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Why Youtube Buffers: the Secret Deals That Make—And Break—Online Video When Isps and Video Providers Fight Over Money, Internet Users Suffer
Why YouTube buffers: The secret deals that make—and break—online video When ISPs and video providers fight over money, Internet users suffer. Lee Hutchinson has a problem. My fellow Ars writer is a man who loves to watch YouTube videos— mostly space rocket launches and gun demonstrations, I assume—but he never knows when his home Internet service will let him do so. "For at least the past year, I've suffered from ridiculously awful YouTube speeds," Hutchinson tells me. "Ads load quickly—there's never anything wrong with the ads!—but during peak times, HD videos have been almost universally unwatchable. I've found myself having to reduce the quality down to 480p and sometimes even down to 240p to watch things without buffering. More recently, videos would start to play and buffer without issue, then simply stop buffering at some point between a third and two-thirds in. When the playhead hit the end of the buffer—which might be at 1:30 of a six-minute video—the video would hang for several seconds, then simply end. The video's total time would change from six minutes to 1:30 minutes and I'd be presented with the standard 'related videos' view that you see when a video is over." Hutchinson, a Houston resident who pays Comcast for 16Mbps business-class cable, is far from alone. As one Ars reader recently complained, "YouTube is almost unusable on my [Verizon] FiOS connection during peak hours." Another reader responded, "To be fair, it's unusable with almost any ISP." Hutchinson's YouTube playback has actually gotten better in recent weeks. -
First Wave of Funding Through Second E-Rate Application Window Announced
Media Contact: Anne Veigle, (202) 418-2156 [email protected] For Immediate Release FIRST WAVE OF FUNDING THROUGH SECOND E-RATE APPLICATION WINDOW ANNOUNCED 291 Schools in 32 States and Puerto Rico to Receive Funding to Support 220,584 Students with Additional On-Campus Bandwidth Needs Due to COVID-19 -- WASHINGTON, October 13, 2020—The Federal Communications Commission today announced that $1,366,378 in E-Rate funding for 291 schools serving 220,584 students in 32 states and Puerto Rico has been committed so far during the Commission’s second application window for funding year 2020. The FCC announced the opening of the second E-Rate application window on September 16, 2020, recognizing that schools across the United States are facing an increased demand for connectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The E-Rate program, which is part of the Universal Service Fund, provides discounts to schools and libraries for broadband services. “The enthusiastic response to this second opportunity to apply for funding speaks to the tremendous demand schools across the country are facing as teachers and students adapt to challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic,” said FCC Chairman Ajit Pai. “I’m pleased funds are being distributed to help schools meet this demand all across America and that we can help more students connect with their schools during the pandemic.” During the second filing window, schools can purchase additional bandwidth for this academic year to address needs resulting from the increasing shift to 1:1 student-to-device ratios in classrooms, live streaming of classroom instruction to students at home, and expanding use of cloud-based educational tools and platforms—all of which can significantly increase on- campus bandwidth requirements. -
4. the Universal Service Fund Must Remain Competitively Neutral and Must Not Be Used to Subsidize Rural Ilecs' "Stranded Costs"
