DOCSLIB.ORG

Front Matter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Front Matter Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information GERMAN COLONIALISM Germany was a late-comer to the colonial world of the late nineteenth century, but this history of German colonialism makes clear the wide-reaching consequences of Germany’s short-lived colonial project. Sebastian Conrad charts the expan- sion of the empire from its origins in the acquisition of sub- stantial territories in present-day Togo, Cameroon, Namibia, and Tanzania to new settlements in east Asia and the Pacific, and reveals the colonialist culture which permeated the German nation and its politics. Drawing on the wider history of European expansion and globalization he highlights the close interactions and shared vocabularies of the colonial powers and emphasizes Germany’s major role in the period of high imperi- alism before 1914. Even beyond the official end of the empire in 1919 the quest for Lebensraum and the growth of the Nazi empire in eastern Europe can be viewed within a framework of colonialism whose effects resonate to the present day. Sebastian Conrad is Professor of Modern History at the Free University of Berlin. His previous books include Globalisation and the Nation in Imperial Germany (Cambridge, 2010) and The Quest for the Lost Nation: Writing History in Germany and Japan in the American Century (2010). © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information GERMAN COLONIALISM: ASHORTHISTORY SEBASTIAN CONRAD TRANSLATED BY SORCHA O’HAGAN © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107400474 Originally published in German as Deutsche Kolonialgeschichte by Verlag C. H. Beck oHG, Munich 2008 © Verlag C. H. Beck oHG, Munich 2008 First published in English as German Colonialism: A Short History by Cambridge University Press, 2012 English edition © Cambridge University Press 2012 Reprinted 2012 Th is publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Conrad, Sebastian. [Deutsche Kolonialgeschichte. English] German colonialism: a short history / Sebastian Conrad; translated by Sorcha O’Hagan. p. cm. “Originally published in German as Deutsche Kolonialgeschichte by Verlag C. H. Beck oHG, Munchen 2008” – T.p. verso. isbn 978-1-107-00814-4 – isbn 978-1-107-40047-4 (pbk.) 1. Germany – Colonies – History. 2. Germany – Foreign relations – 1871–1918. I. Title. jv2017.c6613 2011 325´.343–dc23 2011025088 isbn 978-1-107-00814-4 Hardback isbn 978-1-107-40047-4 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information Contents List of illustrations page vi List of maps xi Acknowledgements xii 1 Introduction 1 2 Colonialism before the colonial empire 15 3 Pressure groups, motivations, attitudes 21 4 The German colonial empire 36 5 The colonial state 66 6 Economy and work 88 7 Colonial society 100 8 Knowledge and colonialism 124 9 The colonial metropole 136 10 Colonialism in Europe 153 11 German colonialism and its global contexts 169 12 Memory 186 13 Selected readings 202 Index 224 v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information Illustrations 1 Satirical comparison of colonial politics (Germany, England, France, Belgium): Simplicissimus (3 May 1904), vol. ix, no. 6,p.55, caricature by Thomas Theodor Heine. page 2 2 Book Die koloniale Schuldlu¨ge by the former governor of German East Africa: Heinrich Schnee, Die koloniale Schuldlu¨ge, Munich (Süddeutsche Monatshefte) 1927 (7th edition), book cover. 7 3 Caricature of Bismarck’s lack of attention to colonialism: bpk / SBB / Dietmar Katz / 30002173. 22 4 Gerhard Rohlfs and Gustav Nachtigal on their expedition to Bornu in 1870: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 01-0017-12. 24 5 Colonial postcard showing Carl Peters and the outlines of the areas in east Africa which he had acquired: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 024-0277-12. 26 6 Satirical caricature of Germany’s civilizing mission: Simplicissimus (3 May 1904), vol. ix, no. 6,p.58, drawing by Wilhelm Schulz. 34 7 German settler and staff in front of a farm in the Ovambo area, German South-West Africa: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 071-2401-17. 40 8 General Lothar von Trotha and Governor Theodor Leutwein in Windhoek, German South-West Africa: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 082-2990-451. 41 vi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information List of illustrations vii 9 African workers with ivory ready for transportation: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 041-0243-44. 