| NATUREJOBS | 26 APRIL 2012 SPOTLIGHT ON IMMUNOLOGY / VACCINES NATUREJOBS Rafi Ahmed, Emory Vaccine Center Vaccine Emory Ahmed, Rafi vaccine.” preventive the traditional substantially beyond is to going enlarge vaccine“The field in 2010— the industry ispredicted pharmaceutical market —2percent a small portion ofthe global feld. an burgeoning already boost Gates Foundation funding will distribution. &Melinda TeBill and development (R&D)and for vaccineUS$10 billion research “decade ofvaccines” and pledged the philanthropist for a called vaccine research. In January 2010 wellfor those committedbodes to to have in your corner, which and new technologyafecting thevaccine field? How are public-private partnerships,low-cost manufacturers Trends invaccine development SPOTLIGHT ONVACCINES BILL GATES Although vaccines comprise is ahandy person with HIV aprimewith example. HIV When vaccine development pipeline, not prioritised by the traditional needs Tesemeet and INSERM. researchpublic institutes CNRS the University plus French ofLille, —aprivateLille foundation —and comprising the Institut Pasteur in aPPP, isalso CIIL its partners VaccineAIDS Initiative (IAVI). partnership and the International the GAVI the Alliance, Aeras TB with the fnal-stage vaccine,” hesays. entityor public that comeup will private asingle probablynotbe will there TB such as diseases difcult companies have that realized for and private “Pharmaceutical sectors. competition the public between system in Europe was still that of says that the prevailing fve years ago the Institut Pasteur France, in Lille, and Immunity at (CIIL) ofLille director ofthe Centre for Infection in thisfunded way. Camille Locht, taken time for vaccine research to be around since the early 1990s,ithas Although the has been model the business ofvaccines”, says Gates. partnerships (PPPs) is“transforming Te expansion ofpublic-private The three Ps interested in working in the feld. Te changesare signifcantfor those and the technologies. use ofnew of low-cost vaccine manufacturers and privatepublic the sectors, rise theincreased collaboration between vaccine manufacturer MedImmune. the innovative unit at medicines senior vice president ofR&Din infectious disease,” says Steve Projan, the growth best area now right in analysts Freedonia. “It’s probably by industry 2011 report published annually until 2015,according to a increasewill by around 7percent In the United States, demand to grow over the nextyears. few PPPs working in vaccines include Te industry isbeing by shaped development Tomas Hassell, who presidentskills. Vice ofvaccine proven management project from the vaccine industry with experienced leaders and managers was the importance ofrecruiting international partners. in the United States and other the Scripps Research Institute through acollaboration with was accomplished 2009 discovery 2011.Te 2011 and December candidates in Africa in February trials clinical ofvaccinephase-one on HIV, and the launch oftwo that have astrong neutralizing efect human oftwo discovery antibodies research advances include the 2009 broker IAVI’s NineSigma. recent researchers via open innovation 2012 awarded US$875,000 to two external partners and in February collaborations with more than 50 additional research staf through pandemic. Itthe HIV supports by from most afected regions early-careerto recruit postdocs launched afellowshipprogramme background —and in April 2011it percent ofthem with an industry in-house research staf —around 75 of employees, IAVI now has 105 World Bank and other partners. Rockefeller Foundation, plus the foundationsseveral including the was created with support from world. Asaresult, in 1996IAVI and onsectors focus the developing the and private public between gap one that the bridge could needed, ofvaccinemodel development was the search for avaccine. and companies had abandoned early research 1990sseveral groups response and bya fast the faded proved resilient,As HIV for hopes formulatecould avaccine quickly. researchers were optimistic they the virus was identifed in 1984, An early lesson for the initiative withEstablished just ahandful It clear that became anew ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE

