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A Decision-Making Method for Choosing Concrete Forming Systems

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A Decision-Making Method for Choosing Concrete Forming Systems See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312227347 A decision-making method for choosing concrete forming systems Article in International Journal of Construction Management · December 2016 DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2016.1253243 CITATIONS READS 2 626 5 authors, including: Mahdi Safa Carl Haas Sam Houston State University University of Waterloo 57 PUBLICATIONS 300 CITATIONS 351 PUBLICATIONS 7,184 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Paul Goodrum University of Colorado Boulder 135 PUBLICATIONS 2,141 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Optimizing Photogrammetric Techniques for Wetlands Monitoring: Southeast Texas View project Scan-vs-BIM View project All content following this page was uploaded by Mahdi Safa on 12 March 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. International Journal of Construction Management ISSN: 1562-3599 (Print) 2331-2327 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjcm20 A decision-making method for choosing concrete forming systems Mahdi Safa, Sean Reinsma, Carl T. Haas, Paul M. Goodrum & Carlos H. Caldas To cite this article: Mahdi Safa, Sean Reinsma, Carl T. Haas, Paul M. Goodrum & Carlos H. Caldas (2016): A decision-making method for choosing concrete forming systems, International Journal of Construction Management, DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2016.1253243 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2016.1253243 Published online: 14 Dec 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 5 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjcm20 Download by: [46.161.58.88] Date: 31 December 2016, At: 21:49 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2016.1253243 A decision-making method for choosing concrete forming systems Mahdi Safaa*, Sean Reinsmab, Carl T. Haasb, Paul M. Goodrumc and Carlos H. Caldasd aCollege of Business, Lamar University Galloway Business Building ‒ Suite 222, PO Box 10565, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA; bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; cDepartment of Construction Engineering and Management, University of Colorado at Boulder Campus Box 428, ECOT 515, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, USA; dDepartment of Architectural, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station, Austin, TX, 78712-0273, USA In recent decades, advances in formwork systems, which represent an essential component of any KEYWORDS concrete placement, have paralleled significant improvements in concrete technology. While formwork system; valuable information about the design of a particular formwork system is readily available, little construction management; guidance exists with respect to methods of choosing an appropriate forming system for a specific supply chain; concrete; application. This paper describes applications of the main types of formwork systems and provides modular; stick-built details about alternative formwork systems. This study mainly contributes to the development of previously unavailable model for facilitating and validating formwork decisions. A variety of project examples were considered based on field data and information provided by industrial partners. In particular, the emerging predominance of insulated concrete formwork for mid-rise residential structures is examined. The developed system can be used as a high-level decision support tool for the selection of forming systems. Introduction and background spent more than a year developing a conceptual model and guidelines for the decision-making process in select- Concrete is the world’s most commonly used manmade ing a suitable formwork. This section provides an over- material and the second largest commodity product. view of the materials, methods, and techniques Recent decades have seen significant changes in its com- associated with concrete formwork. position and applications, which continue to develop. In its plastic state, concrete does not yet retain a solid Concrete constitutes the predominant material in many shape. In order to elicit the distinctive building proper- of today’s civil engineering and construction projects. ties of concrete, builders mould it using a formwork Paralleling advances in the general use of concrete, the (also referred to as a shutter) (Hurd 2005). According to specific area of concrete forming systems has also Richardson (1977), a successful formwork must: (1) act improved. A forming system supplies the geometry and as a temporary or permanent mould which controls the strength required by plastic concrete in order to achieve position and alignment of the concrete; (2) contain the the exact form that the structural properties of the con- complete mix without leakage or distortion caused by crete must provide once it has cured. It is essential, now concrete pressures, construction loads and external that forming systems options have multiplied, that forces; (3) provide the intended number of reuses while builders understand methods for selecting the appropri- maintaining a satisfactory standard of accuracy and sur- ate ones. Mainly, this study provides a robust decision face finish; (4) be removable from the concrete without model for selecting appropriate formwork systems. The sustaining damage; (5) generate the critical geometry proposed model will potentially enhance and facilitate and face profile with the minimum amount of further the decision-making process. The study recommends labour being required to achieved the specified finish; this model after an iterative process of literature review (6) be capable of being worked by available labour and in which the researchers concentrated on various con- handled by the equipment available on-site; and (7), crete formwork systems, their applications, and the where manufactured on-site, the manufacture must be impact of the project on selection of forming methods. within the capability of those employed. Next the researchers analysed their findings and results, Recent research has also determined that formwork both of which considered data and expert ideas from systems must be sustainable (Jackson 2010). Mohammed full-scale construction projects. Finally, the CII team CONTACT Mahdi Safa [email protected] © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2 M. SAFA ET AL. et al. (2012) showed that the sustainability of the form- Recently emerging special concrete mixes tend to work system used significantly impacts that of the entire require specifically designed formworks. The most popu- construction project. The construction industry consid- lar example is SCC (Self Consolidating Concrete), which ers sustainable building a high priority, so this aspect of needs to be placed in a watertight formwork with a the forming system becomes highly relevant. higher lateral loading capacity. SCC was originally devel- Builders remove the formwork through a process oped in Japan (Harvey 2009). SCC’s unique properties called striking or stripping, during which the concrete make it an attractive option for usage in congested rein- curesorbecomessufficiently strong. They use bond pre- forcement placement areas (Lessard et al. 2003). ventatives to coat the formwork before placing it in order According to Ilinoiu (2006), the basic components of to ensure that the concrete does not adhere to the form- a formwork system are the form panel ‒ comprised of work as it sets. Typical bond preventives include oils, panel sheathing and panel frame, shoring members, and emulsions, chemical release agents, and waxes. Besides form accessories. Stick-built forms can be constructed bond preventives, builders can apply various coatings to onsite by workers or carpenters out of timber and ply- theformfaceinordertoprovideadecorativefinish to wood or moisture-resistant particleboard. Modular the off-form concrete surface (CCAA 2006). In commer- formwork, also known as prefab formwork or an engi- cial and residential construction, builders often remove neered formwork system, is assembled from prefabri- formworks of small and medium-sized walls and columns cated modules. These modules often consist of steel, the day after concrete placement, while they leave in place aluminium, pressure treated timber, or, in recent years, formworks of slabs and beams for a minimum of seven fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) and reusable plastic. days. In high-rise building projects, aluminium shoring Stick-built and modular formwork systems are often systems support the slab formwork, and builders do not removed once the concrete is hardened and partially remove these until they have begun working on the slab cured; thus they do not contribute to the final structure at least three storeys above (Hurd 2005). Because coatings afterwards. Some formworks can be part of the finished and the removal process are labour-intensive, they structure aside from being a mould for concrete. They encourage the use of stay-in-place methods. are often categorized into two groups: insulating con- Builders exert two types of loadings onto horizontal crete formwork and stay-in-place structural formwork formwork; these may be dead loads or live loads. Dead systems. Insulating formwork, commonly made out of loads include the weight of fresh concrete, reinforce- polystyrene
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