44 10 Rubber plantation: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 041-0232-32. 46 11 Mission school in Togo: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 042-0244-46. 49 12 Heinrich Schnee with parading askari: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 072-1998-014. 53 13 Albert Hahl, governor of New Guinea, with native people: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 043-4012-13. 56 14 Wilhelm Solf on a horse-drawn carriage: BArch, Bild 137-31813 / unknown photographer / CC-BY- SA 3.0. 57 15 Historical map showing the imperialist threat to China at the beginning of the twentieth century: National Archives, Washington. 60 16 Students in the German Chinese College in Qingdao: BArch, Bild 134-A380 / unknown photographer / CC-BY- SA 3.0. 61 17 German traveller carried by Togolese porters: bpk / 30002864. 70 18 Recruitment of Togolese natives for the protection force: ullstein bild, Archiv Gerstenberg, 00781213. 74 19 Samuel Maharero, leader of the Herero, in western uniform: BArch, Bild 137-003174 / unknown photographer / CC-BY- SA 3.0. 76 20 Colonial postcard illustrating German role in the Boxer war: Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin, designed by Bruno Bürger and Carl Ottilie, 96002034. 82 21 ‘Hun Speech’ of Emperor Wilhelm II in 1900: bpk / 30017349. 83 22 German cavalry entering in the Forbidden City after Boxer war: Getty Images, Hulton Archive, Keystone, 2665434. 84 23 General Lothar von Trotha with his staff in German South-West Africa: BArch, Bild 183-R27576 / unknown photographer / CC-BY-SA 3.0. 85 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-40047-4 - German Colonialism: A Short History Sebastian Conrad Frontmatter More information viii List of illustrations 24 Caravan crossing a stream: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 023-0262-33. 91 25 Chain gang of convicts in Dar es Salaam in East Africa: Library of Congress, Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection, E. M. Santos, LC-USZ62-91959. 94 26 Market day in Togo: Staatsarchiv Bremen, 7,1025 Fotos – 4288. 96 27 African workers on the railway line linking Dar es Salaam and Morogoro in German East Africa: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 072-1998-022. 98 28 View of the city of Qingdao: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 002-0055-11. 102 29 Colonial shooting club in Cameroon: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 043-3036-06. 104 30 Local court in German East Africa: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 042-0246-23. 108 31 Identification mark as used in German South-West Africa: Jürgen Zimmerer and Joachim Zeller (eds.), Völkermord in Deutsch-Su¨dwestafrika: Der Kolonialkrieg (1904–1908) in Namibia und seine Folgen, Berlin (Ch. Links) 2003,p.28, photograph by Joachim Zeller. 111 32 Mission school in Ovamboland in German South- West Africa: Koloniales Bildarchiv, UB Frankfurt am Main, 068-2179-266, Otto Neumeister, Reichskolonialbund-Bildstelle. 116 33 Albert Hahl with Tolai woman and their child: bpk / 30038861 / Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. 120 34 Robert Koch on research trip to Africa: ullstein bild, Noppens, 00232153. 130 35 German officers packing skulls of dead Herero: Anonymous, Meine Kriegserlebnisse in Deutsch- Su¨dwest-Afrika:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Class Action Complaint
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK _____________________________________________x VEKUII RUKORO, Paramount Chief of the Ovaherero People and Representative of the Ovaherero Traditional Authority; DAVID FREDERICK, Chief and Chairman of the Nama Traditional Authorities Association, Civ. No. 17-0062 THE ASSOCIATION OF THE OVAHERERO GENOCIDE IN THE USA INC.; and BARNABAS VERAA KATUUO, CLASS ACTION Individually and as an Officer of The Association of the COMPLAINT Ovaherero Genocide in the USA, Inc., on behalf of themselves and all other Ovaherero and Nama indigenous peoples, Plaintiffs, Jury Trial Demanded -against- FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, Defendant. _____________________________________________x Plaintiffs, by and through their attorneys, McCallion & Associates LLP, bring this Class Action Complaint against Defendant Federal Republic of Germany as follows: SUMMARY OF THE COMPLAINT 1. Plaintiffs bring this action on behalf of all the Ovaherero and Nama peoples for damages resulting from the horrific genocide and unlawful taking of property in violation of international law by the German colonial authorities during the 1885 to 1909 period in what was formerly known as South West Africa, and is now Namibia. Plaintiffs also bring this action to, among other things, enjoin and restrain the Federal Republic of Germany from continuing to exclude plaintiffs and other lawful representatives of the Ovaherero and Nama people from participation in discussions and negotiations regarding the subject matter of this Complaint, in violation of plaintiffs’ rights under international law, including the U.N. