DOCSLIB.ORG

Streamflow and Sediment-Transport Data, Colorado River and Three Tributaries in Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1983 and 1985-86

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Streamflow and Sediment-Transport Data, Colorado River and Three Tributaries in Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1983 and 1985-86 Streamflow and Sediment-Transport Data, Colorado River and Three Tributaries in Grand Canyon, Arizona, 1983 and 1985-86 By William B. Garrett, Ellen K. Van De Vanter, and Julia B. Graf U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 93 174 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Tucson, Arizona November 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert M. Hirsch, Acting Director For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center Water Resources Division Open-File Reports Section 375 South Euclid Avenue Box 25286, MS 517 Tucson, Arizona 85719 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract........................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and scope..................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgments.................................................................................................... 3 Description of the study area.................................................................................... 3 Sampling plan.................................................................................................................. 4 Selection of sampling sites....................................................................................... 4 Sampling periods...................................................................................................... 5 Sampling strategy..................................................................................................... 7 Data collection................................................................................................................. 7 Stage measurement................................................................................................... 7 Suspended-sediment sampling.................................................................................. 8 Bed material and bedload......................................................................................... 8 Methods of analysis ........................................................................................................ 9 Discharge.................................................................................................................. 9 Suspended-sediment sampling.................................................................................. 9 Bed material and bedload......................................................................................... 10 Data tables........................................................................................................................ 10 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 11 Selected references........................................................................................................... 11 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Map showing Colorado River through the Grand Canyon and selected streamflow-gaging stations............................................... 2 2. Hydrograph showing daily mean discharge at Lees Ferry, 09380000, January 1983 through February 1986.................................. 6 m IV ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 3-4. Hydrographs showing: 3. Typical discharge for Colorado River at Lees Ferry, 09380000, for the 1983 and 1985-86 sampling periods.......................................................................... 6 4. Typical sampling schedule for Colorado River above Diamond Creek near Peach Springs, 09404200, for the 1985-86 sampling period....................................................... 8 5-9. Diagrams showing: 5. Cross-section geometry at maximum and minimum discharge for Colorado River at Lees Ferry, 09380000, for the 1983 and 1985-86 sampling periods................................. 13 6. Cross-section geometry at maximum and minimum discharge for Colorado River above Little Colorado River, 09383100, for the 1983 and 1985-86 sampling periods............... 14 7. Cross-section geometry at maximum and minimum discharge for Colorado River near Grand Canyon, 09402500, for the 1983 and 1985-86 sampling periods............... 15 8. Cross-section geometry at maximum and minimum discharge for Colorado River above National Canyon, 09404120, for the 1983 and 1985-86 sampling periods............... 16 9. Cross-section geometry at maximum and minimum discharge for Colorado River above Diamond Creek, 09404200, for the 1983 and 1985-86 sampling periods............... 17 TABLES Table 1. Concentration and grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Colorado River at Lees Ferry, 1983...................................................... 19 2. Concentration and grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Colorado River above Little Colorado River, 1983.............................. 23 3. Concentration and grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Colorado River near Grand Canyon, 1983............................................ 