UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
The Secretary-General DATE: 1 May 2001
THROUGH: Ms. Elisabeth Lindenmayer SIC DE:
FROM: Gillian Martin Sorensen DE:
SUBJECT: United Nations Intellectual History Project
1. The first volume of the United Nations Intellectual History Project is ready for launch. Mr. Thomas G. Weiss and Mr. Richard Jolly ask if you would attend a reception for the book launch at 6:30 p.m. on 30 May 2001 in the Delegates' Dining Room.
Recommendation: Accept May Reception. You wrote the Foreword to this book and supported the project fully. Your calendar appears to be clear at that time.
2. Additional volumes on peace and security issues have now been commissioned. Tom Weiss sent a letter in early April 2001 to the foundation presidents wjhojiave supported the project to date, asking them to look favourably on a renewal.
Michael Doyle is now preparing letters, for your signature, to Development Ministers of Canada, Norway, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom who supported the project. You will have those letters tomorrow (Wednesday).
Recommendation: Accept to send letters to Development Ministers. „. MflY-01-2001 18:05 P. 02
i United Nations intellectual History Projec
Tha Graduate Schiml and Univorsity Centsr
Hie City UnivBtsily of NsW Yark 365 Fifth Avenue
New Vbrlt,NV 10016-4JBS TEL 212.817.1920 FAX 212,817.1565
E-MAIL UNHistO/y-iBJgc.cunv.eitll PROJECT OIRSCTW Lauis'finrrKrij inrahsiie: www.unhi5torv.org f5diB.nl Jolly •1123,2001
Dr. Vartan Gregorian, President, . Palaii 0*91 [iladant Carnegie Corporation of New York (•can B-ldH CHtZllfianawli 437 Madison Avenue New York, NY Mr ITOJ 9(7.7 Dear Greg,
I am writing on behalf of my colleagues (Louis Emmerij, Richard Jolly, and Yves Berthelot) and myself and as a direct follow-up to your recent letter from Kofi Annan. I also briefed you on many of these developments at a pleasant breakfast late last year.
Some two years ago your foundation was generous and far-sighted enough to support the United Nations Intellectual History Project (UNIHP). At the urging of the UN Secretary-General, private foundations took the lead in order to guarantee the independence of this undertaking-— necessary for the work and also for its subsequent reception. Indeed, we were immensely grateful that you took the lead in helping to mobilize your colleagues in the philanthropic world.
I am enclosing an updated proposal to the Carnegie Corporation of New York to renew support for the on-going and expanding work of the United Nations Intellectual History Project.
Your own extremely generous contribution of five hundred thousand dollars sterling helped mobilize additional commitments from a host of other donors totaling an additional $2.5 million from the Rockefeller Foundation, the Government of The Netherlands, Government of the United Kingdom, the Ford Foundation, the Government of Sweden, the Government of Canada, the Government of Switzerland, and the Government of Norway. Help with conference costs has also been received from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the Dag Hatnmarskjold Foundation. Indeed, the support from Carnegie has proved essential to the flexible functioning of this effort. We have used your grant not only for leverage but also expended your funds and then reimbursed them from tied funds. Thank you.
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As I mentioned to you, we were ahead of schedule and approximately two-thirds of the way to our original target of raising $5 million when the Secretary-General, who has supported this project enthusiastically from the outset, approached us about the feasibility of adding the dimension of international peace and security. After careful consideration, we have agreed to move ahead as Kofi Annan requested. This will lengthen the project's duration by about 18 months and add about $] million to our original budgetary estimate.
A different modality will be required. Unlike the ideas linked to the world economy., the UN's contributions to international peace and security have been the subject of considerable case research and some oral history. Nonetheless, the focus upon ideas and norms would be fresh and ensure that the UNIHF's story is complete. In addition, the complementary volumes could also make cost-effective use of the UNIHP's infrastructure (the secretariat and the International Advisory Council).
In fact, "human security" had already been one of the key ideas included in the UN's framing of responses to global economic challenges. And the pertinence of another book, "global governance," emanated from its focus on economic and social governance. Both of these volumes have now been refrained and expanded to include the political and military dimensions of those concepts. In addition to the inherent importance of collective security, peacekeeping, conflict prevention, and humanitarian intervention, contextualizing the underlying economic and social conditions resulting from "development ideas and concepts in action" (the project's original sub-title) would be an essential lens through which to evaluate the UN's contributions to peace and security.
In summary, we would like to be in a position to complete our independent analysis of selected key ideas and concepts about international economic and social cooperation bom or nurtured under UN auspices. But we would also like to take into account related ideas of international peace and security. Both economic and social ideas as well as the new dimensions of peace and security are central Carnegie concerns.
Thus, we would be most grateful if the Carnegie Corporation would consider making a second contribution similar to your own first generous one. In this regard, permit me also to provide an update so that you can gauge the momentum of the project. We are on, and in some cases ahead, of schedule, as I explained in a recent update to Amanda Famiglietti.
First, permit me to draw your attention to the attached advance copy of the project's first volume, Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and
'."•;^-.•;usS
\.iflM MAY-01-2001 18=06 P'04
Global Challenges. You will of course receive copies when it is published •'::"' by Indiana University Press in early Spring. v As you will see in the body of the proposal, all except one of the original 14 volumes have now been commissioned.
The second main component of the project is the oral history. We have now completed 30 of the scheduled interviews, and a number of citations enlivened Ahead of the Curve? The body of the proposal also contains the names of past and future interviewees.
The Carnegie Corporation is not only one of the pillars of multilateralism. It has also been instrumental in launching the United Nations Intellectual History Project. We are truly grateful for your past confidence. We are hopeful that you will continue to make our work possible. I would be grateful if we could discuss next steps at your convenience.
Yours,
Thomas G. Weiss Presidential Professor and Director, Ralph Bunch Institute Co-director, UN Intellectual History Project
Cc: D. Speedie, A, Famiglietti MflY-01-2001 18:07 P.05
Similar letter was also sent to:
Or, Lincoln Chen, Vice President The Rockefeller Foundation 450 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10018
Dr. Mitchel B. Wallerstein, Vice-President The John D. and Catherine T. MacArchur Foundation 140 South Dearborn Street, Suite 1100 Chicago, Illinois 60603-5285
Mr. Anthony Romero, Director Human Rights and International Cooperation The Ford Foundation 320 East 43rd Street New York, New York 10017 MflY-29-2001 IS=57
i Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies
The Graduate School and Univeisi'ly Center The City UniusrsitV of New Yofk 385 Firth Avenue New York. NY 10016.4309 QIKKIQR m 21Z.fll7.71DO FAX 212.817.156E Thomas G. Weiss United Nations Intellectual History Project Book Launch Reception, May 30, 2001
Delegates Dining Room 6
Baali, H.E. Mr. Abdallah Algerian Mission to the UN
Blank, Blanche
Booker, Teresa UNIHP
Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline CUNY
Bunch, Charlotte
Burnley, Maureen Family Justice, Inc.
