Horn River Basin Unconventional Gas Play Atlas JUNE 2014 | BC Oil and Gas Commission About the BC Oil and Gas Commission

The BC Oil and Gas Commission (Commission) is the single-window regulatory agency with responsibilities for regulating oil and gas activities in , Purpose of Report including exploration, development, pipeline transportation and reclamation. Table of Contents Horn River Basin Unconventional Play Atlas The Commission’s core services include reviewing and assessing applications for About the BC Oil and Gas Commission 2 industry activity, consulting with First Nations, cooperating with partner agencies, and The Commission’s regulatory role includes understanding the impacts and distribution of the ensuring industry complies with provincial legislation and all regulatory requirements. and petroleum resource base in the province. Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas 3 The public interest is protected by ensuring public safety, respecting those affected by Background 4 oil and gas activities, conserving the environment, and ensuring equitable participation This report includes regional mapping of the Muskwa, Otter Park and Evie Formations within the Unconventional Gas in the Horn River Basin 4 in production. Horn River Basin (HRB).

Geology for Horn River Basin 5 For additional information regarding this report please contact: The series of maps were derived from non-confidential well and core data to aid in the Reservoir Characteristics 6 delineation and distribution of these formations within northeast British Columbia. Each map in June Barker this report links to a larger map available online at www.bcogc.ca. Drilling And Completions 6 Senior Petroleum Geologist Water Usage and Disposal 6 [email protected] Regional Cross Sections 7 250-419-4400 Maps Commission Mission 1: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pool Designation Areas 9 We regulate oil and gas activities for the benefit of British Columbians. Figure 1: Unconventional Gas Play Trends of NE British Columbia 2: Horn River Basin: Evie Pool Designation Areas 10 We achieve this by: 3: Horn River Basin: Top Muskwa Structure 11 • Protecting public safety, • Respecting those affected by oil and gas activities, 4: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Isopach 12 • Conserving the environment, and 5: Horn River Basin: Evie Isopach 13 • Supporting resource development. 6: Horn River Basin: Otter Park Marl Isopach 14 Through the active engagement of our stakeholders and partners, we provide fair and timely decisions within our regulatory framework. 7: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Evie Total Net Pay 15 We support opportunities for employee growth, recognize individual and group 8: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Temperature 16 contributions, demonstrate accountability at all levels, and instill pride and confidence 9: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Temperature Gradient 17 in our organization. 10: Horn River Basin: Evie Temperature 18 We serve with a passion for excellence. 11: Horn River Basin: Evie Temperature Gradient 19 Vision 12: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pressure 20 To be the leading oil and gas regulator in . 13: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pressure Gradient 21 Values

14: Horn River Basin: Evie Pressure 22 Respectful 15: Horn River Basin: Evie Pressure Gradient 23 Fort Nelson Accountable 16: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park TOC 24 Effective Fort St. John 17: Horn River Basin: Evie TOC 25 Efficient Dawson Creek 18: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park CO2 Per Cent 26 Responsive 19: Horn River Basin: Evie CO2 Per Cent 27 Transparent Kelowna