While universal service policy should avoid impeding investment in advanced services, ultimately consumer demand, not regulatory fiat, must be the main impetus behind investment in technologically advanced services in rural areas. And in the meantime, the Commission should take care to avoid sending a mixed message about its established ETC designation criteria. 4. The Universal Service Fund Must Remain Competitively Neutral and Must Not Be Used to Subsidize Rural ILECs' "Stranded Costs" The RTF properly recommends adhering to the current Commission policy that "[u]nder any circumstances ..., ILECs and CETCs serving the same area would receive the same amount of support per loop." 44/ Some ILECs, however, also seek compensation from the high-cost fund for so-called "stranded investment." 45/ But the RTF did "not reach agreement on the 'stranded cost' issue." 46/ Assuming that a revenue flow from the high-cost fund for "stranded costs" would not be portable to competitive ETCs, it would not be competitively 44/ RTF Recommendation at 27-29; Accord Comments of the California Public Utilities Commission ("California PUC") at 4-5; Joint Comments of the New York Department of Public Service, Connecticut Department of Public Utility Control, Illinois Commerce Commission and Maryland Public Service Commission (New York et ai.") at 2-4; Joint Comments of the Maine Public Utilities Commission, Vermont Department of Public Service and Vermont Public Service Board ("Maine and Vermont") at 1-2; National Ass'n of State Utility Consumer Advocates ("NASUCA") at 3. 45/ See, e.g., Bristol Bay Tel. Coop. et. al at 2-3; Iowa Telecom. Services, Inc. -
Informe Anual 99
annual report 1999 annual report I 1999 teléfonos de méxico teléfonos de méxico www.telmex.com.mx Index Shareholder Information Highlights 1 Headquarters Shares Traded in the U.S. total revenues (millions of pesos) Parque Vía 190 ADS : New York Stock Exchange Colonia Cuauhtémoc Symbol: TMX Letter to Our Shareholders 2 México, D.F. One ADS represents 20 “L” shares 96,321 C.P. 06599 Operating Results 4 ADR : NASDAQ 87,880 Investor Relations Symbol: TFONY Parque Vía 198, Oficina 701 One ADR represents one “A” share 82,182 Comments on the Operating Results 81,759 80,898 Colonia Cuauhtémoc and the Financial Position 13 México, D.F. Transfer and Depository Agent in the U.S. 95 96 97 98 99 C.P. 06599 JP Morgan Consolidated Financial Statements 17 Tel. 52(5) 703 3990 / 52(5) 222 5462 Morgan Guaranty Trust Company Fax: 52(5) 545 5550 60 Wall Street E-Mail: [email protected] New York, NY 10260-0060 Proposal to the Meeting 36 Tel. 1 (212) 648 6801 EBITDA (millions of pesos) Shareholder Services Fax: 1 (212) 648 5104 Significant Results of Accounting Tel. 52(5) 222 1126 / 52(5) 222 5534 / Separation of Local and Long-Distance 52(5) 222 6159 Independent Auditors 53,690 51,045 Fax: 52(5) 254 5955 Mancera, S.C. Ernst&Young Telephone Services 37 43,801 45,244 44,770 E-Mail: [email protected] Board of Directors 38 Shares Traded in Mexico “A”: Bolsa Mexicana de Valores Symbol: TELMEX A Directory 40 95 96 97 98 99 “L” : Bolsa Mexicana de Valores Symbol: TELMEX L Annual Report | TELMEX Highlights (Figures in millions of pesos, unless otherwise indicated, with -
1 Respuestas Generales Que Proporciona El Instituto Federal De Telecomunicaciones a Las Manifestaciones, Opiniones, Comentarios
RESPUESTAS GENERALES QUE PROPORCIONA EL INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES A LAS MANIFESTACIONES, OPINIONES, COMENTARIOS Y PROPUESTAS PRESENTADAS DURANTE LA CONSULTA PÚBLICA DEL: “ACUERDO POR EL QUE EL PLENO DEL INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE TELECOMUNICACIONES EXPIDE LA DISPOSICIÓN TÉCNICA IFT-004-2015, INTERFAZ A REDES PÚBLICAS PARA EQUIPOS TERMINALES” El Pleno del Instituto mediante el acuerdo P/IFT/EXT/181115/160 de fecha 18 de noviembre de 2015, aprobó someter a consulta pública el “Anteproyecto de Acuerdo mediante el cual se expide la Disposición Técnica IFT-004-2015: Interfaz a Redes Públicas para Equipos Terminales.”, ello en cumplimiento con lo establecido en el artículo 51 de la Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones y Radiodifusión (en lo sucesivo, la “LFTR”); proceso de consulta que tuvo lugar del 19 de noviembre al 16 de diciembre de 2015 (20 días hábiles). Durante dicha consulta pública se recibieron comentarios de 2 personas físicas y de 3 personas morales: 1. Verónica Zamorano Reséndiz, 2. Jazziel Osorio, 3. Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. DE CV. (TELMEX), 4. Teléfonos Del Noroeste, S.A. DE CV. (TELNOR), 5. Telecomunicaciones de México (TELECOMM) Una vez concluido el plazo de consulta respectivo, se publicaron en el portal de Internet del Instituto todos y cada uno de los comentarios, opiniones y propuestas concretas recibidas respecto del Anteproyecto materia de dicha Consulta Pública. En el presente documento, el Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones da respuesta a todos y cada uno de esos comentarios. 1 TÍTULO TELECOMM comenta: La disposición técnica DICE “Interfaz a redes públicas para equipos terminales”, el cambio propuesto es que DEBA DECIR “Interfaz a redes públicas de voz y datos para equipos terminales alámbricos e inalámbricos”. -
