale, tanto da aprirle, e io abbiamo avuto il sacramento. alla !ne, le porte del Ho pregato che la nostra unione possa manicomio. essere felice». Lo fu, alla !ne. Con il suo denaro riuscì a ristrutturare SEXUAL MACHINE Shibden Hall e, insieme, avevano A Alta e sottile, Anne si amava ripreso a viaggiare. Fino a quello c e molto amava sedurre he sarebbe stato il suo viaggio !nale: la LAMY/IP A (quasi sempre donne Russia, dove Anne avrebbe contratto eterosessuali), con una una febbre mortale. compulsività amorosa che la Per oltre cento anni, i suoi diari invischiava in relazioni torride e con – 27 volumi che non raccontano soltanto una serie di donne diverse: «Nessuna nei minimi dettagli i suoi incontri mi ha mai detto di no», si vantava. sessuali e romantici con le donne, ma «Tutte erano sempre felici di tornare a anche i suoi pensieri sulla politica, letto con me». La sua seconda storia l’economia, le attività industriali dello d’amore era stata Mariana Belcombe, la Yorkshire, le tensioni familiari e la prima che aveva simbolicamente società di Halifax – sono rimasti sepolti “sposato”. Per celebrare la loro unione, nella biblioteca di Shibden Hall, dove li scrive, «Mariana ha tagliato i peli al suo aveva lasciati Ann Walker, nascosti sesso e io quelli al mio e, dopo averli dietro un pannello di quercia. È stato baciati, li abbiamo messi nei piccoli John Lister, un discendente della medaglioni che abbiamo acquistato famiglia, a scoprirli alla !ne dell’800. questa mattina, 12 scellini ciascuno, Lui e un suo amico, Arthur Burrell, da indossare sempre sotto i nostri passarono anni a cercare di decodi!care vestiti in mutuo ricordo». Nel 1816, i diari e, quando !nalmente ci il matrimonio di Mariana con il ricco riuscirono, Burrell consigliò a Lister di vedovo Charles Lawton era stato per lei bruciarli. Cosa che, per fortuna, Lister un colpo devastante: «Oh, come ha non fece, limitandosi a rimettere i spezzato per sempre la magia della mia volumi dove li aveva trovati. Fino al fede». Ma durante la luna di miele era 1988, quando è stata pubblicata una scivolata nel letto di Mariana e lì aveva prima parte. Nel 2011, l’Unesco ha Qui sopra, la targa che campeggia scoperto con gioia che l’amata era inserito i diari di Anne nel Memory all’entrata di Shibden Hall. In alto, una pagina dei diari di Anne Lister, pubblicati ancora vergine, perché il marito «era of the World Register, riconoscendole in Italia da Somara! Edizioni con il titolo impotente e sterile», e la loro relazione uno straordinario contributo alla storia Nessuna mi ha mai detto di no (20 euro). era ripresa sotto gli occhi di Charles. dell’omosessualità. 141.
Recommended publications
  • Anne Lister's Use of and Contributions to British Romanticism
    THE CLOSET ROMANTIC: ANNE LISTER’S USE OF AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO BRITISH ROMANTICISM ___________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department English Sam Houston State University ___________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts ___________ by Michelina Olivieri May, 2021 THE CLOSET ROMANTIC: ANNE LISTER’S USE OF AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO BRITISH ROMANTICISM by Michelina Olivieri ___________ APPROVED: Kandi Tayebi, PhD Committee Director Audrey Murfin, PhD Committee Member Evelyn Soto, PhD Committee Member Chien-Pin Li, PhD Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences DEDICATION For Jasmine, who never gave up on me, even when I did. We made it. iii ABSTRACT Olivieri, Michelina, The closet romantic: Anne Lister’s use of and contributions to British romanticism. Master of Arts (English), May, 2021, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas. In this thesis, I explore Anne Lister as a Romantic writer. While much criticism has focused on Lister’s place in queer history, comparatively little has examined her writing itself. Thus, this thesis aims to place Lister’s writings within popular Romantic genres and in conversation with other Romantic writers. Chapter I is an introduction to Anne Lister and the scholarship that has surrounded her since the first collection of her diaries was published in the 1980s and establishes the arguments that will be made in each chapter. In Chapter II, I examine how Lister uses Romantic works and their writers to construct her own personal identity despite her lack of participation in either the written tradition or in the major social movements of the period during her lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Stoically Sapphic: Gentlemanly Encryption and Disruptive Legibility in Adapting Anne Lister
