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Class, Identity Politics and Disavowal

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Class, Identity Politics and Disavowal NEWS, ANALYSIS, OPINION FOR THE PSYCHOANALYTIC COMMUNITY ISSUE 26 ANUTUM 2018 Where are we with Identity in the Light Gabrielle Rifkind on Culture, Race and Sexual and Gender of #metoo Conflict Resolution Language in the 8 Diversity? 12 18 22 Consulting Room egregious misrecognitions, often on the and often have, excluded working class grounds of inadequate understandings of people from its domain, or that fail to Class, Identity Politics the far reaching effects on individuals of social forces and dominant ideologies, and/ Continues on page 2 or because of particular theoretical views and Disavowal (e.g. the rendering of all homosexuality as perversion or immature). With class, the By Joanna Ryan issues are also those of distribution and resources, who can afford financially to undertake either psychoanalytic lass is a highly contested, especially in the areas of gender, sexuality therapy or training. But complex and elusive concept. and race, with class notably absent. questions of In addressing class in relation misrecognition also to psychoanalysis – both These identity based critiques are often arise in the cultural theoryC and practice – I have drawn on contestations with theory and practice and class values a variety of sources to understand the that is, or was, oblivious of its own that psychoanalysis many ways in which class is at play in biases, exclusions, and blind spots, and is seen to embody the profession, whether acknowledged or its unreflective enactments of particular and enact, not. I have also drawn on my experiences socially normative positions, at the same that may in aspects of identity politics to articulate time as valuing much that is unique appear to, some of the issues arising when the to psychoanalysis in its radical psychoanalytic world comes into contact understandings of subjectivity. with social movements of various kinds, They also seek to explore the and with the discourses of diversity, non- internalised aspects of various discrimination and equality. Here there has social forces and norms. We been much critical and innovative thinking can broadly characterise and practice, as well as some resistance, these struggles as pursuits for arising from the impact of identity politics, recognition, disputing the more NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 26 AUTUMN 2018 2 Class, Identity Politics and Disavowal However much of this experience does not may impede useful work where there filter through to mainstream thought, and are large social differences. When the is insufficiently recognised for what it can subject of class is broached in mixed class continued from front page suggest. contexts, as I have found, a proliferation of mainly unvoiced experiences and emotions recognise and understand the particularity working class communities. Many parts of emerge, many very painful, conflictful of working class experiences and the profession have been and are engaged 'Class is a highly and troubling. These discussions can also circumstances, especially those of poverty with class inclusive projects of various provoke considerable anxiety, anger and and social marginalisation. This is evident kinds, or work in various public sectors, contested, inhibition – a testimony to the morally in the now considerable but scattered where access to psychoanalytic therapies complex and problematic nature of class inequalities, literature on psychoanalysis practised in (though not trainings) are free or low cost. elusive concept.' and the different ways in which people in different class positions suffer, live with Class is thus an absent presence – and defend themselves against the impact significantly present in the economic, of these. A further source of inhibition cultural and social resources mainly is the widely voiced feeling that it is needed to engage in this field, but largely somehow unanalytic to talk about class NA absent from professional and clinical in clinical contexts. My suggestion is that discussions: there but not there, a form this derives from the theoretical vacuum of disavowal. This widespread silence around class that opened up early on, relegating class only to the purely external, New Associations is published Managing Editor Gary Fereday Contribute to New requires explanation, having many sources. by the British Psychoanalytic Editor Daniela Pasquini Associations There is a long history of theoretical so that many practitioners feel they do not Council, Suite 7, 19-23 Wedmore Production Susan Rentoul We welcome your ideas for articles, extrusions and disavowals of class matters have a language in which to talk about it Street, London N19 4RU Illustrations Allen Fatimaharan reviews, and letters to the editor. in its subjective and intra-psychic aspects. Tel. 020 7561 9240 Printer Blackmore In particular we are looking for in the founding texts of psychoanalysis Fax 020 7561 9005 reviews of cultural events, books (which I describe in detail in my recent www.bpc.org.uk Views expressed in New Associations and films with psychoanalytic book). The demeaning misperceptions that Identity politics of various kinds are [email protected] under an author’s byline are the interest. If you would like to propose views of the writer, not necessarily a topic for a longer article (up to working class people were not suitable as often characterised by an emphasis on the Three issues of New Associations those of the BPC. Publication of 1200 words) please contact psychoanalytic patients, (rather than that importance of historical, intergenerational are published each year in the views and endorsements does not Daniela Pasquini at: and cultural circumstances in the spring, summer, and autumn. constitute endorsement by the BPC. [email protected] analysts had trouble working with them), became a powerful stereotype that took formation of psyches. They also make Subscriptions © 2018 British Psychoanalytic Deadlines: The next issue of New particular hold in the more conservative much use of the notion of internalised UK annually (3 issues): £10 Council. No part of this publication Associations will be published in oppression, first formulated by Frantz Overseas annually: £16 may be reproduced, stored or December 2018. The deadline era of psychoanalysis, in mid- 20th century transmitted in any form or by any for the Spring 2019 edition is US especially. It still seemingly needs to Fanon in his now classic ground-breaking means without the prior permission 31 November 2018. Letters to the be disproved in some quarters, despite book, White Skin, Black Masks (1952). For insertion of advertising of the publisher. Editor should reach us no later than materials contact: 1 December 2018. the important recognition of cultural and Previously, through the class inclusive [email protected] other forms of countertransference which ISSN 2042-9096 Continues on page 3 NEW ASSOCIATIONS ISSUE 26 AUTUMN 2018 3 The retreat from overt class politics and at the same time deny the efficacy of Class, Identity Politics and Disavowal coincided with neoliberal attempts race?” (Hall, 2018, 96). As he also points to legitimise class inequalities, often out, the disavowal of those deemed most continued from page 2 construed in terms of the supposed socially abject “runs through the social psychological or behavioural deficiencies relations of class, gender, sexuality and work of the free clinics in the early 20th per se, but rather ceasing discussing these of the poorest sections of our society. The intimacy”(102), as well as race. I also century, Otto Fenichel and Wilhelm in term of class and the snobbery and pursuit of neoliberal agenda, adopted suggest that disavowal is a ubiquitous and Reich had raised similar questions, about condescension that went with this, to by both centrist parties, thus amounted powerful process involved in the living how psychoanalysis could be practised which he himself had been subjected. to a fundamental shift in the terms in and the representing of divisive social in working class contexts, and what the Although New Labour did subsequently which political discourse was conducted. realities, including those of class. Diane implications were for psychoanalytic theory. achieve a moderate lessening of social Chantal Mouffe in For a Left Populism Reay’s extensive psychosocial work on class, This was an era when class was central inequality through redistributive policies, (2018), describes this as hegemonic in its (Miseducation: Inequality, Education and to the concerns of many left and social- the discourses of social exclusion and effects, replacing the Keynesian ideology the Working Classes, 2017), in which she democratic psychoanalysts, and when the personal responsibility for poverty came of managed economies and social provision. draws on psychoanalytic concepts, suggests extension of psychoanalysis outside its fee- to replace those of class. Working class Thus, at the same time as extreme how disavowal can be anxiously embedded paying context was seen as essential to the political representation diminished under inequalities have been increasing, class in middle class ways of engaging with future of the profession. the restrictive legislation on trade unions, became increasingly absent from political class difference, where there may be both a pursued by the Thatcher government, and and wider cultural discourse, again a desire for class inclusivity and social justice Class, it is generally said, disappeared from following the defeat of the miners’ strike. striking process of disavowal. but also subliminal
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