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The Situation in Turkish Kurdistan, November 1992

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The Situation in Turkish Kurdistan, November 1992 INSTITUT URD DE PARIS THE SITUATION IN TURKISH KURDISTAN Information and liaison bulletin I SPECIAL ISSUE I NOVEMBER 1992 This bulletin is issued in French. German.EnqIish. Kurdish. Spanish and TurRish. Price per issue: France: 30 FF - Elsewhere: 35 FF Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France: 300 FF - Elsewhere: 350 FF Monthly review Directeur de la publication: Mohamad HASSAN num~ro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 15 AS. ISSN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURD!:. 106. rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : (I) 48 24 64 64 - Fax: 477099 04 The tragic fight of the Kurduh people, which has lasted for such a long time, has its origins in the principle right of everypopulation toauto-determination. Thu u why it is a righteous fight. I call open all governments, organizations and citizens ofall countries as well as the international organizations to become aware ; in their relations with the countries where Kurds live, they should become aware of the realpolitics conducted by the leaders of these countries and their politics concerning the Kurds. No manifestation of cruelty, no national or social injustice, no impinging on human rights and no genocide should go unnoticed. Neither should it remain without consequence for those countries allowing these actions. Andrei Sakharov Excerpt from Mr. A. Sakharov's message at the International Conference in Paris: "The Kurds: Human Rights and Cultural Identity, " ,. October 14-15,1989. THE SITUATION IN TURKISH KURDISTAN • From repression to "total war" • A few basic facts • The destruction and evacuation of Kurdish cities and villages • Assassinations of Kurdish civilians • Censorship • Turkish points of view • Western testimony FROM REPRESSION TO "TOTAL WAR" toll established by of banned and the Turkish daily Since the military caup of confiscated books). At Cronhuriyet (Turkish the same time, thanks to a 'equivalent to Le September 12, 1980, operations of general pardon, about Mondel dated d 40,000 (forty thousandl December 12, massive repression carrie out in prisoners were released, 1989 under-scores the Kurdish provinces have resulted but they cou Id not recover the massive character of the their civil rights. In rep-ression: 650,000 (six ~'inthe exodus of 5 to 6 million particular, Kurdish mili- hundred and fifty thousand) , tants, who had often persons, (in the majority I Kurds to thewestem provinces already spent11 years in Kurds), have been in police ~.t...:L d h ,( prison for the offense of custody from September, OJ Tur"ey an t e emergence OJ a "separatist" opinions, remain deprived of their 1980toDecember, 1989. ! O'llerrilla movement in Turkish Detention, which could last 1 0'" political and civil rights up to 90 days, resulted in l Kurdistan as of August, 1984, for the rest of their lives. 210,000 (two hundred ten 1 Kurds exiled in Europe thousandllrials, The use of I remain stripped of their torture was systematic; 171 L. .m .... , ••. ,. , ' ... , . u .... ...... citizenship. persons died as a result of torture; Kurdistan, often at the initiative of Thegovernment coalition formed after thousands of prisoners were their children or those close to victims the elections of October, 1991 has handicapped for life. The number of ofthat savage repression. Thestartof not kept its promise of "recognition of •suspicious deaths" in prison is more the guerrilla, at its turn, opened the the Kurdish reality in Turkey" either . than 300. Fourteen prisoners died way to more pronounced military No concrete step has been taken in during hunger strikesstarted to protest and police control in the Kurdish this direction. None of the reforms in against the inhuman conditions of provinces, submilled to a state of the direction of democratization detention. Thirty thousand persons emergency. announced with a great deal of were obliged to flee the country for The hopes aroused in April, publicity in the media has been political reasons. Approximately 1991 by the announce of the search implemented. One even notices a 14,000 lost their Turkish citizenship for a political solution to the Kurdish very strong toughening in Turkish by decree of the Council of Ministers. question were quickly disappointed. policy. ICf. thespeech ofthe president Three hundred eighty-eightthousand Certainly, a law forbidding even the of the Court of Appeal). The civil citizens are forbidden to have oral useof the Kurdish language was power has given the army and the passports. The number of citizens abolished, but a law called .onti- police a free hand to lead a total labeled as "lillie trustworthy" or terrorist," proclaimed at the same war on Kurdiston as they like. "suspicious: therefore forbidden all time, assimilated publications, Ineffect, since spring, 1992, public employment, would number in leaching and radio diffusion in Kurdish it is no longer a question of repression the millions. as terroristacls. Evenbooks inTurkish or of limited operations carried out It is on this background