Carayannis, Tatiana UN Intellectual History Project
Carayannts, Jocelyn UN Intellectual History Project
Carlson, Ralph Oxford University Press
Chamberlain, Marian National Council for Research on Women
Crosselte, Barbara New York Times/UN Bureau
De Leon, Frank FADesign, Inc.
Deng, Francis CUNY
Dugan, f lugh T. United States Mission to the UN
Eldon, H.E. Mr. Stuart G. UK Mission to the UN
Eilison, Mr. And Mrs. Scott UN Intellectual History Project
Emmerij, Louis UNIHP
Fonesca, H.E. Mr. Gelson Braxilian Mission to the UN
Thu Gioduale School and Univeraly Cemar v Tbe City UIKWI^IY ul New ''a*': 'jKHjule-grai.I.nq insl-luliun. wlnc'i oudral--."n.uriuiiii.jm •«i|li 3H Hi: CUNY id-wra 3ei-jKl M 3:'jrn Cnliscc •j aainugh al Mnnr\al:nr- Cammunify Caflr^gc •. Srrinx r.am.-nuniry .r.3llagc . SranUyn College •: Hir. L-^- College . TTio Cir/ JnucniTv al NC\K VD:i Wcdicji School •-' Tlii: Cii^ Jni.cr.ir. il Mc^ Ynrt X^cul ( :^l LH*
Foreman, Matt ESPA/NY
Forman, Shepard L Center for International Cooperation/NYU
Fredericks, Mr. & Mrs. Wayne TFF Study Group
Frye, Robert Bolthead Communications •'•irK Gardner, Richard N.
Greenstock, H.E. Sir Jeremy UK Mission to the UN
Hack, Nadine ^ NBH Executive Counseling
Herman, Barry United Nations
Hoffman, Peter J. CUNY, The Graduate Center
Horowitz, Frances D. CUNY, The Graduate Center
Jonah, James CUNY
Jolly, Richard UNIHP
Kanninen, Tapio United Nations
Kelly, William CUNY, The Graduate Center
Kono, Tom
Laggner, M. Benno Swiss Mission to the UN Lancry, H.E. Dr. Yehuda Israeli Mission to the UN I Lewis, John P. Princeton University
Lindenmayer, Elizabeth United Nations
Malone, David International Peace Academy
McBvoy, Mark CUNY, The Graduate Center
McKarthy, Kathleen CUNY, The Graduate Center
Montciro, H.E. Mr. Juan L. B. Cape Verde Mission to the UN • MRY-29-2001 16:59
Muldoon, James
Neiro, Ron CUNY, The Graduate Center
Ndow, Wally
Ofuatey-Kodjoe, W.B. CUNY, The Graduate Center
Okada, Nancy Ralph Bunche Institute
Ozgercin, Kevin CUNY, The Graduate Center
Patton, Charlotte; CUNY, City College
Read, Ms. Elizabeth UN Intellectual History Project
Read, Priscilla UN Intellectual History Project
Reddy, Mr. E. S
Rivlin, Benjamin Ralph Bunche Institute
Rosen, Sumner
Rosenfield, Patricia. Carnegie Corporation
Samkange, Stanlakc ICISS
Sapiie, Jacquclyn American Bible Society
Sapiic, Stephanie Ralph Bunche Institute
Speransky, M. Russian Mission to the UN
Shachter, Oscar Columbia University
Schlesinger, Stephen World Policy Institute
Schwartz, Brian CUNY, The Graduate Center
Shallon7Nessim United Nations
Sharrna, Mr. Karmalesh Indian Mission to the UN
Thevan de Gueleran, Sophie UN Intellectual History Project Van Den Berg, Dirk Jan Netherlands Mission to the UN
Van Dyke, Ellen UNIHP
Weiss, Hannah UNIHP
Weiss, Rebeccah UNIHP
Weiss, Thomas UNIHP
Wenslcy, H,E. Ms. Penny Australian Mission to the UN
Wright, Ellen ,
Woodward, Susan CUNY Graduate Center
I
TOTflL P.05 Y-29-2001 16;57
THE RALPH BUNCHE INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 365 Fifth Avenue, Suite 5203, New York, New York 10016-4309 Teh 212/817-2100 Fax: 212/817-1565 E-mail; rbinstitute@gc,cuny.edu
FAX
DATE: May 29, 2001
TO: Gillian Sorensen
:FAX: 963,1185 ''•'if m \ $ M:« FROM: Nancy Okada
RE: UN History Project Book Launch Reception
This fax contains _5_ pages, including this cover sheet. Should the document be incomplete, please call 212 617-2100. _ UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
TO: Ms. Elisabeth Lindenmayer DATE: 23 Apr. 2001 A:
THROUGH: SIC DE:
FROM: Gillian Martin Sorensen DE:
SUBJECT: United Nations Intellectual History Project
The first volume of the United Nations Intellectual History Project is ready for launch. Mr. Thomas G. Weiss and Mr. Richard Jolly ask if the Secretary-General would attend a reception for the book launch at 6:30 p.m. on SO^Jp^May 2001 in the Delegates' Dining Room. "
Recommendation: Accept May Reception. The Secretary-General wrote the Foreword to this book and supported the project fully. His calendar appears to be clear at that time.
Additional volumes on peace and security issues have now been commissioned. A letter wciya(Mrt^E@nrBt3\rcck of April 2001 to the foundation presidents who have supported! the project to date, asking them to look favourably on a renewal - inrlrinrl iwftrn fhfl.pasf ^fcefs^a&ejislaipete^ Tom Weiss also asked whether the Secretary-General would be willing to send letters to the Development Ministers of the countries that contributed financially. They include Canada, Norway, The Netherlands, The United Kingdom, as well as Switzerland. Kindly let Michael Doyle know so that he can follow up.