27 TABLES Page Table 4. Concentration and grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Colorado River above National Canyon, 1983...................................... 32 5. Concentration and grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Colorado River above Diamond Creek, 1983 ....................................... 36 6. Suspended-sediment concentrations at individual verticals of cross sections, Colorado River at Lees Ferry, 1983.............................. 39 7. Suspended-sediment concentrations at individual verticals of cross sections, Colorado River above Little Colorado River, 1983............................................................................................ 42 8. Suspended-sediment concentrations at individual verticals of cross sections, Colorado River near Grand Canyon, 1983.................... 43 9. Suspended-sediment concentrations at individual verticals of cross sections, Colorado River above National Canyon, 1983 ............. 44 10. Suspended-sediment concentrations at individual verticals of cross sections, Colorado River above Diamond Creek, 1983............... 45 11. Grain-size distribution of bed material, Colorado River at Lees Ferry, 1983.................................................................................... 46 12. Grain-size distribution of bed material, Colorado River above Little Colorado River, 1983................................................................... 55 13. Grain-size distribution of bed material, Colorado River near Grand Canyon, 1983.............................................................................. 61 14. Grain-size distribution of bed material, Colorado River above National Canyon, 1983.......................................................................... 68 15. Grain-size distribution of bed material, Colorado River above Diamond Creek, 1983............................................................................ 73 16. Grain-size distribution of bedload, Helley-Smith sampler, Colorado River above Little Colorado River, 1983.............................. 79 17. Grain-size distribution of bedload, Helley-Smith sampler, Colorado River above National Canyon, 1983...................................... 80 18. Hydraulic and physical characteristics of cross section during discharge measurements, Colorado River at Lees Ferry, 1983............. 83 19. Hydraulic and physical characteristics of cross section during discharge measurements, Colorado River above Little Colorado River, 1983................................................................... 104 20. Hydraulic and physical characteristics of cross section during discharge measurements, Colorado River near Grand Canyon, 1983....................................................................................................... 125 VI TABLES Page Table 21. Hydraulic and physical characteristics of cross section during discharge measurements, Colorado River above National Canyon, 1983......................................................................................... 157 22. Hydraulic and physical characteristics of cross section during discharge measurements, Colorado River above Diamond Creek, 1983............................................................................ 178 23. Hydraulic and physical characteristics of cross section during discharge measurements, Kanab Creek near Fredonia, 1983................ 196 24. Grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Paria River at Lees Ferry, 1983.................................................................................... 200 25. Grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Little Colorado River at Cameron, 1983......................................................................... 202 26. Grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Kanab Creek near Fredonia, 1983............................................................................... 205 27. Grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, Little Colorado River at mouth, 1983............................................................................. 206 28. Grain-size distribution of suspended sediment, miscellaneous tributary flows, 1983 ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grand-Canyon-South-Rim-Map.Pdf
    North Rim (see enlargement above) KAIBAB PLATEAU Point Imperial KAIBAB PLATEAU 8803ft Grama Point 2683 m Dragon Head North Rim Bright Angel Vista Encantada Point Sublime 7770 ft Point 7459 ft Tiyo Point Widforss Point Visitor Center 8480ft Confucius Temple 2368m 7900 ft 2585 m 2274 m 7766 ft Grand Canyon Lodge 7081 ft Shiva Temple 2367 m 2403 m Obi Point Chuar Butte Buddha Temple 6394ft Colorado River 2159 m 7570 ft 7928 ft Cape Solitude Little 2308m 7204 ft 2417 m Francois Matthes Point WALHALLA PLATEAU 1949m HINDU 2196 m 8020 ft 6144ft 2445 m 1873m AMPHITHEATER N Cape Final Temple of Osiris YO Temple of Ra Isis Temple N 7916ft From 6637 ft CA Temple Butte 6078 ft 7014 ft L 2413 m Lake 1853 m 2023 m 2138 m Hillers Butte GE Walhalla Overlook 5308ft Powell T N Brahma Temple 7998ft Jupiter Temple 1618m ri 5885 ft A ni T 7851ft Thor Temple ty H 2438 m 7081ft GR 1794 m G 2302 m 6741 ft ANIT I 2158 m E C R Cape Royal PALISADES OF GO r B Zoroaster Temple 2055m RG e k 7865 ft E Tower of Set e ee 7129 ft Venus Temple THE DESERT To k r C 2398 m 6257ft Lake 6026 ft Cheops Pyramid l 2173 m N Pha e Freya Castle Espejo Butte g O 1907 m Mead 1837m 5399 ft nto n m A Y t 7299 ft 1646m C N reek gh Sumner Butte Wotans Throne 2225m Apollo Temple i A Br OTTOMAN 5156 ft C 7633 ft 1572 m AMPHITHEATER 2327 m 2546 ft R E Cocopa Point 768 m T Angels Vishnu Temple Comanche Point M S Co TONTO PLATFOR 6800 ft Phantom Ranch Gate 7829 ft 7073ft lor 2073 m A ado O 2386 m 2156m R Yuma Point Riv Hopi ek er O e 6646 ft Z r Pima Mohave Point Maricopa C Krishna Shrine T
