Great Expectations U Researchers Take Stem Cell Science from Petri Dish to Patient
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UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL A PUBLICATION OF THE MINNESOTA MEDICAL FOUNDATION MEDICAL THE MINNESOTA OF A PUBLICATION Great expectations U researchers take stem cell science from Petri dish to patient FALL 2009 Faculty combats disparities that lead to diabetes Federal funds foster stimulating lessons in cancer biology The father of chronobiology explains why timing is everything About the Medical School THE UNIVERSITY of Minnesota Medical School encourages collaborations that spur innovations—discoveries that advance biomedical knowledge, patient care, and educational programs. The Medical School now trains 920 medical students and more than 800 residents and fellows and is home to 1,600 faculty physicians and scientists. About the Minnesota 8 Medical Foundation THE MINNESOTA Medical Foundation is a nonprofit organization that raises millions of dollars annually to help improve the quality of life for the people of Minnesota, the nation, and the world ON THE WEB by supporting health-related research, education, and service at the University Find web-exclusive content in the online version of the of Minnesota, including many Medical Medical Bulletin at www.mmf.umn.edu/bulletin. School initiatives. Stem cell discoveries Biological rhythms Find videos and a news story Watch a video of Dr. Franz Frank B. Cerra, M.D. about the use of stem cell Halberg explaining how his Medical School Dean and therapies to treat various cancers, chronobiology research can Senior Vice President for Health Sciences Parkinson’s disease, and other improve medicine today. Mark S. Paller, M.D., M.S. major illnesses. Executive Vice Dean, Medical School Alumni Reunion Weekend Becky Malkerson Disparities and diabetes Find your classmates in a President and CEO, View a slideshow from slideshow from this fall’s Minnesota Medical Foundation the Bright Start obesity Medical School alumni reunion. prevention study on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. FALL 2009 Contents 14 18 Features ALSO IN THIS ISSUE 8 GREAT EXPECTATIONS 2 Medical School News The potential to transform medicine looms large as 6 Global Outreach the Stem Cell Institute embarks on its second decade Medical student Amanda Noska of discovery combines medicine and human rights to help Haitian women 14 CLOSING THE GAP quit prostitution University researchers combat health disparities that put some groups at higher risk for diabetes 22 Alumni Spotlight Joy Ngobi, M.D., M.P.H., crafts 18 STIMULATING LESSONS hope for her native Uganda Masonic Cancer Center scientists make the most 24 Alumni Connections of federal funds to engage teachers and students in hands-on research 26 Scholarship Winner A career-defining detour leads Rebecca Johnson to a pathology career E-mail us at [email protected] to receive the 30 A Look Back Medical Bulletin by e-mail instead of as a paper copy. Franz Halberg, M.D., reflects on chronobiology, the science he pioneered Medical School News PHOTO: SCOTT STREBLE Medical School makes leadership changes ark S. Paller, M.D., M.S., a physician and Dean Frank Cerra, M.D., and executive vice dean Mark S. Paller, leader in the University of Minnesota’s M.D., M.S., now lead the Medical School’s strategic direction and M daily operations, respectively. research efforts for the last 27 years, in July became executive vice dean of the As dean, Cerra will handle long-term Medical School Dean Emeritus University of Minnesota Medical School. strategic direction, foster strong external Deborah Powell, M.D., is now serving As the Academic Health Center’s relationships with clinical partners, and as AHC associate vice president for (AHC’s) assistant vice president for promote financial stability. As executive new models of medical education. The research since 1999, Paller has devel- vice dean, Paller will focus on the criti- position will allow her to continue her oped programs to encourage faculty cal day-to-day operations of the Medical work on the transformation of medical and associate deans to expand School, working with Cerra to implement education begun during her seven-year research productivity throughout the the school’s strategic plan. tenure as dean. health sciences. “I greatly value Mark’s ability to develop “Debbie Powell is a strong advocate The creation of the new executive simple, focused solutions to complex for, and national leader in, the need to vice dean position is part of an overall problems,” says Cerra. “Throughout our transform medical education for the restructuring plan within the AHC and tenure together at the University, I have next generation of physicians,” says Medical School. Also under that plan, always respected his keen insight and Cerra. “Her new role will be important Frank Cerra, M.D., senior vice president dedication to supporting the core missions to ensuring our Medical School’s for health sciences for the AHC, has of the Medical School and University.” success in that realm.” taken on the additional role of Medical Paller served as the University lead on A recognized national leader in School