IMAGE SOURCE LIGHTHOUSE PHOTOGRAPHY/MEDIMMUNE ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE whose vaccines have been developing countries. Companies of low-cost manufacturers in A signifcanttrend isthe growth out, players new are emerging. vaccine manufacturers were bought during many which independent Following 30years oftakeovers transformedhas been recently. Te vaccine manufacturing industry Cut-price competition in theto see future,” says Carpick. “defnitely something you’re going Foundation matched. New PPPs are the which US$20 Gates million, its contribution by to the alliance increased and Development (BMZ) for Cooperation Economic Ministry in April 2011the German Federal and ofUS$3.7its billion, target frombillion its donors, exceeding ofUS$4.3 afve-yearsecured pledge climate. year Last the GAVI Alliance despite the model, economic PPP continues to through emerge the and cost.”complexity has greatly“Tat increased in the past,” explains Carpick. stringent now than were they requirements are much more surrounding vaccines. “Regulatory emphasis and governance on safety street,”two-way says Carpick. for working with industry. “It’s a schemes now ofer incentives and many government funding their research reach the market, the arrangement itcan help as beneft fromcollaborators also for opportunities.” External looking to the external environment for any major vaccine player to be Canada. “It’s anatural progression R&Darmanalytical in Toronto, inbiochemist Sanof Pasteur’s ago,” explains Carpick, Bruce a complex than itwas 20or 30years a vaccine today ismuch more for candidates. “Developing are turning to external collaborators complicated. Vaccine manufacturers morevaccine becomes targets of early identifyingnew R&Das number ofPPPs isthe rising cost ofto aracing to start.” get people product,” hesays. “You want youwant possible as the fnished major training programmes. “As far lack thegenerally funds to support was importantpeople PPPs because in 2008,says getting the right IAVIjoined from Sanof Pasteur For now substantial funding Tere increasing isalso A major catalyst for the increased now available to vaccine researchers. extends to the technologies new military-related metaphors, and this Immunology isofen in discussed Bring outthebigguns supportwill 60R&Dstaf. not-for-proft initiative that Wellcome Trust, aUS$145million Merckpartnership between and the the Hilleman Laboratories in New and Delhi, (ICGEB) Engineering and Biotechnology the International Center for Genetic Emory’s Joint Vaccine Center with includecapacity the launch of increasecould Indian research Other recent developments that Research InstituteDisease (IDRI). Initiative and the Infectious (MVI) organizations, the Malaria Vaccine with Seattle-based non-proft two Pune in western India in partnership vaccine-manufacturing in facility Biopharmaceuticals anew opened end, last month India’s Gennova order to make To progress. this and Europe in India wellas as in institutes in the United States to collaborate more with research He says these companies need will theirto build R&Dcapabilities. cut-price vaccines, but still need by producing health service public India are providing a“tremendous” States, says that manufacturers in UniversityEmory in the United VaccineEmory Center (EVC) at world’s third-largest vaccines market. expand its presence in China,the Bio-Pharmaceutical in order to manufacturer Zhejiang Tianyuan a majoritystake in Chinese vaccine that Novartis Vaccines had bought with coincided news Te decision systems were sufciently robust. that the country’s regulatory prequalifcation afer being satisfed in China to submit products for way for vaccine manufacturers March the 2011WHO opened spread in ofthe Haiti. disease In in programme apilot to halt the Shantha Biotechnics isbeing used A cholera vaccine by produced and Bio FarmaBrazil; in Indonesia. in Bio-Manguinhos in India; Shantha based Biotechnics, also PanaceaBiotech, and Biotec Serum Institute Bharat ofIndia; prequalifcation —include the —known and efcacy as safety international standards ofquality, to meet Organisation (WHO) by the Worldjudged Health Raf Ahmed, director Ahmed, ofthe Raf in for improvedthe need MedImmune’s Projan, emphasizing is afeldin the dark ages,” says breakthroughs. “Immunology is still signifcantpotential for a live attenuated bacterium. doseof nasal on asingle based pertussis vaccine (whooping cough) example, are