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Caudillo Leadership
TOWARD A MORE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF CAUDILLO LEADERSHIP Taylor A. Landrie This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Research Honors Program in the Department of Leadership Marietta College Marietta, Ohio April 28, 2013 Toward a More Holistic Understanding of Caudillo Leadership!Landrie 2 Toward a More Holistic Understanding of Caudillo Leadership!Landrie 3 Introduction Thesis Statement The term caudillo is used to describe Latin American leaders with military back- grounds who are charismatic and authoritarian. However, the concept of caudillo lead- ership involves more than a leader with certain traits. Caudillo leadership, as a phe- nomenon, is holistic and occurs only when specific criteria are met by the leader, follow- ers, and the cultural values and norms that shape the environment in which the leader and followers interact. Overview Historians and political scientists have noted the frequency of military dictators in Latin America since the revolutions that liberated much of the continent in the early 1800s. The “Caudillo” is an authoritarian leader with a background in the military who attracts a following through his or her charismatic personality. Frank Tannenbaum de- scribes the caudillo as, “the leader…who governs because he can, not because he was elected” and applies this definition to both democratically elected caudillo leaders and leaders who came to power during a coup d"état or through other forceful means (Tan- nenbaum 497). One assumes a caudillo acts to promote his or her self-interest and holds a position of power through force, both in cases of traditional, dictatorial caudillos and modern, elected caudillos. -
Doing Business in Argentina
www.pwc.com/ar Doing Business in Argentina 2019 onwards www.pwc.com.ar Contents 4. Geographical and demographical background 10. Investment and Challenges in Argentina 14. Form of Foreign Investment / Structuring the Deal 16. Foreign Trade and Customs Regulations 20. Tax system 31. Reference information 32. Contacts Geographical & demographical background 4 Location The Republic of Argentina1 is located in South America, between latitudes 23°S (Tropic of Capricorn) and 55°S (Cape Horn). The Andes separates the country from Chile to the west and Bolivia to the northwest; Paraguay lies directly to the north, with Brazil, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east. Brief history of the country The history of Argentina began in 1776 with the creation of Once democracy returned in the early eighties, the the Virreinato del Río de la Plata, the name given to the country faltered in finding a clear path to growth. GPD colonial territories of Spain. In 1810, Argentina initiated a was stagnant, as in most Latin American countries, with process that led to independence in 1816, although for over episodes of hyperinflation toward the end of the decade. sixty years there were internal battles for control of income At the beginning of the nineties, Argentina adopted a from Customs, monopolized by the Province of Buenos convertibility plan with a pegged exchange rate. Many of Aires. the country’s public utility companies were privatized After this period of civil war, the country began a during this decade. process of modernization in 1880, with the creation of After the 2001-2002 economic and social crisis, new public institutions and efforts to build a foundation convertibility and the pegged exchange rate were to incorporate the country into the international system abandoned and replaced with a controlled floating rate of division of labor as an agricultural commodity system. -
Environmental Effects of Implementing Mercosur on Argentina: an Integrated Assessment
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING MERCOSUR IN ARGENTINA: AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT By JOSÉ A. GOBBI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 Copyright 2006 by José A. Gobbi To my beloved wife, Analía, and to my parents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many people and institutions contributed to make this dissertation possible. First and foremost, I thank Dr. Clyde F. Kiker, my advisor, for his wisdom, kindness, and patience. He has been a great source of inspiration and intellectual guidance during my Ph.D. journey. I would like also to express my appreciation to the other members of my committee. The support and insights of Drs. Stephen Humphrey, Terry McCoy, and Stephen Powell were instrumental in keeping my interdisciplinary wandering on course. The Tropical Conservation and Development Program, UF; the College of Natural Resources and Environment, UF; the Compton Foundation, UF; the International Agricultural Trade and Policy Center of the Food and Resource Economics Department, UF; the Tinker Foundation; Matías Cafaro; and the Gobbi and Pugener families contributed with their financial support. I would like to express my gratitude to all and everyone who helped me during my Ph.D. In particular, I would like to mention Lyn Branch, who opened the doors for me to pursue graduate studies in the US; Anita Hertzfeld, who supported my application to the UF; Anne Maglia, who provided valuable comments on early versions of my dissertation; Meisha Wade and Cathy Ritchie, who always assisted me in every possible way at CNRE; and John Beer and Muhammad Ibrahim, who during the last two months released me from my duties at CATIE so that I could finish my studies at the University of Florida. -
