Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics

List of Chapters:

Chapter 1 — INTRODUCTION Federal Requirements for Braking Dawn of the Motor Vehicle Age Performance Introduction to Vehicle Dynamics Brake Proportioning Fundamental Approach to Modeling Anti-Lock Brake Systems Lumped Mass Braking Efficiency Vehicle Fixed Coordinate System Rear Wheel Lockup Motion Variables Pedal Force Gain Earth Fixed Coordinate System Example Problem Euler Angles References Forces Newton’s Second Law Chapter 4 — ROAD LOADS Dynamic Axle Loads Aerodynamics Static Loads on Level Ground Mechanics of Air Flow Around a Low-Speed Acceleration Vehicle Loads on Grades Pressure Distribution on a Vehicle Example Problems Aerodynamic Forces References Drag Components Aerodynamics Aids Chapter 2 — ACCELERATION PERFORMANCE Bumper Spoilers Power-Limited Acceleration Air Dams Engines Deck Lid Spoilers Power Train Window and Pillar Treatments Automatic Transmissions Optimization Example Problems Drag Traction-Limited Acceleration Air Density Transverse Weight Shift due to Drive Drag Coefficient Torque Side Force Traction Limits Lift Force Example Problems Pitching Moment References Yawing Moment Rolling Moment Chapter 3 — BRAKING PERFORMANCE Crosswind Sensitivity Basic Equations Rolling Resistance Constant Deceleration Factors Affecting Rolling Resistance Deceleration with Wind Resistance Tire Temperature Energy/Power Tire Inflation Pressure/Load Braking Forces Velocity Rolling Resistance Tire Material and Design Aerodynamic Drag Tire Slip Driveline Drag Typical Coefficients Grade Total Road Loads Brakes Fuel Economy Effects Brake Factor Example Problems Tire-Road Friction References Velocity Inflation Pressure Vertical Load Example Problems Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics

Chapter 5 — RIDE Experimental Measurement of Understeer Excitation Sources Gradient Road Roughness Constant Radius Method Tire/Wheel Assembly Constant Speed Method Driveline Excitation Example Problems Engine/Transmission References Vehicle Response Properties Suspension Isolation Chapter 7 — SUSPENSIONS Example Problem Solid Axles Suspension Stiffness Hotchkiss Suspension Damping Four Link Active Control De Dion Wheel Hop Resonances Independent Suspensions Suspension Nonlinearities Trailing Arm Suspension Rigid Body Bounce/Pitch Motions SLA Front Suspension Bounce/Pitch Frequencies MacPherson Strut Special Cases Multi-Link Rear Suspension Example Problem Trailing-Arm Rear Suspension Perception of Ride Semi-Trailing Arm Tolerance to Seat Vibrations Swing Axle Other Vibration Forms Anti-Squat and Anti-Pitch Suspension Conclusion Geometry References Equivalent Trailing Arm Analysis Rear Solid Drive Axle Chapter 6 — STEADY-STATE CORNERING Independent Rear Drive Introduction Front Solid Drive Axle Low-Speed Turning Independent Front-Drive Axle High-Speed Cornering Four-Wheel Drive Tire Cornering Forces Anti-Dive Suspension Geometry Cornering Equations Example Problems Understeer Gradient Roll Center Analysis Characteristic Speed Solid Axle Roll Centers Critical Speed Four-Link Rear Suspension Lateral Acceleration Gain Three-Link Rear Suspension Yaw Velocity Gain Four-Link with Parallel Arms Sideslip Angle Hotchkiss Suspension Static Margin Independent Suspension Roll Centers Suspension Effects on Cornering Positive Swing Arm Geometry Roll Moment Distribution Negative Swing Arm Geometry Camber Change Parallel Horizontal Links Roll Steer Inclined Parallel Links Lateral Force Compliance Steer MacPherson Strut Aligning Torque Swing Axle Effect of Tractive Forces on Cornering Active Suspensions Summary of Understeer Effects Suspension Categories Functions Performance References Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics

Chapter 8 — THE STEERING SYSTEM Chapter 10 – TIRES Introduction Tire Construction The Steering Linkages Size and Load Rating Steering Geometry Error Terminology and Axis System Toe Change Mechanics of Force Generation Roll Steer Tractive Properties Front Wheel Geometry Vertical Load Steering System Forces and Moments Inflation Pressure Vertical Force Surface Friction Lateral Force Speed Tractive Force Relevance to Vehicle Performance Aligning Torque Cornering Properties Rolling Resistance and Overturning Slip Angle Moments Tire Type Steering System Models Load Examples of Steering System Effects Inflation Pressure Steering Ratio Size and Width Understeer Tread Design Braking Stability Other Factors Influence of Front-Wheel Drive Relevance to Vehicle Performance Driveline Torque About the Steer Axis Camber Thrust Influence of Tractive Force on Tire Tire Type Cornering Stiffness Load Influence of Tractive Force on Aligning Inflation Pressure Moment Tread Design Fore/Aft Load Transfer Other Factors Summary of FWD Understeer Relevance to Vehicle Performance Influences Aligning Moment Four-Wheel Steer Slip Angle Low-Speed Turning Path Curvature High-Speed Cornering Relevance to Vehicle Performance References Combined Braking and Corning Friction Circle Chapter 9 — ROLLOVER Variables Quasi-Static Rollover of a Rigid Vehicle Relevance to Vehicle Performance Quasi-Static Rollover of a Suspended Vehicle Conicity and Ply Steer Transient Rollover Relevance to Vehicle Performance Simple Roll Models Durability Forces Yaw-Roll Models Tire Vibrations Tripping References Accident Experience References Appendix A — SAE J670e - Vehicle Dynamics Terminology

Appendix B — SAE J6a - Ride and Vibration Data Manual

Index