Free Fall Test Review
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Free Fall Test Review Important Formulas that will given on the test: 2 2 2 Vf = Vi + at Vf = Vi + 2a Δx Δx = ½ (Vi + Vf)t Δx = Vit + ½ a t Important questions to be answered by the end of the unit: • What are the basic motion equations for motion at constant acceleration? • How does one use the constant acceleration equations to solve motion problems? • What criteria are necessary to define “free fall” near the Earth’s surface? • What is the commonly used SI value for the acceleration of gravity near the Earth’s surface? • How does one use the constant acceleration equations to solve motion problems involving free fall? Upon completion of the unit: 1. Compare uniform motion to non-uniform motion a. What does the motion diagram of an object moving with the same speed vs an object changing its speed compare Same speed a= 0m/s2 a= 0m/s2 - + v= 2m/s v= 2m/s v= 2m/s Changing its speed a= 2m/s2 a= 2m/s2 - + v= 2m/s v= 4m/s v= 6m/s 2. Define acceleration and show acceleration on a: a. Acceleration definition: Acceleration is the change in velocity in a particular amount of time. Acceleration is caused by a change in the net force b. Motion diagram: a= 2m/s2 a= 2m/s2 - + v= 2m/s v= 4m/s v= 6m/s c. Velocity-Time graph: http://www.thetrc.org/pda_content/texasphysics/e- BookData/BookInd-847.html d. Other graphs for acceleration 3. Use slope formula to find the average acceleration from a velocity time graph a. Know that the slope of the velocity time graph yields the acceleration of the object. b. Velocity-Time graph: http://www.thetrc.org/pda_content/texasphysics/e- BookData/BookInd-847.html 4. Describe the difference between positive and negative acceleration and describe situations that illustrate each situation using motion diagrams This graph shows that velocity is increasing in the positive direction Matches examples #1 and #2 Positive acceleration #1 Real Life example: car moving faster in the positive direction a= 2m/s2 a= 2m/s2 - + v= 2m/s v= 4m/s v= 6m/s Positive acceleration #2 + Real life example: elevator moving upward increasing speed 2 v= 6m/s a= 2m/s 2 v= 4m/s a= 2m/s v= 2m/s - Positive acceleration #3 Real life example: Car moving in the negative direction and slowing down, due to friction on the positive direction. a= 2m/s2 a= 2m/s2 - + v= -2m/s v= -4m/s v= -6m/s This graph shows that velocity is increasing in the positive direction Matches examples #1 and #2 Negative acceleration #1 Real life example: Car moving in the positive direction and slowing down, due to friction on the negative direction. a= -2m/s2 a= -2m/s2 - + v= 6m/s v= 4m/s v= 2m/s a= -3m/s2 a= -3m/s2 speed in the negative because direct the force of gravity is acting in the negative slowing down, due to gravity force acting in the negative direction. example: Real life Negative#2 acceleration - Real life example: Object Real life dropped and travels in the negative direction increasing m/s 19 - m/s v= 16 - 13m/s v = - V = + direction. Negative acceleration Negative# acceleration Object thrown in the air, moving in the positive direction and 3 a= -2m/s2 a= -2m/s2 - v= 6m/s v= 4m/s v= 2m/s + 6. Define acceleration due to gravity and give examples. a. Acceleration due to gravity: The acceleration of an object due to the force of gravity acting on the object in the negative direction at a know acceleration. For example all objects on earth have ”acceleration due to gravity” (g) of -9.8m/s2, on the moon, objects on earth have ”acceleration due to gravity” (g) of -1.62m/s2, b. What are the conditions for free fall? Only one force (gravity), no air resistance c. Does the mass matter? How do you know? No mass does not matter, class demonstrations http://study.com/academy/lesson/newtons-laws-and-weight-mass-gravity.