Victoria

BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 3 Background Geology for Horn River Basin Unconventional Gas in the Horn River Basin The Horn River Basin is an unconventional shale play targeting Figure 2: Horn River Basin Production History Figure 4: Horn River Basin Geology dry gas from mid- aged over pressured of the The Horn River Basin encompasses approximately 1.1 million Muskwa, Otter Park and Evie Formations. The Horn River Basin hectares of land in northeastern British Columbia, north of Fort is confined to the west by the Bovie Lake Fault Zone and to the Nelson and south of the border. Natural gas East and South by the time equivalent Devonian Carbonate Barrier exploration and development occurring in the Horn River Basin Complex. Stratigraphically, the organic rich siliciclastic Muskwa, over the past few years has been unconventional in nature. The Otter Park and Evie shales of the Horn River group are overlain by advent of horizontal drilling combined with multi-stage hydraulic the Fort Simpson shale and underlain by the Keg River platform fracturing increased interest in unlocking the potential of shale gas. carbonates. Prior to 2005, operators were targeting Devonian pinnacle reefs, with the basinal shales then considered a seal and source rock for The Evie Shale consists of dark grey to black, organic rich, pyritic, gas. After 2005, operators began applying horizontal drilling and variably calcareous and siliceous shale. This shale exhibits multi-stage technology from the analogous relatively high gamma ray readings and high resistivity on well in Texas to investigate economic recovery in the Horn logs. The unit is at its thickest immediately west of the barrier reef River Basin. complex, generally thinning westward towards the Bovie Lake Fault Structure. Production in the Horn River Basin has been steadily increasing as shown in Figure 2. As of December 31, 2012, the Horn River The Otter Park Shale thickens considerably in the southeast Basin represented 28 per cent (11.1 tcf) of the province’s remaining corner of the Basin, characterized by increasingly argillaceous and recoverable raw gas reserves. In 2012, 0.15 tcf was produced from calcareous facies. Limestone marls were deposited at the expense the Muskwa-Otter Park and Evie Formations, accounting for 10 of shale. The unit thins to the north and west, exhibiting higher per cent of total production in the province. By December 2013, gamma ray readings. daily gas production reached 580 mmcf per calendar day from 203 producing wells. The Muskwa Shale consists of grey to black, organic rich, pyritic, siliceous shale, and is also characterized by high gamma ray As of December 2013, 291 horizontal and 78 vertical wells have readings and high resistivity on well logs. A gradational contact been drilled across the Horn River Basin targeting shale gas. The Figure 3: Daily Production Split for Northeast British Columbia (December 2013) Figure 5: Horn River Basin Pool Designation Areas exists between the overlying silt-rich shale of the Fort Simpson play concept has extended several kilometres south and east of Formation. Generally, the Muskwa Formation thickens westward the pre-existing production as a result of 2012/13 drilling activity. Denotes wells drilled and the pool designation areas (PDAs) for the Muskwa-Otter towards the Bovie Lake Structure. This shale thins and extends A considerable quantity of well data, held confidential under the Park (Blue outlines) and Evie (Green outlines). over the top of the barrier reef complex and continues eastward terms of Special Project Innovative Technology approvals, is now into Alberta, stratigraphically equivalent to the Duvernay Shale. publicly available. Muskwa and Otter Park formations were mapped in combination and analyzed as one interval. From a geomechanical perspective, the Muskwa and Otter Park Formations are considered as one flow unit after hydraulic fracturing with few barriers to fracture propagation. The Evie formation was evaluated and mapped as a separate unit. Mapping completed thus far has defined areas of reservoir variability within the Basin, particularly within the Otter Park Formation. Net Pay values mapped for each interval were derived from qualitative analysis of available open hole logs and should be considered estimates only. In general, gas pay is identified by increasing gamma ray, resistivity and density values and decreasing neutron response.

4 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 5 Regional Cross Sections Reservoir Characteristics A general range of reservoir parameters is provided in the Table 1: Horn River Shale Reservoir Parameters Regional Cross Section A - Maxhamish to Snake

200/c-001-L 094-O-15/00 200/b-055-B 094-O-15/00 200/a-076-F 094-O-09/02 200/c-015-G 094-O-09/00 200/a-029-B 094-O-09/00 200/c-100-G 094-O-08/00 200/c-089-G 094-O-08/00 200/d-085-G 094-O-08/00 200/a-045-G 094-O-08/00 200/d-094-A 094-O-08/00 200/d-099-I 094-O-01/00 200/b-052-I 094-O-01/00 200/d-020-F 094-J-16/00 following Table 1. A <=18243.5m=> <=26655.6m=> <=9099.9m=> <=8986.0m=> <=12054.5m=> <=1166.6m=> <=3147.1m=> <=4503.9m=> <=8857.3m=> <=9760.6m=> <=6058.6m=> <=44963.0m=> A'