    [Show full text]
  • Tanner to the Little Colorado River
    Tanner to the Little Colorado River Natural History Backpack April 3-9, 2020 with Melissa Giovanni CLASS INFORMATION AND SYLLABUS DAY 1 Meet at 10:00 a.m. at the historic Community This class focuses on the geology, anthropology, Building in Grand Canyon Village (Google Map). ecology, and history of eastern Grand Canyon. We will orient ourselves to the trip and learn some This route is unique among South Rim hikes due basic concepts of geology as well. We will first to the stunning exposures of most of the major spend some time on introductions and gear, food, rock groups that compose the walls of Grand and the class. After lunch we will have a short Canyon. While we will not be able to view the session in the classroom and then go out to the deepest and innermost crystalline and rim (and perhaps partway down one of the major metamorphic rocks, we will see exposures of the trails) to become familiar with regional geography younger Precambrian strata unequaled anywhere and landmarks. We will also cover fundamental else. geology tenets that lay the ground work for the rest of the class, including: The class also provides superb views of underlying structural features, including faults, A geographic overview of the region unconformities, and intrusions not visible The three rock families; how they form and elsewhere. We will see one of the most profound how this is reflected in their appearance faults in Grand Canyon, one that may have played The principles of stratigraphy a major role in the formation of the canyon itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Index 1 INDEX
    Index 1 INDEX A Blue Spring 76, 106, 110, 115 Bluff Spring Trail 184 Adeii Eechii Cliffs 124 Blythe 198 Agate House 140 Blythe Intaglios 199 Agathla Peak 256 Bonita Canyon Drive 221 Agua Fria Nat'l Monument 175 Booger Canyon 194 Ajo 203 Boundary Butte 299 Ajo Mountain Loop 204 Box Canyon 132 Alamo Canyon 205 Box (The) 51 Alamo Lake SP 201 Boyce-Thompson Arboretum 190 Alstrom Point 266, 302 Boynton Canyon 149, 161 Anasazi Bridge 73 Boy Scout Canyon 197 Anasazi Canyon 302 Bright Angel Canyon 25, 51 Anderson Dam 216 Bright Angel Point 15, 25 Angels Window 27 Bright Angel Trail 42, 46, 49, 61, 80, 90 Antelope Canyon 280, 297 Brins Mesa 160 Antelope House 231 Brins Mesa Trail 161 Antelope Point Marina 294, 297 Broken Arrow Trail 155 Apache Junction 184 Buck Farm Canyon 73 Apache Lake 187 Buck Farm Overlook 34, 73, 103 Apache-Sitgreaves Nat'l Forest 167 Buckskin Gulch Confluence 275 Apache Trail 187, 188 Buenos Aires Nat'l Wildlife Refuge 226 Aravaipa Canyon 192 Bulldog Cliffs 186 Aravaipa East trailhead 193 Bullfrog Marina 302 Arch Rock 366 Bull Pen 170 Arizona Canyon Hot Springs 197 Bush Head Canyon 278 Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum 216 Arizona Trail 167 C Artist's Point 250 Aspen Forest Overlook 257 Cabeza Prieta 206 Atlatl Rock 366 Cactus Forest Drive 218 Call of the Canyon 158 B Calloway Trail 171, 203 Cameron Visitor Center 114 Baboquivari Peak 226 Camp Verde 170 Baby Bell Rock 157 Canada Goose Drive 198 Baby Rocks 256 Canyon del Muerto 231 Badger Creek 72 Canyon X 290 Bajada Loop Drive 216 Cape Final 28 Bar-10-Ranch 19 Cape Royal 27 Barrio
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Canyon
    ALT ALT To 389 To 389 To Jacob Lake, 89 To 89 K and South Rim a n a b Unpaved roads are impassable when wet. C Road closed r KAIBAB NATIONAL FOREST e in winter e K k L EA O N R O O B K NY O A E U C C N T E N C 67 I A H M N UT E Y SO N K O O A N House Rock Y N N A Buffalo Ranch B A KANAB PLATEAU C C E A L To St. George, Utah N B Y Kaibab Lodge R Mount Trumbull O A N KAIBAB M 8028ft De Motte C 2447m (USFS) O er GR C o Riv AN T PLATEAU K HUNDRED AND FIFTY MIL lorad ITE ap S NAVAJO E Co N eat C A s C Y RR C N O OW ree S k M INDIAN GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK B T Steamboat U Great Thumb Point Mountain C RESERVATION K 6749ft 7422ft U GREAT THUMB 2057m 2262m P Chikapanagi Point MESA C North Rim A 5889ft E N G Entrance Station 1795m M Y 1880ft FOSSIL R 8824ft O Mount Sinyala O U 573m G A k TUCKUP N 5434ft BAY Stanton Point e 2690m V re POINT 1656m 6311ft E U C SB T A C k 1924m I E e C N AT A e The Dome POINT A PL N r o L Y Holy Grail l 5486ft R EL Point Imperial C o Tuweep G W O Temple r 1672m PO N Nankoweap a p d H E o wea Mesa A L nko o V a Mooney D m N 6242ft A ID Mount Emma S Falls u 1903m U M n 7698ft i Havasu Falls h 2346m k TOROWEAP er C Navajo Falls GORGE S e v A Vista e i ITE r Kwagunt R VALLEY R N N Supai Falls A Encantada C iv o Y R nt Butte W d u e a O G g lor Supai 2159ft Unpaved roads are North Rim wa 6377ft r o N K h C Reservations required.
