DOCSLIB.ORG

Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use As Assessed in 2002

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use As Assessed in 2002 E c o n o m i c & S o c i a l A f r s LEVELS AND TRENDS OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE AS ASSESSED IN 2002 United Nations ST/ESA/SER.A/239 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division LEVELS AND TRENDS OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE AS ASSESSED IN 2002 United Nations New York DESA The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations of “more developed regions” and “less developed regions” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. This publication has been issued without formal editing. ST/ESA/SER.A/239 ISBN UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. Copyright © United Nations 2006 All rights reserved PREFACE Studies of levels and trends of contraceptive use are carried out periodically by the Population Division of the Department of Social and Economic Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat as part of its effort to provide the international community with up-to-date and scientifically objective information on population and development. Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 2002 is the fifth report in the series of assessments of current contraceptive use. The first four reports were prepared in 1983, 1988, 1994 and 19981. The primary objective of the present report is to provide a comprehensive review of contraceptive use around the world. The review is based primarily on data obtained from nationally representative sample surveys. At the time this review was undertaken, contraceptive use data referring to 1980 or more recent years were available for 160 countries, including 125 developing countries and 35 developed countries. In 2002, those countries accounted for 96 per cent of the population of the world. As in the previous assessment of contraceptive use conducted in 1998, this report reviews the extent to which contraception is used around the world, examines the specific methods of contraception that are used, and analyses trends in contraceptive use. Past trends of contraceptive use are estimates based on data collected between the early 1970s and 2000, whereas figures for later years are projections derived by estimating the growth in contraceptive practice that will be needed if fertility is to decline in accordance with United Nations population projections as presented in World Population Prospects: the 2002 Revision2. Two important chapters are new in this review: a chapter analysing contraceptive use dynamics and another one reviewing national policies regarding fertility, contraception and population growth. The latest data on contraceptive use shown in this report has been published in a wall chart entitled World Contraceptive Use 20033. In addition, data are available in digital form. Interested users can purchase a CD- ROM4 containing the available contraceptive prevalence data by country for years starting in the 1980s to the present. Selected output from this report as well as other population information may be accessed on the Population Division’s web site at http://www.unpopulation.org. The Population Division gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the Council of Health Ministers of Gulf Co-operation Council States, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations regional commissions, ORC Macro and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in providing the great majority of the data that are used in this report. The Population Division also wishes to accord recognition and appreciation to Messrs. John Cleland, Mohamed Ali and Iqbal Shah who prepared a draft of the chapter on contraceptive use dynamics. Responsibility for this publication rests with the Population Division. Comments and suggestions on this report are welcome and may be addressed to the office of Ms. Hania Zlotnik, Director, Population Division/DESA, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA, at telephone (212) 963-3179 or fax (212) 963-2147. This report as well as related publications of the Population Division may be accessed at its website: www.unpopulation.org. 1 Recent Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1983 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.84.XIII.5); Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1988 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.89.XIII.4); Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.XIII.13); and Levels and Trends of Contraceptive Use as Assessed in 1998 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.01.XIII.4). 2 World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision, vol. I: Comprehensive Tables (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.XIII.6) and vol. II: Sex and Age Distribution of Populations (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.XIII.7). 3 World Contraceptive Use 2003, Wall Chart (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.04.XIII.2). 4 World Contraceptive Use 2003, Datasets in Excel Format (United Nations publication, POP/DB/CP/Rev.2003). iii CONTENTS Page Preface ................................................................................................................................................. iii Explanatory notes ..................................................................................................................................... ix Executive summary: English .................................................................................................................... xi Arabic ..................................................................................................................... xix Chinese ................................................................................................................... xxxiii French ..................................................................................................................... xli Russian ................................................................................................................... xlix Spanish ................................................................................................................... lix Chapter I. Levels of contraceptive use .............................................................................................................. 