AT&T Usadirect
AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide How USADirect® Works 02 Access Codes 03 Dialing Instructions 06 Language Assistance 08 Tips & Timesavers 09 Frequently Asked Questions 10 AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide How USADirect® Works AT&T USADirect® is ideal for frequent international travelers who want to save money on calls back to the U.S. while traveling abroad. Just sign up, and then use an AT&T USADirect access number to connect to the AT&T U.S. network. Once connected, you can call anywhere in the U.S. quickly, easily, and dependably. AT&T USADirect accepts the AT&T Corporate and Consumer Calling Cards, as well as AT&T PrePaid Phone Cards. You can also use your commercial credit cards from many countries, subject to availability. Payment terms are subject to your credit card agreement. If you're an AT&T long-distance customer, you have the option of billing calls to your AT&T residential long-distance account. To find out more or to sign up, call toll-free 1-800-731-8230 or 1-800-435-0812. 2 AT&T USADirect® Travel Guide Access Codes Albania 00-800-0010 Bulgaria 00-800-0010 Egypt Showing Countries American Samoa Cambodia 1-800-881-001 Cairo 2510-0200 Starting with 1-800-225-5288 Canada 1-800-CALL-ATT Outside Cairo 02-2510-0200 Al-Ho Cayman Islands Angola 808-000-011 1-800-225-5288 El Salvador 800-1785 Anguilla 1-800-225-5288 Estonia 800-12001 Legends: Antigua Fiji 004-890-1001 U.S. - United States MB - Miltary Bases #1 Chile Finland 0-800-11-0015 # - Pound Key Select Hotels 1-800-225-5288 Telmex 800-225-288 France SS - Service Suspended Argentina ENTEL 800-360-311 Hotels 1 0-800-99-1011 Telecom 0-800-555-4288 ENTEL {Spanish} 800-360-312 Hotels 2 0-800-99-1111 Note: Telefonica 0-800-222-1288 Telefonica 800-800-288 Hotels 3 0-800-99-1211 ^ indicates that you ALA {Spanish} 0-800-288-5288 Telmex 171-00-311 Hotels-Paris Only 0-800-99-0111 should wait for a second dial tone Telmex {Spanish} 171-00-312 France Telecom 0-800-99-0011 before dialing the next number. -
Federal Communications Commission FCC 12-11 Before the Federal
Federal Communications Commission FCC 12-11 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Lifeline and Link Up Reform and ) WC Docket No. 11-42 Modernization ) ) Lifeline and Link Up ) WC Docket No. 03-109 ) Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service ) CC Docket No. 96-45 ) Advancing Broadband Availability Through ) WC Docket No. 12-23 Digital Literacy Training ) ) REPORT AND ORDER AND FURTHER NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING Adopted: January 31, 2012 Released: February 6, 2012 Comment Date: (30 days after date of publication in the Federal Register) Reply Comment Date: (60 days after date of publication in the Federal Register) By the Commission: Chairman Genachowski issuing a statement; Commissioner Clyburn approving in part, concurring in part and issuing a statement; Commissioner McDowell approving in part, concurring in part, dissenting in part and issuing a statement. TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 II. BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................................... 5 III. PERFORMANCE GOALS AND MEASURES .................................................................................. 24 A. Ensure the Availability of Voice Service for Low-Income Americans ......................................... 27 B. Ensure the Availability of Broadband Service for Low-Income -
Of the Effectiveness of OAU (AU) Conventions on Preventing and Combating Terrorism Chinyere Christiana Okpala Golden Gate University School of Law, [email protected]