    [Show full text]
  • Summits on the Air – ARM for the USA (W7A
    Summits on the Air – ARM for the U.S.A (W7A - Arizona) Summits on the Air U.S.A. (W7A - Arizona) Association Reference Manual Document Reference S53.1 Issue number 5.0 Date of issue 31-October 2020 Participation start date 01-Aug 2010 Authorized Date: 31-October 2020 Association Manager Pete Scola, WA7JTM Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged. Document S53.1 Page 1 of 15 Summits on the Air – ARM for the U.S.A (W7A - Arizona) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHANGE CONTROL....................................................................................................................................... 3 DISCLAIMER................................................................................................................................................. 4 1 ASSOCIATION REFERENCE DATA ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Program Derivation ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 General Information ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Final Ascent
    [Show full text]
  • Harvey Butchart's Hiking Log DETAILED HIKING LOGS (January
    Harvey Butchart’s Hiking Log DETAILED HIKING LOGS (January 22, 1965 - September 25, 1965) Mile 24.6 and Hot Na Na Wash [January 22, 1965 to January 23, 1965] My guest for this trip, Norvel Johnson, thought we were going for just the day. When I told him it was a two day trip, he brought in his sleeping bag, but since he had no knapsack, we decided to sleep at the Jeep. The idea was to see Hot Na Na from the rim on Friday and then go down it as far as possible on Saturday. We thought we were following the Tanner Wash Quad map carefully when we left the highway a little to the north of the middle of the bay formed by Curve Wash in the Echo Cliffs. What we didn't realize is that there is another turnoff only a quarter of a mile north of the one we used. This is the way we came out of the hinterland on Saturday. Our exit is marked by a large pile of rocks and it gives a more direct access to all the country we were interested in seeing. The way we went in goes west, south, and north and we got thoroughly confused before we headed toward the rim of Marble Canyon. The track we followed goes considerably past the end of the road which we finally identified as the one that is one and a half miles north of Pine Reservoir. It ended near a dam. We entered the draw beyond the dam and after looking down at the Colorado River, decided that we were on the north side of the bay at Mile 24.6.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Names
    GEOGRAPHIC NAMES CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES ? REVISED TO JANUARY, 1911 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 PREPARED FOR USE IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE BY THE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY, 1911 ) CORRECT ORTHOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES. The following list of geographic names includes all decisions on spelling rendered by the United States Geographic Board to and including December 7, 1910. Adopted forms are shown by bold-face type, rejected forms by italic, and revisions of previous decisions by an asterisk (*). Aalplaus ; see Alplaus. Acoma; township, McLeod County, Minn. Abagadasset; point, Kennebec River, Saga- (Not Aconia.) dahoc County, Me. (Not Abagadusset. AQores ; see Azores. Abatan; river, southwest part of Bohol, Acquasco; see Aquaseo. discharging into Maribojoc Bay. (Not Acquia; see Aquia. Abalan nor Abalon.) Acworth; railroad station and town, Cobb Aberjona; river, IVIiddlesex County, Mass. County, Ga. (Not Ackworth.) (Not Abbajona.) Adam; island, Chesapeake Bay, Dorchester Abino; point, in Canada, near east end of County, Md. (Not Adam's nor Adams.) Lake Erie. (Not Abineau nor Albino.) Adams; creek, Chatham County, Ga. (Not Aboite; railroad station, Allen County, Adams's.) Ind. (Not Aboit.) Adams; township. Warren County, Ind. AJjoo-shehr ; see Bushire. (Not J. Q. Adams.) Abookeer; AhouJcir; see Abukir. Adam's Creek; see Cunningham. Ahou Hamad; see Abu Hamed. Adams Fall; ledge in New Haven Harbor, Fall.) Abram ; creek in Grant and Mineral Coun- Conn. (Not Adam's ties, W. Va. (Not Abraham.) Adel; see Somali. Abram; see Shimmo. Adelina; town, Calvert County, Md. (Not Abruad ; see Riad. Adalina.) Absaroka; range of mountains in and near Aderhold; ferry over Chattahoochee River, Yellowstone National Park.
