Poliovirus Detection and Genetic Characteristic from Sewage In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Poliovirus Detection and Genetic Characteristic from Sewage In Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 71, 442–447, 2018 Original Article Poliovirus Detection and Genetic Characteristic from Sewage in Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2016 Yujie Ma*, Xiaoyu Wang, Xue Zhou, Po Lv, Han Wang, Jing Song, Changjiang Song, and Zhaodan Sun Institute of Planned Immunity, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 40 Youfang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China SUMMARY: By monitoring the sewage system in Heilongjiang province from 2013 to 2016, this study aimed to analyze the epidemiological tendency and genetic mutation of poliovirus (PV) found in the ­environment in order to setup a warning system for vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) and the spread of wild poliovirus. In this study, we collected 139 sewage samples from 8 regions in Heilongjiang province. Poliovirus was identified from 72 samples, and the positivity rate was 51%. A total of 263 PV strains were isolated, including 22 strains of type 1 PV, 104 strains of type 2 PV, and 137 strains of type 3 PV. As a result of intratypic differentiation, using real-time PCR and nucleotide sequencing, 3 type 1 pre-VDPV, one type 2 VDPV, and 2 type 3 pre-VDPV strains were isolated. Interestingly, one type 1 strain with 5 nucleotide deletions and one type 3 recombinant on VP1 were isolated. By continuously monitoring the poliovirus in the environment, we aimed to recognize the VDPV or wild poliovirus with high neuroviru- lence from large-scale circulation and set up a warning system to avoid morbidity and virus transmission. tion of WPV and circulating VDPV (cVDPV). In addi- INTRODUCTION tion, it can provide a solid basis for prevention and con- Polioviruses (PVs) mainly spread by fecal-oral trans- trol of poliovirus outbreak. mission, and PVs usually cause inapparent infection after infecting a human host. However, in some cases, PV can MATERIALS AND METHODS cause numbness or even permanent disability. Thanks to the widespread use of oral poliomyelitis attenuated live Monitoring area, sampling frequency, and sample vaccine (OPV), the global effort to eradicate poliovirus quantity between 2013 and 2016: As the capital city of has made a significant progress. However, in some Heilongjiang Province, Harbin city has a vast floating neighboring countries of China (such as in Pakistan and population; hence, the status of PV found in the environ- Afghanistan), there are still transmissions of wild polio- ment should be monitored. We set major urban area and virus (WPV) which have not been blocked at all. Hence, Shuangcheng County as the 2 sampling sites. In the China remains at risk of cross-border transmission of ­urban area of Harbin City, samples were collected once a WPV (1,2). A poliovirus vaccine strain undergoes gene month and a total of 48 samples were collected. In mutation and genetic recombination during the replica- ­Shuangcheng County, 40 sewage samples were col- tion process in the human body. Revertant mutations lected. Along the border area and the area that was af- ­occurring in some attenuated positions may increase fected by flood in 2013, 6 sampling sites, with higher neurovirulence, which are known to have caused several risk of WPV spread, were chosen. The samples were outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis in the different parts ­collected in summer because the sewage water during of the world (3,4). Therefore, the emergence of vaccine- this season was more suitable for poliovirus survival. In derived poliovirus (VDPV) is gaining more attention in Fuyuan county of Jiamusi city, Tongjiang county of many countries. PV has a strong ability to survive in the ­Jiamusi city, and Mudanjiang city, 9 samples were col- environment, and a large number of viruses excreted into lected in each area. In Aihui District of Heihe city, 12 the environment will survive for a certain period and re- samples were collected. In Zhaoyuan county of Daqing main infectious (5). Continuous monitoring of the exter- city and Suifenhe county of Mudanjiang city, 6 samples nal environment is helpful to understand the distribution were collected (Table 1). The distribution of sampling of poliovirus in the environment and for the early detec- sites is illustrated in Fig. 1. One liter of sewage water was collected from the entry point of local sewage treat- ment plants at each sampling site in continuation with the environmental monitoring work. Received July 27, 2017. Accepted June 28, 2018. Sample transportation and treatment: Within 48 h, J-STAGE Advance Publication July 31, 2018. all the sewage samples were placed in refrigerated trans- DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.338 portation and sent to the polio laboratory of Heilongjiang *Corresponding author: Mailing address: Institute of Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Planned Immunity, Heilongjiang Center for Disease Con- (Heilongjiang CDC), and the sewage samples were con- trol and Prevention, 40 Youfang Street, Xiangfang District, centrated and enriched using the filter adsorption and Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China. Tel: +86- elution method. Approximately 500 mL of each sample 451-55153604, E-mail: [email protected] was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 30 min at a temperature 442 Poliovirus Detection and Genetic Characteristic Analysis Table 1. Environment surveillance situation in Heilongjiang province between 2013 and 2016 Sample Sample No. of Sampling Sample PV+ Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Total Sampling period no. of no. of NPEV sites no. rate% strains strains strains strains PV+ NPEV+ isolate Haerbin Jan. 2013–Dec. 2016 48 32 66.7 18 53 58 129 38 135 Shuangcheng Sep. 2013–Dec. 2016 40 15 37.5 0 22 13 35 13 45 Heihe Jul., Aug., Sep. of 2013–2016 12 7 58.3 1 6 13 20 8 15 Fuyuan Jul., Aug., Sep. of 2013, 2014 and 2016 9 6 66.7 0 17 31 48 2 13 Tongjiang Jul., Aug., Sep. of 2013, 2014 and 2016 9 4 44.4 1 0 8 9 6 35 Apr., May, Jun. of 2013; Mudanjiang 9 3 33.3 0 5 6 11 5 19 Jul., Aug., Sep. of 2013–2014 Suifenhe Jul., Aug., Sep. of 2013 and 2016 6 3 50.0 0 0 5 5 6 42 Zhaoyuan Jul., Aug., Sep. of 2014 and 2016 6 2 33.3 2 1 3 6 4 8 Total — 139 72 51.8 22 104 137 263 82 312 rus cytopathic effects in RD or HEp-2 cells were re- inoculated onto L20B cells. Positive L20B isolates were collected, and the poliovirus type-specific polyclonal an- tiserum (produced by RVIM, provided by the WHO and China CDC polio laboratory) was used for identification (7). All PV isolates were confirmed by intratypic differ- entiation (ITD). PV isolates collected before December 2014 were shipped to China CDC for ITD confirmation process and after January 2015, ITD for PV isolates was conducted in Heilongjiang CDC. Sequencing of VP1 region: The primer set of UG1/ UC11 was used for amplification of VP1 region with the sequence of UG1:5′-TTTGTGTCAGCGTGTAATGA- 3′, and UC11:5′-AAGAGGTCTCTATTCCACAT-3′. The sequencing work was conducted by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Three levels of the national criteria for originated strain of Sabin vaccine were used to assess Fig. 1. Distribution of sampling sites and poliovirus strains iso- lated in Heilongjiang Province. Each dot indicated one VDPV the risk for polio. Three levels of diagnosis for poliomy- or pre-VDPV strain. elitis in China are Sabin like (SL), pre-VDPV, and VDPV. The sequencing results of Sabin strains were compared as follows: in the VP1 coding region, the of 4°C. About 2.5 M of MgCl2 solution was added into ­nucleotide sequence variations of VDPV types 1 and 3 the supernatant to make a final concentration of 0.05 M, were ≥ 10 and < 135 (mutation rate: > 1% and < 15%), and 0.5 N HCl was used to adjust the total pH value to respectively, while those of VDPV type 2 were ≥ 6 and 3.5. A cellulose nitrate membrane filter (0.45-μm pore < 135 (mutation rate: > 0.6% and < 15%). In the VP1 size; model no. 31023150; Toyo Roshi, Tokyo, Japan) coding region, if the nucleotide sequence variations of was used as a virus adsorbent utilizing a multi-position types 1 and 3 were between 6 and 9, they were judged as filtration system (BioVac321B; Chemvak, Germany). high-mutant strains (pre-VDPV) (8). PV strains whose The membranes were cut into pieces after collection. mutation standards did not qualify for VDPV and pre- The viruses adsorbed on the membrane fragments were VDPV were classified as Sabin like (SL). eluted into 10 mL of 3% beef extract solution with a pH Sequence analysis: The Sequencher 5.2.4 software value of 9 using a vortex mixer. After the collection of was used to analyze the sequencing results. In the com- eluents, another 10 mL of 3% beef extract was added parative analysis, Sabin 1, 2, and 3 strains had completed into the rest of the membrane fragments for the second sequences on Genbank respectively: AY184219.1, elution process. The first eluent and the second eluent AY184220.1 and AY184221. The VP1 sequence codes were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 30 min. The superna- of Sabin 1, 2, and 3 strains on GenBank were tant was collected after filtration using a 0.45-μm filter AY082688.1, AY082679.1, and AY082683.1, respec- for virus isolation experiments (6). tively. Isolation and identification of the poliovirus: The sewage concentrates were inoculated in human rhabdo- RESULTS myosarcoma (RD) cells, mouse cell lines expressing the human cellular receptor gene for poliovirus (L20B), and Isolation of PVs from sewage samples collected human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp-2) filled with mono- from the external environment: Between 2013 and layer cells to detect and isolate the poliovirus.