Recommendation: Accept to send letters to Development Ministers. RPR-11-2001 12=01 P. 02
United Nations Intellectual History Project
ThE Graduate School and University Center
The FJity University nf New York
365 Fifth Avenua
New/York, MYluaiS-(3C9
m. 212.817.1920 FAX Z1Z.B17.15G5
UNHisiorya'gc.cuny.Edu .PROJECT oiHEcTtiFis 11 April 2001 Icuij-Emmerij : WWW.unhislorv.org • - Richard Jolly •'T-*^ ^Thomas-S. Weiss H,E. Mr. Kofi A. Annan Vves.eerthelot Secretary-General Ralals'des Italians, United Nations S.MIH B T« ••m • CHTill G=nova HI New York, NY 10017
£4taft.yr»rlllebti9uiio We have just received word from Indiana University Press that this first volume of the United Nations Intellectual History Project \yill_be available in mid-May. We are delighted, and also recall that you encouraged us to have a first product available as soon as possible. We are writing directly after a conversation with Gillian Sorensen about the possibility oj^ch^ late in May far Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and Global Challenges. As yjjur words grace this} first volume in the "Foreword," we would_be_delighted if you would consider joining us at the end of a .-"is reception. As we did in March 2000, we thought that il would be most congenial to begin a reception at around 6:00 p.m. and then you and one of the authors might say a few brief words around 6:45-7:00 p.m. The best dates would be Wednesday or Thursday, 30 or 31 May, but if necessary we could also consider Tuesday, 29 May. Our intention would be to extend a special invitation to the heads of the foundations and the ambassadors from the countries that have thus far supported the project. This occasion would be the opportunity to thank them and indicate the new dimensions of the effort to include international peace and security in addition to the ideas of economic and social development. We would also, of course, send invitations to all other countries, members of our own network in the New York area, and some journalists. With continued thanks. :: •••'••M' Sfi Richard Jolly Thomas G. Weiss r>ttp://«/WM.r)C,ttiriv.edu Thu Graduate School and University tenter is TUB CiwUniwrsiiyul NewVaiksduclBraiu-granSnginslilijtinii.wliirh npijraws incorwoaiurnvvvtriandieCUHVEsmnvia:! •DorardU (tenic .; florouoh of Manhmnn rinmmnniiy College :•: flroru Cummunily Callcac '.• Branklvn Colinqo s 1)>B City fellnijit -. Ih* Ijry IJttwtiir u' Now Yurk Medical School '•. The Crtv Umvrnif/ n< Nnw Vn* Sninm of law nt QIHBK Coneoe r, Ilia Colleua of Siainn Island u Mcdgnr Evore Cnllogn o Eujenio Msrifl da Hosros Cdinnuniiy Gullet i: HuniBt CollcgL v John J.iy nnllajo of Criminal JUSJICB •-- KinsuLumujl Comnmnnv College o Fiurellu H. LaGuardia Community Wlsns c Haftart H. Islmian CoHSUB ;•• Msw York Cilv Tschnial Cnllnau ;• Ounpns Collage C' aueansDCu'Oudll &.™rnuni[y College'.- York Cnllngn TOTflL P.02 (Subject to confirmation with the Appointment Secretary) Wednesday, 30 May 2001 9:00 Private appt. t.b.c. SG to participate at the CNN Conference (Studio?? - what time & for how long) (waiting to hear from FE/ST/EM) Thursday, 31 May 2001 Global Health Council Annual Award Ceremony (Washington B.C.) (The First Annual Gates Award for Global Health (see note from CMS dd. 17 April) As of 26/04/2001,12:35 PM THE RALPH BUNCHE INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 365 Fifth Avenue, Suite 5203, New York, New York 10016-4309 Tel: 212/617-2100 Fax: 212/617-1565 E-mail: [email protected] FAX DATE: May 5, 2001 TO: Gillian Sorensen FAX: 963-1185 FROM: Thomas G. Weiss, Director RE: 30 May reception This fax contains _2 pages, including this cover sheet. Should the document be jncomplete, please call 212 817-2100. Dear Gillian, As promised, I am attaching some suggested remarks for the Secretary-General's consideration should (as we hope) he might be able to join us on 30 May. Many thanks for you help. My very warmest regards, m a: LU LY LU Q Ia: c_ Z CK <£ LU LU LO » z LU Z z z 0 Z LU IK o « LU o 13 o h- Q LY o H E ATIO N O H Z LU LU in Z Z a LLJ 1- LU 0 G£ H LY |w LU LY LU 1- Z 0 h- ft z Q O o LU D Q_ m o < U * LU Q z i/i LU LU o: o: r£ ,fy ce a: LY LU LU o: Q. VI 1- h- D D =1 ^3 3) s H ^ 1 O* O Q 0 O o o o O o a. Q- Q- a. CU > U t^o Z Q_ I of m D 0 9 z Z J O. z o: (-1 3 « OJ i- LU CK Q z < INFORMAT K ACTIO N SIGNATUR E COMMENT S w e DISCUSS ' APPROVA L EQUESTE D ISCUSSE D R ATTENTI O LU E fA LY >_ Q LY 1- a. o "* OL o: o: 13 o O o o o 0 to i/i o 0 o: LU LU LU ^S " z LU TOTRL P.01 Speaking notes for the Secretary-General, 30 May 2001 1. It is a pleasure to be here to launch the first in an important series of books dealing with the intellectual history of the United Nations being published by Indiana University Press, I have been from the beginning committed to this important effort to document the contributions of the UN to the world of ideas about economic and social development. Indeed, it is difficult to believe that it has taken so long for such an independent documentary effort of UN's intellectual contribution to begin. 2. The first book, Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and Global Challenges, has just been published. Although an independent study prepared outside the UN, the project's three directors and authors of this first volume are well acquainted with the UN and are persons whom I have known as colleagues for years—Louis Emmery, Richard Jolly, and Tom Weiss. A year and a half ago when the project got underway, I urged them to get a book out as soon as possible. Although they undoubtedly think today that was a great suggestion, they were considerably less enthusiastic then. They were unsure that they could get out a quality draft of their preliminary findings this quickly. I am pleased that, in this case anyway., my recommendation was acted upon! T urge you to read this, and I know you'll join me in saying that we look forward to the more detailed studies to come. In fact, the project is very much on or even ahead of schedule. 3. None of this, of course, would have been possible without a private-public partnership. We are all grateful for the foresight and generous support from a. Several governments: The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Canada, Switzerland, and most recently Norway. b. Several foundations: namely, the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. 4. I should note in closing, that late last year I approached the project's directors to inquire whether they could include the history of the UN's work to promote international peace and security as an integral part of their efforts. I am pleased that they have responded positively and am happy to see that they are now exploring possible authors and additional funding for this new dimension as well as to complete the original work program on economic and social development. May I add my own word of encouragement to other potential donors to contribute to this important effort to make the work of the UN better known - especially some of its successes in the economic and social arena. Congratulations once again for a job well done. TDTflL P.01 MflY-01-2001 18=04 P. 01 United Nations Intellectual History Project The Graduate Srhnnl and Uniuersiry Center Tht> City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue Newark. NY 10016-4309 1CL 212.617.1920 FAX 212.Ul7.lbBS E-MAIL UNHi5tDryagc.t:ijriy.flrlu •REJECT DJJ1CCTDIU Louis Emmarij VIA FAX May I, 2001 Richard Jolly Thomas G. Weiss TO: Ms. Gillian Sorensen Executive Office of the Secretary-General FAX # (212) 965-1185 (27 pages including cover sheet) FROM: Nancy T. Okada RE; United Nations Intellectual History Project solicitation for funding to renew support for the on-going and expanding work As per our discussion earlier today, I am sending a copy of a letter sent under Tom Weiss' signature on behalf of the co-directors regarding the above, Four foundations were contacted in this manner. I have also sent to you the upgraded proposal sent to these individuals. John Ruggie was given a draft letter to be considered by the Secretary-General for solicitation to governments. With a copy of the proposal, publication