La Nuestra: Football and National Identity in Argentina 1913–1978
La Nuestra: Football and National Identity in Argentina 1913–1978 Mark Antony Orton Faculty of Arts, Design and Humanities December 2020 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the University’s requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy De Montfort University Leicester Declaration To the best of my knowledge I confirm that the work in this thesis is my original work undertaken for the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Arts, Design and Humanities, De Montfort University. I confirm that no material of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or qualification at any other university. I also declare that parts of this thesis have been submitted for publications and conferences. 2 Contents Declaration …………………………………………………………………………………..2 Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………...5 List of Illustrations and Tables …………………………………………………………….6 List of Abbreviations ………………………………………………………………………..7 Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………………8 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………...9 Research Questions ………………………………………………………………………10 Historiography ……………………………………………………………………………..11 Sport and National Identity ……………………………………………………………….11 Migration, Assimilation and the Construction of Argentine Identity ………………….14 Football Style as a Projection of Argentine Identity ……………………………………16 Race, Ethnicity and the Role of the Interior in Argentine Identity …………………….19 Football and Politics in Argentina ………………………………………………………..21 Methodology and Sources ………………………………………………………………..23 Chapter Structure ………………………………………………………………………….26 Chapter -
The Struggle of Argentina
Marije Oudshoorn The struggle of Argentina A research project about collective memory, reconciliation and dealing with a conflictive past Nijmegen, July 2013 The pictures of painted bicycles on the cover of this thesis are the work of art of the artist Fernando Traverso. During the dictatorship in Argentina he worked in the resistance until he was forced to go into exile. For members of the resistance, the bicycle was the primary mode of transport. Therefore, an abandoned bicycle on the street was the first sign that someone had disappeared. During the dictatorship 350 people disappeared in Rosario, of which 29 were friends of Traverso. In order to remember all those who have disappeared he painted 350 bicycles throughout the city of Rosario. This made the silhouette of the bicycle a metaphor of absence, which is, due to the art of Traverso, always present in the city of Rosario. www.00350.com.ar Marije Oudshoorn The struggle of Argentina A research project about collective memory, reconciliation and dealing with a conflictive past Master thesis to conclude the master program Conflicts, Territories and Identities of the Centre for International Conflict – Analysis and Management (CICAM) at the St. Radboud University in Nijmegen Supervised by dr. dr. S. Vukovic and G.M. Millar Second reader: dr. H.J. Swedlund Nijmegen, July 2013 Aan mam, Voor het altijd trots op me zijn Preface The product before you is a Master thesis about the conflictive past of Argentina, which is the result of the final assignment of the Master Conflicts, Territories and Identities of the Centre for International Conflict – Analysis and Management (CICAM) at the St. -
World Bank Document
For Official Use Only CASCR Review IEG Independent Evaluation Group I. CAS Data Country: ARGENTINA ~ ~ ~~ Public Disclosure Authorized CAS Year: FY06 I CAS Period: FY2006 - FY2008 2. Executive Summarv ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ I. The 2006 CAS followed three years of strong growth after the 2001-2002 crises, with prospects for continued growth in the short term. Sustainability of long-term growth, however, depended on structural reforms to consolidate fiscal adjustment and improve the investment climate. The overall objective of the CAS was to “to build an investment partnership to support Government efforts to transition from crisis recovery to sustained, private sector-ied growth with improved equity and reduced structural poverty.” The CAS retained the three pillars of the 2004 CAS-sustained growth with equity, social inclusion and improved governance. ii. The CAS recognized the small size of the Bank program and need for selectivity in lending, while seeking engagement across the full range of development challenges, mainly through AAA. The CAS Public Disclosure Authorized emphasized portfolio management and fiduciary issues, including a detailed Fiduciary Action Plan. The Bank’s planned lending program was US$3.3 billion for the three-year period to mid-FYO9 (December 2008) through investment lending only. Based on expected improvements in disbursement rates, it projected a reduction in exposure from US$6.9 billion to US$5.9 billion. Actual commitments were somewhat lower at US$2.6 billion (a large project to be considered by the Board in June would increase the total to US$3.4 billion). Together with lower-than-planned disbursements, the actual reduction in exposure was US$5.1 billion. -
1 the Evolution of a Social Movement: a Study of The