    Stoically Sapphic: Gentlemanly Encryption and Disruptive Legibility in Adapting Anne Lister Sarah E. Maier and Rachel M. Friars (University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada & Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada) Abstract: Anne Lister (1791–1840) was a multihyphenate landowner-gentry-traveller-autodidact- queer-lesbian, a compulsive journal writer who lived through the late-Romantic and well into the Victorian ages. While her journals have proven to be an iconographic artefact for queer and lesbian history, our interest here is in the public adaptations of Lister’s intentionally private writings for twenty-first-century audiences as found in the film The Secret Diaries of Miss Anne Lister (2010) and the television series Gentleman Jack (2019–). Our discussion queries what it means to portray lived queer experience of the nineteenth century, how multimedia translate and transcribe Lister’s works onto screen, as well as how questions of legibility, visibility and ethics inevitably emerge in these processes. Keywords: adaptation, encryption, Gentleman Jack, journals, lesbianism, Anne Lister, queer history, queer visibility, The Secret Diaries of Miss Anne Lister, transcription. ***** Lister ought to tell her own story before anyone interpreted it for her. Hers is, after all, the truly authentic voice of the nineteenth century woman caught up in a dilemma not of her own making. She ought to be allowed to tell it as it was, from her own point of view. (Whitbread 1992: xii) The recent appearance of a woman given the nickname ‘Gentleman Jack’ in a show focused on a queer woman depicts a subject who writes her life into encrypted journals.
    [Show full text]
  • Anne Lister Lesson Plan
    ANNE LISTER Pioneering British Lesbian Landowner and Businesswoman (1791-1840) In an era when women had virtually no voice or power, Anne Lister of Yorkshire, England defied the odds to become what some call the first modern lesbian for her open lifestyle and self-knowledge. Despite being taunted by fellow Halifax residents, who referred to her as “Gentleman Jack,” Lister flouted convention by dressing in black men’s attire and talking part in typically male activities, such as riding and shooting. In 1830, she became the first woman to ascend Mount Perdu in the Pyrenees and several years later completed the official ascent of the Vignelmale, the highest point in the mountain range. Though she conventionally shied away identification with “Sapphists,” she declared in her voluminous 4-million-word diary “I love and in love the fairer sex and thus beloved by them I turn, my heart revolts from any love but theirs.” Obscuring the nature of her affections, the diary incorporated a special code combining Algebra and Ancient Greek to detail her intimate relationships as well as her day to day life as a wealthy “rural gentlemen”—including the operation of her family estate, her business interests, and social and national events. It has also come to be highly prized by historians who value its unique perspective on the experience of lesbians in early 19th-century England. Lister’s first great romance, with Mariana Lawton, ended when Lawton refused to leave her husband. In 1832, she met heiress Anne Walker and the two were “married” in a private declaration of their life-commitment.
    [Show full text]
  • Anne Lister on Gentleman Jack: Queerness, Class, and Prestige in “Quality” Period Dramas
    International Journal of Communication 15(2021), 2397–2417 1932–8036/20210005 The “Gentleman-like” Anne Lister on Gentleman Jack: Queerness, Class, and Prestige in “Quality” Period Dramas EVE NG1 Ohio University, USA This article examines the significance of queerness to class and prestige illustrated by the series Gentleman Jack (BBC/HBO, 2019–present). Although previous scholarship has discussed LGBTQ content and network brands, the development of “quality” television, and the status of period (heritage) drama, there has not been significant consideration about the relationships among all these elements. Based on the life of the 19th-century Englishwoman Anne Lister, Gentleman Jack depicts Lister’s gender and sexual nonconformity—particularly her romantic interactions with women and her mobility through the world—as a charming, cosmopolitan queerness, without addressing how this depended on her elite status. The cachet of GJ’s queer content interacts with both the prestige of the period genre and the BBC’s and HBO’s quality TV brands, with the show illustrating how narratives in “post-heritage” drama can gesture toward critique of class, race, and nationality privileges while continuing to be structured by these hierarchies. This article points to new avenues for theorizing how prestige in television is constructed through the interaction of content, genre, and production contexts. Keywords: BBC television, class representation, HBO, heritage drama, LGBTQ media, period drama, post-heritage drama, quality television, queer representation Gentleman Jack (hereafter GJ), a British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) television series coproduced with Home Box Office (HBO),2 has attracted critical attention for exuberantly depicting how the 19th-century Englishwoman Anne Lister challenged the norms of gender presentation and sexuality as “the first modern lesbian” (Roulston, 2013), with the series taking its title from a derogatory nickname that Lister earned from her masculine appearance and demeanor.
