DOCSLIB.ORG

Progress and Prospects for the Use of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes to Inhibit Disease Transmission

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Progress and Prospects for the Use of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes to Inhibit Disease Transmission Progress and prospects for the use of genetically modified mosquitoes to inhibit disease transmission World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 4-6 May 2009 Report on planning meeting 1 Technical consultation on current status and planning for future development of genetically modified mosquitoes for malaria and dengue control For research on diseases of poverty UNICEF • UNDP • World Bank • WHO Progress and prospects for the use of genetically modified mosquitoes to inhibit disease transmission World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 4-6 May 2009 Report on planning meeting 1 Technical consultation on current status and planning for future development of genetically modified mosquitoes for malaria and dengue control For research on diseases of poverty UNICEF • UNDP • World Bank • WHO WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: Progress and prospects for the use of genetically modified mos- quitoes to inhibit disease transmission. 1.Animals, Genetically modified. 2.Mosquito control - methods. 3.Insect vectors - genetics. 4.Dengue - prevention and control. 5.Malaria - prevention and control. I.World Health Organiza- tion. II.UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. III.Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (U.S.). ISBN 978 92 4 159923 8 (NLM classification: QX 600) Copyright © World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases 2010 All rights reserved. The use of content from this health information product for all non-commercial education, training and information purposes is encouraged, including translation, quotation and reproduction, in any medium, but the content must not be changed and full acknowledgement of the source must be clearly stated. A copy of any resulting product with such content should be sent to TDR, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. TDR is a World Health Organization (WHO) executed UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. This information product is not for sale. The use of any informa- tion or content whatsoever from it for publicity or advertising, or for any commercial or income-generating purpose, is strictly prohibited. No elements of this information product, in part or in whole, may be used to promote any specific individual, entity or product, in any manner whatsoever. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this health information product, including maps and other illustrative materials, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO, including TDR, the authors or any parties cooperating in the production, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of frontiers and borders. Mention or depiction of any specific product or commercial enterprise does not imply endorsement or recommendation by WHO, including TDR, the authors or any parties cooperating in the production, in preference to others of a similar nature not mentioned ordepicted. The views expressed in this health information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of WHO, in- cluding TDR. WHO, including TDR, and the authors of this health information product make no warranties or representations re- garding the content, presentation, appearance, completeness or accuracy in any medium and shall not be held liable for any dam- ages whatsoever as a result of its use or application. WHO, includ- Edited by Vallaurie L Crawford and Julie N Reza. ing TDR, reserves the right to make updates and changes without Prepared by Anthony A James, John D Mumford, notice and accepts no liability for any errors or omissions in this Stephanie L James and Yeya T Touré on behalf of the regard. Any alteration to the original content brought about by technical consultation working group. display or access through different media is not the responsibil- ity of WHO, including TDR, or the authors. WHO, including TDR, Design and layout by Philippe Casse and Lisa Schwarb and the authors accept no responsibility whatsoever for any inac- Cover picture: WHO/TDR/Stammers curate advice or information that is provided by sources reached via linkages or references to this health information product. Printed in Switzerland PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF genetically MODIFIED MOSQUITOES 3 Contents Glossary ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Executive summary............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2 Process ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Past progress of consultation and discussion 2.2 Present WHO/TDR/FNIH consultation and projects 2.3 Meeting objectives and expected outcomes 3 Current status.............................................................................................................................................................................................10 4 Issues, challenges and additional needs .....................................................................................................................11 5 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................................................14 6 Next steps .......................................................................................................................................................................................................15 7 References ......................................................................................................................................................................................................16 8 Working papers .........................................................................................................................................................................................17 8.1 Population suppression strategies for dengue virus vector control (Aedes), Luke Alphey ....................18 8.2 Conventional sterile insect technique against Anopheles arabiensis, Mark Q Benedict ........................22 8.3 Using inherited Wolbachia endosymbionts as a biological control approach to eliminate dengue transmission, Scott O’Neill ...........................................................................................................................................24 8.4 Using bacteria to contain the spread of malaria, Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena .......................................................26 8.5 Population replacement strategies for dengue virus vector control (Aedes), Anthony A James ........28 8.6 Update on genetic approaches to population suppression and gene drive in Anopheles, Austin Burt & Andrea Crisanti .......................................................................................................................................................32 8.7 Collaboration and communication strategies between researchers and potential user communities, Janine M Ramsey Willoquet................................................................................................................34 8.8 Potential areas of collaboration and communication strategies between researchers and potential GMO vector user communities, James Ochanda ..............................................................................37 8.9 Formulating an ecological risk assessment, David A Andow ....................................................................................40 8.10 A precedent for genetic engineering ; the environmental impact statement on transgenic fruit flies and cotton pink bollworm, Robert I Rose .......................................................................42 8.11 Malaysia’s regulatory experiences with regard to GM mosquitoes, Vilasini Pillai ......................................45 8.12 Thoughts on relationships with host communities for caged and open field release trials, James Lavery ...........................................................................................................................................................................................46 8.13 The importance of social research for public engagement in bio-control releases : The case of the Eliminate Dengue project, Darlene McNaughton ........................................................................48 8.14 Introduction to the ethical, legal and social implications for the potential use of the genetically modified mosquitoes, Samba Diop ..................................................................................................50 8.15 Introduction to development of internationally acceptable guidance principles for testing and deployment of GM mosquitoes,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Draft of an Epidemic: How Key Media Players Framed Zika
    Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper University of Oxford First draft of an epidemic: how key media players framed Zika by Maria Cleidejane Esperidião Hilary Term, 2018 Sponsor: Thomson Reuters Foundation 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………… …4 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………5 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………6. Chapter One: Covering Epidemics……………………………………………….9 1.1 Understanding a framework……………………………………………….9 1.2 Fear, risk and threat………………………………………………………..12. Chapter Two: Zika: Examining national and global context………………. 15 2.1 Zika Virus: links to microcephaly and other neurological disorders..15 2.2 Science in transition………………………………………………..………16. 2.3 Brazil and the world in transition……………………………………..…18 Chapter Three: Framing Zika…………………………………………………....25. 3.1 Methodology and theoretical framework……………………………… 25. 3.2 How did we collected the data?..................................................................27. 3.3 Findings: from global threat to regional disaster………………………29 3.3.1 The case of Al-Jazeera………………………………………………….29 3.3.2 The case of BBC…………………………………………………………33 3.3.3 The case of CNN………………………………………………………..40 Conclusions, Limitations and Recommendations…………………………… 51 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….54 Appendixes………………………………………………………………………...58 2 I suppose, in the end, we journalists try—or should try—to be the first impartial witnesses to history. If we have any reason for our existence, the least must be our ability to report history as it happens so that no one can say: “We
    [Show full text]
  • Ninth Meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group
    MEETING REPORT 12-14 November 2018 Ninth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group MEETING REPORT 12-14 November 2018 Ninth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group WHO/CDS/VCAG/2018.05 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or ervics es. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Ninth meeting of the WHO Vector Control Advisory Group. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/CDS/VCAG/2018.05). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.
    [Show full text]
  • Aedes Aegypti (Yellow Fever Mosquito) Fact Sheet
    STATE OF CALIFORNIA-HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY California Department of Public Health Division of Communicable Disease Control Aedes aegypti (Yellow Fever Mosquito) Fact Sheet What is the Aedes aegypti mosquito? Aedes aegypti, also known as the “yellow fever mosquito”, is an invasive mosquito; it is not native to California. This black and white striped mosquito bites people and animals during the day. Why are we concerned about the Aedes aegypti mosquito in California? This mosquito is an aggressive day biting mosquito and has the potential to transmit several viruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. However, none of these viruses are currently known to be transmitted within California. The eggs of Aedes aegypti have the ability to survive being dry for long periods of time which allows eggs to be easily spread to new locations. Where do Aedes aegypti mosquitoes lay their eggs? Female mosquitoes lay their eggs in small artificial or natural containers that hold water. Containers can include dishes under potted plants, bird baths, ornamental fountains, tin cans, or discarded tires. Even a small amount of standing water can produce mosquitoes. What is the life cycle of the Aedes aegypti mosquito? About three days after feeding on blood, the female lays her eggs inside a container just above the water line. Eggs are laid over a period of several days, are resistant to drying, and can survive for periods of six or more months. When the container is refilled with water, the eggs hatch into larvae. The entire life cycle (i.e., from egg to adult) can occur in as little as 7-8 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus Surveillance and Insecticide Resistance Testing in the United States
    Guidelines for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Surveillance and Insecticide Resistance Testing in the United States Version 2, 11/9/16 Table of Contents Intended Audience ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Part 1: Guidelines for Conducting Surveillance and for Reporting Presence, Absence, and Relative Abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus ...................................................................................... 1 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Surveillance Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 2 CDC Surveillance Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 2 Reporting to CDC ......................................................................................................................................... 4 CDC Use of Reported Data ......................................................................................................................... 4 References ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Part 2: Insecticide Resistance Testing for Known Mosquito Vectors of Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Educator Materials
    Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Scientists at Work Educator Materials OVERVIEW This document provides background information, discussion questions, and responses that complement the short video “Genetically Modified Mosquitoes” from the Scientists at Work series. The Scientists at Work series is intended to provide insights into the daily work of scientists that builds toward discoveries. The series focuses especially on scientists in the field and what motivates their work. This 8-minute 35-second video is appropriate for any life science student audience. It can be used as a review of the nature of science or to enhance a discussion on transgenic technology. Classroom implementation of the material in this document might include assigning select discussion questions to small groups of students or selecting the top five questions to discuss as a class. KEY CONCEPTS • Researchers genetically modified mosquitoes to help prevent the spread of a virus. • Male GM mosquitoes pass on a lethality gene to the offspring when they mate with non-GM females in the wild. CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS Standards Curriculum Connection NGSS (2013) HS-LS1.A, HS-LS3.A AP Bio (2015) 3.A.1 IB Bio (2016) 3.1, 3.5 Vision and Change (2009) CC1, CC2, CC3 PRIOR KNOWLEDGE Students should • be familiar with the idea that genes code for proteins and that genetic information can be passed to offspring. • have some understanding of transgenic technology and what it means for an organism to be genetically modified. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Mosquitoes can transmit pathogens that cause many human diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever.