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mCC-68LyZM 7. What does the motion of an object moving though space look like on a Position vs Time, Velocity vs Time and Acceleration vs Time graph look like? See all negative acceleration in vertical plane (Negative accel #2, #3) Problem Solving 8. Calculate the velocity and displacement of an object undergoing constant acceleration. Use a = -9.8 m/s2 or -10m/s2 2 2 2 Vf = Vi + at Vf = Vi + 2a Δx Δx = ½ (Vi + Vf)t Δx = Vit + ½ a t 9. State and use the common constant acceleration motion equations to solve one- dimension motion problems, including that due to the acceleration due to gravity, flight time and maximum height of objects thrown upward and falling objects. a. Solving for velocity- dropped objects i. How fast will a pebble be traveling 3 seconds after being dropped? (- 29m/s) Vf = Vi + at = 0 +(-9.8) (3s) = -29m/s ii. A penny dropped into a wishing well reaches the bottom in 1.50 seconds. What was the velocity at impact? Vf = Vi + at = 0 +(-9.8) (1.5s) = -14.7m/s iii. A pitcher threw a baseball straight up at 35.8 meters per second. What was the ball’s velocity after 2.5 seconds? (Note that, although the baseball is still climbing, gravity is accelerating it downward.) Vf = Vi + at = +35.8 +(-9.8) (2.5s) = +35.8 -24.5 = 11.3m/s So at 2.5s it will be on the way up, instead of down iv. In a bizarre but harmless accident, Superman fell from the top of the Eiffel Tower. How fast was Superman traveling when he hit the ground 7.8 seconds after falling? Vf = Vi + at = 0 +(-9.8) (7.8s) = -76.4m/s v. A water balloon was dropped from a high window and struck its target 1.1 seconds later. If the balloon left the person’s hand at –5 meters/sec, what was its velocity on impact? Vf = Vi + at = -5 +(-9.8) (1.1s) = -5-10.78 =-15.78m/s b. Solving for velocity- thrown object i. An object is thrown up with an initial velocity of 3m/s 1. What distance did the object travel before it stopped? Vf = Vi + at 0 = +3 +(-9.8)(t) -3 = -9.8t -3/-9.8 = t 0.3s = t Δx = ½ (Vi + Vf)t Δx = ½ (+3 + 0)0.3 Δx = 0.45m 2. What was the time to the peak? Vf = Vi + at 0 = +3 +(-9.8)(t) -3 = -9.8t -3/-9.8 = t 0.3s = t 3. What was the total time in the air? Time to peak = 0.3 Time from peak to ground = 0.3s 0.6s = time total 4. What was the total distance it traveled before getting caught at the same position it was released. Distance to peak = 0.45 Distance from peak to ground = 0.45 Total distance = 0.9m 5. What was the speed of the object just before it was caught, why? -3m/s, since there is no air resistance, the speed of the object is the same as when it was thrown up, just in a different direction. ii. An object is thrown down with an initial velocity of 3m/s 1. What distance did the object travel, if it traveled for 0.3s? 2 Δx = Vit + ½ a t = (-3)(0.3) + ½ (-9.8) (0.3)2 = (-3)(0.3) + ½ (-9.8) (0.3)2 = (-.0.9)+ ½ (-9.8)(0.09) =(-0.9) + (-0.441) = -1.341m 2. What was the speed of the object just before it was caught? Vf = Vi + at = -3 + (-9.8) (0.3) = -3 + (-29.4) = -32.4m/s c. Solving for distance i. A stone tumbles into a mineshaft and strikes bottom after falling for 4.2 seconds. How deep is the mineshaft? 2 Δx = Vit + ½ a t = (0)(4.2) + ½ (-9.8) (4.2)2 = (0) + ½ (-9.8) (17.64) = -86.436m ii. A boy threw a small bundle toward his girlfriend on a balcony 10.0 meters above him. The bundle stopped rising in 1.5 seconds. How high did the bundle travel? Was that high enough for her to catch it? Vf = Vi + at 0 = Vi + (-9.8)(1.5) 0 = Vi +-14.7 +14.7 = Vi 2 Δx = Vit + ½ a t = +14.7 (1.5) + ½ (-9.8) (1.5)2 = +14.7 (1.5) + (-11.025) = +22.05-11.025 = +11.025 The bundle would have traveled 11.025m but since his girlfriend was 10m above him. Therefore, it was caught by her at 10m! iii. A volleyball serve was in the air for 2.2 seconds before it landed untouched in the far corner of the opponent’s court. What was the maximum height of the serve? The volleyball reaches max height 1.1s after being served (halfway in its travel). Since I don’t know the speed it was, when it was served… I’m going to use the speed at the max height as my initial velocity and assume the ball starts at the peak and find the distance to the ground. I’m doing this because the distance from serve to the max height is the same as the distance from the max height to the ground. 2 Δx = Vit + ½ a t = 0 (1.1) + ½ (-9.8) (1.1)2 = 0 + ½ (-9.8) (1.21) = -5.929m d. Solving for time i. The climber dropped her compass at the end of her 240-meter climb.