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People to self-determination for all indigenous peoples and their right to participate and speak for themselves regarding all matters relating to the losses that they have suffered.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 1:17-Cv-00062 Document 1 Filed 01/05/17 Page 1 of 22
    Case 1:17-cv-00062 Document 1 Filed 01/05/17 Page 1 of 22 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK _____________________________________________x VEKUII RUKORO, Paramount Chief of the Ovaherero People and Representative of the Ovaherero Traditional Authority; DAVID FREDERICK, Chief and Chairman of the Nama Traditional Authorities Association, Civ. No. THE ASSOCIATION OF THE OVAHERERO GENOCIDE IN THE USA INC.; and BARNABAS VERAA KATUUO, CLASS ACTION Individually and as an Officer of The Association of the COMPLAINT Ovaherero Genocide in the USA, Inc., on behalf of themselves and all other Ovaherero and Nama indigenous peoples, Plaintiffs, Jury Trial Demanded -against- FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, Defendant. _____________________________________________x Plaintiffs, by and through their attorneys, McCallion & Associates LLP, bring this Class Action Complaint against Defendant Federal Republic of Germany as follows: SUMMARY OF THE COMPLAINT 1. Plaintiffs bring this action on behalf of all the Ovaherero and Nama peoples for damages resulting from the horrific genocide and unlawful taking of property in violation of international law by the German colonial authorities during the 1885 to 1909 period in what was formerly known as South West Africa, and is now Namibia. Plaintiffs also bring this action to, among other things, enjoin and restrain the Federal Republic of Germany from continuing to exclude plaintiffs and other lawful representatives of the Ovaherero and Nama people from participation in discussions and negotiations regarding the subject matter of this Complaint, in Case 1:17-cv-00062 Document 1 Filed 01/05/17 Page 2 of 22 violation of plaintiffs’ rights under international law, including the U.N.
    [Show full text]
  • German Bundestag Motion
    German Bundestag Printed paper 18/5407 18th Electoral Term Date 01 July 2015 Motion submitted by Members of the Bundestag Niema Movassat, Wolfgang Gehrcke, Jan van Aken, Christine Buchholz, Sevim Daǧdelen, Dr. Diether Dehm, Annette Groth, Heike Hänsel, Inge Höger, Andrej Hunko, Ulla Jelpke, Katrin Kunert, Stefan Liebich, Dr. Alexander S. Neu, Alexander Ulrich, Dr. Sahra Wagenknecht and The LEFT PARTY parliamentary group Reconciliation with Namibia – remembrance and apology for the genocide in the former colony of German South-West Africa The German Bundestag is requested to adopt the following motion: I. The German Bundestag notes: 1. The German Bundestag remembers the atrocities perpetrated by the colonial troops of the German Empire in the former colony of German South-West Africa, and commemorates the victims of massacres, expulsions, expropriation, forced labour, rape, medical experiments, deportations and inhuman confinement in concentration camps. The war of extermination waged by German colonial troops in the years 1904 to 1908 resulted in the death of up to 80 percent of the Herero people, more than half of the Nama people, and a large part of the Damara and San ethnic groups. 2. The German Bundestag acknowledges the heavy burden of guilt that the German colonial troops incurred by carrying out these crimes against the Herero, Nama, Damara and San peoples. These war crimes, expulsions and massacres committed by the German Empire were genocide. The orders issued by Lieutenant General Lothar von Trotha on 2 October 1904 against the Herero and on 22 April 1905 against the Nama, along with the actual warfare that ensued, are clear evidence of the exterminatory intent towards these ethnic groups, which later also claimed the lives of Damara and San people.