    [Show full text]
  • Dead Ladies Show Music - “Little Lily Swing” by Tri-Tachyon)
    (Dead Ladies Show Music - “Little Lily Swing” by Tri-Tachyon) SUSAN STONE: Welcome to the Dead Ladies Show Podcast, I'm Susan Stone. The Dead Ladies Show celebrates women who achieved impressive things against all odds while they were alive. The show is recorded in front of a delightful audience in Berlin and here on the pod- cast we bring you a special sampling from these events. Dead Ladies Show co-founder Florian Duijsens is here with me today. Hey there! FLORIAN DUIJSENS: Hi! SS: And we have our other co-founder back on stage at our lovely venue ACUD in this episode — translator extraordinaire — the extremely well-shod Katy Derbyshire. Florian, please tell everyone who Katy will be talking about. FD: Katy will be talking about Anne Lister, a person she's excellently placed to talk about, as she has just finished translating one of the first full-length biographies of Anne Lister. Now Anne Lister, as you'll hear very soon, excelled at very many things traditionally thought to be within the purview of men rather than women in Regency-era England, such as business, mountain climbing, seducing scores of women — Anne Lister did it all. She left behind copi- ous coded diaries that provide an unparalleled glimpse into her life and her sexual habits. SS: Indeed. Now, here's Katy to tell us more. KATY DERBYSHIRE (ON TAPE FROM LIVE RECORDING): Yes, here we go. I'm going to talk about Anne Lister, who lived from 1791 to 1840 so —1840 is significant because photography was invented in 1839.
    [Show full text]
  • BG Research Online
    BG Research Online Ulph, C. (2018). ‘Under the existing rules’: Anne Lister and the Halifax Literary and Philosophical Society. Nineteenth-Century Literature. 73(4), 462-485. This is an Accepted Manuscript published by University of California Press in its final form on 1st March 2019 at https://www.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2019.73.4.462. This version may differ slightly from the final published version. Copyright is retained by the author/s and/or other copyright holders. End users generally may reproduce, display or distribute single copies of content held within BG Research Online, in any format or medium, for personal research & study or for educational or other not-for-profit purposes provided that: The full bibliographic details and a hyperlink to (or the URL of) the item’s record in BG Research Online are clearly displayed; No part of the content or metadata is further copied, reproduced, distributed, displayed or published, in any format or medium; The content and/or metadata is not used for commercial purposes; The content is not altered or adapted without written permission from the rights owner/s, unless expressly permitted by licence. For enquiries about BG Research Online email [email protected]. ‘Under the existing rules’: Anne Lister and the Halifax Literary and Philosophical Society The Literary and Philosophical Societies established in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries have been seen, generally speaking, to operate within a masculine model of civic sociability. Davidoff and Hall, for example, observe
    [Show full text]
  • Unesco in England
    UNESCO IN ENGLAND WIDER VALUE of UNESCO to the UK 2 England is home to 101 UNESCO sites and projects as well as a dynamic network of experts working in UNESCO’s fields of competency 55 12 77 48 11 54 75 50 76 85 51 9 34 59 83 49 3 53 6 79 33 44 58 30 5 29 73 46 8 64 78 35 7 52 65 67 41 21 26 63 56 69 16 15 47 42-43 66 80-82 45 36-39 14 68 4 27-28 22 86 13 71 61-62 17-19 20 70 31-32 60 2 84 40 25 1 74 23 24 57 10 72 2 UNESCO Designation No. Names Biosphere Reserves 2 1 Brighton and Lewes Downs 2 North Devon Creative Cities 7 3 Bradford City of Film 4 Bristol City of Film 5 Liverpool City of Music 6 Manchester City of Literature 7 Norwich City of Literature 8 Nottingham City of Literature 9 York City of Media Arts 10 Global Geoparks 2 English Riviera Global Geopark 11 55 North Pennines Global Geopark 12 77 48 12 11 Memory of the World 55 Narrative Created Through Sirkka-Liisa Konttinen’s Photography and 54 75 Programme Amber’s Films (Amber Collective) 13 The Roman Curse Tablets from Bath (Bath & North East Somerset Council) 50 14 Appeal of 18 June 1940 (BBC Sound Archives) 15 Cura Pastoralis of Gregory (Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford) 76 85 51 9 Manuscript Collection of Shota Rustaveli’s Poem “Knight in the Panther’s 34 Skin” (Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford) 59 83 49 3 The Gough Map (Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford) 16 53 GPO Film Unit collection, 1933-1940 (British Film Institute) 6 Hitchcock’s Silent Films (British Film Institute) 79 33 Peter Worden Collection of Mitchell and Kenyon Films (British