Golden Gate University School of Law GGU Law Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 8-2014 A Re-Assesment [sic] of the Effectiveness of OAU (AU) Conventions on Preventing and Combating Terrorism Chinyere Christiana Okpala Golden Gate University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/theses Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons Recommended Citation Okpala, Chinyere Christiana, "A Re-Assesment [sic] of the Effectiveness of OAU (AU) Conventions on Preventing and Combating Terrorism" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 58. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at GGU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of GGU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW A RE-ASSESMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OAU (AU) CONVENTIONS ON PREVENTING AND COMBATING TERRORISM. BY CHINYERE CHRISTIANA OKPALA. SUBMITTED TO THE GOLDEN GATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES, IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE CONFERMENT OF THE DEGREE OF SCIENT/A£ JURIDICAE DOCTOR (SJD) DISSERTATION COMMITTEE MEMBERS: DR. CHRISTIAN NW ACHUKWU OKEKE. (CHAIR) DR. BENEDETTA FAEDI DURAMY. DR. SOPHIER CLAVIER. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. AUGUST, 2014. DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my ever loving parents, Barrister Chris 0. Okpala (KSM; Chief Magistrate Emeritus) and Lady Theresa 0. Okpala. (LSM); AND My dearest husband, Engineer Peter Chukwudi Chukwuka. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. First and foremost, I am so grateful to God Almighty for everything He has done for me, especially for elevating me to this academic level. -
2020 ANNUAL REPORT MISSION Ensuring That All People in the United States Have Access to Quality, Affordable Connectivity Services
AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC USE 2020 ANNUAL REPORT MISSION Ensuring that all people in the United States have access to quality, affordable connectivity services. TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from Board Chair ....................................................... 1 2020 Year in Review .................................................................. 2 2021 Vision ................................................................................ 4 USF Programs and Disbursements ......................................... 5 Statement of Operations and Expense Trends ...................... 6 Combating Waste, Fraud, and Abuse ...................................... 7 2020 in Numbers....................................................................... 8 E-rate Program .......................................................................... 9 High Cost Program ................................................................ 11 Lifeline Program .....................................................................13 Rural Health Care Program ....................................................15 USAC Contractors Receiving Greater Than $1 Million .........17 Report of Independent Auditors ...........................................18 USAC Board of Directors ........................................................19 Quarterly Receipts and Outlays ............................................20 700 12th Street NW | Suite 900 | Washington, DC 20005 | www.usac.org Monthly Receipts and Outlays ..............................................21 The Universal Service -
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel
Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY 1 2 Pastoralism and Security in West Africa and the Sahel Towards Peaceful Coexistence UNOWAS STUDY August 2018 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations p.8 Chapter 3: THE REPUBLIC OF MALI p.39-48 Acknowledgements p.9 Introduction Foreword p.10 a. Pastoralism and transhumance UNOWAS Mandate p.11 Pastoral Transhumance Methodology and Unit of Analysis of the b. Challenges facing pastoralists Study p.11 A weak state with institutional constraints Executive Summary p.12 Reduced access to pasture and water Introductionp.19 c. Security challenges and the causes and Pastoralism and Transhumance p.21 drivers of conflict Rebellion, terrorism, and the Malian state Chapter 1: BURKINA FASO p.23-30 Communal violence