series brochure and project brochure for your office's information. Let me know if I can supply you with anything else. We were able to get things squared away for the reception invitations which will be sent out the end of this week for May 30"1 event in Dining Room 6. Thank you. TtlB Graduate School illld University Center B Hl9L"ltyUnlVer!li/°l N«wW? dOCWrsie-grenting instiiunnn. whicli npmtm in unuixtiiimwilh allllin CUNY ramninnrc o Rcrnnrd M. Baudi Collage a Borough nl Msnhsllan Conimunilv Criltgs o DIDIB Cammumly Cullsui " di«iW»n (Mega o Tile Cl!V Collsaa " Tni) CitV Univsrsity o' NswVtirk Mnfliral 5rJmnl o Thn f.ity IJJiivnrsily nf WIMI Vnrk School of Uw al QUSHM Cnll90« * T"11'nllngn nf Stntrn IsisnH o Mndgni Even Mlcgc » Eugenia Msia dc I tabs Cummunity Collei)e " Hunlci CullduS " John Jay Mlaa.6 ol Uiiuiul Jutllee " KmQSbordugh ' H. Latiua'die ComiAunitv I'clEega N Herbert H. Le^ni^n C^IR^H o Nnw Ynib Hitv TRrhni&i] Cnllngc ° QiHinns CollugL1 o Quifensbuiuuflh Cu/nmuuiLy CuJIeuu ^ Yuik ••-• mij/Slt MflY-01-2001 18:07 P-0S April 2001 United Nations Intellectual History Project: Ideas and Concepts in Action 1. Background to this Proposal and Progress to Date : Specialists and generalists alike find it hard to believe that a history of intellectual contributions by the United Nations to the world economy does not exist. Sidney Dell, one of the UN' s most distinguished economists, had tried in the \ 980s to interest donors in sponsoring analyses particular areas of economic and social analysis. Failing to secure more than a minimum of financial backing, he embarked upon the work himself; but at his death in December 1990, he had completed only one monograph. Richard Jolly revived this project idea at the Plinth Annual Meeting of the Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS) in June 1996, where he made the keynote address. He raised the possibility with then Executive Director, Thomas G. Weiss (then at Brown University and now at The Graduate Center, The City University of New York). After informal planning meetings in New York, the ACUNS secretariat arranged a brainstorming session in January 1997 at Yale University. A steering group was subsequently formed and drafted an initial proposal. Jolly and Weiss were joined by Louis Emmery; they subsequently have consulted a host of persons from governments, foundations, international secretariats, and academia and modified the proposal. Written and oral comments were received from dozens of colleagues and interested observers around the world. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan approached private foundations to take the lead in mobilizing finance and endorsed the need for total independence in this research initiative. In October 1998, the first formal commitment came in the form of a challenge grant from the Government of the Netherlands. Subsequent commitments have been made by the Rockefeller Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Government of the United Kingdom, the Ford Foundation, the Government of Sweden, the Government of Canada, the Government of Switzerland, and the Government of Norway, Help with conference costs has also been, received from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the Dag Harnmarskjold Foundation, In short, there is wide ownership from a variety of sponsors. The project has mobilized just over half of what is now estimated to cost just below $6 million (see section. 4, below, and Annex 2). Additional funding from, new donors, governments and foundations is actively being sought as well as renewed support from first-time supporters. The original project is ahead of schedule and on budget. However, a recent request from the Secretary-General to expand the scope has added about 1 8 months and S 1 million to the undertaking, The United Nations Intellectual History Project (UNIHP) began operations in mid- 1999 when the secretariat was established at the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies of The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, The MflY-01-2001 18:08 P.07 r " . f- L '.'•:•'•" ' April 2001 : pace accelerated in 2000., and results to date have been on or even ahead of schedule. The first volume, Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and Global Challenges, will be published in May 200 L Of the original 14 volumes about economic and social development, all except one have been commissioned. In addition, four new volumes about peace and security are actively under consideration. The second main component of the project is oral history, and some 30 of 65 scheduled interviews have been completed. Details follow. 2* Justification and Evolving Need for the Project Rapid movement toward globalization should lead to rethinking and not weakening international institutions. Now that the initial post-Cold War euphoria has waned, a better informed sense of global partnership and new approaches to international collaboration are required. This project was originally designed to take a longer-run perspective and review the ideas and concepts that have emerged from the last half-century of United Nations deliberations in the economic and social arenas. The logic was that an accurate and objective UN intellectual history should not only provide an antidote to contemporary and ahistorical triumphalism (the end of "the end of history") but also act as a guide for navigating the shoals of future challenges and crises to the international system. This project takes Keynes's proposition about the power of ideas seriously and places mem at the center of research: [T]he ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from some academic scribbler of a few years back. —John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936) Secretary-General Kofi Annan has endorsed enthusiastically this research. As he stated during the memorial service for Mahbub ul-Haq: "At its best, the United Nations has always been rooted in powerful ideas with human dimensions." Specific aspects of the UN's economic and social activities have, of course, been the subject of books and articles. However, there is no adequate historical study of the origins and evolution of economic and social cooperation, nor of the ideas developed through the United Nations and their impact on international discourse and action. Such histories do exist for me International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF). A history of the World Food Programme (WFP) has just been completed, and the UN Development Programme (UNDP) has one underway. This effort is not about the United Nations as a talk-shop. Rather, it concerns the world organization as the creator and nurturer of ideas and concepts that have permeated international public policy discourse and often have won support and proved MflY-01-2001 18=09 P,08 . - • ' i ""'• ' April 2001 -"'•:.--':'' implementable. They have made new coalitions of actors possible and provided road . maps for decision-makers. They have also become embedded in local, national, and international institutions. Of course, even when not fully accepted or implemented, ideas have often influenced discourse and debates. Although researchers have begun to investigate the role of ideas in relationship to foreign policy, there has been far too little work about the impact of ideas on multilateral institutions. All this has been too little documented in the international treatment of ideas. Key officials have not written about their experiences within intergovernmental settings where ideas have been spawned or nurtured. Such settings are too rarely observed first-hand by academics. Yet, future scholarship needs to be able to take adequately into account recollections and observations from key participants and observers about the mechanics though which ideas are formulated, debated, distorted, and then adapted or rejected. The case for such a history could be made at any time. However, it is pressing to move ahead vigorously while a number of outstanding personalities are still alive who have played key roles in the development of important ideas and concepts. Their