    [Show full text]
  • Filming, Including James a Remarkable Woman; a Landowner, Business Woman, Norton Who Proved a Popular and Delightful Guest Diarist, Mountaineer, Traveller and Lesbian
    HAPPY VALLEY GENTLEMAN JACK Sally Wainwright's other BAFTA-winning series, Starring Suranne Jones, Sophie Rundle, Gemma Happy Valley, was also filmed in the surrounding Rundle, Gemma Jones, Timothy West and Rhodri the area and starred Sarah Lancashire and James Deerhound, the BBC/HBO costume drama is based on Norton, Siobhan Finneran, Steve Pemberton the life of Anne Lister (1791 - 1840) of Shibden Hall, and George Costigan. Several actors stayed at around three miles from Holdsworth House. Lister was Holdsworth House during filming, including James a remarkable woman; a landowner, business woman, Norton who proved a popular and delightful guest diarist, mountaineer, traveller and lesbian. Anne kept - thankfully nothing like his on-screen character diaries of around five million words – three times Tommy! the length of Samuel Pepys’ diary – chronicling her daily life. Approximately one sixth of Anne’s diaries THE PLOT are written in code, self-invented and referred to as Catherine Cawood is a strong-willed police her ‘crypt hand’. The coded entries describe Anne’s sergeant in West Yorkshire. Catherine is struggling deepest emotions, private affairs and her relationships to cope with her daughter’s death and just as she with a number of women. Anne chose to always dress seems to be getting her life back together she in black, presenting an unusual sight around Halifax. spots Tommy Lee Royce, the man she believes How she dressed and conducted herself led to her responsible for her daughter’s suicide. She becomes derogatory nickname ‘Gentleman Jack’. obsessed with finding Royce, unaware that he is involved in a kidnapping, where things slide quickly Anne's diary entries are brought to our screens in out of control.
    [Show full text]
  • Queer Subjectivities, Closeting and Non- Normative Desire in Nineteenth-Century Women’S Poetry and Life Writing
    QUEER SUBJECTIVITIES, CLOSETING AND NON- NORMATIVE DESIRE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY WOMEN’S POETRY AND LIFE WRITING CAROLINE BAYLIS-GREEN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Manchester Metropolitan University for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English Manchester Metropolitan University December 2015 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the wonderful folk of the Granite City and Aberdeenshire. As Dorothy clicking her ruby baffies might have said, ‘Aire nae placie like hame!’ 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Chapter One……………………………………………………………………………………………………..45 The Curious Case of Anne Lister’s Journals Chapter Two……………………………………………………………………………………………………..97 Beyond Binary? Emily Brontë’s Resistant Poetics Chapter Three………………………………………………………………………………………………...147 Christina Rossetti and Adelaide Anne Procter: Poetry’s Strange Reserve Chapter Four…………………………………………………………………………………………………..198 Failed Closets & Awkward Subcultures in the Writing of Michael Field & Amy Levy Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………….268 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………….........276 Appendix One: Joshua Horner C. (1830), Anne Lister……………………………………….302 Appendix Two: Unknown C. (1850), Haworth Parsonage……………………………….303 Appendix Three: Emily Brontë (1837), Diary Paper………………………………………….304 Appendix Four: Charles Auguste Mengin (1877), Sappho………………………………..305 Appendix
    [Show full text]
  • The Other Anne Lister
