A Powerful Force U Researchers Push the Limits of Medicine’S Strongest Magnets

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL A PUBLICATION OF THE MINNESOTA MEDICAL FOUNDATION MEDICAL THE MINNESOTA OF A PUBLICATION A powerful force U researchers push the limits of medicine’s strongest magnets WINTER 2009 Invention thrives where medicine and engineering intersect Dynamic duo combats health disparities Public health leader puts environmental toxins on his hit list WINTER 2009 Contents DEAR FRIENDS, Medical advances don’t happen state-of-the-art imaging technology, in tidy compartments like special- and the CMRR, in turn, can benefit ties or academic divisions. They from their expertise. cross boundaries, occurring, for Collaboration also is fueling inven- example, where physicists connect tion in the Institute for Engineering with oncologists, neurologists, in Medicine (IEM), established in and engineers. 2007 by the Medical School and the At the University’s Center for Mag- Institute of Technology. As you’ll netic Resonance Research (CMRR), read in our story on page 8, the IEM’s recognized as one of the world’s best 118 faculty members represent more imaging labs, scientists are making than 30 academic disciplines. important discoveries in diseases as Meanwhile, medical students diverse as diabetes, breast cancer, Suzanne Garber and Ngozika Okoye, ataxia, and schizophrenia. And, led profiled on page 14, are working to by Kamil Ugurbil, Ph.D., a chemical eliminate boundaries that result in physicist and professor in the Depart- 2 8 14 lower medical standards for people ments of Radiology, Neuroscience, of color and underserved communi- and Medicine, they’re expanding the ties. As copresidents of our Student boundaries of imaging science itself National Medical Association chapter, (see our cover story). they are building alliances that benefit DEPARTMENTS Now undergoing a major expansion our patients and communities. Features in the University’s emerging Bio- Medical School News In today’s economic climate, 18 medical Discovery District, the 2 A POWERFUL FORCE such collaboration is more crucial CMRR will be obtaining a 16.4 Tesla The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, soon to house the world’s 2 3 Alumni Connections than ever, and you will find it at the magnet, the world’s strongest. And strongest magnet, is pushing the technology’s limits heart of our Medical School’s 2 4 Alumni Spotlight: it will be linked to neighboring labs success stories. Creating a healthier in such fields as neuroscience, 8 BODY MECHANICS world for children cardiovascular medicine, and stem Deborah E. Powell, M.D. Biomedical invention thrives at the University’s Institute for Engineering cell research so scientists in those Dean, University of Minnesota Medical School in Medicine, where scientists are fi nding better ways to tune up the 30 A Look Back: MMF turns 70 areas have easy access to the McKnight Presidential Leadership Chair ultimate machine ON THE WEB 14 ‘COMPLEMENTARY’ MEDICINE A yin-yang dynamic makes the University’s Student National Medical Find Web-exclusive content Association copresidents more effective as they combat health disparities in the online version of the The mission of the Minnesota Medical Foundation is to improve the quality of life for Medical Bulletin. Go to: the people of Minnesota, the nation, and the world by supporting the advancement www.mmf.umn.edu/bulletin. of health-related education, research, and service at the University of Minnesota. ON THE COVER RESOLVING TO GO GREEN THIS YEAR? E-mail us at [email protected] to receive the Photo of Center for Magnetic Medical Bulletin by e-mail instead of as a paper copy. Resonance Research director Kamil Ugurbil, Ph.D., by Tim Rummelhoff A powerful force The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, soon to house the world’s strongest magnet, is pushing the technology’s limits ome scientists make strides in biomedical research by acquiring state-of-the-art S equipment and then using it to answer questions about living systems. “Good research can be done in that fashion,” says Kamil Ugurbil, Ph.D., director of the University of Minnesota’s Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR). But Ugurbil takes a different approach. A chemical physicist by training, he has always veered away from using new machines straight out of the box. Instead, he likes to develop novel technologies and pushes them beyond what anyone ever imagined they could do. Even at points when other experts in the field believed magnetic resonance tools had reached their limits, Ugurbil and his colleagues have persisted, extending the capabilities of the magnets and finding new applications for them. He puts it this way: “We’re excited when we can get information that is beyond the bread and butter of the technology.” That desire to test the untapped potential of new high-field magnets has placed the CMRR among world leaders in imaging. It’s also stretched every parameter of the discipline. Today the burgeoning center, which Ugurbil has led since 1991, has 21 faculty members and six high-field magnets, with an additional “ultra-high-field” magnet on the way. As the latest construction project in the University’s developing research park, called the Biomedical Discovery District, the CMRR building is undergoing a renovation and large-scale expansion expected to be completed by fall 2010. A $53 million budget, provided in part by the state, will add approximately 65,000 square feet for new research and clinical studies. 