1 A. Contraceptive prevalence at the world level....................................................................... 3 B. Contraceptive prevalence in Africa .................................................................................... 3 C. Contraceptive prevalence in Asia ...................................................................................... 6 D. Contraceptive prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean ......................................... 13 E. Contraceptive prevalence in the Least Developed Countries ............................................ 13 F. Contraceptive prevalence in Europe and Northern America ............................................. 14 G. Contraceptive prevalence in Oceania ................................................................................. 15 II. Trends in contraceptive use.............................................................................................................. 17 A. Global and regional trends ............................................................................................... 17 B. Trends in contraceptive prevalence at the country level..................................................... 29 III. Specific contraceptive methods used ............................................................................................... 41 A. Prevalence of use of different contraceptive methods at the world level ........................... 41 B. Prevalence of use of different contraceptive methods by major area and region................ 45 C. Use of specific contraceptive methods................................................................................ 47 D. Number of users of specific methods, by major area and region........................................ 56 IV. Future trends in contraceptive use...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CEE Bulletin on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights No
    CEE Bulletin on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights No 07 (186) 2019 Table of contents: Burning Issue Regional Updates From ASTRA members Resources Upcoming events BURNING ISSUE World Health Organisation (WHO) launches a new set of guidelines on self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health and rights Self-care consisting of self-testing, self- diagnosis, self-management, self-medication, self-monitoring and self-educating is said to be able to reshape global and national health systems. Understood as an opportunity to promote autonomous decisions of a patient and support for a person-centered approach, self-care interventions allow people across the world to protect their health without the need of visiting a medical professional when it is not necessary for providing oneself with successful treatment. The publication offers solutions and guidelines that will help meet the Sustainable Development Goals, while assuring access to proper medical care to everyone, including representatives of underprivileged groups, inhabitants of the Global South region and people that struggle to find a medical professional in their vicinity. The document is WHO’s first set of consolidated guidelines - it shifts its approach to healthcare to a more patient-focused. The first edition of guidelines tackles topics related to sexual and reproductive health, presenting evidence-based recommendations on interventions for maternal health, contraception, cervical cancer, fertility and STIs, including HIV and safe abortion. Full document can be accessed here. Source: WHO REGIONAL UPDATES Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights report on Poland Commissioner Dunja Mijatović and her team visited Poland from 11 to 15 March 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion Rates
    MEASURE DHS assists countries worldwide in the collection and use of data to monitor and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs. Funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), MEASURE DHS is implemented by ORC Macro in Calverton, Maryland. The main objectives of the MEASURE DHS project are: 1) to provide decisionmakers in survey countries with information useful for informed policy choices, 2) to expand the international population and health database, 3) to advance survey methodology, and 4) to develop in participating countries the skills and resources necessary to conduct high-quality demographic and health surveys. Information about the MEASURE DHS project or the status of MEASURE DHS surveys is available on the Internet at http://www.measuredhs.com or by contacting: ORC Macro 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Calverton, MD 20705 USA Telephone: 301-572-0200 Fax: 301-572-0999 E-mail: [email protected] DHS Analytical Studies No. 8 Recent Trends in Abortion and Contraception in 12 Countries Charles F. Westoff Office of Population Research Princeton University ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA February 2005 This publication was made possible through support provided by the U.S. Agency for Interna- tional Development under the terms of Contract No. HRN-C-00-97-00019-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development Suggested citation: Westoff, Charles F. 2005. Recent Trends in Abortion and Contraception
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion and Modern Contraception Are Substitutes