24059 24574 25511 22518 22556 22526 24355 24325 24973 23498 25743 26613 26006

HCAL (MM) RHOZ (K/M3) NPOR (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) DPHI_LIM (V/V) DPHI_LIM (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) NPHI (PU) HNPO_LIM (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) NPRL (PERC) CNCLS (PU) PZLS (pu) DPHI_LIM (V/V) 125.00 375.00 2000.00 3000.00 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00 45.00 -15.00 45.00 -15.00 0.45 -0.15

GR (GAPI) TNPH (V/V) GR_S (GAPI) DPHI (V/V) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) HSGR (GAPI) NPOR_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) NPOR_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) GR (API) DPHI (PU) HGR (GAPI) HDPH_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) GRGC (GAPI) DPRL (PERC) GR (GAPI) PZLS (PU) GR (gAPI) CNCLS (pu) GR_EDTC (GAPI) NPOR_LIM (V/V) 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 2350

RESERVOIR DATA 2400 2500

Due to the depth and corresponding high temperature and 2400 2650

Depth Range 1,900-3,100m 2650 2950 2250 Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa2350 Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa pressure of the Muskwa, Otter Park and Evie shale formations, 2400 2000 2200 Gross Thickness 140-280m 2500 2400 2450

the recoverable gas is sweet dry gas, >87 per cent methane, with 2550 Dotterprk Limestone_Marl Dotterprk TOC Range 1-5% Dotterprk 2450 2700 2700

trace amounts of ethane, (0.2 per cent) and heavier hydrocarbon 3000 2300 2400

Dotterprk Porosity 3-6% 2450 LIMESTONE MARL Dotterprk Dotterprk Dotterprk 2050

Dotterprk 2250 2550 Dotterprk Dotterprk components, C3+, (<0.1 per cent). The majority of gas analyses Dotterprk Dotterprk Dotterprk 2450 2500

Water Saturation 25% 2600 show no H S, or very low levels, with slightly higher values in the

2 2500 2750 2750

Pressure 20-53MPa 3050 2350 2450 Limestone_Marl

Evie. CO content in the recoverable gas averages 10 per cent 2500 2 Dsulp_pt

Limestone_Marl 2100 2300 Dsulp_pt Limestone_Marl2600 LIMESTONE MARL Limestone_Marl Pressure Regime Normal-Over Pressure Dsulp_pt Limestone_Marl Dsulp_pt Devie Dklua 2500

in the Muskwa-Otter Park formations and 12 per cent in the Evie 2550 Dsulp_pt

Devie 2650

Limestone_Marl Devie Limestone_Marl Temperature 80-160ºC Dkeg_rv_L Devie 2550 Dsulp_pt 2800 Devie

formation, and generally increases with depth in the Basin. The 2800 Limestone_Marl Limestone_Marl 3100 Dsulp_pt Dsulp_pt 2400 2500 Dsulp_pt Devie 2550 TVDMUSKWA Dsulp_pt Dkeg_rv Dsulp_pt Devie 2150 2350 average values and range of components typically found in Horn 2650 Devie Dkeg_rv_L Dkeg_rv Devie

TD 3122.0m Dkeg_rv A Devie Devie 94-N-15 A 94-P-16 94-N-16 94-O 14 94-P-15 -13 94-O-14 94-O-15 94-O-16 94-P-13 94-P-

GR (GAPI) TNPH (V/V) 2550 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 Dkeg_rv_L Devie 2600

94-N-10 94-P-9 94-N-9 94-O 11 94-P-10 HCAL (MM) RHOZ (K/M3) -12 94-O-11 94-O-10 94-O-9 94-P-12 94-P- 125.00 375.00 2000.00 3000.00 2700

