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Research Article www.eurasianjvetsci.org www.ejvs.selcuk.edu.tr RESEARCH ARTICLE The prevalence of helminth infections in water buffaloes in the vicinity of Afyonkarahisar province 2* 1 Hakan Guzel , Esma Kozan 2 1 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, District Directorate of Dinar, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Received: 02.04.2013, Accepted: 02.05.2013 *[email protected] Özet Abstract Guzel H, Kozan E. Guzel H, Kozan E. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2013, 29, Afyonkarahisar civarı mandalarında The prevalence of helminth infections in 3, 126-132 Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2013, 29, 3, 126-132 bulunan helmintlerin yayılışı. water buffaloes in the vicinity of Afyonkarahisar province. Aim: of helminth infections in water buffaloes raised in the vicinity Amaç: Bu çalışma Afyonkarahisar civarı mandalarında This study was conducted to determine the prevalence helmint enfeksiyonlarının durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. of Afyonkarahisar province. Gereç ve Yöntem: Material and Methods: Toplam 517 mandadan alınan dışkı Faecal samples, collected from a örnekleri helmintolojik açıdan incelendi, 20 mandanın organ total of 517 buffaloes, were examined helminthologically. muayenesi yapıldı ve helmintolojik açıdan değerlendirildi. Furthermore, organ examination was performed in 20 water buffaloes for the presence of helminths. Bulgular: Results: Çalışma süresince dışkı bakısı yapılan mandalarda The prevalence of helminth infection in the water enfeksiyon oranı %7.93 tespit edildi. Hastalıktan sorumlu buffaloes sampled for faeces throughout the study was 2 trematod ve 1 nematod olduğu gözlendi, ancak miks determined as 7.93%. Faecal examination revealed the enfeksiyona rastlanmadı. Mandalarda trematod ve nematod presence of 2 trematodes and 1 nematode in the infected enfeksiyonu sırasıyla %6.67 ve %1.16 olarak belirlenirken, cases, but mixed helminth infections were not encountered. sestod enfeksiyonuna rastlanmadı. Diğer yandan organ In water buffaloes, the prevalence of trematode and muayenesi yapılan mandalarda enfeksiyon oranının %20 nematode infections was ascertained as 6.67% and 1.16%, olduğu tespit edildi. Hastalıktan sorumlu türlerin 2 trematod respectively, whilst no cestode infection was detected. On the ve 1 sestod olduğu görüldü. other hand, the prevalence of helminth infection in the water buffaloes subjected to organ examination was ascertained as 20%. The parasitic agents involved in the infected cases included 2 trematodes and the larval stage of 1 cestode. Öneriler: Conclusions: infection was low, yet animals were infected with various Genel olarak enfeksiyon oranları düşük olmakla In general, it was observed that the rate of birlikte çeşitli helmint parazitlerin mandalarda enfeksiyona low was attributed to the increased level of awareness of the neden olduğu gözlenmiştir. Enfeksiyon oranının düşük farmershelminth on species. animal Thewelfare infection and farm rates management, of the animals as well being as olmasının hayvan refahı ve çiftlik yönetimi konusunda to the high level of use of anthelmintics in the region against bilincin artmasının yanı sıra yörede çiftlik hayvanlarına yönelik yoğun antelmentik kullanımından kaynaklanabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. common parasites of cattle and water buffaloes. Anahtar kelimeler: Keywords: Manda, helmint, Afyonkarahisar, Water buffalo, helminth, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Türkiye 126 Helminth infections in water buffaloes Guzel and Kozan Introduction - with relevant literature reports (Soulsby 1982, Hansen and andPerry the 1990). entire During organs theand studytissues period, of the slaughteredthe local slaughter animals Amongst livestock, water buffaloes have particular economic houses where buffalo slaughter was performed were visited significance across the world with respect to their use as a food animal raised for milk and meat production as well as were examined separately for the presence of helminths. for draught power. Buffaloes are bred at varying levels in- - almost 40 countries, located in the tropical and subtropical The statistical analysis of the results obtained in the study zones of the Asian continent (Southeast Asia), South Amer was made with the chi-square test and using the SPSS soft ica, North Africa, the Mediterranean excluding France, the ware package. P<0.05 was accepted at significance level. Results Balkans, also including certain Central European countries and Australia (Nanda and Nakao 2003, Anonymous 2012). - - In Turkey, buffaloes are bred in Samsun and Sinop provinces- Faecal examination revealed that 41 (7.93%) of the animals situated along the northern coast of Anatolia, in Tokat, Co were infected with different