that about Kurds continued to be against the Kurdish guerrilla, butofa armed fighting could break out in confiscated. (Cf. the incomplete list war mobilizing more than half the •6. The Situation In Turkish Kurdlstan • November 1992 • Kurdish aviation troops assisted by doctors, engineers, professors, etc. and manipulations. Thus, several special anti-riot units ITIM), of more have been assassinated by death atrocious massacres of Kurdish than 30,000 korucu lbackup troops squads put in place by special units villagers and buspassengersattributed of farmers paid by Ankara) and death of the Turkish kontrgerilla. None of to the PKKrevealed themselves to be squads. The aviation bombs and sets the authors of these crimes has been the work of special unitsdisguised as fire to forests and villages in Turkish pursued; those arrested by the popIT Kurdishguerrillas or as backup troops Kurdistan. Up to now, 296 villages Iation and handed over to the police lkorucul commanded by the army. hove been evacuated by the army; have been freed quickly because of An advantage counted on by several dozens have been burned "insufficient evidence." Because of thisMochiaveliian psychological 'NOr: (d. attached listl. In a process that is this, the victims' families, wha have mobilize public opinion around a reminder of Saddam Hussein's des- lostall confidence in the justice of the "just war" of the army while killing a truction of Iraqi Kurdistan, the Turkish Turkish state, no longer lodge maximum of Kurds and by forcing army, using various pretexts, now complaints. Turkishpower in Kurdisfan others to flee the region from terror. destroys Kurdish frontier towns and is less and less saddled with arrests This frantic propaganda is cities located in the mountains and and trials; it privileges summary beginning to have as a consequence obliges their inhabitants to go live executions of "suspicious" Kurdish to dress the Turks against the Kurds, elsewhere, preferably in Turkish militants more and more. Including in Turkish metropolis Anatolia, in order to increase the The Turkish authorities who lIstanbul, Izmir, Adanal. It risks to depopulation of Kurdistan. To this have carried out a "holy union" with progressively provoke a Kurdo-Turkish day, 4 cities-Sirnak, C;:ukurca,Kulp the army at the political level, have war with consequences that are that and Varto-have been destroyed by also succeeded in mobilizing almost much more incalculable as more than the Turkish army (d. testimony all the written press, radios and half the 15 million Kurds of Turkey gathered by the press and internatio- televisions for their outrageous now live in Turkish Anatolia. nal organizationsl. Faced with the propaganda. The few magazines If the international communily absence of significant international and revues concerned with being and its institution: (UN, CSCE, EEC, reactions, Ankara could systematize independent are either stifled Council of Europe, etc.) do not react this policy of destruction and economically by frequent confisca- now, rapidly and energetically, to evacuation of Kurdistan. tions, or prevented from going to the put a stap to this infernal spiral, in the Assured of total impunily, Kurdish provinces by various near future they risk10 find themselves Turkishspecial units make terror reign assassinations and threats. In this with a war much more murderous in Kurdish cities known to be context of control of information, only than the Yugoslav conflict, with pro- "strongholds of Kurdish nationalism." the version given by the military bable prolongations in the heart of In one year, more than 350 Turkish command is diffused by the media. theEEC, that houses 1.5 million Turks civilians, including 9 journalists, This obviOUSlyfavors all the killings and nearly 650,000 Kurds. A FEW BASIC FACTS The Kurdish population in Turkey: 15 million (25% of the total population of Turkey) (57% of the entire Kurdish population in the Near East) Turkish Kurdistan Surface: 234,000 km2 (30% of the total surface of Turkey) (44% of the total surface of Kurdistan) • Ankara ITURKEVI m Teheran m~.:.: ..: IIRANI .. "::. ~:':' .:.:..'. "Y.: Recent Origins ot the war Excerpt from the Information and liaison Bulletin No 55 - December, 1989, Kurdish Institute of Paris TURKEY: ALARMING REPORT ON HUMAN RITHTS 5,058 individuals guilty of torture: In its December 12th issue, the Turkish dat~ a mere 544 of themwere sentenced. Cumhuriyet, published an alarming report an human • There are still 52 000 people, rights covering the past ten years. The report speaksfor including approximately 5,000 are political prisoners, detained in 644 itself. This is how the pape~ widely held to be.the jails, whether they be open, semi- open, special or of type E. Turkish equivalent oj the French daily (le Mondt", • 14 people died in prison follow- assesses the situation since the coup 'on ing hunger strikes. Thousands of September 12t~ 1980: others become invalids. • 30 000 people left the country for political reasons. Among them 14000 were stripped of their na- • 650 000 people were kept in • During the proceedings at the tionality by decision of the Council police custody for various reasons.
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