Recommended publications
  • Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: a Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values*
    Educated Youth Should Go to the Rural Areas: A Tale of Education, Employment and Social Values* Yang You† Harvard University This draft: July 2018 Abstract I use a quasi-random urban-dweller allocation in rural areas during Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement to identify human capital externalities in education, employment, and social values. First, rural residents acquired an additional 0.1-0.2 years of education from a 1% increase in the density of sent-down youth measured by the number of sent-down youth in 1969 over the population size in 1982. Second, as economic outcomes, people educated during the rustication period suffered from less non-agricultural employment in 1990. Conversely, in 2000, they enjoyed increased hiring in all non-agricultural occupations and lower unemployment. Third, sent-down youth changed the social values of rural residents who reported higher levels of trust, enhanced subjective well-being, altered trust from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine, and shifted job attitudes from objective cognitive assessments to affective job satisfaction. To explore the mechanism, I document that sent-down youth served as rural teachers with two new county-level datasets. Keywords: Human Capital Externality, Sent-down Youth, Rural Educational Development, Employment Dynamics, Social Values, Culture JEL: A13, N95, O15, I31, I25, I26 * This paper was previously titled and circulated, “Does living near urban dwellers make you smarter” in 2017 and “The golden era of Chinese rural education: evidence from Mao’s Mass Rustication Movement 1968-1980” in 2015. I am grateful to Richard Freeman, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin, Wei Huang, Lawrence Katz, Lingsheng Meng, Nathan Nunn, Min Ouyang, Andrei Shleifer, and participants at the Harvard Economic History Lunch Seminar, Harvard Development Economics Lunch Seminar, and Harvard China Economy Seminar, for their helpful comments.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Annual Report.PDF
    HAITONG SECURITIES CO., LTD. 海通證券股份有限公司 Annual Report 2016 2016 Annual Report 年度報告 CONTENTS Section I Definition and Important Risk Warnings 3 Section II Company Profile and Key Financial Indicators 7 Section III Summary of the Company’s Business 23 Section IV Report of the Board of Directors 28 Section V Significant Events 62 Section VI Changes in Ordinary Share and Particulars about Shareholders 91 Section VII Preferred Shares 100 Section VIII Particulars about Directors, Supervisors, Senior Management and Employees 101 Section IX Corporate Governance 149 Section X Corporate Bonds 184 Section XI Financial Report 193 Section XII Documents Available for Inspection 194 Section XIII Information Disclosure of Securities Company 195 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Board, the Supervisory Committee, Directors, Supervisors and senior management of the Company represent and warrant that this annual report (this “Report”) is true, accurate and complete and does not contain any false records, misleading statements or material omission and jointly and severally take full legal responsibility as to the contents herein. This Report was reviewed and passed at the twenty-third meeting of the sixth session of the Board. The number of Directors to attend the Board meeting should be 13 and the number of Directors having actually attended the Board meeting was 11. Director Li Guangrong, was unable to attend the Board meeting in person due to business travel, and had appointed Director Zhang Ming to vote on his behalf. Director Feng Lun was unable to attend the Board meeting in person due to business travel and had appointed Director Xiao Suining to vote on his behalf.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis on the Design and Development Countermeasures of Eco-Tourism Routes in Shengshan National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province
    International Journal of New Developments in Engineering and Society ISSN 2522-3488 Vol. 3, Issue 2: 252-255, DOI: 10.25236/IJNDES.19233 Analysis on the Design and Development Countermeasures of Eco-tourism Routes in Shengshan National Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province Zhao Zhuang1, Wang Wen2* ,Yang Yilin3 1. College of Business Administration, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2. Professor, Beijing Research Center for Science of Science, Beijing, China 3. Basic Teaching Department , Liaoyuan Vocational Technical College, Liaoyuan, Jilin , China *Corresponding Author ABSTRACT. Heilongjiang Shengshan national nature reserve is located in the southwest of Aihui district, Heihe city, Heilongjiang province, China. The reserve provides ideal places for the survival and breeding of many rare wild