developing anew collaborators, and his forLocht are another active area ofresearch; technologies says Delivery Locht. integrative,” isvery “Vaccinology and fuorescentimaging tagging. resonancemagnetic (NMR) massas spectrometry, nuclear assaying such tools and imaging characterization, and improved proteinsuch as purifcation and techniquesinclude biochemical to integral vaccine researchbecome thatOther technologies have with errant geneticmaterial. vaccinescheck for contamination tosequencing used be can also of avaccine at the geneticlevel. researchers to examine the efects enables that the technology now,” says CIIL’s explaining Locht, sequencing isacommon tool “Genome-widesequencing. in cheaper,boom faster DNA One recent development isthe attenuating whole microorganisms. has diversifedfrom culturing and early 1980s,vaccine technology DNA in vaccines the emerged IAVI’s Hassell. Since recombinant weaponnew in the armament,” says scientifc“Each advance means a company isaleaderinrespiratory vaccines. MedImmune headquartersinGaithersburg, MarylandintheUnitedStates; the

Despite recent advances, there assessingAs wellas efcacy, DNA vivo models for testing models vaccines. in

vitro and responsibility for content Nature editorial staf have no says Ahmed. exciting areas ofscience now,” right the skills. “It’s right one ofthe most opportunities for scientists with and potential for stimulating of vaccines, there ismuch optimism and soforth,” says Carpick. development clinical afairs, management,project regulatory in non-technical areas such as opportunities to see going also that expand. will “You’re jobs hierarchical reporting relationships.” “We can’t rely onformal, staid, vaccine],”[a new says Projan. discover, and develop commercialise “It isincreasingly complicated to working under multiple managers. skills includevalued initiative and vaccines for respiratory diseases, offutureaspects vaccine research. are crucial also and systems biology Ahmed ofEVC. Bioinformatics traditional preventive vaccine,” says substantiallyenlarge the beyond vaccine to feldisgoing “Te chronic viral infections and cancer. vaccines for conditions such as increasing interest in therapeutic candidates, new develop and an the mechanism ofvaccines and to science to betterbasic understand expertise across the industry, hesays. there isn’t pharmacology enough Despite common perceptions, Two years into Gates’s Bill decade And itisnotjust in R&D At MedImmune, aleader in Tere isarenewedon focus ■

1 | NATUREJOBS | 26 APRIL 2012 SPOTLIGHT ON IMMUNOLOGY / VACCINES NATUREJOBS 2 | NATUREJOBS | 26 APRIL 2012 SPOTLIGHT ON IMMUNOLOGY/VACCINES NATUREJOBS www.fau.de The deadlineforapplicationis http://www.dekanat.med.uni-erlangen.de.website at please visitour more information Erlangen-Nürnberg, Östliche Stadtmauerstr.Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.Erlangen, 30a,91054 For atUniversität the CD-ROM orperE-mail)totheDeanofFacultyMedicine and certificates) in written as well as (on digital form copies of yourcredentials activities; officiallyteaching grants and book chapters;alistofresearch certified tabular form; list of subdivided in publications original papers, and review articles Please submit and the your application supportive documents (curriculum vitae in http://www.uni-erlangen.de/infocenter/jobs/professoren/Tumor-Immunology.shtml information canbefoundon: apply.provisions for thejob,legal respect tofurtherpreconditions Further Employer.is anEqualOpportunities The UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg With trative dutiesandalsotoattractexternalfunding. outside academia. expectedtotakeoveradminis- will be The successfulcandidate and positions appointments or by equivalent faculty position a previous junior Preferably,journals. peer-reviewed a “habilitation”, by latter isdocumented the in and publications successful grant applications scientific achievements including Prerequisites for employment are a skillsand university doctoral degree,teaching Medicine andaMasterprograminMedicalProcessManagement. and Dentistry,in Medicine programs a Bachelor / is expected. of Medicine the Faculty offersFaculty ofMedicine The study in Molecular Master program relevant for immunotherapy.of with other researchgroupsparticularly Cooperation mechanisms of predictive signatures and molecular