    IZA DP No. 9809 Population Policy: Abortion and Modern Contraception Are Substitutes Grant Miller Christine Valente March 2016 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Population Policy: Abortion and Modern Contraception Are Substitutes Grant Miller Stanford University and NBER Christine Valente University of Bristol and IZA Discussion Paper No. 9809 March 2016 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Reasons for Women to Terminate a Pregnancy: a Qualitative Study
    University of Pretoria etd – Badenhorst, R (2005) Reasons for Women to Terminate a Pregnancy: a Qualitative Study by Ronel Badenhorst Student Number: 9143998 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Magister Artium (Demography) In the Faculty of Humanities Department of Sociology University of Pretoria July 2005 Supervisor: Dr M de Waal University of Pretoria etd – Badenhorst, R (2005) TABLE OF CONTENT Page number CHAPTER 1: ORIENTATION AND BACKGROUND 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Abortion Legislation 2 1.3. The International Arena 4 1.4. South African Liberalisation 6 1.5. South African Legislation 7 1.6. Rationale for the study and Problem Statement 8 1.7. Aim of the study 10 1.8. Delimitations of the study 10 1.9. Limitations of the study 10 1.10. Assumptions 11 1.11. Research Methodology 12 1.12. Summary 13 1.13. Chapter Layout 13 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Introduction 15 2.2. Reasons for women choosing to terminate a pregnancy 15 2.2.1. Contraception 20 2.2.2. HIV/AIDS 21 2.3. Ethical Considerations 26 2.4. Feminist Framework 30 2.5. Historical Perspective 35 i University of Pretoria etd – Badenhorst, R (2005) Page number 2.6. Human rights and Reproductive rights 38 2.6.1. The World Population Conference, Bucharest, 1974 39 2.6.2. The International Conference on Population, Mexico City, 1984 39 2.6.3. The International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 40 1994 2.7. South African Population Policies 44 2.8. Abortion Legislation 48 2.8.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Without Borders Increased Health Risks, but When the Procedure Is Performed in an Appro- by Susan A
    Issues & Implications involved in making travel arrange- ments and gathering the necessary Envisioning Life Without Roe: funds beyond just the medical costs. Abortion later in pregnancy carries Lessons Without Borders increased health risks, but when the procedure is performed in an appro- By Susan A. Cohen priate setting by a trained medical professional, those risks are still low. And they pale in comparison to the risks millions of women in develop- Abortion has been legal nationwide professional to safely perform an ille- ing countries take every day in hav- in the United States for 30 years. gal procedure. In those states that ing an illegal abortion. Statistics as well as the personal permitted abortion under very nar- accounts of physicians and women row circumstances, some were able Of the 46 million abortions occur- who are now grandmothers tell the to persuade hospital authorities that ring worldwide each year, 20 million tale of hardship, injury and death they fit the criteria. New York legal- are illegal. As was the case with due to American women’s under- ized abortion, without a residency affluent U.S. women in the years ground recourse to illegal, septic requirement, in 1970, which imme- before Roe, a small proportion of procedures in an earlier time. These diately put New York City on the women living in urban areas in some provide an important context for the map as an option for those women developing countries may be able to current debate over the future of who could afford to travel. Before afford the services of a private physi- legal abortion in the United States— that, it was an open secret that afflu- cian who can perform a safe, if still but the fact remains that the coun- ent American women would travel to illegal, abortion.
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion and Contraception in Georgia and Kazakhstan
    ABORTION AND CONTRACEPTION IN GEORGIA AND KAZAKHSTAN Suzanne Olds Charles F. Westoff ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was supported by the Open Society Institute—New York, in collaboration with Open Society Georgia Foundation. We would also like to thank the many individuals who provided information and insights. (Their names are cited in Appendix A.) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 4 Introduction 7 Georgia 8 Kazakhstan 28 Comparison Findings: 1995 to1999 35 Appendix A: List of Individuals Interviewed and Documents Reviewed 40 Appendix B: Supply Side Data Collection Framework 46 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 1999 “Reproductive Health Survey, Georgia” indicates that Georgia has a very high rate of legal abortion and low use of modern contraception. (A second survey will be conducted in 2005.) To explore contributing causes and factors and to develop critical recommendations for the Government of Georgia and health and population donor organizations, the Open Society Institute’s Network Public Health Programs sponsored, in collaboration with the Open Society Georgia Foundation, a report on Abortion and Contraception in Georgia and Kazakhstan in 2004. Key Findings While half of all Georgian women consider abortion a health risk, nearly 80 percent feel women should have the right to decide about her pregnancy, including the option of abortion. Some reasons for the high abortion rate in Georgia are: • A long reliance on abortion as birth control in the Soviet Union due to isolation from the development of modern, safe, and effective contraception elsewhere in the world; • An inadequate supply of government funded contraceptives due to high costs; • Attitudes and practices of the medical profession that favor abortion; • A health-care system that favors curative, high-level institutional care and procedures over a preventive health approach that includes family planning at the primary care level.