    [Show full text]
  • Renaming Streets, Inverting Perspectives: Acts of Postcolonial Memory Citizenship in Berlin
    Focus on German Studies 20 41 Renaming Streets, Inverting Perspectives: Acts Of Postcolonial Memory Citizenship In Berlin Jenny Engler Humbolt University of Berlin n October 2004, the local assemblyman Christoph Ziermann proposed a motion to rename “Mohrenstraße” (Blackamoor Street) in the city center of Berlin (BVV- Mitte, “Drucksache 1507/II”) and thereby set in train a debate about how to deal Iwith the colonial past of Germany and the material and semantic marks of this past, present in public space. The proposal was discussed heatedly in the media, within the local assembly, in public meetings, in university departments, by historians and linguists, by postcolonial and anti-racist activists, by developmental non-profit organizations, by local politicians, and also by a newly founded citizens’ initiative, garnering much atten- tion. After much attention was given to “Mohrenstraße,” the issue of renaming, finally came to include the so-called African quarter in the north of Berlin, where several streets named after former colonial regions and, most notably, after colonial actors are located. The proposal to rename “Mohrenstraße” was refused by the local assembly. Nev- ertheless, the assembly passed a resolution that encourages the “critical examination of German colonialism in public streets” (BVV-Mitte, “Drucksache 1711/II”) and, ultimately, decided to set up an information board in the so-called African quarter in order to contextualize the street names (BVV-Mitte, “Drucksache 2112/III”). How- ever, the discussion of what the “critical
    [Show full text]
  • The Visual Archive of Colonialism: Germany and Namibia
    Photo-essay The Visual Archive of Colonialism: Germany and Namibia George Steinmetz and Julia Hell Colonial memories and images occupy a paradoxi- cal place in Germany. This is due in part to the peculiarities of German colo- nial history, but it also reflects another aspect of German exceptionalism — the legacy of Nazism and the Holocaust. In recent years German colonialism in Southwest Africa (Namibia) has been widely discussed, especially with respect to the attempted extermination of the Ovaherero people in 1904. For reasons explored in this article, these discussions of Germany’s involvement in Southwest Africa have created new and unexpected discursive connections that are reshap- ing colonial memories in both Germany and Namibia. One possible outcome could be a belated decolonization of the landscape of colonial memory in both countries. Postwar Germany was long preoccupied with its National Socialist prehistory; the German colonial past has only started to come into focus more recently.1 The years 2004 – 5 saw numerous commemorative events around the centenary of the 1904 German genocide of the Namibian Ovaherero people and the completion of the controversial Berlin Holocaust Memorial. On one level this is mere coinci- dence. At the same time, there is an increasing entanglement of these two central political topics. But little research has been done on the visual archive of German colonialism, in contrast to the extensive studies made of the public circulation of Thanks to Johannes von Moltke for helping us with the research into the November 2004 von Trotha – Maherero meeting. 1. For a discussion of the ways in which the formerly divided country’s Nazi past was thematized anew after 1989, see Julia Hell and Johannes von Moltke, “Unification Effects: Imaginary Land- scapes of the Berlin Republic,” in “The Cultural Logics of the Berlin Republic,” ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Niederschlagung Des Hereroaufstandes 1903- 1907