work will be the identification approaches. systems biology and of bioinformatics focus of the The biological at theuniversity.teaching Wethe field in expertise with for acandidate looking are and in research field the to represent is expected candidate The successful six years. A fixed-term professorship withthestatus of for is available servantatotalof a civil with focusonsystemsbiology W2-Professorship forTumor Immunology Dermatology invitesapplicationsfora of Department Erlangen-Nürnberg, at theUniversität The FacultyofMedicine Search nowat Academic recruiters recruiters Bringing • Industry Industry jobseekers jobseekers 8 th June2012 together. naturejobs.com . • Government and W224038R

Strasbourg, France. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] and [email protected] E-mail: France. Strasbourg, Prof. Thomas Baumert and Dr. Mirjam Zeisel, Inserm U748, 3 rue Koeberlé, F-67000 brief statement ofresearch interests to: Please send your CV (including experience, publications and academic references) and a Strasbourg tenure track programs. Successful candidates will have the opportunity to enter the Inserm and University of expected. skills are organization and communication of the French language is not required, English proficiency is mandatory and strong interest in a career in translational research are also encouraged to apply. While knowledge industry. pharmaceutical the with partnerships established a strong with doctors Medical environment (Laboratory ofexcellence HEPSYS, University ofStrasbourg) including awell-funded international and young research team in an outstanding scientific cancer. virus-induced of mechanisms molecular the of will join candidates successful The molecular mechanisms viral of entry and immune evasion and applicant one the for study immunology or cancer research. We are looking for one applicant toinvestigate the The successful candidates will have strong background in molecular biology, virology, Pestka 2007). al.PNAS et 2010, Benga et al. Hepatology 2010; Dimitrova et al. PNAS 2008, Barth et al J. Virol 2008; 2010,Gastroenterology 2010, Virol. J. al. et Lambotin Rev. Nature al. et Lambotin Microbiol. 2011, Medicine al.Nature et 2010, Med. Exp. al.J. et Fafi-Kremer al. et Fofana interactions and the developmentnovel of antivirals and vaccines (see Lupberger, Zeisel The unit program is focused onthe study ofthe molecular mechanisms ofvirus-host laboratory, BSL3 of-the-art site. on are platforms cytometry flow and imaging advanced A state environment. scientific outstanding an in Strasbourg of University the of campus laboratory is located in an excellent infrastructure ofthe Institute ofVirology onthe Baumert) at the Institute ofVirology, University ofStrasbourg, France. The unit and U748 and the Laboratory of Excellence HEPSYS (Head and Director: Prof. Thomas F. A postdoctoral position and a PhDstudent position are openin the Inserm Virology Unit Inserm Virology Unit, Laboratory ofExcellence HEPSYS, are encouraged to apply. Opportunity Employer; women andminorities The University of Michigan isEqualan addressed to: informationalong with three references careergoals for junior applicants,contact and curriculum vitae Interested individuals shouldsubmit departments ofthe University of Michigan. joint appointments within graduate within the University, and the potential for to both basic scienceclinical and departments interactive group of researchers with close ties HIV.to translational research programs relevant independently funded Full Professor rank to develop and conduct trackpositions at theAssistant, Associate, or eligible) in Infectious Diseases for tenure- seeks M.D. candidates board certified (or Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases The University of Michigan Department of HIV Research Faculty Position University of Strasbourg, France Strasbourg, of University Department of Internal Medicine Or email: [email protected] 3119 Taubman Center/SPC 5378 PhD Student Position Student PhD Postdoctoral Position Division of Infectious Diseases Investigators will join agrowing and 1500 E.Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5378 Search Committee Chair David M.Aronoff, M.D., c/o Carly Kish , summary of research and basic and/or NW224136R W223982R

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