    [Show full text]
  • American Mosquito Control Association January 2017
    BEST PRACTICES FOR INTEGRATED MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT: A FOCUSED UPDATE American Mosquito Control Association January 2017 AMCA – BEST PRACTICES FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL 2017: A FOCUSED UPDATE STEERING COMMITTEE Christopher M. Barker, PhD Kenn K. Fujioka, PhD Associate Professor District Manager School of Veterinary Medicine San Gabriel Valley Mosquito and Vector University of California, Davis Control District Davis, California West Covina, California Charles E. Collins, Jr., MS, MBA Christopher R. Lesser Executive Vice President, Market Access Manatee County Mosquito Control District ACTIVATE Palmetto, Florida Parsippany, New Jersey Sarah R. Michaels, MSPH, PhD candidate Joseph M. Conlon Entomologist Technical Advisor New Orleans Mosquito Control Board American Mosquito Control Association New Orleans, Louisiana Mount Laurel, New Jersey Bill Schankel, CAE C. Roxanne Connelly, PhD Executive Director Professor American Mosquito Control Association University of Florida Mount Laurel, New Jersey Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory Vero Beach, Florida Kirk Smith, PhD Laboratory Supervisor Mustapha Debboun, PhD, BCE Vector Control Division Director Maricopa County Environmental Services Department Mosquito & Vector Control Division Phoenix, Arizona Harris County Public Health Houston, Texas Isik Unlu, PhD Adjunct Professor Eileen Dormuth, MEd, PHR Center for Vector Biology Director of Instructional Design Rutgers University ACTIVATE New Brunswick, New Jersey Parsippany, New Jersey Superintendent Ary Faraji, PhD Mercer County Mosquito Control Manager
    [Show full text]
  • Aedes Aegypti Distribution by State 3
    Vector Hazard Report: Pictorial Guide to CONUS Zika Virus Vectors Information gathered from products of The Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU) VectorMap Systematic Catalogue of the Culicidae 1 Table of Contents 1. Notes on the biology of Zika virus vectors 2. Aedes aegypti Distribution by State 3. Aedes albopictus Distribution by State 4. Overview of Mosquito Body Parts 5. General Information: Aedes aegypti 6. General Information : Aedes albopictus 7. Taxonomic Keys 8. References 2 Aedes aegypti Distribution by State Collections Reported 3 Aedes albopictus Distribution by State Collections Reported 4 Notes on the Biology of Zika Virus Vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the major vectors of dengue, chikungunya & Zika viruses, are originally of African and Asian origin, respectively. The spread of these two species around the world in the past 50 years is well documented and facilitated by a unique life trait: their eggs can survive desiccation. This trait allows eggs laid by these species to travel undetected in receptacles like used tires, or lucky bamboo plants, which are distributed throughout the world. When these receptacles are wetted (e.g. by rain), the larva emerge and grow to adults in their new environment. In temperate or tropical environments conditions are highly suitable for populations to quickly become established, as these mosquitoes have done in Brazil and nearly every other country in North, Central and South America. Compounding this problem is that these mosquito species are capable of ovarian viral transmission – meaning that if the mother is infected with a virus, she can pass it on to her offspring through her eggs.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveillance and Control of Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus in the United States
    Surveillance and Control of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the United States Table of Contents Intended Audience ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Specimen Collection and Types of Traps ................................................................................................... 6 Mosquito-based Surveillance Indicators ..................................................................................................... 8 Handling of Field-collected Adult Mosquitoes ............................................................................................. 9 Limitations to Mosquito-based Surveillance .............................................................................................. 10 Vector Control .......................................................................................................................................... 10 References ............................................................................................................................................... 12 Intended Audience Vector control professionals Objectives The primary objective of this document is to provide guidance for Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus surveillance and control in response to the risk of introduction of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses in the United States and its territories. This document is intended for state and local public health officials and vector control specialists. Female
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment for Investigational Use of Aedes Aegypti OX513A
