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El Impacto Del Covid 19 En La Industria Maquiladora Y La Nueva Normalidad

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El Impacto Del Covid 19 En La Industria Maquiladora Y La Nueva Normalidad University of Texas at El Paso ScholarWorks@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2020-01-01 El Impacto Del Covid 19 En La Industria Maquiladora Y La Nueva Normalidad Daniela Salas Molina University of Texas at El Paso Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Salas Molina, Daniela, "El Impacto Del Covid 19 En La Industria Maquiladora Y La Nueva Normalidad" (2020). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 3194. https://scholarworks.utep.edu/open_etd/3194 This is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EL IMPACTO DEL COVID 19 EN LA INDUSTRIA MAQUILADORA Y LA NUEVA NORMALIDAD Master´s Program in Sociology APPROVED: Guillermina Gina Nuñez-Mchiri, Ph.D., Chair Maria Cristina Morales, Ph.D. Yolanda Chávez Leyva, Ph.D. Stephen L. Crites, Jr., Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Daniela Salas Molina 2020 EL IMPACTO DEL COVID 19 EN LA INDUSTRIA MAQUILADORA Y LA NUEVA NORMALIDAD by DANIELA SALAS MOLINA, B.A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Sociology and Anthropology THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2020 Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer primeramente a mis padres por siempre apoyarme a ir tras mis sueños y enseñarme que solo con trabajo y perseverancia se puede salir adelante, sin su apoyo incondicional no hubiera tenido el valor de dejar mi casa para irme a estudiar una maestría, las palabras nunca van a ser suficientes para expresar lo agradecida que estoy con ustedes. A mis hermanos, gracias por ser un gran ejemplo para mi. Abraham, gracias porque has estado para animarme cuando estoy por rendirme y por impulsarme a ser mejor cada día, gracias por apoyar cada uno de mis sueños y siempre tener los brazos abiertos para consolarme en los días dificiles. Gracias Dr. Guillermina Nuñez, Dr. Cristina Morales y Dr. Yolanda Leyva por conformar mi comité, por sus consejos y recomendaciones para realizar un buen trabajo de investivación. Pero principalmente gracias Dios. iv Abstract Given the current pandemic facing the entire world in 2020, this study focuses on how workers in the maquiladora industry in Ciudad Juárez were affected by this virus. This work seeks to respond to what was the impact of COVID 19 in the maquiladora industry and how workers and their families were affected? And what role did workers play in requesting protection and what measures did companies implement to protect their employees? The interest of Chihuahua and Mexico is that the maquiladora industry returns to normal as soon as possible and its production levels increase, the United States puts pressure on the country and Mexico's lack of autonomy is claiming the lives of thousands of Mexicans.The methodology be an analysis of testimonies and complaints published in local newspapers and social media, as well as a comparison between the official narratives in comparison to what employees observed. Resumen Dada la actual pandemia que enfrenta el mundo entero en el 2020, este estudio se centra en cómo los trabajadores de la industria maquiladora en Ciudad Juárez se vieron afectados por este virus. Este trabajo busca dar respuesta a cuál fue el impacto de COVID 19 en la industria maquiladora y cómo se vieron afectados los trabajadores y sus familias. ¿Qué papel jugaron los trabajadores en la solicitud de protección y qué medidas implementaron las empresas para proteger a sus empleados? El interés de Chihuahua y México es que la industria maquiladora vuelva a la normalidad lo antes posible y sus niveles de producción aumenten, Estados Unidos presiona al país y la falta de autonomía de México está cobrando la vida de miles de mexicanos. análisis de testimonios y denuncias publicados en periódicos locales y redes sociales, así como una comparación entre las narrativas oficiales en comparación con lo observado por los empleados. Palabras clave: Covid 19, Industria Maquiladora, Movimientos Sociales, Denuncias, Testimonios v Tabla de contenido Agradecimientos ............................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Tabla de contenido……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………vi Tabla de imagenes.......................................................................................................................... ix Capítulo 1: Introducción ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Autoetnografía ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Introducción al estudio ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Ciudad Juárez y la industria maquiladora ............................................................................ 4 1.4. Introducción al problema ..................................................................................................... 8 Capítulo 2: Revisión de la literatura y marco teórico ................................................................... 10 2.1. Marco teórico ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.2. Revisión de la literatura ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Industria Maquiladora en Ciudad Juárez ..................................................................... 11 2.2.2. La Participación de la Mujer en la Industria Maquiladora ......................................... 14 2.2.3. Comportamiento de la Industria Maquiladora ante el COVID 19 .............................. 14 2.2.4. Protestas en las Maquiladoras durante la pandemia ................................................... 16 2.2.5. México dependiente de EUA ...................................................................................... 20 2.2.6. Jornada Nacional de Sana Distancia: una respuesta a nivel federal ........................... 21 2.2.7. La Nueva Normalidad ................................................................................................. 23 Capítulo 3: Metodología y análisis de datos de investigación ...................................................... 25 vi 3.1. Metodología ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.1. Triangulación .............................................................................................................. 25 3.1.2. Análisis de contenido .................................................................................................. 26 3.1.3. Autoetnografía ............................................................................................................ 27 3.1.4. Testimonios ................................................................................................................. 29 3.2. Preguntas de investigación ................................................................................................. 30 3.3. Población objetivo ............................................................................................................. 31 3.4. Procedimiento y organización de la investigación............................................................. 31 3.5. Consideraciones éticas ....................................................................................................... 33 Capítulo 4: Hallazgos ................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.Testimonios y denuncias en medios de comunicación ....................................................... 34 4.1.1.De Europa a Juárez: el virus que desató contagios dentro de una maquiladora .......... 34 4.1.2. Son 15 fallecidos de maquiladoras ............................................................................. 43 4.1.3.Contagios, de la línea de producción a las familias de los trabajadores ...................... 45 4.1.4.Sólo tras la muerte de dos trabajadoras por COVID-19, la maquiladora cerró ........... 54 4.1.5.Foxconn de Cd. Juárez ”sabe muy bien que hay gente enferma de Covid-19 y sigue 57 laborando” ............................................................................................................................. 57 4.2.Testimonios informales ....................................................................................................... 62 4.2.1.Testimonio Empresa 1 ................................................................................................. 63 4.2.2. Testimonio Empresa 2 ................................................................................................ 64 4.2.3. Testimonio Empresa 3 ................................................................................................ 65 4.3. Estadisticas oficiales de casos de COVID en el estado de Chihuahua .............................. 66 vii Capitulo 5: Resultados .................................................................................................................
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