94-N-7 94-P-8 River gas are summarized in Table 2. 94-N-8 94-P-7 6 Dkeg_rv 94-O-5 94-O-6 94-O-7 94-O-8 94-P-5 94-P- Dkeg_rv 2600

94-N-2 94-P-1 94-N-1 94-P-2 2850 Dkeg_rv 94-O-4 94-O-3 94-O-2 94-O-1 94-P-4 94-P-3 2850

94-K-15 94-I-16 94-K-16 94-J 4 94-I-15 -13 94-J-14 94-J-15 94-J-16 94-I-13 94-I-1 Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv A' A' 2450 Dkeg_rv 2550

94-K-10 94-I-9 94-K-9 94-J 1 94-I-10 GR_S (GAPI) DPHI (V/V) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) HSGR (GAPI) NPOR_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) NPOR_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) GR (API) DPHI (PU) HGR (GAPI) HDPH_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) GRGC (GAPI) DPRL (PERC) GR (GAPI) PZLS (PU) GR (gAPI) CNCLS (pu) GR_EDTC (GAPI) NPOR_LIM (V/V) -12 94-J-11 94-J-10 94-J-9 94-I-12 94-I-1 2600 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15

NPOR (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) DPHI_LIM (V/V) DPHI_LIM (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) NPHI (PU) HNPO_LIM (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) NPRL (PERC) CNCLS (PU) PZLS (pu) DPHI_LIM (V/V) 1 : 2487831

1:600 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00 45.00 -15.00 45.00 -15.00 0.45 -0.15

HORN RIVER BASIN Drilling And Completions Regional Cross Section A - A' Maxhamish to Snake Date : 2014/02/13 By : J.Barker Datum : Dmuskwa Scale = 1:600 Table 2: Horn River Gas Composition, Mole Percentage Interval : From Dmuskwa to Dkeg_rv_L Advancements in horizontal well technology and hydraulic fracturing were key to unlocking the reserves in the HRB. Up to 16 GAS COMPOSITION, Avg (Min-Max) % Muskwa-Otter Evie horizontal wells per pad have been drilled, receiving multi-stage Park slickwater fracture programs with 18 fracture stages, 64,000 m3 of Methane (C ) 89 (71-95) 87 (75-98) 1 Regional Cross Section B - Evie/Snake to Gunnell Creek water and 3,700 T of sand on average, based on stats for 130 wells Ethane (C2) 0.2 (0.01-3) 0.2 (0.01-7) 200/d-079-L 094-J-15/00 200/b-049-B 094-O-02/00 200/a-100-G 094-O-02/00 200/b-014-D 094-O-07/00 200/d-047-J 094-O-02/00 200/b-060-L 094-O-01/00 200/a-050-C 094-O-08/00 200/a-006-J 094-O-01/00 200/a-027-I 094-O-01/00 200/b-056-C 094-P-05/00 200/d-079-B 094-P-05/00 completed between 2010-2012. Microseismic monitoring is used B <=15194.4m=> <=13614.2m=> <=15286.7m=> <=13922.5m=> <=11589.7m=> <=11210.8m=> <=16242.5m=> <=6907.7m=> <=18841.3m=> <=5749.1m=> B' NGLs (C3+) 0.05 (0-4) 0.07 (0-4) 24779 26614 25684 25862 24418 24513 26588 26615 26663 03700 03422 DPHI_LIM (V/V) CNCLS (pu) NPOR_LIM (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) PZLS (PU) PZLS (PU) NPOR_LIM (M3/M3) PZLS (frac) PZLS (frac) 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00 45.00 -15.00 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15