1 THE EVOLUTION OF A SOCIAL MOVEMENT: A STUDY OF THE MADRES DE PLAZA DE MAYO © 2014 By Grace Anne Boyd A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion Of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Center for Intelligence and Security Studies The University of Mississippi University, Mississippi May 2014 Approved: ______________________________ Dr. Gregory Love ______________________________ Dr. William Schenck ______________________________ Dr. Susan Allen 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge Dr. Greg Love for his guidance and help throughout the thesis process. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Will Schenck and Dr. Susan Allen for helping me draw out the main points of my research. I would like to thank my family and friends who tried to keep me sane during this project and tolerated me when I was not. 3 ABSTRACT GRACE ANNE MONTGOMERY BOYD: The Evolution of a Social Movement: A Study of the Madres de Plaza de Mayo (Under the direction of Greg Love) This thesis investigates the evolution of the Madres de Plaza de Mayo social movement in Argentina from 1979-2014. The Madres de Plaza de Mayo are a social movement that initiated protests against the military junta that controlled Argentina from 1976-1982. The Madres were the mothers of people the junta had “disappeared” during its regime, and the protests were a demand for information about the missing children. After the fall of the dictatorship, the movement continued its protest for information. During this time, the movement underwent a structural split that coincided with ideological structure. -
The Gran Chaco Jaguars 3
1 Slaughtering the Chaco forests Contents Executive Summary Beef export: The silent killer of the Gran Chaco jaguars 3 The extinction of the jaguar and its territory 4 Growth of intensive livestock farming and deforestation 10 The bloody side of the Argentine beef: linked to deforestation, ends up in Europe and Israel 19 Carnes Pampeanas S.A.: Argentine beef for sale in Germany, the Netherlands and Israel 20 Frigorífico Bermejo S.A: Argentine beef for sale in Germany and the Netherlands 33 The Gran Chaco: An “impenetrable” forest 43 Deforestation and climate crisis 47 Greenpeace demands 52 Annex 53 2 Executive Summary Beef export: The silent killer of the Gran Chaco jaguars The uncontrolled expansion of the livestock industry is generating a historical atrocity in a unique place: The Gran Chaco, the second largest forest ecosystem in South America, after the Amazon. There live 3,400 plant species, 500 bird species, 150 mammals, 120 reptiles, 100 amphibians, and over 4 million people, around 8% of whom are native people who depend on the forest to obtain food, water, lumber and medicine. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) ranked Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia among the ten countries with the most deforestation between 2010 and 2015. The Secretary of the Environment of Argentina estimates that between 1990 and 2017, a forest surface area of about 8 million football fields was lost. Around 80% of the land clearing is concentrated on the Chaco region in the provinces of Santiago del Estero, Salta, Chaco and Formosa, where over the last five years, deforestation due to intensive livestock farming has been more than double that of agriculture. -
Investing in Argentina Industry Approach
Investing in Argentina Industry Approach Financial Advisory Services Argentina November 2017 Content • Argentina – Country’s Overview • Industry Snapshot • Consumer Goods & Retail: Food, Beverages & Tobacco • Financial Services • Agribusiness • Telecommunications, Media & Technology • Energy © 2017 Deloitte & Co. S.A. All rights reserved. Argentina Country’s Overview Politic Regime Argentina Politic Regime Politics & Government System of Government: Federal republic with three branches of government. Executive (President), Legislative (Congress) and Judiciary (Supreme and Lower Courts). Federal Government:The country is divided into 23 provinces plus the autonomous city of Buenos Aires. Provinces have their own constitutions and executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. Congress: Divided into two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members are elected by popular vote. In the case of the Senate, members are elected for six-year terms. In the House, members are elected for four-year terms. Government Regime Executive Legislative Judiciary (President) (Congress) (Supreme & Lower Courts) Representatives President - Senate: 72 (3 per Supreme Court: 5 /Members Province + 3 for the members Buenos Aires City) - House of Representatives: 257 Elections Every four years - Senate: mandates Selected by the based on a two-round last 6 years. Elections president, with the system: the candidate are held every 2 years Senate approval, wins if he receives in which 1/3 of the and remain in either 45% of the vote Senate is voted. charge as long as or 40% and is 10% - House of they have the right ahead of the second Representatives: conduct. candidate. If not, a mandates last 4 years. When a member run-off takes place. -
Biographies of Speakers, Panelists and Moderators Sheila Abed De Zavala, Executive Director, Instituto De Derecho Y Economía Am