animal and plants, and provides a good foundation for the development of ecological tourism. Taking Shengshan national nature reserve in Heilongjiang province as the research object, this paper firstly analyzes the general situation of eco-tourism resources in Shengshan nature reserve, and secondly analyzes the development status of local tourism. Thirdly, we design ecotourism routes. Finally, on the basis of the above analysis, the countermeasures for the development of Eco-tourism in the reserve are put forward. KEYWORDS: Current situation, Eco-tourism products, Route design, Countermeasure 1. Introduction There is a considerable amount of research on eco-tourism development in nature reserve at China and abroad .Zhao Zhuang and Wang Wen(2010) studied the landscape quality evaluation of Shengshan national nature reserve and they found the countermeasures for Eco-tourism development [1-2].Rugayah Hashima et al. (2015) studied the sustainable regeneration function of Langkawi island ecosystem in Malaysia through ecotourism.[3].Guo Jinhui,Sun and Yujun.Studied the Evaluation System of Community Participation in Ecotourism in Nature Reserves [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Songhua River Flood Management Sector Project
    Resettlement Planning Document Resettlement Plan Document Stage: Final Project Number: 33437-01 January 2009 Zhaoyuan County Dike Subproject, Heilongjiang Province Under People’s Republic of China: Songhua River Flood Management Sector Project Prepared by Heilongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy and Hydropower Investigation, Design and Research Institute The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Resettlement Plan for Zhaoyuan County Dike Subproject Approved by: Dai Chunsheng Liu Jiahai Examined and Reviewed by: Zhang Ming Person in charge: Liu Zhonghong Participator: Liu Zhong Hong Mu Qiuxin Lan Chaochen Bai Zhongyi Zhang Yanlong Yuan Guoqiang Zhao Zhihui Zhang Dechen Translated by: Zhang Dechen MAJOR ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank BH Bureau of Hydrology CNY Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPB Environmental Protection Bureau EU Environmental Unit FMS Flood Management System GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GIWP General Institute of Water Resources Design and Planning HQ Headquarters IRBM Integrated River Basin Management IEE Initial Environmental Evaluation MLR Ministry of Land and Resources MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOC Ministry of Construction MOF Ministry of Finance MoU Memorandum of Understanding MWR Ministry of Water Resources, PRC NIDRI Northeast Investigation, Design and Research Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Control Strategies on Prevalence, Incidence and Re-Infection of Clonorchiasis in Endemic Areas of China
    Effect of Control Strategies on Prevalence, Incidence and Re-infection of Clonorchiasis in Endemic Areas of China Min-Ho Choi1, Sue K. Park2,3, Zhimin Li4, Zhuo Ji4, Gui Yu5, Zheng Feng6, Longqi Xu6, Seung-Yull Cho7, Han-Jong Rim8, Soon-Hyung Lee1,8, Sung-Tae Hong1* 1 Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 2 Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 3 Institute of Health Policy Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 4 Heilongjiang Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, China, 5 Zhaoyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, China, 6 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China, 7 Department of Molecular Parasitology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, 8 Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea Abstract Background: A pilot clonorchiasis control project was implemented to evaluate the efficacies of various chemotherapy strategies on prevalence, incidence and re-infection in Heilongjiang Province, China. Methods and Findings: Seven intervention groups (14,139 residents, about 2000 in each group) in heavily or moderately endemic areas were subjected to repeated praziquantel administration from 2001 to 2004. In the selective chemotherapy groups, residents were examined for fecal eggs, and those who tested positive were treated with three doses of 25 mg/kg praziquantel at 5-hour-intervals in one day. However, all residents were treated in the mass chemotherapy groups. In heavily endemic areas, two mass treatments of all residents in 2001 and 2003 reduced the prevalence from 69.5% to 18.8%, while four annual mass treatments reduced the prevalence from 48.0% in 2001 to 8.4% in 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • 5 January 2021