    Environmental Assessment for Investigational Use of Aedes aegypti OX513A In support of a proposed field trial of genetically engineered (GE) male Ae. aegypti mosquitoes of the line OX513A in Key Haven, Monroe County, Florida under an investigational new animal drug exemption August 5, 2016 Prepared by Center for Veterinary Medicine United States Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services 1 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. 2 2 List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ 8 3 List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... 9 4 List of acronyms, abbreviations, and technical terms ........................................................................ 10 5 List of definitions ................................................................................................................................. 14 6 List of appendices ............................................................................................................................... 15 7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 16 8 Purpose and Need ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Oxitec's Genetically Modified Mosquitoes: Ongoing Concerns
    Oxitec’s Genetically Modified Mosquitoes: Ongoing Concerns August 2012 UK biotech company Oxitec has released millions of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes in Brazil, following smaller experiments in the Cayman Islands and Malaysia. Further experiments are planned in Brazil on an even larger scale. The company also hopes to conduct experimental releases in Panama, the USA (Florida Keys), India, Sri Lanka and perhaps other countries. Oxitec’s patented technique for genetically modifying insects is known as RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal genetic system). 1 All the company’s open field experiments to date involve its OX513A strain of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is genetically engineered to contain a red fluorescent marker and the RIDL ‘conditional lethality’ trait. Oxitec’s male OX513A GM mosquitoes are intended to mate with wild females and produce offspring which die as larvae. Releases of large numbers of GM males, vastly outnumbering the wild male mosquito population, are intended to reduce the total adult population of mosquitoes over time, as many of the GM offspring fail to survive to adulthood. The GM mosquitoes released in the experiments are Yellow Fever mosquitoes ( Aedes aegypti ) which transmit the tropical disease dengue fever. No risk assessment was published for public scrutiny or consultation prior to releases of GM mosquitoes in the Cayman Islands or Brazil. In Malaysia only a summary was published. GeneWatch has obtained copies of the risk assessments in the UK because they must be provided by Oxitec when exporting GM mosquito eggs for open release for the first time to a given country.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes: a Vector Control Technology for Reducing Virus Transmission
    Updated September 8, 2020 Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes: A Vector Control Technology for Reducing Virus Transmission Background As much as 7% of Americans live in areas where the cold In February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) might not kill off the mosquito in the winter, leaving them declared Zika virus a “public health emergency of vulnerable year round. international concern.” WHO defines such a public health emergency (1) to constitute a public health risk to other No vaccine exists for Zika, although the U.S. Food and states through the international spread of disease and (2) to Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several potentially require a coordinated international response. diagnostic tests for detecting Zika virus antibodies. This definition implies a situation that is serious, unusual, Mosquito control and bite prevention are the first lines of or unexpected; carries implications for public health beyond defense. Conventional control methods such as truck and the affected state’s national border; and may require aerial spraying are only moderately effective (30%-50%) in immediate international action. reducing mosquito populations, in part owing to the resistance the mosquitoes have developed to common While only about one out of five persons infected with Zika insecticides and to the limited area in which Aedes aegypti virus exhibit even the common symptoms of mild fever, mosquitoes circulate (100-200 yards from where the larvae rash, and joint pain, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control emerge). Aedes aegypti mosquitoes also tend to favor house and Prevention (CDC) confirmed that Zika-infected interiors where spraying/fogging is not practical.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosophila Melanogaster As a Model Host to Study Arbovirus–Vector Interaction
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.282350; this version posted September 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Drosophila melanogaster as a model host to study arbovirus–vector 2 interaction 3 4 Mandar S. Paingankar1,2, Mangesh D. Gokhale3, Deepti D. Deobagkar 1,4 and Dileep N. 5 Deobagkar1* 6 7 1. Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of 8 Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India, 411007. 9 2. Department of Zoology, Government Science College, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, 10 Maharashtra, India, 442605. 11 3. Department of Medical Entomology and Zoology, National Institute of Virology, Pune, 12 India. 13 4. ISRO Research Chair Professor, ISRO Space Technology cell, Savitribai Phule Pune 14 University, Pune, India, 411007. 15 16 *For correspondence [email protected] 17 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.282350; this version posted September 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 18 ABSTRACT 19 Arboviruses cause the most devastating diseases in humans and animals worldwide. Several 20 hundred arbovirus are transmitted by mosquitoes, sand flies or ticks and are responsible for more 21 than million deaths annually.
    [Show full text]