2 MEDICAL BULLETIN WINTER 2009 M EDICAL BULLETIN WINTER 2009 3 The expanded building will house a magnet with a bore capable of holding Acquiring that magnet involved a leap ELHOFF new magnet that will be the highest small animals. Ugurbil’s group began of faith, Ugurbil acknowledges today. MM RU field ever attained for human studies. to think about studying intact living Even industry members had aban- M (The magnets are referred to by the organisms with the high-field magnet. doned the idea of developing a 4 Tesla O: TI T PHO strength of their magnetic fields; magnet to study humans; the images it “We had the basis to believe we could typical magnetic resonance imaging produced were less clear than a stan- succeed in that area,” Ugurbil says. The [MRI] machines used for hospital dard magnetic resonance image. But magnet was so new that the group had diagnoses have a 1.5 Tesla magnet.) Ugurbil believed the magnet’s higher to develop its own software applications And an astounding 16.4 Tesla magnet sensitivity offered an opportunity to to use it. But as they succeeded in currently being installed in the reno- map brain activity, and his group attaining useful images of rat organs, vated section of the building will be developed strategies to address some they became intrigued by a bigger the largest magnet in the country; the of the confounding factors. challenge: applying the technology only other one of its kind is in Europe. to humans. He and his team forged ahead with These technologies are so new that plans to use the magnet to study even Ugurbil isn’t certain what they’ll It turns out that humans are compli- increased oxygenation in areas of the be capable of revealing, although his cated subjects for MR studies. Both brain. In collaboration with Bell Labo- ELHOFF team’s track record with new tools building the high-field magnet to ratories, they mapped active neuronal UMM suggests that remarkable discoveries R accommodate a person and creating M I regions of the brain in living subjects, T Brain scans performed by cancer researcher are on the horizon. an image as the magnetic fields Michael Garwood, Ph.D., in the late 1980s a technique known as functional increase become more difficult. In the PHOTO: showed the advantage of high-resolution A paradigm shift imaging or fMRI. At the same time, late 1980s, no groups anywhere were 4 Tesla images over 1 or 1.5 Tesla, then Garwood demonstrated that, contrary Center for Magnetic Resonance Research director Kamil Ugurbil, Ph.D., develops novel imaging The changing geographic location of having success with increased field thought to be the optimal magnetic field technologies and pushes the boundaries of what they can do. magnetic resonance (MR) research on to expectations at the time, it was for research and clinical use. strength for human imaging. the University campus tells the story feasible to obtain beautiful anatomical images of the human brain at 4 Tesla. about the rising promise and promi- “It was accepted at the time that 1 to The 7 Tesla magnet the group acquired For University 1.5 [Tesla] would be the optimal mag- nence of Ugurbil’s group. When Ugurbil “The very first experiments we did on in 1999 was the world’s first of its kind netic field for doing MR research and researchers from a arrived at the University of Minnesota the 4 Tesla were great successes,” developed for human studies. A recent- for clinical diagnoses,” says Michael in 1978 after working at Bell Laboratories recalls Ugurbil. They offered a para- ly acquired 9.4 Tesla brain imaging variety of disciplines, and then at Columbia University, his Garwood, Ph.D., associate director of system — another world first — is now digm shift in how MR could be used. the collection of lab was housed with the Gray Fresh- the CMRR, who was then a postdoc in place as well. water Biological Institute, located at the University. At the time, along with the 4 Tesla magnets and the machine, the group had two magnets Focused on the brain on the St. Paul campus, far from the Higher and higher University’s medical center. (The insti- for in vivo animal studies and continued For University researchers from a in-house expertise But keen on improving the magnets’ tute is no longer part of the University.) to advance MR spectroscopy.

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