    [Show full text]
  • DHS Analytical Studies 1
    DHS Analytical Studies 1 The Substitution of Contraception for Abortion in Kazakhstan in the 1990s MEASURE DHS+ assists countries worldwide in the collection and use of data to monitor and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs. Funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), MEASURE DHS+ is implemented by ORC Macro in Calverton, Maryland. The main objectives of the MEASURE DHS+ project are: 1) to provide decisionmakers in survey countries with information useful for informed policy choices, 2) to expand the international population and health database, 3) to advance survey methodology, and 4) to develop in participating countries the skills and resources necessary to conduct high-quality demographic and health surveys. Information about the MEASURE DHS+ project or the status of MEASURE DHS+ surveys is available on the Internet at http://www.measuredhs.com or by contacting: ORC Macro 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Calverton, MD 20705 USA Telephone: 301-572-0200 Fax: 301-572-0999 E-mail: [email protected] DHS Analytical Studies No. 1 The Substitution of Contraception For Abortion in Kazakhstan in the 1990s Charles F. Westoff December 2000 ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland USA Recommended citation: Westoff, Charles F. 2000. The Substitution of Contraception for Abortion in Kazakhstan in the 1990s. DHS Analytical Studies No. 1. Calverton, Maryland: ORC Macro. Contents Page Preface ....................................................v Acknowledgments ........................................... vi Executive Summary
    [Show full text]
  • A New Approach to Estimating Abortion Rates [AS13]
    A NEW APPROACH TO ESTIMATING ABORTION RATES DHS ANALYTICAL STUDIES 13 SEPTEMBER 2008 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Charles F. Westoff of Princeton University. MEASURE DHS assists countries worldwide in the collection and use of data to monitor and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs. Additional information about the MEASURE DHS project can be obtained by contacting Macro International Inc., Demographic and Health Research Division, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705 (telephone: 301-572-0200; fax: 301-572-0999; e-mail: [email protected]; internet: www.measuredhs.com). The main objectives of the MEASURE DHS project are: • to provide decisionmakers in survey countries with information useful for informed policy choices; • to expand the international population and health database; • to advance survey methodology; and • to develop in participating countries the skills and resources necessary to conduct high-quality demographic and health surveys. DHS Analytical Studies No. 13 A New Approach to Estimating Abortion Rates Charles F. Westoff Princeton University Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland, USA September 2008 Address for correspondence: Charles F. Westoff, Offi ce of Population Research, Princeton University, Wal- lace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-2901; Phone: 609-258-5867; E-mail: [email protected]. Editor: Bryant Robey Document Production: Linda Sadler This study was carried out with support provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the MEASURE DHS project (#GPO-C-00-03-00002-00). The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of USAID RH/FP Activities in the E&E Region
    AN ASSESSMENT OF USAID REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING ACTIVITIES IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN AND EURASIAN REGION FEBRUARY 2005 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Pinar Senlet and Andrew Kantner through the POPTECH Project. This document is available in printed or online versions (POPTECH Publication Number 2004–192–031). To review and/or obtain a document online, see the POPTECH web site at www.poptechproject.com. Documents are also available through the Development Experience Clearinghouse (www.dec.org). Printed copies and additional information about this and other POPTECH publications may be obtained from The Population Technical Assistance Project 1101 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20005 Telephone: (202) 898-9040 Fax: (202) 898-9057 [email protected] Submitted by LTG Associates, Inc. and Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., to the United States Agency for International Development under USAID Contract No. HRN–C–00– 00–00007–00. AN ASSESSMENT OF USAID REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND FAMILY PLANNING ACTIVITIES IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN AND EURASIAN REGION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ARMENIA, KAZAKHSTAN, AND ROMANIA DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the support they received from the leadership and staff of the Office of Democracy, Governance and Social Transition, Bureau for Europe and Eurasia (EE/DGST) in conducting this evaluation. The team expresses special appreciation to Harriett Destler, team leader for health, EE/DGST, and Mary Jo Lazear, the former senior family planning adviser of the same office.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Contraceptive Faillure on Unintended Births and Induced