    Thema: Die Niederschlagung des Hereroaufstandes 1903- 1907 Fachbereich XI Geschichte, Zeitgeschichte und Politik Bearbeiter: Abschluss der Arbeit: 13. Oktober 2004 Reg.-Nr.: WD 1 - 080/04 Ausarbeitungen von Angehörigen der Wissenschaftlichen Dienste geben nicht die Auffassung des Deutschen Bundestages, eines seiner Organe oder der Bundestagsverwaltung wieder. Vielmehr liegen sie in der fachlichen Verantwortung des einzelnen Verfassers und der Fachbereichsleitung. Die Ausarbeitungen sind dazu bestimmt, das Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages, das sie in Auftrag gegeben hat, bei der Wahrnehmung des Mandats zu unterstützen. Der Deutsche Bundestag behält sich die Rechte der Veröffentlichung und Verbreitung vor. Diese bedürfen der Zustimmung des Direktors beim Deutschen Bundestag. - 2 - Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite 1. Einleitung 3 2. Die Kolonie Deutsch-Südwestafrika bis 1904 5 3. Kriegsursachen und Kriegsbeginn 7 4. Radikalisierung in der zweiten Kriegsphase 12 5. Internierung in Lagern 17 6. Ergebnisse und Folgen des Krieges gegen die Herero 19 7. Abschließende Bemerkungen zur Frage des „Völkermords“ 21 - 3 - 1. Einleitung Die Niederwerfung des Aufstandes der Herero im ehemaligen deutschen „Schutzgebiet“ Südwestafrika in den Jahren 1904-1907 fand in der deutschen Geschichtswissenschaft erst in jüngerer Zeit größeres Interesse. Dies ist erstaunlich, wurde der Krieg von deut- scher Seite doch mit solch brutaler Härte, begleitet von unvorstellbaren Gewaltexzessen und unter Hinnahme ungeheuer großer Opfer unter der indigenen Bevölkerung geführt,
    [Show full text]
  • Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914
    Delineating Dominion: Cartography and the Conception, Conquest and Control of Eastern Africa, 1844-1914 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert H. Clemm Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: John F. Guilmartin, Advisor Alan Beyerchen Ousman Kobo Copyright by Robert H Clemm 2012 Abstract This dissertation documents the ways in which cartography was used during the Scramble for Africa to conceptualize, conquer and administer newly-won European colonies. By comparing the actions of two colonial powers, Germany and Britain, this study exposes how cartography was a constant in the colonial process. Using a three-tiered model of “gazes” (Discoverer, Despot, and Developer) maps are analyzed to show both the different purposes they were used for as well as the common appropriative power of the map. In doing so this study traces how cartography facilitated the colonial process of empire building from the beginnings of exploration to the administration of the colonies of German and British East Africa. During the period of exploration maps served to make the territory of Africa, previously unknown, legible to European audiences. Under the gaze of the Despot the map was used to legitimize the conquest of territory and add a permanence to the European colonies. Lastly, maps aided the capitalist development of the colonies as they were harnessed to make the land, and people, “useful.” Of special highlight is the ways in which maps were used in a similar manner by both private and state entities, suggesting a common understanding of the power of the map.