    Singapore | Immigration | 5 January 2021 Immigration news alerts COVID-19 The COVID-19 situation is a rapidly evolving situation, and authorities across the globe frequently update their travel advisories and immigration policies in response to the outbreak situation on the ground. In this series of news alerts, we will provide you with the latest news to keep you up to date on the developments in our region. For the latest country-specific travel restrictions and immigration information in relation to COVID-19, visit gowork.ges.deloitte to view Deloitte’s digital travel map (beta release) Note: If you have trouble accessing any of the links below, please try to copy and paste them directly into your browser. Macao Medical observations required for all arrivals to Macao Centre for Disease Control and Prevention | 5 January 2021 All arrivals who have been to the following territories within the past 14 days prior to their entry into Macao must, at the discretion of the health authorities, undergo medical observation at a designated venue for 14 days: • Shenyang City of Liaoning Province (w.e.f. 6.00 a.m. on 5 January 2021) • Dalian City of Liaoning Province (w.e.f. 6.00 a.m. on 3 January 2021) • Renhe Town of Shunyi District, Beijing (w.e.f. 6.00 a.m. on 3 January 2021) • Nancai Town of Shunyi District, Beijing (w.e.f. 6.00 a.m. on 2 January 2021) • Aihui District of Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province (w.e.f. 12.00 p.m. on 31 December 2020) • Nanfaxin Town, Gaoliying Town or Shengli Subdistrict of Shunyi District, Beijing (w.e.f.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 310 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019) Exploring the Strategy for Inheritance of Heilongjiang Province's Traditional Dance in Colleges and Universities Taking the Traditional Dance of Oroqen as an Example* Rui Zhang Weibo Dang College of Music College of Music Heihe University Heihe University Heihe, China Heihe, China Abstract—Taking the traditional dance of Oroqen in Heilongjiang Province as an example, this paper studies and II. THE ORIGIN OF OROQEN DANCE analyzes the origin of Oroqen dance and the significance of The Chinese Oroqen people mainly live in Inner inheritance of Oroqen dance in colleges and universities, Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province. further explores the strategy for inheritance of Heilongjiang In Heilongjiang Province, Oroqen people mainly live in Province's traditional dance in colleges and universities and Xunke County of Heihe City, Aihui District, Huma County puts forward ideas for colleges and universities to further and Jiayin County of Yichun City in Greater Khingan Range expand “intangible cultural heritage” protection and improve the protection level. region. The Oroqen is one of the ethnic minorities with a small population in the northeastern part of China. It is a Keywords—traditional dance; colleges and universities; nation living on hunting. Before the middle of 17th century, strategy the Oroqen people were distributed in the east of Lake Baikal, the north of Heilongjiang River and the vast area centered on Jingqili River. In the history, there were mainly Bo Shiwei I. INTRODUCTION people and Shenmoda Shiwei people.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    HAITONG SECURITIES CO., LTD. 海通證券股份有限公司 Annual Report 2019 2019 年度報告 2019 年度報告 Annual Report CONTENTS Section I DEFINITIONS AND MATERIAL RISK WARNINGS 4 Section II COMPANY PROFILE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS 8 Section III SUMMARY OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS 25 Section IV REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 33 Section V SIGNIFICANT EVENTS 85 Section VI CHANGES IN ORDINARY SHARES AND PARTICULARS ABOUT SHAREHOLDERS 123 Section VII PREFERENCE SHARES 134 Section VIII DIRECTORS, SUPERVISORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 135 Section IX CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 191 Section X CORPORATE BONDS 233 Section XI FINANCIAL REPORT 242 Section XII DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR INSPECTION 243 Section XIII INFORMATION DISCLOSURES OF SECURITIES COMPANY 244 IMPORTANT NOTICE The Board, the Supervisory Committee, Directors, Supervisors and senior management of the Company warrant the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of contents of this annual report (the “Report”) and that there is no false representation, misleading statement contained herein or material omission from this Report, for which they will assume joint and several liabilities. This Report was considered and approved at the seventh meeting of the seventh session of the Board. All the Directors of the Company attended the Board meeting. None of the Directors or Supervisors has made any objection to this Report. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu and Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP (Special General Partnership)) have audited the annual financial reports of the Company prepared in accordance with PRC GAAP and IFRS respectively, and issued a standard and unqualified audit report of the Company. All financial data in this Report are denominated in RMB unless otherwise indicated.