    [Show full text]
  • Wes Hildreth
    Transcription: Grand Canyon Historical Society Interviewee: Wes Hildreth (WH), Jack Fulton (JF), Nancy Brown (NB), Diane Fulton (DF), Judy Fierstein (JYF), Gail Mahood (GM), Roger Brown (NB), Unknown (U?) Interviewer: Tom Martin (TM) Subject: With Nancy providing logistical support, Wes and Jack recount their thru-hike from Supai to the Hopi Salt Trail in 1968. Date of Interview: July 30, 2016 Method of Interview: At the home of Nancy and Roger Brown Transcriber: Anonymous Date of Transcription: March 9, 2020 Transcription Reviewers: Sue Priest, Tom Martin Keys: Grand Canyon thru-hike, Park Service, Edward Abbey, Apache Point route, Colin Fletcher, Harvey Butchart, Royal Arch, Jim Bailey TM: Today is July 30th, 2016. We're at the home of Nancy and Roger Brown in Livermore, California. This is an oral history interview, part of the Grand Canyon Historical Society Oral History Program. My name is Tom Martin. In the living room here, in this wonderful house on a hill that Roger and Nancy have, are Wes Hildreth and Gail Mahood, Jack and Diane Fulton, Judy Fierstein. I think what we'll do is we'll start with Nancy, we'll go around the room. If you can state your name, spell it out for me, and we'll just run around the room. NB: I'm Nancy Brown. RB: Yeah. Roger Brown. JF: Jack Fulton. WH: Wes Hildreth. GM: Gail Mahood. DF: Diane Fulton. JYF: Judy Fierstein. TM: Thank you. This interview is fascinating for a couple different things for the people in this room in that Nancy assisted Wes and Jack on a hike in Grand Canyon in 1968 from Supai to the Little Colorado River.
    [Show full text]
  • Initiation and Frequency of Debris Flows in Grand Canyon, Arizona
    Initiation and Frequency of Debris Flows in Grand Canyon, Arizona U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 96—491 Prepared in cooperation with the BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Initiation and Frequency of Debris Flows in Grand Canyon, Arizona By PETER G. GRIFFITHS, ROBERT H. WEBB, and THEODORE S. MELIS U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 96—491 Prepared in cooperation with the BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Tucson, Arizona 1996 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director ______________________________________________________ For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: Regional Research Hydrologist U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey, MS-472 Branch of Information Services Water Resources Division Box 25286 345 Middlefield Road Denver, CO 80225 Menlo Park, CA 94025 CONTENTS Page Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose and Scope.......................................................................................................................... 3 Units and Place Names ................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • El Gran Cañón Parte 1
    1. INTRODUCCIÓN DOS PREGUNTAS FUNDAMENTALES 1. ¿Fueron los estratos de roca del Gran Cañón depositados por las aguas del gran Diluvio del Génesis? 2. ¿Fue el propio Gran Cañón excavado por la retirada de las aguas del Diluvio del Génesis? La primera pregunta es el tema de esta presentación, titulada: EL DEPÓSITO DE LAS CAPAS. La segunda pregunta será tratada en la Parte 2 de esta serie bajo el título: LA EXCAVACIÓN DEL CAÑÓN. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ESQUEMA DE LA PRIMERA PARTE: EL DEPÓSITO DE LAS CAPAS. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 2. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DEL GRAN CAÑÓN 3. CAPAS INCREÍBLEMENTE EXTENSAS 4. EL KARST DE LA FORMACIÓN REDWALL 5. LA ARENISCA COCONINO 6. HIATOS SEDIMENTARIOS 7. CONCLUSIONES 1. INTRODUCCIÓN DOS PUNTOS DE VISTA OPUESTOS Nos encontramos aquí con dos cosmovisiones en discrepancia. ¿Evolucionó la vida gradualmente a lo largo de millones de años tal como propone la mayoría de la comunidad científica? ¿O se originó hace unos pocos miles de años tal como se indica en la Biblia? Dentro de la perspectiva evolucionista, las capas del Gran Cañón y los fósiles que contienen representan cientos de millones de años. Pero según el modelo bíblico, esas mismas capas representan principalmente los efectos del asombroso Diluvio del Génesis. La siguiente diapositiva ilustra la diferencia entre estas dos interpretaciones. Nótese la importante diferencia entre los dos modelos con respecto al marco temporal. Las capas del Gran Cañón pertenecen principalmente a la porción paleozoica de la columna geológica. Para más información y referencias ver: TEMAS 7-16 de la serie LA BIBLIA Y LA CIENCIA en la página web del autor www.sciencesandscriptures.com.