    DHS ANALYTICAL STUDIES 22 DHS ANALYTICAL THE IMPACT OF CONTRACEPTIVE FAILURE ON UNINTENDED BIRTHS AND INDUCED ABORTIONS: ESTIMATES AND STRATEGIES FOR REDUCTION THE IMPAC T OF C ON T RACEP TI VE DHS ANALYTICAL F A I LURE ON U N I STUDIES 22 N T ENDED B I R T HS AND INDUCED HS AB OR TI ONS: ONS: E S TI MA T ES AND ES ST RA T EG I ES FOR R EDUC TI ON SEPTEMBER 2011 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Sarah E.K. Bradley, Trevor N. Croft, and Shea O. Rutstein of ICF Macro. MEASURE DHS assists countries worldwide in the collection and use of data to monitor and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs. Additional information about the MEASURE DHS project can be obtained by contacting MEASURE DHS, ICF Macro, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705 (telephone: 301-572-0200; fax: 301-572-0999; e-mail: [email protected]; internet: www.measuredhs.com). The main objectives of the MEASURE DHS project are: • to provide decisionmakers in survey countries with information useful for informed policy choices; • to expand the international population and health database; • to advance survey methodology; and • to develop in participating countries the skills and resources necessary to conduct high-quality demographic and health surveys. DHS Analytical Studies No. 22 The Impact of Contraceptive Failure on Unintended Births and Induced Abortions: Estimates and Strategies for Reduction Sarah E.K. Bradley Trevor N. Croft Shea O. Rutstein ICF Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA September 2011 Corresponding author: Sarah E.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Unsafe Abortion
    Unsafe abortion Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2000 Fourth edition World Health Organization Geneva, 2004 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World Health Organization. Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2000. -- 4th ed. 1.Abortion, Induced - epidemiology 2.Abortion, Induced - mortality 3.Review literature I.Title. ISBN 92 4 159180 3 (NLM classification: WQ 440) © World Health Organization, 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution— should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The methodology of estimation has been reviewed and cleared for publication by Claudia Stein of the Evidence and Information for Policy (EIP) Cluster. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationships Between Contraception and Abortion: a Review of the Evidence
    ARTICLES Relationships Between Contraception and Abortion: A Review of the Evidence By Cicely Marston CONTEXT: The relationship between levels of contraceptive use and the incidence of induced abortion continues to and John Cleland provoke heated discussion, with some observers arguing that use of abortion decreases as contraceptive prevalence rises and others claiming that increased use of family planning methods causes abortion incidence to rise. At the time this article METHODS: was written, Cicely Abortion trends are examined in countries with reliable data on abortion and with contraceptive preva- Marston was a post- lence information from two points in time showing increases in contraceptive use. The role of changes in fertility in doctoral research mediating the relationship between abortion and contraception is also explored. fellow at the Centre for Population Studies, RESULTS: In seven countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Bulgaria, Turkey, Tunisia and Switzerland— London School of Hygiene & Tropical abortion incidence declined as prevalence of modern contraceptive use rose. In six others—Cuba, Denmark, Nether- Medicine; she is lands, the United States, Singapore and the Republic of Korea—levels of abortion and contraceptive use rose simultane- currently lecturer in ously. In all six of these countries, however, overall levels of fertility were falling during the period studied. After fertility social science and levels stabilized in several of the countries that had shown simultaneous rises in contraception and abortion, contracep- public health in the tive use continued to increase and abortion rates fell. The most clear-cut example of this trend is the Republic of Korea. Department of Social Science and Medicine, Imperial College, CONCLUSIONS: Rising contraceptive use results in reduced abortion incidence in settings where fertility itself is con- London.
    [Show full text]