views and recollections would help greatly in evaluating the past and current impacts of the world organization as well as its future legacy. And given the age of many key participants, time is of the essence. In this respect, few observers, even those close to the workings of the UN system, are aware that many Nobel laureates in economics have played key roles in the UN's 5fl intellectual history. Some of the most crucial were Jan Tinbergen, Sir Arthur Lewis, Gunnar Myrdal, Wassily Leontief, James Meade, Lawrence Klein, Richard Stone, and Amartya Sen who won the prize in 1998. The Project From the outset, the UNIHP was designed to be dynamic and evolve as further resources were mobilized and research findings became available. The assumption was that what was most urgently needed was a history of economic and social activities coming within the effective purview of the main UN organs. Thus the project seeks not to provide a comprehensive institutional history of the main UN organizations operating in the economic and social arena; rather it seeks to examine their contributions to the development of ideas central to UN debate over the last half-century. We are presently not quite two years into this effort. There are very few shortcuts to the type of in-depth work proposed here. In order to appreciate this seemingly lengthy but realistic period, it should be remembered that the 1998, two-volume, 2,000-page study of The World Bank: Its First Half-Century took about seven and a half years to complete. Unlike the present Project, the Bank history benefited from well-organized archives, an earlier extensive history (written after the first 25 years), and official financial support from the Bank. The duration of the project originally was estimated to be five years, but recently has been extended to about six to respond positively to a request from UN Secretary-General MflY-01-2001 18=10 p-09 April 2001 Annan to add missing dimensions (and four new books) to this independent series. Progress has, as mentioned, been on or even ahead of schedule. But in December 2000, the Office of the Secretary-General approached the secretariat about including international peace and security as an integral part of the project's efforts. A different modality will be required for most research about peace and security. Unlike the ideas linked to the world economy, the UN's contributions to international peace and security have been, the subject of considerable case research and some oral history. Nonetheless., the focus upon ideas and norms would be fresh and ensure that the UNIHP's story is complete. In addition, the complementary volumes could also make use of the UNIHP's infrastructure (the secretariat and International Advisory Council, see section 4, below). In fact, "human security" had already been one of the key ideas included in the UN's framing of responses to global economic challenges. And the pertinence of another book, "global governance," emanated from its focus on economic and social governance. Both of these volumes have now been re-framed and expanded to include the political and military dimensions of those concepts. In addition to the inherent importance of collective security, peacekeeping, conflict prevention, and humanitarian intervention, contextualizing the underlying economic and social conditions resulting from "development ideas and concepts in action" (the project's original sub-title) would be an essential lens through which to evaluate the UN's contributions to peace and security. In summary, this project is now an independent analysis of selected key ideas and concepts about international economic and social cooperation bom or nurtured under UN auspices as well as about related ideas of international peace and security. The origins of such concepts and ideas are being traced. Motivations behind putting them at the center of international discussions are being brought out, and arguments in favor of accepting or rejecting them analyzed against the backdrop of varying situations of individual countries, the global economy, and major international political developments. The attitudes of different groups of countries toward particular concepts, ideas, or proposals are a feature, as is the development and evolution of differentiated and refined policy instruments and options at the national, regional, and global levels. 3. Outputs: Ideas and Concepts Under Review The project's two main outputs are oral history interviews and books. As will become clear below, they are linked and mutually reinforcing. For purposes of the presentation, however, they are treated separately. Oral History Oral history interviews are essential, both to inform the various publications of the project and to provide a key historical resource for future generations of scholars. That is, oral histories are useful for the project in that they will enliven and inform the books .'35 MflY-01-2001 18:10 P.10 April 2001 commissioned by the project; and excerpts organized by subject matter will also be in one of the overarching books authored by the directors, Oral history generally allows for more nuance and passions, and it gives future researchers the opportunity to hear the dynamic quality of personal accounts. In addition, these interviews give project researchers and authors an opportunity to identify ideas that never made it beyond closed room discussions, and to explore the debates about and circumstances of their demise. The project uses the oral history method both to better understand the UN's contribution to global economic and social policy and to development discourse and practice; and to produce an archive of approximately sixty- five personal testimonies and recorded life narratives of individuals who served the world organization in key positions as staff members, consultants, researchers, diplomats or chairs of commissions. Thus, not only do the interviews inform project research, they also constitute an important product in themselves. The importance of this archival collection of taped memories cannot be over- | emphasized as there is precious little institutional memory at the UN and even fewer resources to capture the historical record. The UN's archives and those of its specialised agencies have been neglected and few people write their memoirs after they leave or retire from the organization. This collection of oral history interviews will help make up for this woeful lack of attention to the UN's history. This digital oral history data bank eventually will be preserved and made available widely on cd-rom so that it may be electronically searchable by researchers worldwide. To date (March 2001), interviews (ranging from two to twelve hours) have been conducted with the following persons (in order of interview): Francis Blanchard, Max Finger, Johan Kaufmann,, Surendra Patel, Leticia Shahani, Hans Singer, Mary Smieton, Brian Urquhart, Celso Furtado, Jan Pronk, Gamani Corea, Don Mills, Jacques Polak, Michael Zammit Cutajar, Ignacy Sachs, Bernard Chid2ero, Victor Urquidi, Stephane Hessel, Mihaly Simai, Robert Cox, Vladimir Petrovsky, Kurt Waldheirn, Margaret Joan Anstee, Gerry Helleiner, Comelio Sommaruga, Gert Rosenthal, Janez Stanovnic, Paul Berthoud, Dharam Ghai, Alister Mclntyre, Adebayo Adedeji, T.G. Patel, Leila Doss, John Ruggie, and Elise B on] ding, Another 35 are being scheduled in 2001-2002. The persons being scheduled include: Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Jack Stone, Mostafa Tolba, Sven Hamrell, James Jonah, Oscar Schachter, Samir Aminf Kofi Annan, Solon Lovett Barraclough, Maurice Bertrand, Virendra Dayal, Guido de Marco, Michael Doyle, Just Faaland, Richard Gardner, Julia •-'•- Henderson, Albert Hirschman, Enrique Iglesias, John Lewis, Archie Mackenzie, Alf Maizels, Robert McNamara, Jacob Mosak, C.V. Narasimhan, Conor Cruise O'Brien, Sadako Ogata, Javier Perez de Cuellar, Sonny Ramphal, W.W, Rostow, Nafis Sadik, Juan Somavia, Pail Streeten, Maurice Strong, and Joan Wicken, These interviews concern mainly the UN's intellectual contribution to economic and social development (including human rights). A substantial oral history in the field of conflict management has already been undertaken by Yale University and is available to the UNlHP's authors working on the UN's contribution to peace and security. MflY-01-2001 18=11 P.11 April 2001 Project directors and researchers are involved in preparing these interviews, which are coordinated from start to finish by the central secretariat. Directors and researchers have held consultations with such specialists as those at Columbia University's Oral History Office to ensure proper training in elite interview methods and quality control. In addition, commissioned authors are invited to participate in the preparation of interviews that have a direct impact on the substance under review for their volumes. ,•«, -M.