and farmer-herder Introduction conflicts a. Pastoralism, transhumance and d. Conflict prevention and resolution migration Recommendations b. Challenges facing pastoralists Loss of pasture land and blockage of Chapter 4: THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF transhumance routes MAURITANIA p.49-57 Political (under-)representation and Introduction passivity a. Pastoralism and transhumance in Climate change and adaptation Mauritania Veterinary services b. Challenges facing pastoralists Education Water scarcity c. Security challenges and the causes and Shortages of pasture and animal feed in the drivers of conflict dry season Farmer-herder relations Challenges relating to cross-border Cattle rustling transhumance: The spread of terrorism to Burkina Faso Mauritania-Mali d. Conflict prevention and resolution Pastoralists and forest guards in Mali Recommendations Mauritania-Senegal c. Security challenges and the causes and Chapter 2: THE REPUBLIC OF GUINEA p.31- drivers of conflict 38 The terrorist threat Introduction Armed robbery a. -
Schools and Libraries (E-Rate) Program Overview TABLE of CONTENTS
Schools and Libraries (E-rate) Program Program Overview 1 Universal Service Administrative Company | Schools and Libraries (E-rate) Program Overview TABLE OF CONTENTS Program Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Set Up an Organization Account in the E-rate Productivity Center (EPC) .............................................. 3 Certify FCC Form 470 to Open Competitive Bidding for Desired Services .............................................. 4 Certify FCC Form 471 to Seek Funding for Eligible Services.................................................................... 5 Receive Funding Commitment Decision Letter (USAC’s Decision on Funding Requests) ..................... 5 Certify FCC Form 486 to Report the Delivery of Services ........................................................................ 6 Complete Invoicing (FCC Form 472 or FCC Form 474) to Request Reimbursement............................... 6 Appeals ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Retention of Records and Audits .............................................................................................................. 7 How to Get More Information .................................................................................................................. 7 E- rate Program Timetable and List of Deadlines.................................................................................... -
150 Chapter 1: the Peopling of Africa Chapter 2: Theories
Notes CHAPTER 1: THE PEOPLING OF AFRICA 1. For a first-hand account of investigations in the area, including assessment of the work of the Leakey family, see Johanson and Shreeve (1991). 2. Key works include Gutmann (1925, 1926, cf. also 1966), Smith (1927), Tempels (1959), Westermann (1937, 1949), and Young (1937, 1940). Very little of Gutmann’s work has been translated, but for an assessment in English see Winter (1979). For an assesment of Young see Forster (1989). 3. For overall assessments of Senghor see Hyams (1971) and Markovitz (1969). 4. Key works are Fanon (1967, 1964). For a brief overall assessment see Caute (1970). 5. Nyerere’s own thoughts are to be found in Nyerere (1966a, esp. 1–22 and 162–71). For a recent assessment see Legum and Mmari (1995). 6. Kaunda (1976) presents his own exposition of humanism. For comments see Meebelo (1973) and Ranganathan (1986). CHAPTER 2: THEORIES OF RACE AND ETHNICITY 1. For more detail concerning the Hindu notion of caste, see Chapter 5. 2. Such is what happened in 1979, when Tanzania invaded Uganda. It is true that this was provoked by illegal annexation by the Ugandan army of a part of northern Tanzania: but Tanzanian troops did more than recapture the territory, and proceeded into Uganda to spearhead the overthrow of Amin. CHAPTER 3: RACISM, RACIALISM AND SEGREGATION IN THE AFRICAN CONTEXT 1. For discussion of the historical situation in South Africa see Wilson and Thompson (1969); and Worden (1994). 2. Continuities in Afrikaner history are discussed in Patterson (1957). 3. The term ‘Bantu’ was used in South Africa to refer to South African Blacks, but was disliked by them.