Vol. Xviii 2006
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VOL. XVIII 2006 ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DE VEST DIN TIMIŞOARA SERIE NOUĂ: FILOSOFIE ŞI ŞTIINŢE ALE COMUNICĂRII ANNALS OF THE WEST UNIVERSITY OF TIMIŞOARA NEW SERIES: PHILOSOPHY AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCES Editorial board: Editor: CLAUDIU MESAROS (West University, Timişoara, Romania) Executive Editors: OANA ŞOIMU (West University, Timişoara, Romania) IOAN BUŞ (West University, Timişoara, Romania) Members: IOAN BIRIŞ, ILONA BÎRZESCU, OCTAVIAN BALINTFI, IONEL NARIŢA, GHEORGHE CLITAN, ALEXANDRU PETRESCU, IANCU LUCICA, IASMINA PETROVICI, MARIANA BRANDL-GHERGA, SEBASTIAN PETRIŞOR Advisory board: KATALIN FARKAS (Central European University, Budapest, Hungary) NOBURU NOTOMI (Keio University, Japan) CRISTINA IONESCU (Regina University, Canada) MILENKO PEROVIĆ (Novi Sad University, Serbia) NICOLAE RÂMBU („A.I.Cuza” University, Iaşi, Romania) CORIN BRAGA („Babeş-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) ALEXANDER BAUMGARTEN („Babeş-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) ALBERTO GONZALEZ (Bowling Green State University, Ohio, USA) NILÜFER PEMBECIOĞLU ÖCEL (Istanbul University, Turkey) CĂLIN RUS („Babeş-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) TON VEEN (Christian University of Ede, Netherlands) ISSN 1842 – 6638 © Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara Manuscripts, books and publications proposed for exchange, also submitted papers should be sent to: UNIVERSITATEA DE VEST DIN TIMIŞOARA FACULTATEA DE ŞTIINŢE POLITICE, FILOSOFIE ŞI ŞTIINŢE ALE COMUNICĂRII CATEDRA DE FILOSOFIE ŞI ŞTIINŢE ALE COMUNICĂRII BD. VASILE PÂRVAN NR. 4 TIMIŞOARA 300223 ROMANIA e-mail: [email protected] Contents: Foreword............................................................................................................5 SECTION I: PHILOSOPHY: Przemyslaw PACZKOWSKI: Plato’s Socrates and the Nature of Moral Knowledge ......9 Alexander BAUMGARTEN: Le concept de loisir (1) et l’unité thématique des Politiques d’Aristote ..................................................................................17 Ioan Buş, The Deduction of the Categories: The Metaphysical Deduction ................43 Adrian PĂCURAR: From Ontology To Psychopathology Heidegger`S Fundamental Ontology And The Problem Of Mental Illness...............................................53 Iasmina PETROVICI: The Function of Similarity within Paul Ricoeur’s Metaphor Theory.....................................................................................................75 Dan ZEMAN: Relativism Vs. Indexicalism: Facing the Intuitions ..............................83 Adrian BRICIU: Contextualism, Anatomism and the Instability of Semantic Content .93 Andreea NAGY: A Theory About Modernization .................................................... 111 Ioan BIRIS: Le rapport identité-différence et la conjonction collective. Aspects logiques .................................................................................................. 119 Dumitru-Viorel PIUITU: L’analyse philosophique de Mircea Djuvara sur l’évolution du droit ....................................................................................................... 129 SECTION II : COMMUNICATION SCIENCES Claudiu MESAROS: Transparency as a Strategy for Private Organizations ............... 143 Mariana BRANDL-GHERGA: Temeswar – „Klein Wien“. Eine journalistische Imagologie ....................................................................................................... 153 BOOK REVIEW Dana Dömşödi: The Meaning of Being Recent (review to Horia-Roman Patapievici, Omul recent, Humanitas, Bucureşti 2005) ........................................................... 169 ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DE VEST DIN TIMIŞOARA SERIE NOUĂ: FILOSOFIE ŞI ŞTIINŢE ALE COMUNICĂRII ANNALS OF THE WEST UNIVERSITY OF TIMISOARA NEW SERIES: PHILOSOPHY AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCES VOL. XVIII, 2006 ISSN 1224-9688 FOREWORD Analele Universităţii de Vest din Timişoara, seria Filosofie is beginning a new series in 2006 which is intended to include Communication Sciences according to the new structure of the Department. Accordingly, we are now Analele Universităţii de Vest din Timişoara. Serie nouă: Filosofie şi Ştiinţe ale Comunicării (Annals of the West University of Timişoara. New Series: Philosophy and Communication Sciences), trying to cover areas of Philosophy, Public Relations and Journalism. We will also welcome research articles on Advertising and Publicity. We have a newly organized editorial board and collaborate with international academics who have kindly answered to our invitation to advise and critically refer to the submitted papers. We are indebted to all of them. We strongly hope that for the 2007 issue our Advisory Board will be even more enlarged with academics dedicated to involve in improving the quality of our Journal. We can only assure that we are thankful and commited to offering to the international community an increasingly valuable reference for their study and research. ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DE VEST DIN TIMIŞOARA SERIE NOUĂ: FILOSOFIE ŞI ŞTIINŢE ALE COMUNICĂRII ANNALS OF THE WEST UNIVERSITY OF TIMISOARA NEW SERIES: PHILOSOPHY AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCES VOL. XVIII, 2006 ISSN 1224-9688 SECTION I: PHILOSOPHY ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DE VEST DIN TIMIŞOARA SERIE NOUĂ: FILOSOFIE ŞI ŞTIINŢE ALE COMUNICĂRII ANNALS OF THE WEST UNIVERSITY OF TIMISOARA NEW SERIES: PHILOSOPHY AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCES VOL. XVIII, 2006 ISSN 1224-9688 PLATO’S SOCRATES AND THE NATURE OF MORAL KNOWLEDGE Przemyslaw PACZKOWSKI Institute of Philosophy, University of Rzeszów, Poland Abstract The study concerns Socrates of Plato’s dialogues, the literary character, for which, however, there is no serious alternative in the surviving literature. Plato’s Socrates is the figure which is a paradigmatic embodiment of the philosophical life and whose attitude enabled Plato to disclose the nature of moral knowledge. Socrates is a perfect illustration of the essential inseparability of dialectic and encouragement in Plato’s works. The very characteristic traits of Socrates - his atopia, a „magic” effect on his interlocutors (and the dialogues’ readers), a superficial rudeness through which the real beauty of his character shows - are subject of analysis. Socratic inquiry, using argumentation ad hominem, combines elenchus and encouragement. The strategy of Socratic discussions (Gorgias is an example) is determined by its protreptical and paidetical goals (which Plato has in consideration). We haven’t got to do in them with reasoning of universal logical value, but with persuasion to choos the most beautiful life. Since Beauty is for Plato a perfect way of appealing to reason, a man like Socrates is alone the most powerful argument for Socratic way of life. And, at the same time, he is the best guide to Plato’s doctrine of Forms. Finally, one can say: if Plato ever succeeded in revealing any immortal Beauty, he did so in the case of the beauty of philosophical life of Socrates. It is the moral ideal culminating in the famous paradox: „virtue is knowledge”, and the paradigmatic harmony of logos and ergon in Socrates’ life enables Plato to reveal the nature of moral knowledge - the justness of uncompromising Socratic intellectualism lies in its paidetical power. PRZEMYSLAW PACZKOWSKI 10 This study concerns Socrates of Plato’s dialogues - Socrates for which there is no serious alternative in the surviving philosophical literature. Plato’s Socrates is a literary character, but his influence - as for a long time has been emphasized1 - can’t be compared to the influence of any true-born philosopher. In his work of genius Plato has turned the already established literary genre - the Sôkratikoi logoi - to the good account, increasing it to the philosophical level, laying the foundations of the whole ancient moral philosophy, directed to the formation of the individual soul. We know however that Plato has represented his master such a man as he’d really loved him, and - as such - it is a credible picture - not in its philosophical substance but thanks to its psychological cohesion. It must have been t h a t man, we feel, whose companions could find „the best, wisest and the most righteous” (Phaedo 118a); who could fascinate cynical and bored aristocrates like Critias or Alcibiades; who could deadly irritate obstinate democrates of Anytos’ kind; and who could be perceived by Athenian demos as corrupting the young’s morals. All this, as Gregory Vlastos has noticed2, speaks in advocacy of Plato’s testimony against Xenophon’s. Of course, as much as one can treat Sôkratikoi logoi in general as testimonies3, and not as „the experiments... directed towards capturing the potentialities rather than the realities of individual lives”4, which they in fact were. Plato has gone farthest this way, creating the figure, which is a paradigmatic embodiment of the philosophical life; creating the hero, whose attitude enabled him to disclose the nature of moral knowledge; creating Socrates, who is alone the best argument and the most efficient encouragement for the Socratic way of life. And exactly such Socrates is too, for Plato, the best mystagôges initiating in the mysteries of the doctrine of Ideas5. Plato has belived that it is required to be intellectually and morally prepared in order to knowing the Ideas6. The intellectual preparation trains the learners for grasping the intelligible features of Being; the moral one makes them responsive to it’s non-sensory beauty. Socrates, defying all previous Greek canons of beauty, and at the same time „magically” attractive for the men to the beauty sensitive7, is the