-.:?iJ Based on the model of the Bodleian Library at Oxford University, the project is also encouraging national governments to consider documenting and archiving the especial contributions of their own governments to the United Nations and of their own nationals who have served with distinction in the international civil service. The project thus is encouraging the establishment of archives of the major documents of institutions and key individuals involved in the economic and social work of the UN. It is hoped that UN archives themselves will eventually be improved as a result of the project's efforts. At the end of the project, a discussion will be organized about concrete ways to improve institutional memory. Finally, the project will also be working actively with David Grubin Productions on a four-hour documentary on the UN for public television. We will make available to Grubin the project's oral history interviews, as well as its wide network of specialists on me UN, Books A second main output of the project is 17 books, each focused on well-defined economic or social areas of United Nations activity, or on key ideas and norms linked to international peace and security. For over one-third of the volumes, the co-directors are either authors or editors. Other volumes are being written by one or more professionals carefully selected for their scholarly credentials and intimate knowledge of the topic to be researched. All thematic books are being published as a special series by Indiana University Press. An additional volume will appear in the reference series published by Oxford University Press, but this effort will be mostly financed by the publisher. The oral history interviews and commissioned books will provide the raw material for three overarching books to be published at the beginning, middle, and conclusion of the project. The first book, Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and Global Challenges., was co- authored by the project's three founding directors and will be published in May 2001. UN Ideas: Views from the Trenches and Turrets (excerpts from the oral histories) and UN Ideas of Economic and Social Development (synthesis volume to be published at the end of the project) arc scheduled to be published in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The- following lists the books that have been or soon will be commissioned. Authors under contract are indicated as well as brief overviews for all the volumes. The project's directors have each taken responsibility for the substantive supervision of volumes by MflY-01-2001 18:12 p.12 . April 2001 consultants. These books are listed in the approximate order that they will appear. Additional details are available on the Project's web site located at www.unhistory.org. Books About Economic and Social Development /, Ahead of the Curve? UN Ideas and Global Challenges by Louis Emmerij, Richard Jolly, and Thomas G. Weiss, to be published in May 2001. The project's first book and the first study to trace the development and impact of the UN's most significant ideas in the arena of economic and social development It puts forward tentative propositions about possible lessons from the UN's past efforts to shape ideas and norms that could be applied to ongoing and future global economic and social challenges; and it contains a foreword by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. 2. Quantifying the World: UN Contributions to Statistics by Michael Ward, scheduled to be completed 2001. An assessment of the UN's contribution to international efforts to standardize national statistics and stimulate their accurate collection, analysis, and dissemination. This volume will include an analysis of the following: • The UN's leadership in the international effort to standardize statistics and stimulate their collection, analysis, and publication—for pioneering work on GNP and the standard system of national accounts (SNA), Richard Stone, a key adviser, received a Nobel Prize. .• Work more influential than often realized because both popular and professional perceptions of progress and problems are influenced by available data. (For instance, are people better off than 25 years ago, are the gaps between countries widening or narrowing,, how unequal are economic relations between countries?) • An assessment of 50 years of the UN's efforts and current needs to better understand and quantify national and global challenges in the next century. 3. Perspectives on Development: Views from the Regional Commissions to he edited by Yves Berthelol with chapters by Adebayo Adedeji, Yves Bethelot, Leelananda de Sifoa, Gert Rosenthal, and Blandine Destremeau, scheduled to be completed 2001. An examination of how development ideas were created, developed, questioned, modified, and implemented within the world's main regions, as seen through the lens of the UN's regional commissions. This book, edited by one of the project's directors, will examine: • The origins of the idea of regional cooperation and the role of the UN. • Ideas and concepts that have emerged from the regional commissions in the early years beginning with the first executive secretaries, such as Gunnar Myrdal, Robert Gardner, and Raul Prebisch • How different levels of development—trade opportunities in Latin America or debt in Africa or the break-up of the socialist bloc in Europe—have led to different perspectives on priorities among and efficacy of various policy measures. • How regional, sub-regional, and South-South cooperation have been viewed differently across regions. MftY-01-2001 18=13 P-13 April MO 1 4. The Eye of the Storm? The UN and Transnationals by Tagi Sagaft-nejad, in '. collaboration with John Dunning and Sanjanya Lall, scheduled to be completed 2002. A study of the evolution of controversiai ideas to manage the activities of transnational corporations, with particular attention to the impact of TNCs on economic and social development, as well as: • The evolving UN analysis of transnational corporations and their implications for economic and social development. » The role of the Group of Eminent Persons and the establishment of the Commission and Centre for Transnational Corporations (CTC), as well as consequences of its •* demise. • Relations with business enterprises, • Early ECOSOC work on promotion of foreign investments and restrictive business practices. • UNCTAD activities on transfer of technology, shipping, insurance, and restrictive business practices, • The code of conduct. • Strengthening the negotiation capacity of developing countries. • Creating a better climate and future framework for cooperation. 5. International Trade, Finance, and Development by John Toye and Richard Toys, scheduled to be completed 2002. An assessment of the UN's role as intellectual actor in the fields of trade, finance, and development, with particular attention to differential treatment for developing countries as well as the following: • The early work on the terms of trade controversy by Raul Prebisch and Hans Singer. • Diversity and convergence of factors for a World Trade Conference and the stillborn International Trade Organization. • Trade as a development issue. • The establishment of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). • Commodity policy, transfer of technology, and generalized system of preferences. • Import substitution as proposed at the end of the 1950s and beginning of the 1960s by the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA, ECLAC). " The role of the UN in the switch toward export promotion and trade liberalization. • The need for and limits of private and public investment. • The role of debt relief and donor consultations (Paris Club and UNDP round tables). • Actions to address volatility. 