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Oportunidades, 15 Years of Results

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Oportunidades, 15 Years of Results Oportunidades, 15 years of results www.oportunidades.gob.mx Este programa es público, ajeno a cualquier partido político. Queda prohibido el uso para fines distintos al desarrollo social. Oportunidades, 15 years of results 2012 Oportunidades, 15 years of results Programa de Desarrollo Humano Oportunidades Av. Insurgentes Sur 1480, Barrio Actipan, Benito Juárez, México, Distrito Federal, 03230 Teléfono (55) 5482 0700 “El condicionamiento electoral o político de los programas sociales constituye un delito federal que se sanciona de acuerdo con las leyes correspondientes. Ningún servidor público puede utilizar su puesto o sus recursos para promover el voto a favor o en contra de algún partido o candidato. El Programa Oportunidades es de carácter público y su otorgamiento o continuidad no depende de partidos políticos o candidatos; los partidos políticos no podrán utilizar o referir este programa en su propaganda”. Oportunidades, 15 years of results Table of contents 1. Introduction 7 2. Context of poverty in Mexico 9 3. Oportunidades, a human development program 13 4. Program’s evolution 1997-2012 23 5. Budget 27 6. External evaluation results 29 7. Previous discoveries 41 8. Use of evaluations 45 9. Oportunidades, a successful case of social policy 47 6 Oportunidades, 15 years of results 1.Introduction The social policy of the Mexican Government is aimed to improve human development and wellbeing among Mexicans through the development of their capacities in health, education and nutrition, in order to promote equality and overcome poverty. Oportunidades is one of the core axes of Mexican policy, and in 2012 is benefiting 5.8 million families. Other 700,000 hou- seholds are beneficiaries of the Food Support Program (Programa de Apoyo Alimentario-PAL), which operates in marginalized areas with no access to education or health services. Both programs -Oportunidades and PAL- make up a total coverage of 6.5 million families, which means that 30% of Mexicans receive cash trans- fers in order to help them overcome their poverty condition and build a different future for themselves and their families. 7 The economic incentive disbursed to our beneficiaries, helps their families –especially children- improve their nutritional and health condition, as well as to increase their levels of school attendance, based on the fact that education is the foundation for a better future. Our results demonstrate that incentives provided for nutrition, health and education can make a difference in transiting from the lack of opportunities for development to achieving adequate living standards. In the current phase of social policy, Oportunidades´ challenge is to increase options and alternative exit doors in order to link those families living in extreme poverty with productive options that will allow them to use their newly developed capabilities to increase their income. During its 15 years of operation, Oportunidades has demonstrated that it does work. The inter-institutional intervention and the conditional compliance with certain requirements (corresponsabi- lity) of its beneficiaries are creating a positive impact in the life of over 34 million Mexicans that nowadays have a better living. 8 Oportunidades, 15 years of results The Context 2. of Poverty in Mexico In 2010, for the first time Mexico became the home of one hun- dred million inhabitants; according to official figures of National Statistics and Geography Institute (INEGI), 112.6 millions of people live in national territory, out of which 50.1% are women living in a territory conformed of 2,456 municipalities, where 2,294 (93,4%) have more than 50% of its population without access to social security. One of the main priorities for Mexican social politics consists on overcoming the extreme poverty conditions that over 52 million Mexicans live in, whom in 2010 had at least one social insuffi- ciency and whose income was not enough to satisfy their basic needs. 9 Members of economically disadvantaged families in this situation face: Greater chances of drop-outs. Greater chances of diseases and malnutrition. Lower possibilities of finding productive and well-paid jobs. These factors cause poverty to be transmitted from one generation to another. Measuring Poverty According to the Social Development Statute, the National Council for Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL) is the official institution in charge of determining the applicable methodology to measure poverty in our country, utilizing the multidimensional methodology. The aforementioned methodology incorporates three aspects of life conditions: socioeconomic wellbeing, social rights and territo- rial context. 10 According to this methodology, someone is considered in poverty when their income is located under the well being line and presents insufficiencies in at least one of the following indicators: Average education gaps. Access to health services. Access to social security. Household size and overall housing quality. Access to basic household services. Access to nutrition. Current per capita income. Social cohesion. 11 People are considered to be in extreme poverty when they face three or more social deficiencies each, and their full income is located under the well being parameter line. Using the same parameters, one person is vulnerable by its social deficiencies if they have at least one insufficiency, even though their income is located over the well being parameter line. Moreover, a person its considered vulnerable by its income if he or she doesn’t have social insufficiencies but their income is located under the well being parameter line. This newly improved methodology allows the study of poverty in deep due to the fact that it’s not only measuring income but analy- zes social insufficiencies from a social point of view, thus being able to timely monitor insufficiencies and socioeconomic well being of its population. 12 Oportunidades, 15 years of results Oportunidades, a Human 3. Development Program The main purpose of the Mexican Government policy is to accom- plish access to equal opportunities for better living, thus reaching human development and social welfare for its people. The program’s objective is favoring the development of capacities associated to education, health and nutrition of its beneficiary families in order to contribute to break the intergenerational cycle of poverty. Nowadays the Program assists 6.5 million families being present in every state of the country and covering 100% of the nation’s municipalities emphasizing those most marginalized; it benefits approximately 187,000 localities throughout the country, 99% of which are rural and semi-urban. 13 Program’s Design and Operation Oportunidades is one of the main instruments of Mexican social policy and it is within its framework that joint actions are develo- ped in order to create wellbeing amongst families living in extreme poverty conditions. Its design combines the issuance of conditioned cash transfers with coordinated interventions regarding health, nutrition and education. In the short term, these incentives help families improve their socioeconomic condition providing the beneficiaries with the possibility to obtain better wages. In the medium term it stimulates the development of capabilities by promoting regular school attendance and medical checkups. Oportunidades uses gender approach helping girls, boys and teens maintain regular school attendance so they finish and obtain their middle and high school diplomas. Nowadays, Oportunidades provides more than six million educa- tional grants, thus allowing beneficiaries´ children and teens achie- ve higher education standards and acquire higher expectations than those their parents had for themselves. 14 Food Support Program (Programa de Apoyo Alimentario-PAL) The Food Support Program assists more than 50,000 localities nationwide which at the moment don’t have access to health or education services. It started as a Program called “Pa que te alcance” and “Te nutre” which were instrumented in 2003, by 2007 it operated as “Rural Food Support Program” (PAAR by its spanish acronym) in two different modes: nutrition and rural supply, in 2008 it transformed into the Food Support Program in Priority areas (PAAZAP by its spanish acronym), by 2009 with the fusion of PAAR and PAAZAP the Food Suuport Program (PAL by its spanish acronym) was created. By 2010 Oportunidades started operating it. Its main objective is to contribute to the development of basic capabilities of its beneficiaries in order to improve the nutrition of families, boy and girls 5 years old and younger and pregnant and breastfeeding women. PAL is a transitional incentive for those families which are located on marginalized localities which cannot be permanently contacted, but at some point they will be migrated to Oportunidades. PAL´s coverage Year Municipalities Localities Families 2010 2,330 54,367 677,027 2011 2,330 50,792 673,547 2012 2,337 50,792 673,547 Source: Oportunidades Register and Transfer Office, 2012 15 Beneficiaries’ Identification Oportunidades applies a rigorous beneficiaries’ identification system by means of a socioeconomic and demographic inquiry. Families incorporated to the Program hold that place due to their poverty conditions and vulnerability; their continuance will be determined by the fulfillment of their co-responsibilities: regular attendance to school and medical appointments. The Program’s correct focusing method has allowed Oportunidades to grow and increase its coverage to a larger
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