GR (GAPI) TNPH_LIM (V/V) GR (gAPI) PZLS (pu) GR_EDTC (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) HSGR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) CNCLS (PU) GR (GAPI) CNCLS (PU) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (M3/M3) GR (gAPI) CNCLS (frac) GR (gAPI) CNCLS (frac) 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 2100 2150 2050

extensively in the HRB to identify faults, optimize fracture design 2200 2200

CO 10 (4-22) 12 (0-19) 2150 2250 2 2050

Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dmuskwa 2100

and study fracture growth. To date, the overlying Ft. Simpson shale 2300

H S 0 (0-0.1) 0.07 (0-0.1) 2250 2150

2 2200

2100 Dotterprk Dslave_pt 2250

2250 Dotterprk Dotterprk2200 2300 2100 has been demonstrated to be a highly effective fracture barrier. Dotterprk Dotterprk Dotterprk Dotterprk Dotterprk

Dotterprk 2150 2350 2300 2200

Dotterprk 2250

Limestone_Marl2150 2300 2300 2250 2350 2150 LIMESTONE MARL Limestone_Marl The horizontal leg of each well is commonly cemented with casing Limestone_Marl LIMESTONE MARL 2200 2400 Limestone_Marl 2350 Limestone_Marl 2250 2300

2200 Dsulp_pt

Devie 2350 2350 2300 2400 and a “perf and plug” technique used to initiate fractures, starting 2200 Limestone_Marl Limestone_Marl TD 2217.0m GR (GAPI) TNPH_LIM (V/V) Limestone_Marl TD 2240.3m Devie Limestone_Marl Devie 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15

DPHI_LIM (V/V) Devie Devie 2450 0.45 -0.15 Devie Limestone_Marl 2400 Dsulp_pt

at the toe of the well and proceeding to the heel. Each hydraulic 2300 Dsulp_pt 2350 Dsulp_pt

Dsulp_pt 2400 2400

Dkeg_rv 2350 Devie 2450 2250 Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv Devie Devie Devie fracture stage is isolated with bridge plugs and receives multiple Dkeg_rv TD 2382.7m TD 2496.0m Dkeg_rv HSGR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) Dkeg_rv

TD 2343.0m 2450 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 GR_EDTC (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 NPOR_LIM (V/V) 0.45 -0.15 2450

NPOR_LIM (V/V) 2450 0.45 -0.15 2400

2500 94-N-15 94 -N-16 94-O 4 94-P-15 -13 94-O-14 94-O-15 94-O-16 94-P-13 94-P-1 perforations prior to pumping the stage. Once all the stages are 2300 TD 2301.6m TD 2506.0m GR (gAPI) PZLS (pu) GR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (M3/M3) 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 94-N-10 94-N-9 -10 94-O-12 94-P-11 94-P 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 94-O-11 94-O-10 94-O-9 94-P-12 CNCLS (pu) 45.00 -15.00 NPOR_LIM (M3/M3)

94-N-7 0.45 -0.15 94-N-8 94-P-7 94-O Table 3: Horn River Shale Drilling and Completions (2010-2012) -5 94-O-6 94-O-7 94-O-8 94-P-5 94-P-6 TD 2483.0m B' complete, the bridge plugs are drilled out and the fracture water is 2500 GR (GAPI) CNCLS (PU) TD 2490.5m

0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 94-N-2 94 -N-1 9 O 94-P-2 TD 2510.5m GR (gAPI) CNCLS (frac) 4- -4 94-O-3 94-O-2 94-O-1 94-P-4 94-P-3 PZLS (PU) 0.00 300.00 0.45 -0.15 GR (GAPI) CNCLS (PU) B 45.00 -15.00 TD 2450.8m2450 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 PZLS (frac) 94-K-15 94- 94-I-15 K-16 94-J-13 94-I-14 94-J-14 94-J-15 94-J-16 94-I-13 GR (gAPI) CNCLS (frac) 0.45 -0.15 PZLS (PU) 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00