helminthic parasites. The para rum and Amasya provinces in Central Anatolia, in Afyon andsitic theinfections distribution were causedof helminth by 2 trematodesinfections for and the 1 cestode,age and karahisar and Balikesir provinces in Central-west Anatolia, but mixed infections were not encountered. The prevalence- in Sivas and Mus provinces in East Anatolia and in Diyarbakir province in Southeast Anatolia (Atasever and Erdem 2008). sex of the animals sampled are shown in Table 2. The preva - lence of helminth infection was determined as 15.2% in the To date, the helminth fauna of water buffaloes raised in- buffaloes aged 1-3 years and as 5.3% in the buffaloes aged terminingAfyonkarahisar the helminth province infections and its vicinity of water has buffaloes not been raisedinves 4 years, and the difference between the age groups was intigated. the region In this with respect, a view the to present determine study the was local aimed fauna at andde found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). 13.3% of the male buffaloes and 7% of the female buffaloes were found to be infected, yet, no statistically significant difference was- to contribute to the development of protection and control determined to exist for sex (p=0.061). Faecal examination- strategies for helminth infections. revealed that the prevalence of trematode and nematode in Materials and Methods fections were 6.67% and 1.16%, respectively, in water buffa - loes raised in Afyonkarahisar province and its vicinity, while cestode infections were not encountered. This study was conducted between March-2009 and Febru determined to contain strongylid eggs was minimum 25 and ary-2012 in the Akcin, Kucukcobanli, Kadikoy and Koprulu The number of eggs per gram faeces in the faecal samples villages and central district of Afyon province, all which are characterized by a high population of water buffaloes. Faecal maximum 150. Faecal cultures were preparedTrichostrongylus to enable the, samples were collected from a total of 517 buffaloes, 138 of- Oesophagostomumidentification of parasite, Haemonchus species, Bunostomumat least at the and genus Cooperia level. which were aged 1-3 years and 379 of which were aged 4 Accordingly, the presence of the genera years and above. Furthermore, organ examination was per formed in 20 water buffaloes for the presence of helminths. was confirmed. The percentile distribution of the genera of The distribution of the animals included in the study for age,- parasites determined in the faecal samples is given in Figure sex and origin is presented in Table 1. In addition to faecal 1. - yearsexamination, and above, the entireall which organs were and slaughtered tissues of 20 at animals,the slaugh in- ing buffalo slaughter were visited, and the organs and tissues cluding 14 that were aged 1-3 years and 6 that were aged 4- Throughout the study period, local slaughterhouses perform terhouse were examined for the presence of helminth infec tions. - The faecal samples were examined using the sedimenta- naltion, nematodes flotation techniques at least at the and genus the Baermann-Wetzel level, faecal cultures method were (Thienpont et al 1986). For the identification of gastrointesti- prepared (Soulsby 1982). The larvae recovered from the fae cal cultures were identified at the genus level in accordance - Figure1.The percentile distribution of the genera of parasites deter mined in the faecal samples. 127 Helminth infections in water buffaloes Guzel and Kozan Discussion Table 1. The distribution for age, sex and origin of buffaloes sampled for faeces. Origin 1-3 23 ≥4 Total fewBuffaloes studies bear have economic been conducted significance on the for helminththe dairy infectionsand meat 44 5 243 ofindustries water buffaloes, in Afyonkarahisar and to date, province. no such However, investigation only veryhad KadikoyAkcin 13- - 1- 111 148 Kuçukcobanli 28 - 166- Center 4 20 20 been carried out in Afyonkarahisar province. Koprulu 14 1 15 - 9 7 71 91 ological features, fewer helminth infections are observed in Owing to differences in management conditions and physi Total 64 74 11 368 517 - Table 2. Distribution for age and sex and percentages of helminth lencewater ofbuffaloes helminth in infectionscomparison determined to cattle (Duin water et al 1995).buffaloes In infections based on faecal examination results. the present study, the number of helminths and the preva Helminth 1-3 ≥4 Fasciola sp. 2 % were lower than those reported in cattle (Sevimli et al 2005, Paramphistomatidae sp. - - - Sevimli et al 2007). Similar to previous studies conducted 7- 103 - 153 6.57 Strongylida sp. in cattle, a smaller number of helminth species and a lower 1 0.19 1.16 prevalence of helminth infections having been detected in the present study. Table 3.The distribution of the helminths,
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