EUROPEAN COMMISSION REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Biographies of Speakers, Panelists and Moderators Sheila Abed de Zavala, Executive Director, Instituto de Derecho y Economía Ambiental (IDEA), Paraguay Ms. Abed is the Founder and Executive Director of the Paraguayan Environmental Law and Economics Institute (IDEA) and has had a vast and varied array of experience as a practicing environmental lawyer, representing the interests of government and civil society. IDEA works closely with parliamentarians, the judiciary and prosecutors, and is the permanent advisor to both Chambers of the Paraguayan Parliament, including the Commissions in charge of Natural Resources and the Environment. Under her guidance IDEA has received support of prestigious private, public and multi-lateral agencies. Sheila was recently elected President of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law. Maria Amparo Alban, Centro Ecuatoriano de Derecho Ambiental, Ecuador Maria Amparo Alban is an Ecuadorian Lawyer graduated from Pontifical Catholic University (PUCE) based in Quito. In 1995, obtained a master degree in Economic Law with a mention in International Negotiations and Environment, from Andean University Simon Bolivar (UASB). In 1995-1996 served as a political advisor for Vice-president Candidate Diego Cordovez, in charge of his political agenda. In 1996 co-founded CEDA – Ecuadorian Center for Environmental Law, with a group of Ecuadorian environmental lawyers. From 1995 has been linked with the Academia, teaching a course on trade and environment in the Schools of Economics and Law at PUCE, and other courses and seminars in other universities, national and international. She has worked in different legislative processes related to environment, in particular in charge of drafting the Biodiversity Law and the Access to Genetic Resources and Biosafety By-laws. -
Vineyard End of the World
The VINEYARD at the END OF THE WORLD Maverick Winemakers and the Rebirth of Malbec { IAN MOUNT W. W. NORTON & COMPANY NEW YORK LONDON CHAPTER 3 { LA Crisis Héctor Greco (with sunglasses) in Mendoza, 1980. Courtesy of Los Andes. N THE LAST HOURS of April 24, 1980, the brothers Héctor and IJosé Greco and their banker Jorge Bassil sat paging through the menu in the Pedemonte restaurant, a Buenos Aires landmark. Founded in 1890 by Italian immigrant José Pedemonte and famous for its arti- choke tart, the restaurant was decorated with sumptuous stained-glass windows, beveled mirrors, art nouveau boiserie, an oak bar, and well- buffed bronze chandeliers. Just blocks from the Casa Rosada (“Pink House”) presidential palace, it was the kind of place where political and cultural maestros went to do business and be seen. The Grecos and Bassil had recently left a tense meeting at the Cen- tral Bank of their country, which was being run by yet another military dictatorship. At the meeting, Héctor had refused to sign a document demanded by the military junta’s interior minister General Albano Harguindeguy and economy minister José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, and a police Ford Falcon had been tailing them since. The Falcon had been the junta’s model of choice for rounding up political enemies during the 1976–83 “Dirty War,” in which up to thirty thousand left- ist regime opponents were “disappeared.” Its presence sent a clear mes- sage; the brothers were not surprised to be arrested at the Pedemonte. 77 The VINEYARD at the END OF THE WORLD Owners of Argentina’s largest wine business, with almost half of the market, Héctor Greco and his associates were soon charged with monop- olistic practices and the Orwellian crime of “economic subversion.” The three businessmen were bundled off to prison, and their empire, with its twelve thousand employees spread across forty-seven businesses (includ- ing a newspaper, three banks, and three dozen bodegas), quickly ceased to exist. -
Environmental Risks, Demographic Dynamic and Life Quality. Argentina at Beginning of Xxi Century in This Work We Will Study
ActA UniversitAtis cArolinAe 2010 geogrAPHicA, no . 2, PAg . 115–134 Environmental risks, demographic dynamic and Life Quality. Argentina at beginning of XXI century Guillermo Angel veláZqUeZ Director centro de investigaciones geográficas Unicen . investigador Principal conicet Abstract in this work we analyze the relationship among: 1) certain environmental risks: Flood problems, earthquakes, tornadoes and soil degradation, 2) Demographic dynamics (inter census growth and migratory balances) and 3) grade of life level quality of Argentinian people . We use a Geographical information system (gis) in which we have done the digitalization of the respective layers of environmental risks . Following, we examine the information on demographic dynamics . At last, we present a synthetic index of the population’s life quality, which was elaborated starting from a combination of weighted indicators of environmental and socioeconomic dimensions (education, health and housing) . the next step is to study the demographic behaviour and the grade of well-being of Argentina’s people different segments for each one of the environmental risks . We start from an operation of overlapping of different layers (for example: flood risk, growth rate, migration balance, etc) . All previous stepladder let us size and compare the obtained life quality index with Demographic Dynamics according to the degree of affectation of each one of the considered physical-environmental events . Finally we can establish the future scenario by projecting these phenomena impacts into the process of global environmental change . Key Words: life quality index, Demographic Dynamic, environmental risks, Argentina 1. Introduction in this work we will study the relationship among environmental risks (flood problems, earthquakes, tornadoes and soil degradation), demographic dynamics (inter- census growth and migration balances) and the life quality level of Argentinian people .