Birth Defects in South-East Asia a Public Health Challenge Birth

Birth Defects In South-east Asia A Public Health Challenge

SITUATION ANALYSIS

SEA-CAH-13 Distribution: General

Birth Defects in South-East Asia A public health challenge

Situation Analysis Acknowledgement

The collaboration and support provided by the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta, USA is gratefully acknowledged.

The contribution of Dr I.C. Verma (Director Center of Medical Genetics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital) and Dr Madhulika Kabra (Professor, Division of Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences) for literature review and preparation of the initial manuscript of the document are acknowledged.

The paintings used in this document are made by Mr Nitin, who is afflicted with Down syndrome.

World Health Organization 2013

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Printed in India Contents

Abbreviations

1. Introduction 1

2. Definition,auses c and types of birth defects 3

3. Global scenario 5

4. Regional scenario 9

5. Country scenarios 14

• Bangladesh 15

• Bhutan 25

• Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 31

• India 35

• Indonesia 49

• Maldives 57

• Myanmar 63

• Nepal 71

• Sri Lanka 79

• Thailand 87

• Timor-Leste 99

6. Summary 103

7. References 113

ABBREVIATIONS

AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

ANC Antenatal care

ART Assisted reproductive technology

BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

CMV Cytomegalovirus

CRS Congenital rubella syndrome

CVD Cardiovascular diseases

DCR Day-care room

DQ Development quotient

DTP Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis

G6PD Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

GDP Gross domestic product

Hb Haemoglobin

Hb CS Haemoglobin Constant Spring

HBV Hepatitis B virus

Hib Haemophilus influenzae type b

HKI Helen Keller International

HMIS Health management information system

ICD10 Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases

ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research

IDD Iodine deficiency disorder

IGMH Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male