    [Show full text]
  • Company Presentation
    2018 Annual Results Company Presentation March 2019 CONTENTS 1. Operational Review 2. Financial Review 3. Development Strategies 4. Appendix Full Year Results in line with Guidance Core Profit up 19.8% to RMB4,471 million Retail Gas Sales Volume up 20.0% to 17.37bcm Newly Installed Designed Daily Capacity for C/I Customers 18.65mil m3 Developed 2.30mil Residential Customers 2 Growing Customer Base 2018 2017 Change New C/I Customers Development (site) 29,226 23,200 26.0% Accumulated C/I Customers (site) 121,105 91,879 31.8% Newly Installed Designed Daily Capacity for C/I Customers (‘000 m3) 18,652 16,718 11.6% Accumulated Installed Designed Daily Capacity for C/I Customers (‘000 m3) 106,553 87,901 21.2% New Residential Customers Development (‘000 household) 2,302 2,074 11.0% Accumulated Residential Customers (‘000 household) 18,523 16,221 14.2% New C/I Customers Breakdown New Residential Customers Breakdown (by installed capacity m3) (by household) 3 Strong Gas Sales Volume Growth Total Natural Gas Sales Volume Retail Gas Sales Volume Breakdown million m3 (million m3) 2018 2017 Change Commercial & Industrial 13,225 10,931 21.0% 23,328 Residential 2,885 2,148 34.3% 19,617 Vehicle Refuelling Stations 1,260 1,396 -9.7% C/I Gas Sales accounted for 76.1% 20.0% 2018 2017 4 Dollar Margin Analysis ASP & Gas Cost (RMB/m3) 2018 2017 Residential 2.67 2.66 1. The percentage of residential Commercial & Industrial 3.08 2.92 volume with lower DM increased Vehicle Refuelling Stations 3.95 3.54 2.
    [Show full text]
  • CHINA GAS HOLDINGS LIMITED 中 國 燃 氣 控 股 有 限 公 司* (Incorporated in Bermuda with Limited Liability) (Stock Code: 384)
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. CHINA GAS HOLDINGS LIMITED 中 國 燃 氣 控 股 有 限 公 司* (Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (Stock Code: 384) INTERIM RESULTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2018 The board of directors (the ‘‘Board’’ or the ‘‘Directors’’) of China Gas Holdings Limited (the ‘‘Company’’) announces the condensed consolidated financial results of the Company and its subsidiaries (the ‘‘Group’’) for the six months ended 30 September 2018, together with the comparative figures for the six months ended 30 September 2017, as follows: CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the six months ended 30 September 2018 Six months ended 30 September 30 September 2018 2017 Notes HK$’000 HK$’000 (unaudited) (unaudited) Revenue 3 28,877,197 20,875,350 Cost of sales (22,377,321) (15,406,436) Gross profit 6,499,876 5,468,914 Other income 386,117 226,591 Other gains and losses 307,910 97,337 Selling and distribution costs (801,793) (691,961) Administrative expenses (920,331) (820,325) Share of results of associates 298,627 166,375 Share of results of joint ventures 457,540 594,017 6,227,946 5,040,948 Share-based payments (162,560) — Finance costs (539,100)
    [Show full text]
  • Announcement of Interim Results for the Six Months Ended 28 February 2021
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. Leader Education Limited 立德教育股份有限公司 (Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) (Stock Code: 1449) ANNOUNCEMENT OF INTERIM RESULTS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 28 FEBRUARY 2021 INTERIM RESULTS The board (the “Board”) of directors (the “Directors”) of Leader Education Limited (the “Company”) is pleased to announce the unaudited interim consolidated financial results of the Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively the “Group”, “our Group”, “we” or “us”) for the six months ended 28 February 2021 (the “Period”), together with the comparative figures for the corresponding period of 2020. HIGHLIGHTS Six months Six months ended ended 28 February 29 February Percentage 2021 2020 change RMB’000 RMB’000 Revenue 97,943 89,146 +9.9% Gross profit 48,714 49,485 -1.6% Profit before tax from continuing operations 30,530 30,510 – Profit for the period 30,530 29,033 +5.2% 1 INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the six months ended 28 February 2021 Six months Six months ended ended 28 February 29 February Notes 2021 2020 RMB’000 RMB’000 (Unaudited) (Audited) CONTINUING OPERATIONS REVENUE 4 97,943 89,146 Cost of
    [Show full text]