    [Show full text]
  • Empire in the Heimat: Colonialism and Public Culture in the Third Reich'
    H-Diplo Zollmann on Sandler, 'Empire in the Heimat: Colonialism and Public Culture in the Third Reich' Review published on Saturday, August 17, 2019 Willeke Sandler. Empire in the Heimat: Colonialism and Public Culture in the Third Reich. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. 360 pp. $74.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-19-069790-7. Reviewed by Jakob Zollmann (WZB Berlin Social Science Center) Published on H-Diplo (August, 2019) Commissioned by Seth Offenbach (Bronx Community College, The City University of New York) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=53492 Lobbying Germans for Colonialism, Again Those in Germany who tried to make a case for colonies stood in a long tradition, since at least the 1860s. Also since the nineteenth century, it was an often deplored “fact” among German enthusiasts of colonialism that too few of their compatriots were thoroughly interested in the colonies. Once imperial Germany did “acquire” colonies, these enthusiasts abhorred the idea that—in their eyes—criticism of colonialism was widespread. Recent research on subaltern colonialisms in Germany has added a further layer of complexity that shows the ambivalent relations and tensions between colonialist leaders and lower-class Germans with regard to the colonies and “colonial (public) culture” in Germany.[1] And even at the highest echelons of society enthusiasm for colonialism was limited: official Germany, whether imperial or republican, refrained from “recognizing colonial engagements.” For instance, there were no state funerals for “colonial pioneers” (p. 2). German society honored only a few of them, such as Hermann Wissmann, with a monument before 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Kolonialausstellung Dresden 1939
    Das größte Pgrößte ProjektProjekt des Reichskolonialbundes: Die Kolonialausstellung Dresden 1939 Arne Schöfert 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung 2 Zur Geschichte des Reichskolonialbundes 3 Planung und Vorbereitung der Ausstellung 11 Aufbau und Struktur 11 Eröffnung und Besuch von Epps 17 „Merchandising“ 30 Gesamtbeurteilung, Danksagung 37 Register abgebildeter Personen 39 Literatur und Quellen 40 Bildquellen, Zitierweise 42 Einleitung Schon im Kaiserreich gab es eine Vielzahl von Kolonialausstellungen und Völkerschauen1. Die Kolonialausstellung 18962 in Berlin kann man als herausragenden Auftakt ansehen.3 Zu dieser Zeit bezweckten institutionelle und öffentliche Veranstalter das Interesse an den neuen Schutzgebieten im Volk zu wecken. Parallel dazu gab es viele kommerzielle Firmen und Personen, die mit ihren Angeboten vom Reiz des Exotischen und dem aktuellen Kolonialthema profitieren wollten. Nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs passten sich die Kommerziellen an, die Ausstellungen waren kaum oder gar nicht mehr an den ehemaligen deutschen Besitzungen orientiert, viel allgemeiner. Die staatlichen Stellen fielen praktisch weg. Es blieben die Kolonialverbände, vor allem die Deutsche Kolonial- gesellschaft (DKG), die immer wieder Ausstellungen organisierten, um den „kolonialen Gedanken im Volk wach zu halten“. Oftmals konnten sie hierbei Unterstützung in den Rathäusern der Städte finden. Erleichternd wirkte dabei sicher, daß viele Mitglieder der DKG dem gehobenen Bürgertum, der Industrie, dem Handel und dem Adel angehörten. Neben Ausstellungen wurden Vorträge, teils mit Lichtbildern und später auch Filmvorführungen organisiert. Auch in den Schulen wurden Ausstellungen initiiert, in dem man Lehrer und Schüler einband4. Das Instrumentarium wurde immer weiter perfektioniert, so daß der Reichskolonialbund, in dem die DKG 1933/36 aufging, einen umfangreichen Lagerbestand übernahm, aus dem wie aus dem Baukasten sehr schnell Ausstellungen oder Vorträge aufgebaut werden konnten.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ovaherero/Nama Genocide: a Case for an Apology and Reparations
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute) European Scientific Journal June 2017 /SPECIAL/ edition ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 The Ovaherero/Nama Genocide: A Case for an Apology and Reparations Nick Sprenger Robert G. Rodriguez, PhD Texas A&M University-Commerce Ngondi A. Kamaṱuka, PhD University of Kansas Abstract This research examines the consequences of the Ovaherero and Nama massacres occurring in modern Namibia from 1904-08 and perpetuated by Imperial Germany. Recent political advances made by, among other groups, the Association of the Ovaherero Genocide in the United States of America, toward mutual understanding with the Federal Republic of Germany necessitates a comprehensive study about the event itself, its long-term implications, and the more current vocalization toward an apology and reparations for the Ovaherero and Nama peoples. Resulting from the Extermination Orders of 1904 and 1905 as articulated by Kaiser Wilhelm II’s Imperial Germany, over 65,000 Ovaherero and 10,000 Nama peoples perished in what was the first systematic genocide of the twentieth century. This study assesses the historical circumstances surrounding these genocidal policies carried out by Imperial Germany, and seeks to place the devastating loss of life, culture, and property within its proper historical context. The question of restorative justice also receives analysis, as this research evaluates the case made by the Ovaherero and Nama peoples in their petitions for compensation. Beyond the history of the event itself and its long-term effects, the paper adopts a comparative approach by which to integrate the Ovaherero and Nama calls for reparations into an established precedent.
