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ILRI Animal Care and Use Manual Second Edition

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ILRI Animal Care and Use Manual Second Edition ILRI animal care and use manual Second edition August 2021 ILRI animal care and use manual Table of contents Preface to the second edition ...................................................................................................................... vii Introduction to the first edition .................................................................................................................. viii Standard operating procedures (SOPs) by species .................................................................................. 1 1.Avian ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Avian Influenza – collecting pathological samples for avian influenza virus diagnosis ........................ 1 1.2 Avian Influenza - necropsy of bird’s carcasses for avian influenza ..................................................... 5 2.Bat ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Zoonoses - Procedure for anaesthesia with isoflurane (duplicated on 8.21) .................................... 9 2.2 Zoonoses - Animal bites from field collections in Busia, western Kenya. ....................................... 11 2.3 Zoonoses - Capture of bats for sample collection in Busia, western Kenya .................................. 15 2.4 Zoonoses - Procedure for euthaniasia with isoflurane .................................................................... 18 2.5 Zoonoses - Euthanasia of injured bats from field collections in Busia, western Kenya .................. 21 2.6 Zoonoses - Necropsy procedure .................................................................................................... 24 2.7 Zoonoses -Post mortem procedure ................................................................................................ 28 3. Buffalo .................................................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Jugular vein blood collection ............................................................................................................ 32 3.2 Tail vein blood collection ................................................................................................................. 34 3.3 Euthanasia by chemical means ......................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Intradermal injections ...................................................................................................................... 38 3.5 Intramuscular injections ................................................................................................................... 40 3.6 Subcutaneous injections ................................................................................................................... 42 4.Cattle ....................................................................................................................................................... 44 4.1 Jugular vein blood collection ............................................................................................................ 44 4.2 Tail vein blood collection ................................................................................................................. 46 4.3 Blood smear collection ................................................................................................................... 48 4.4 Bone marrow collection .................................................................................................................. 50 4.5 Cell depletion. .................................................................................................................................. 53 4.6 Euthanasia by captive bolt ................................................................................................................ 56 4.7 Euthanasia by chemical means. ......................................................................................................... 58 4.8 Euthanasia – Exsanguination by carotid artery cannulation ............................................................. 60 4.9 Intradermal injections ...................................................................................................................... 62 4.10 Intramuscular injections. ................................................................................................................ 64 4.11 Intravenous injection into the jugular vein .................................................................................... 66 4.12 Subcutaneous injections ................................................................................................................. 68 4.13 Lymph duct cannulation ................................................................................................................. 70 4.14 Lymph node biopsy (Smears) ......................................................................................................... 73 Page ii of 392 ILRI animal care and use manual 4.15 Partial or complete lymph node removal ...................................................................................... 75 4.16 Adipose tissue biopsy .................................................................................................................... 77 4.17 Serial collection of liver biopsy ...................................................................................................... 79 4.18 Skin biopsy. .................................................................................................................................... 82 4.19 Spleen exteriorization. ................................................................................................................... 84 4.20 Needle biopsy of the spleen after exteriorization. ........................................................................ 86 4.21 Spleen biopsy ................................................................................................................................. 88 4.22 Splenectomy ................................................................................................................................... 90 4.23 Castration. ..................................................................................................................................... 92 4.24 Rumen fistulation ........................................................................................................................... 94 4.25 Collection of faecal samples ........................................................................................................... 96 4.26 CBPP – Trans-tracheal injection .................................................................................................... 98 4.27 CBPP- Lung infection with MmmSC ............................................................................................ 100 4.28 Cloned cow – Caesarean section ............................................................................................... 103 4.29 ECF – End point determination ................................................................................................... 107 4.30 ECF – Theileria parva infection of/by vector ................................................................................. 110 4.31 ECF – Infection/treatment by needle for Theileria spp ............................................................... 112 4.32 ECF – Infection by needle of Theileria spp ................................................................................... 114 4.33 ECF – Tick feeding without the vector present .......................................................................... 116 4.34 ECF – Inoculation of Theileria parva schizont infected cells ........................................................ 118 4.35 Trypanosome – Infected tsetse flies infecting cattle .................................................................... 120 4.36 Trypanosome – Infection by needle ............................................................................................ 122 4.37 Trypanosome – Non-infected tsetse flies feeding on infected cattle .......................................... 124 4.38 Trypanosome – Tsetse flies feeding without vector ................................................................... 126 4.39 Trypanosome –Definitions of end points for infection ............................................................... 128 4.40 Collection of ruminal sample ....................................................................................................................... 131 4.41 Hand milking of cattle .................................................................................................................................... 132 5.Eland ..................................................................................................................................................... 133 5.1 Jugular vein blood collection .......................................................................................................... 133 5.2 Tail Vein blood collection .............................................................................................................. 135 5.3 Euthanasia by chemical means ......................................................................................................
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