REgulatorY AND MARKET ENVIRONMENT 2013 International Telecommunication Union R BE M Telecommunication Development Bureau E T EP Place des Nations S Universal Service Fund CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland AND DIGITAL www.itu.int INCLUSION FOR ALL Report FUND AND DIGITAL INCLUSION FOR ALL INCLUSION FOR AND DIGITAL FUND E IC V R E RSAL S Printed in Switzerland VE SEPTEMBER 2013 Geneva, 2013 09/2013 UNI Telecommunication Development Sector International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) Office of the Director Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland Email: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5035/5435 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Deputy to the Director and Infrastructure Enabling Innovation and Partnership Project Support and Knowledge Director，Administration and Environmnent and Department (IP) Management Department (PKM) Operations Coordination e-Applications Department (IEE) Department (DDR) Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5784 Tel.: +41 22 730 5421 Tel.: +41 22 730 5900 Tel.: +41 22 730 5447 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 Africa Ethiopia Cameroon Senegal Zimbabwe International Telecommunication Union internationale des Union internationale des International Telecommunication Union (ITU) télécommunications (UIT) télécommunications (UIT) Union (ITU) Regional Office Bureau de zone Bureau de zone Area Office P.O. 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Box 25 – Moscow 105120 Laksi, Bangkok 10210 – Thailand Jakarta 10001 – Indonesia Russian Federation Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel.: +202 3537 1777 Tel.: +66 2 575 0055 Tel.: +62 21 381 3572 Tel.: +7 495 926 6070 Fax: +202 3537 1888 Fax: +66 2 575 3507 Tel.: +62 21 380 2322 Fax: +7 495 926 6073 Tel.: +62 21 380 2324 Fax: +62 21 389 05521 Europe Switzerland International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) Europe Unit (EUR) Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland Switzerland Email: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5111 Universal service funds and digital inclusion for all September 2013 This study was prepared by ITU expert Ms. Lynne A. Dorward under the direction of the Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT), Regulatory and Market Environment Division (RME). ITU Member States and ITU-D Sector Members are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable contributions to this study. Please consider the environment before printing this report. ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Universal service funds and digital inclusion for all Foreword It is my pleasure to present this ITU report on universal service funds (USFs) and digital inclusion for all. It provides a detailed overview and comparative analysis of 69 USFs in all regions and highlights the principal factors that contribute to the successful performance of a number of these USFs. Traditionally, the underlying concept of universal service has been to ensure that information and communication technologies (ICTs) are accessible to the widest number of people at affordable prices. But in order for universal service to truly bring benefits to all, today it needs to be re-examined and redefined to ensure that all communities as well as targeted population groups have access to advanced ICTs. With the ever-escalating global demand for rapid and easy access to data, information and applications and the growing evidence of the economic and social benefits generated by broadband access and services, USFs are seen today as means to ensure that the majority of the population has access to affordable high-speed broadband-based services. In order to make this possible, however, it is important that there is a sound and clear framework of policies and strategies governing the implementation and operation of USFs and the digital agenda of governments as a whole. This is only how USFs can work as a powerful drive for development and help implement national visions of enhanced digital inclusion in a rapidly evolving ICT environment. This new report examines the practical challenges that are often encountered in the operation and management of USFs, including clearly defining the overall USF strategy, scope and objectives and addressing weaknesses or shortcomings in the underlying legal and regulatory frameworks. Evidence from the present analysis suggests that lack of economic viability of the basic fund design and the current restrictions in disbursing funds result in less than 40 per cent of USFs being enabled to fund broadband deployment. Importantly, the report contains a series of conclusions and strategic recommendations as to how overall USF management can be strengthened and enhanced going forward, both for existing funds and for those in the planning stages. These conclusions and recommendations are supported by a proposed operational blueprint to concretely assist countries in their implementation. The growing need for digital inclusion for all communities and target populations within USF frameworks is also addressed along with insights of the innovative manners in which broadband deployment is being financed when traditional, stand-alone USFs may not provide a complete solution. With this report, I am pleased to make available to ITU membership an instrument which, in addition to meeting current and future needs, will make a major contribution to ushering in the information society. I sincerely hope that the best practices and strategic recommendations conveyed will assist today’s policy makers, regulators and multi-stakeholder efforts to ensure that powerful ICT services are accessible and affordable to all world citizens. iii Universal service funds and digital inclusion for all Last but not least, I would also like to express my thanks to the experts, ITU administrations and ITU-D Sector Members for their very valuable contribution to the preparation of this report. Gestion Gestion Brahima Sanou Niger au radioélectrique spectre du Director Telecommunication Development Bureau International Telecommunication Union iv Universal service funds and digital inclusion for all Table of contents Page 1 Introduction and overview ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The USF concept ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 How does a USF operate? ................................................................................................. 1 1.3 USF study and mandate .................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Report focus and high level findings ................................................................................. 2 1.5 Methodology ...................................................................................................................