dean. the Minnesota Partnership for Biotech- medical education, Powell is chair-elect nology and Medical Genomics, a collab- of the Association of American Medical I have always respected oration between the state of Minnesota, Colleges Board of Directors. She is also the University, and Mayo Clinic. a member of the newly appointed Scien- Mark Paller’s keen insight and He retains his clinical role as a prac- tific Management Review Board for the dedication to supporting the ticing nephrologist, and as a professor National Institutes of Health and a of medicine in the Division of Renal member of the National Academy of core missions of the Medical Diseases and Hypertension, he regularly Science’s Institute of Medicine. M|B teaches medical students, residents, School and University. and fellows. – Frank Cerra, M.D., Medical School dean 2 MEDICAL BULLETIN FALL 2009 University hospitals rank among nation’s best Risk of childhood cancer increases slightly with U.S. News & World Report has once again named University mother’s age, study finds of Minnesota Amplatz Chil- dren’s Hospital and University A baby born to an older mother may face of Minnesota Medical Center, an increased risk for some cancers that Fairview among the country’s occur during childhood, according to best hospitals. research from the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota University of Minnesota. Amplatz Children’s Hospital “We saw that the risk of 7 of the 10 ranked 20th in treatment most common childhood cancers increased for cancer, 26th for kidney slightly, about 7 to 10 percent, with every The University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview 5-year increase in maternal age,” says Logan disorders, and 29th for diabetes and University of Minnesota Amplatz Children’s Spector, Ph.D., an assistant professor of and endocrine disorders. Hospital are home to some of the country’s leading University of Minnesota medical treatment programs. pediatrics and a cancer epidemiologist, who Medical Center, Fairview was led the research along with postdoctoral fel- ranked in the top 50 in eight areas this year. It was 22nd in treatment for kidney low Kimberly Johnson, Ph.D. disorders; 29th for digestive disorders; 29th for ear, nose, and throat; 34th for Currently about 1 in 435 children under cancer; 34th for diabetes and endocrine disorders; 42nd for urology; 48th for age 15 in the United States gets cancer, gynecology; and 48th for respiratory disorders. according to the study. The cancers that The report names the top 50 hospitals for adults in 16 medical specialties most commonly affect children include based on reputation, outcomes, and other care-related factors such as advanced leukemia, lymphoma, central nervous system technologies and affiliation with a medical school. It names the top 30 children’s tumor, neuroblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, bone hospitals in 10 specialties. M|B cancer, and soft tissue sarcoma. Spector and Johnson note that although the absolute risk that children of older moth- U researchers get $8.4 million grant to study ers will get cancer is still low, more research deadly lung disease needs to be done on why the risk of childhood cancer increases with advancing maternal Researchers at the Medical School’s Center for Lung Science and Health received age. Some of the possible explanations could an $8.4 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of be age-related changes in hormone levels the National Institutes of Health to study a deadly chronic lung disease called during pregnancy and alterations in DNA idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF. markings in eggs that can be transmitted IPF affects one out of every 10,000 people in the United States. Without a to the offspring. lung transplant, patients have a typical life expectancy of only three to five years The researchers also noted that the after diagnosis. father’s age did not seem to matter once The new grant will allow University researchers to analyze the mechanisms the mother’s age was taken into account. behind this fatal disease. The results were published in the July The project’s principal investigator, Craig Henke, M.D., a professor of medicine 2009 issue of the journal Epidemiology. M|B in the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, recently published related findings in the Journal of Experimental Medicine. He found that a specific defect in cells known as fibroblasts, which can cause scarring of the lung tissue, is involved in the development of IPF. Searching for new IPF treatments or a possible cure, Henke and a team of researchers from several University of Minnesota departments, as well as pathology researchers at the University of Michigan, are now investigating how fibroblasts develop. M|B MEDICAL BULLETIN FALL 2009 3 UMPhysicians appoints new CEO BOBBI DANIELS, M.D., chief medical which includes University of Minnesota officer for University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview and University Physicians since 2003, has been named of Minnesota Amplatz Children’s Hospi- chief executive officer of the group tal, on strategic, long-range planning, practice following a national search.