6. A Critical History of Human Rights at the United Nations by Roger Normand and Sarah Zaidi, scheduled to be completed 2002. An assessment of the revolutionary idea of human rights, beginning with the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration, and ending with the contemporary emphasis on the holistic package of civil, political, economic, social, and group rights. The following will also be examined: • The UN and the high priority attached to human rights by the West since the formulation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. • Evolution Vn first (mdVvidwai and cml), swo^d (economic, social, and cultoal) and third (group) generation human rights. MflY-01-2001 18:13 P. 14 April 2001 • The notion of "mainstreaming" human rights, and the tensions between universal and particular values that loom large within contemporary human rights debates. • The evolving notion of what is domestic jurisdiction and the tensions in UN Charter article 2(7) and other provisions of the Charter in light of humanitarian intervention and other more intensive measures in the post-Cold War era. 7. Women Enrich Development; UN Contributions to the Gender Revolution by Devaki Jain, scheduled to be completed by May 2002, An examination of the evolving UN role in fostering changes in values and policies toward women, including contrasts between regions and the unfinished agenda for the 21st century. Issues covered in this volume include: » Equal rights of men and women and nondiscrimination in the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, • The translation through subsequent resolutions, declarations, conventions, and recommendations of principles into programs and action, often far in advance of the legal or actual situations in individual countries. • The pioneering role for women and a frame of reference to which activists, both women and men, can appeal and from which they can derive moral, financial, and other practical support, " The UN's role in measuring the undervalued contribution of women to economic development and the use of new indices to identify potential for future generations. • The evolving UN role from the 1940s through the various declarations on the rights of women to the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. • The first world conference on women hi Mexico City to the fourth world conference in Beijing. • The context of the worldwide changes in the situation of women over the twentieth century, including major contrasts between regions and countries as well as the unfinished agenda on the eve of the 21 st century. 8. UN Contributions to Development Theory and Practice by Richard Jolly, Louis Emmery, Dharam Ghai, and Frederic Lapeyre, scheduled to be completed 2002. A historical overview of the new development ideas of the 1960s and 1970s and the new orthodoxies of the 1980s and 1990s as adopted, promoted, and implemented by the UN. Issues covered in this volume are: • A normative framework for development policies at the beginning of the 21st century, • Development thinking: lost and rediscovered. • The evolution of UN development practice, • Sectoral contributions of the United Nations, • The international dimensions of development. • Regional perspectives and case studies, • Important contributions and omissions. • Lessons for the future: Toward development policies for the 21st century. MflY-01-2001 18=14 P. 15 ...''• ' April 2001 9, UN Ideas: Views from the Trenches and Turrets by Thomas G. Weiss, Louis Emmery, • ; and Richard Jolly, scheduled to be completed 2003, Extracts from and introductory material for key interviews about the role of UN ideas in development discourse and policy from 65 oral history interviews with key participants at the UN. One of the key public products of this project is this second overarching book from three of the project's directors, which will include the following: • the role of the Nobel laureates in economics who have made a contribution to the work of the UN (for example, the role of Gimnar Myrdal in the early period of the Economic Commission for Europe, the role of Jan Tiribergen and Sir Arthur Lewis; the role of Raul Prebisch in the early years of ECLA and of Robert Gardner in the early period of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)). • views about the evolution of ideas and concepts in relationship to major global crises (e.g., the Depression, World War II, independence and decolonization, East-West tensions, North-South dialogue, the end of the Cold War); major UN issues (e.g., leadership, the international civil service, institutional rivalries); and the impact on discourse, coalition-building, decision-making, institutions. 10, The United Nations and Global Resource Management by Nico Schrijver, scheduled to be completed 2003, An analysis of the contribution of international organizations to the idea of sustainable development and to the effective management of the global commons. This volume will include: • A review of UN and related work on global public goods and more especially in the seabed of the oceans and in space (including issues around the preservation of clean air). « The role played by the Law of the Sea deliberations and by the Independent World Commission on the Oceans. « The notion of the Common Heritage of Mankind. • Agenda 22 and the protection and preservation of the environment; follow-up conferences in Kyoto and Buenos Aires. • The role of the UN Population Fund (UNFP A) and the series of World Population Conferences in Bucharest (1974), Mexico (1984) and Cairo (1994). • The notion of development as a precondition for voluntary reduction in family size. • The concept of sustainability as an integral component of all development efforts. 1L International Development Assistance by Olav Stokke, scheduled to be completed by My 2003. An assessment of the UN's role in conceptualizing and advocating policies for the transfer of public resources, soft lending, and technical assistance. This study will also examine: • The role of the UN and the intellectual giants in developing and getting accepted the idea of the transfer of public resources, including soft lending and technical assistance. « The origin of the controversial 0,7% target,, efforts on behalf ofleast-developed and other disadvantages countries, and 20/20. • The enduring legacy of technical assistance (later technical cooperation) and its evolution in theory and practice in the field. 10 IW-01-2001 IB: 15 p-16 April 2001 : * The theory of pre-investment through the UNDP. • The growth in South-South cooperation and the evolving nature of development assistance. 12. Ideas, the VNf and Development by Richard Jolly, Louis Emmery, and Thomas G. Weiss, scheduled to be completed 2004. :U$ A synthetic and critical review of the UN's economic and social development ideas, \';| concepts and actions, based on the research, analyses, and oral history interviews during :'f| the first five years of the UN Intellectual History Project. This third overarching volume :'| by three of the project's directors will be a "must" read and a substantial contribution to . ;| the study of international organization, development economics, and intellectual history. . ';| It will provide an overview of: ••'! • The ideas, concepts, and actions growing from the UN about the world economy and :'• J interdependence. 