    J G R HARDING The Other Anne Lister The portrait of Anne Lister by the Halifax artist Joshua Horner painted around 1830. (Alamy) ast year marked the centenary of the end of the First World War. It was Lalso the year British women, at least those over the age of 30, won the right to vote. This prompted me to reflect on the mountaineering careers of remarkable women whose paths I have crossed but whose climbing achieve- ments are scarcely remembered. First among them is Anne Lister, the Hali- fax landowner and adventurer now familiar to millions thanks to Sunday night television. The BBC ‘discovered’ Anne Lister (1791-1840) with its 234 512j The Alpine Journal 2019_Inside.indd 234 27/09/2019 10:57 T HE O T HER A NNE L IS T ER 235 2010 documentary The Secret Diaries of Anne Lister and made her famous with Sally Wainwright’s 2019 corset-busting drama Gentleman Jack, turning this swashbuckling, unabashed Regency lesbian and pioneer of women’s liberation into a celebrity. Less familiar to a BBC audience is her astonishing role as one of the pioneers of alpinism. Anne Lister’s tumultuous life would have remained obscure had she not committed it to her immense diary, comprising four million words and fill- ing 24 leather-bound diaries. These preserve an invaluable social, cultural and economic record of Regency Halifax where, as chatelaine of Shibden Hall, the Lister family’s ancestral home, Anne played a leading role as land- owner, estate manager, landscape designer, scientist and writer. They also record in a secret code intimate details of her sexual conquests.
    [Show full text]
  • Staffing the Big House: Country House Domestic Service in Yorkshire, 1800-1903
    i Staffing the Big House: Country House Domestic Service in Yorkshire, 1800-1903 By Carina McDowell Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in History University of Ottawa © Carina McDowell, Ottawa, Canada, 2012 ii Abstract: Staffing the Big House: Country House Domestic Service in Yorkshire, 1800-1903. Carina McDowell Supervisor: Dr. Béatrice Craig Submitted 2011 This thesis examines domestic service practises among some members of the Yorkshire gentry during the nineteenth century. Historians usually consider the gentry to have shared the same social outlooks and practises as other members of the upper class in spite of significant differences in income and political power. However, as they were less well-to-do, they could not afford to maintain the variety of servants a wealthy aristocrat could. Three main families were selected to reflect the range of incomes and possession or lack thereof of a hereditary title: the Listers of Shibden Hall, the Sykes of Sledmere House and the Pennymans of Ormesby Hall. The Yorkshire gentry organised country houses servants along the same hierarchical lines as prescriptive authors suggested because this gave servants clear paths for promotion which reduced the frequency of staff turnover; furthermore the architecture of their country houses promoted such organization. Secondly, this architecture reinforced the domestic social positions of every rung of the domestic hierarchy. As part of a unique subgroup of the upper class, gentry ladies were less likely to experience class conflict with servants clearly placed within the domestic service hierarchy. The conclusion is that through selective recruitment processes, the distinctive work environment and a particular labour pool, this group created a unique labour market tailored to their social and economic standing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extraordinary Life of Miss Anne Lister
    Performance Script [HELENA walks in, sits on chair, gets comfortable and opens book] HELENA WHITBREAD: Good day, my name is Helena Whitbread. I have worked for years translating and reading Miss Lister’s coded diaries to make it possible for the public to share in her extraordinary life. As I’m sure you can tell, I’ve got quite a fascination with the woman: she repelled societal gender barriers (dressing on the masculine side of fashion and dating women) and near the end of her life, she independently owned Shibden Hall. So today I am proud to present this plaque to the extraordinary Miss Lister of Shibden Hall, as a commemoration of her life as a lesbian diarist, who sealed her union with her significant other here today 186 years ago. [unveils plaque on wall, turns back around and smiles] Now, let’s travel back to 19th century England to a town called Halifax where her story began. Anne Lister was born on the 3rd of April 1791 to her parents Jeremy Lister and Rebecca Battle. [ANNE LISTER enters holding her diary and sits down in the chair she opens it and starts to write in it] HELENA WHITBREAD CONT: She had four brothers and one sister but only Anne and her sister Marian survived past 20 years of age. This left Anne being the eldest child in the family. Anne started writing diaries in 1806 when she was 15 years old. In them we learn that this was the year after she was sent to boarding school where she met her first love, Eliza Raine.
    [Show full text]