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAND CANYON ROCKS North Canyon Sketch
    EARTH HISTORY LAB NOTEBOOK Table of Contents INVESTIGATION 2: INTO THE GRAND CANYON Notes on the Powell Expedition ...................................................................................................... 1 Grand Canyon Field-Trip Guide ....................................................................................................... 3 Grand Canyon Questions ................................................................................................................ 5 INVESTIGATION 3: GRAND CANYON ROCKS North Canyon Sketch ..................................................................................................................... 6 North Canyon Rock Observations ................................................................................................... 7 Nankoweap Canyon Sketch ........................................................................................................... 8 Nankoweap Canyon Rock Observations ......................................................................................... 9 Grand Canyon Rocks .................................................................................................................... 11 Grand Canyon Rock Lineup .......................................................................................................... 13 Grand Canyon Rock Correlations .................................................................................................. 15 Chuar Butte Observations ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Importance of Shale Twenties,” Begins (Fig
    triggered by small summer thunderstorms but can support large clasts (Hampton, 1975; Pierson and also occur during less-intense regional storms, Costa, 1987; Major and Pierson, 1992). Most Grand especially in large tributaries that concentrate Canyon debris flow deposits contain 1-8 percent runoff at a single pourover. The firehose effect silt- and clay-size particles by weight (fig. 13); the triggered a debris flow in “Crash Canyon” (river exception is Prospect Canyon, which has a unique mile 62.6-R) on or about September 18, 1990 setting for debris-flow initiation (Webb and others, (Melis and Webb, 1993). Runoff from convective 1996). These fine particles occupy interstitial thunderstorms poured over the Redwall Limestone spaces in debris-flow slurries, increasing the cliffs of Chuar Butte, falling onto massive colluvial density of the matrix and the buoyant forces that deposits overlying Muav Limestone. The contribute to the suspension of larger particles colluvium failed, resulting in a debris flow (Melis (Beverage and Culbertson, 1964; Hampton, 1975; and others, 1994). Rodine and Johnson, 1976). Fine-grained Failures of colluvial wedges occur during either constituents of these debris flows are 60-80 percent intense or prolonged rainfall, and usually result in illite and kaolinite by weight, reflecting the smaller debris flows. In the case of low-intensity, terrestrial source shales and colluvial wedges sustained rainfall, saturation may be hastened by (table 4). concentrated sheetflow runoff from cliff faces. This Three lithologic units dominate the initiation substantial runoff is focused at the intersection of sites for debris flows in Grand Canyon. The Hermit colluvial wedge and cliff face, augmenting direct Shale is the most important unit of the three source precipitation and increasing the rate of saturation.
    [Show full text]