    [Show full text]
  • Redressing Colonial Genocide: the Hereros' Cause of Action Against Germany
    Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law Scholarly Works Faculty Scholarship 2005 Redressing Colonial Genocide: The Hereros' Cause of Action Against Germany Rachel J. Anderson University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Anderson, Rachel J., "Redressing Colonial Genocide: The Hereros' Cause of Action Against Germany" (2005). Scholarly Works. 288. https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/288 This Response or Comment is brought to you by the Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law, an institutional repository administered by the Wiener-Rogers Law Library at the William S. Boyd School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Redressing Colonial Genocide Under International Law: The Hereros' Cause of Action Against Germany Rachel Andersont INTRODUCTION It is widely supposed that the genocidal wars waged by colonial ad- ministrations against indigenous peoples or nations before 1948 did not violate rules of international law. Contemporary scholars and commenta- tors assert that all forms of genocide were first criminalized and made pun- ishable by the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (U.N. Genocide Convention).' As a result, schol- ars argue that wars of annihilation2 perpetrated by colonial administrations were not illegal acts under contemporaneous international law.3 The Copyright © 2005 California Law Review, Inc. California Law Review, Inc. (CLR) is a California nonprofit corporation. CLR and the authors are solely responsible for the content of their publications. t Juris Doctor candidate, School of Law, University of California, Berkeley (Boalt Hall), 2005; Masters in International Policy Studies, Stanford University, 2002; Zwischenprufung, Humboldt University, Berlin, 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • November 2020 #1
    CATALOGUE: November 2020 #1 https://pahor.de/ Antiquariat Daša Pahor GbR Alexander Johnson, Ph.D. & Daša Pahor, Ph.D. Jakob-Klar-Str. 12 Germany - 80796 München +49 89 27 37 23 52 www.pahor.de [email protected] Answers to the Most Common Questions - We offer worldwide free shipping. - We cover the customs fees, provide all the paperwork and deal with the customs. We send outside the EU daily and we are used to taking over the control of exporting and importing. - For all the manuscripts, ordered from outside the EU, please give us approximately 10 days to deal with the additional paperwork. - We offer a 20% institutional discount. - We offer original researches and high resolution scans of our maps and prints, which we are happy to forward to the buyers and researchers on request. - For any questions, please e-mail us at: [email protected]. Stay safe, Daša & Alex TERMS AND CONDITIONS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: We continue working from our offices in an uninterrupted fashion and are available for all questions and orders per e-mail and telephone. We ship orders daily per Fedex free of charge, as usually. Most deliveries have proceeded normally, however there are sometimes delays of a few days to some parcels. SPECIAL NOTE FOR THE INSTITUTIONS AND CLIENTS, WHO CAN NOT RECEIVE PARCELS AT THE MOMENT: We would be happy to take your orders even if you can not receive mail or process the invoices at the moment. We will reserve the items for you and forward the parcels with the invoices once your institution reopens.
    [Show full text]