94-K-10 PZLS (frac) 94- -10 K-9 94- 94-I-11 94-I J-12 94-J-11 94-J-10 94-J-9 94-I-12 flowed back to surface. On average, 40 per cent of fracture water 1 : 2618147 0.45 -0.15 DRILLING DATA 1:1200

is flowed back to surface on clean up and production, with the HORN RIVER BASIN Wells/pad Up to 16 Regional Cross Section B - B' Evie/Snake to Gunnell Creek majority recycled. Date : 2014/02/13 By : J.Barker Datum : Dmuskwa Scale = 1:1200 Well Spacing 100 - 600m, avg 300m Interval : From Dmuskwa to Dkeg_rv_L HZ Length Up to 3,100m, avg ~1,500m To date, the majority of wells in the HRB are completed through Wellbore Cased casing (95 per cent), with open hole completions conducted in five COMPLETION DATA per cent of wells. The fracture fluid is predominately slickwater, with Regional Cross Section C - Maxhamish to Petitot N2 gas, an energizer, used in a few wells. Frac Type Perf and Plug Frac Fluid Slickwater 200/d-012-L 094-O-15/00 200/b-058-H 094-O-15/00 200/c-054-D 094-O-16/00 200/c-015-B 094-O-16/00 200/a-088-B 094-O-16/00 200/d-070-F 094-O-16/00 200/a-001-K 094-O-16/00 200/a-031-G 094-O-16/00 200/a-064-H 094-O-16/00 C <=17477.6m=> <=13348.3m=> <=13704.3m=> <=6291.0m=> <=11427.3m=> <=7062.4m=> <=9432.0m=> <=5498.9m=> C'

21643 05546 25282 25714 05512 26777 26767 28460 05731 Frac Stages Up to 31, avg 18 NPHI_LIM (V/V) NPLS (V/V) NPOR_LIM (V/V) PZLS (pu) PZLS (pu) 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 0.45 -0.15 45.00 -15.00 45.00 -15.00

HSGR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) GR (GAPI) DPLS (V/V) HSGR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) GR (gAPI) CNCLS (pu) GR (gAPI) CNCLS (pu) Water Usage and Disposal 3 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 2350 2550

Pump Rate 8 - 16 m /min 2100 2700

3 2450 Dmuskwa

Water/well avg 64,000 m 2550 2450 Dmuskwa 2900

The eastern flank of the HRB contains favorable Mississippian 2300 Dmuskwa 2400

2600 Dmuskwa Sand/well avg 3,700 T Dmuskwa Dmuskwa 2150 strata (Debolt formation) for sourcing and disposing of water Dmuskwa 2750 2500 Dmuskwa Dmuskwa Dotterprk 2600 2500

necessary for large scale hydraulic fracture operations. 2950 Dotterprk Dotterprk 2350 2450

2650 Dotterprk Dotterprk Dotterprk

Dotterprk 2200 Dotterprk

Mississippian sourced water in the Horn River area is non-potable 2800 2550

Dsulp_pt Dsulp_pt 2650 (15,000 – 40,000 mg/l total dissolved solids) and significantly 2550 Dotterprk3000 2400

Dsulp_pt 2500 2700 Dsulp_pt Dsulp_pt Dsulp_pt reduces the demand for usable water from other sources. This 2250 Dsulp_pt 2850 Devie 2600 Dsulp_pt Devie Devie Devie Devie Devie Dsulp_pt Devie 2700 extensive deep subsurface Debolt regional aquifer essentially 2600 3050

Devie 2450 Devie 2550 allows source/disposal recycling of fracture water. 2750 2300

Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv2900 Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv Dkeg_rv 2650 2750 2650

TD 3101.2m3100 2500 HSGR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 2600 NPHI_LIM (V/V) 2800 TD 2944.5m 0.45 -0.15 2350 GR (GAPI) DPLS (V/V) Dchinchga 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 2700 NPLS (V/V) TD 2623.0m 0.45 -0.15

TD 2700.0m 2800 HSGR (GAPI) DPHI_LIM (V/V) TD 2807.0m 0.00 150.00 0.45 -0.15 2550 GR (gAPI) CNCLS (pu) NPOR_LIM (V/V) 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00