'h$ • Distinctive UN contributions to the analytical literature on a world employment : •''• || strategy, inflation, trade and development, internal and external development '.V| constraints, capital requirements, alternative national and international development |j strategies, world growth models, and human development. ',$ : • How ideas have influenced discourse (within disciplines and politically), made new ; v| coalitions possible, provided road maps for decision-makers, and become embedded H| in local, national, and international institutions. . .;J Books About International Peace and Security Books #13 and #17, below, have been part of the UNIHP's outline since the outset. However, earlier they had been conceived more particularly in terms of economic and social issues. They now include not only these dimensions but political and military ones as well. 13. A Critical History of Human Security byS. Neil MacFarlane and Yuen Foong- Khong, scheduled to be completed 2003. An analysis of the concept of human security, the UN's role in its development, and its utility as a conceptual device around which to harmonize international responses to instability and insecurity. Themes to be explored include: " Expanding the notion of security beyond military threats to include such notions as environmental decay and economic and social instability, 1980s vs 1990s.. • The links between arms expenditures and resources for development ("peace dividend"), and disarmament and development. « The idea of an Economic Security Council, • The idea of global social and democratic contracts and their relationships- . • The precedents of peacekeeping and the links to peace-building. • The interest of the private sector in human security, including in social peace and political stability. 14. Collective Security and Peacekeeping, authors to be commissioned :• II MflY-01-2001 IB:16 p.17 April 2001 An analysis of the main idea behind the UN's founding "to eliminate the scourge of war," the primary purpose for the world organization, and of the adaptation through an unusual military conflict management device during the Cold War, known as "Chapter Vl-and-a-1/!." The volume will touch upon: • The Charter regime as distinct from the League of Nations, in theory and practice, as an alternative to war. • The ad hoc development of chapter Vl-and-a-'/a, "peacekeeping,'1 during the Cold War. • The role of disarmament, an early 20th century idea transformed by nuclear weapons. • The role of key individuals (secretaries-general, Lester Pearson, Ralph Bunche, Brian Urquhart). • The transformation of demand for UN services in internal conflicts of the 1990s, including the impact of globalization on resource distribution and rnarginalization. • Chapter VIII and the use of regional organizations as sub-contractors. m • An Agenda for Peace and the future of UN peace operations. 15. Conflict Prevention, authors to be commissioned. An examination of the ideas behind chapter VI of the Charter, the pacific settlement of disputes, with particular reference to the crucial role of the Secretary-General as well as of the more recent emphasis on proactive measures that go beyond the eye of the storm to consider broad societal processes as well. This volume's analysis would include the host of initiatives and innovations to prevent the outbreak of violence or mitigate its impact on the functioning of states and communities: • The continually evolving role of the Secretary-General, especially good offices and including the use of special representatives. • The use of chapter VI of the Charter for the pacific settlement of disputes. • Preventive diplomacy and the "culture of prevention." • Peace-building and development as brakes on conflict and prevention facilitators. • The role of post-conflict peace-building, including demobilization and reintegration (not just factions but entire social groups). • Advocacy for disarmament and development measures and actual reductions in expenditures in the 1990s. • The efforts to circumscribe the use of child soldiers. • The role of globalization in helping or hindering preventive actions. 16. Humanitarian Intervention, authors to be commissioned. No single issue seized political imaginations in the 1990s and the new millennium more than the use of military force to sustain humanitarian action, perhaps the most crucial illustration of the fact that sovereignty is no longer sacrosanct The evolution of this concept includes: • The tension in Charter provisions for state sovereignty and human rights, and the evolution in two bodies of law in the last half of the 20th century. • The evolution of public international law and customary international law as a result of international responses to the crises of the 1990s. 12 MflY-01-2001 18:16 P. IB April 2001 • The evolving views of Secretaries-General toward the relative importance of human rights and sovereignty, with particular reference to the 1990s. • Evolving views and approaches to refugees, internally displaced persons, and other victims. • Sovereignty as responsibility. • Moral, legal,, operational, and political considerations during the debates of the 1990s—governmental, inter-governmental, and non-governmental. • Globalized media and impact on international responses of communications technologies. / 7. Global Governance by a multi-disciplinary team of authors (political, economic, legal) in collaboration with Thomas C, Weiss, scheduled to be completed 2004. An examination of evolving conceptualizations about international cooperation and of contemporary thinking about the relevance of international organizations as well as non- state actors (especially NGOs and the private sector) in the provision of global public goods. In light of the rapidly globalizing world economy dominated by private enterprise, there is a recognized need for some countervailing power. The discrepancy between ; normative realization and actuality is behind this final volume, which will explore: • The thinking about the range of actors that are relevant lor belter governance of the planet, particularly in light of the twin trends of globalization (interdependence) and fragmentation. • The role of the Group of 77 ideology, and North-South confrontation in international negotiations; the change to a more collaborative model in the 1980s and its impact on development and security debates and efforts, • The changing role of the state and views about the appropriate inter-governmental management of economic and political affairs. • The role of the eminent persons' commissions (e.g., Pearson, Brandt, and Brundtland) and of global, ad hoc conferences. • The debate about good governance at the national., regional, and global levels. • The continual efforts from 1945 to develop and adapt better inter-governmental machinery for development, human rights, and security. • The evolving nature of global public goods and transnational threats. • The history of Charter article 71 (on NGOs} through the "global compact" and the expansion of UN partners. • The possible role for an "Economic" Security Council. Reference Book 18. The Oxford History of the United Nations: A Critical Reference edited by Leon Gordenker and Thomas G. Weiss, to be completed 2004. A separate, but related, volume will be produced under the project's auspices as part of the series of A Companion to, published by Qxibrd University Press. This is a special undertaking by the Ralph Bonche Institute for International Studies, but it would be cost- effective to take advantage of the project's infrastructure and modest additional costs to supplement the $285,000 committed by Oxford University Press (for honoraria for authors and readers and marketing). Moreover, involvement by the UNIHP, rather than 13 MflY-01-2001 18:17 p-19 April 2001 the authors in their private capacities, would ensure a more solid and international set of contributions and support staff for the undertaking. In addition, key perspectives and possible contributing authors would already have been identified during the course of the project's other activities. In short, this would be a cost-effective way to help produce an essential reference work. The task is to commission some 150 analytical and interpretive essays of approximately 5,000 words each on important and controversial topics. This volume would be designed to provide "one-stop shopping" for key references written by leading scholars and practitioners, These cri