ILRI animal care and use manual Second edition August 2021 ILRI animal care and use manual Table of contents Preface to the second edition ...................................................................................................................... vii Introduction to the first edition .................................................................................................................. viii Standard operating procedures (SOPs) by species .................................................................................. 1 1.Avian ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Avian Influenza – collecting pathological samples for avian influenza virus diagnosis ........................ 1 1.2 Avian Influenza - necropsy of bird’s carcasses for avian influenza ..................................................... 5 2.Bat ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Zoonoses - Procedure for anaesthesia with isoflurane (duplicated on 8.21) .................................... 9 2.2 Zoonoses - Animal bites from field collections in Busia, western Kenya. ....................................... 11 2.3 Zoonoses - Capture of bats for sample collection in Busia, western Kenya .................................. 15 2.4 Zoonoses - Procedure for euthaniasia with isoflurane .................................................................... 18 2.5 Zoonoses - Euthanasia of injured bats from field collections in Busia, western Kenya .................. 21 2.6 Zoonoses - Necropsy procedure .................................................................................................... 24 2.7 Zoonoses -Post mortem procedure ................................................................................................ 28 3. Buffalo .................................................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Jugular vein blood collection ............................................................................................................ 32 3.2 Tail vein blood collection ................................................................................................................. 34 3.3 Euthanasia by chemical means ......................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Intradermal injections ...................................................................................................................... 38 3.5 Intramuscular injections ................................................................................................................... 40 3.6 Subcutaneous injections ................................................................................................................... 42 4.Cattle ....................................................................................................................................................... 44 4.1 Jugular vein blood collection ............................................................................................................ 44 4.2 Tail vein blood collection ................................................................................................................. 46 4.3 Blood smear collection ................................................................................................................... 48 4.4 Bone marrow collection .................................................................................................................. 50 4.5 Cell depletion. .................................................................................................................................. 53 4.6 Euthanasia by captive bolt ................................................................................................................ 56 4.7 Euthanasia by chemical means. ......................................................................................................... 58 4.8 Euthanasia – Exsanguination by carotid artery cannulation ............................................................. 60 4.9 Intradermal injections ...................................................................................................................... 62 4.10 Intramuscular injections. ................................................................................................................ 64 4.11 Intravenous injection into the jugular vein .................................................................................... 66 4.12 Subcutaneous injections ................................................................................................................. 68 4.13 Lymph duct cannulation ................................................................................................................. 70 4.14 Lymph node biopsy (Smears) ......................................................................................................... 73 Page ii of 392 ILRI animal care and use manual 4.15 Partial or complete lymph node removal ...................................................................................... 75 4.16 Adipose tissue biopsy .................................................................................................................... 77 4.17 Serial collection of liver biopsy ...................................................................................................... 79 4.18 Skin biopsy. .................................................................................................................................... 82 4.19 Spleen exteriorization. ................................................................................................................... 84 4.20 Needle biopsy of the spleen after exteriorization. ........................................................................ 86 4.21 Spleen biopsy ................................................................................................................................. 88 4.22 Splenectomy ................................................................................................................................... 90 4.23 Castration. ..................................................................................................................................... 92 4.24 Rumen fistulation ........................................................................................................................... 94 4.25 Collection of faecal samples ........................................................................................................... 96 4.26 CBPP – Trans-tracheal injection .................................................................................................... 98 4.27 CBPP- Lung infection with MmmSC ............................................................................................ 100 4.28 Cloned cow – Caesarean section ............................................................................................... 103 4.29 ECF – End point determination ................................................................................................... 107 4.30 ECF – Theileria parva infection of/by vector ................................................................................. 110 4.31 ECF – Infection/treatment by needle for Theileria spp ............................................................... 112 4.32 ECF – Infection by needle of Theileria spp ................................................................................... 114 4.33 ECF – Tick feeding without the vector present .......................................................................... 116 4.34 ECF – Inoculation of Theileria parva schizont infected cells ........................................................ 118 4.35 Trypanosome – Infected tsetse flies infecting cattle .................................................................... 120 4.36 Trypanosome – Infection by needle ............................................................................................ 122 4.37 Trypanosome – Non-infected tsetse flies feeding on infected cattle .......................................... 124 4.38 Trypanosome – Tsetse flies feeding without vector ................................................................... 126 4.39 Trypanosome –Definitions of end points for infection ............................................................... 128 4.40 Collection of ruminal sample ....................................................................................................................... 131 4.41 Hand milking of cattle .................................................................................................................................... 132 5.Eland ..................................................................................................................................................... 133 5.1 Jugular vein blood collection .......................................................................................................... 133 5.2 Tail Vein blood collection .............................................................................................................. 135 5.3 Euthanasia by chemical means 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