2850 0.45 -0.15 PZLS (pu)

45.00 -15.00 2400 2750 2600

TD 2609.0m C

94-N-15 C' 94-P-16 2900 94-N-16 4 94-P-15 94-O-13 94-O-14 94-O-15 94-O-16 94-P-13 94-P-1 GR (gAPI) CNCLS (pu) Dchnchn_L 0.00 150.00 45.00 -15.00 2450

94-N-10 94-P-9 94-N -10 Dchinchga -9 94-O-12 94-P-11 94-P Dchinchga PZLS (pu) 94-O-11 94-O-10 94-O-9 94-P-12

2800 45.00 -15.00

94-N-7 94-P-8 94-N-8 94-P-7 94-O-5 94-O-6 94-O-7 94-O-8 94-P-5 94-P-6

94-N-2 94-P-1 94-N-1 94-P-2 94-O-4 94-O-3 94-O-2 94-O-1 94-P-4 94-P-3 TD 2482.5m

94-I-16 94-K-16 94-I-15 94-J-13 94-J-14 94-J-15 94-J-16 94-I-13 94-I-14

94-I-9 94-K-9 94-I-10 94-J-12 94-J-11 94-J-10 94-J-9 94-I-12 94-I-11

1 : 3015053 1:1200

HORN RIVER BASIN Regional Cross Section C - C' Maxhamish to Petitot Date : 2013/12/19 By : J.Barker Datum : Dkeg_rv Scale = 1:1200 Interval : From Dmuskwa to Dkeg_rv_L

6 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 7 Map 1: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pool Designation Areas

Table of Maps

1: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pool Designation Areas 9 2: Horn River Basin: Evie Pool Designation Areas 10 3: Horn River Basin: Top Muskwa Structure 11 4: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Isopach 12 5: Horn River Basin: Evie Isopach 13 6: Horn River Basin: Otter Park Marl Isopach 14 7: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Evie Total Net Pay 15 8: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Temperature 16 9: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Temperature Gradient 17 10: Horn River Basin: Evie Temperature 18 11: Horn River Basin: Evie Temperature Gradient 19 12: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pressure 20 13: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pressure Gradient 21 14: Horn River Basin: Evie Pressure 22 15: Horn River Basin: Evie Pressure Gradient 23 16: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park TOC 24 17: Horn River Basin: Evie TOC 25 18: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park CO2 Per Cent 26 For a larger version of any of the maps, click on the map in this report and it will bring 2 up a version 19: Hornon the River Commission Basin: Evie website.CO Per Cent All maps are located at ftp://ftp.bcogc.ca/27 outgoing/OGC_Data/Geology_and_Engineering/horn_river_play_atlas_maps/

8 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 9 Map 2: Horn River Basin: Evie Pool Designation Areas Map 3: Horn River Basin: Top Muskwa Structure

10 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 11 Map 4: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Isopach Map 5: Horn River Basin: Evie Isopach

12 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 13 Map 6: Horn River Basin: Otter Park Marl Isopach Map 7: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Evie Total Net Pay

14 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 15 Map 8: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Temperature Map 9: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Temperature Gradient

16 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 17 Map 10: Horn River Basin: Evie Temperature Map 11: Horn River Basin: Evie Temperature Gradient

18 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 19 Map 12: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pressure Map 13: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park Pressure Gradient

20 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 21 Map 14: Horn River Basin: Evie Pressure Map 15: Horn River Basin: Evie Pressure Gradient

22 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 23 Map 16: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park TOC Map 17: Horn River Basin: Evie TOC

24 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 25 Map 18: Horn River Basin: Muskwa Otter Park CO2 Per Cent Map 19: Horn River Basin: Evie CO2 Per Cent

26 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 BC Oil and Gas Commission | Horn River Basin Unconventional Shale Gas Play Atlas | June 2014 27