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Public Prosecutor V B R Chaandrran [2006] SGDC 301

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LawNet – Legal Research http://www.lawnet.com.sg.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/lrweb/tools.do?subact... Public Prosecutor v B R Chaandrran [2006] SGDC 301 Suit No : DAC 57653/2005, MA 183/2006 Decision : 26 Dec 2006 Date Court : District Court Coram : Kaur Jasvender Counsel : Lee Cheow Han (Deputy Public Prosecutor) for the prosecution, Ramesh Tiwary (Ramesh Tiwary) and Ranjit Singh (Francis Khoo & Lim) for the accused 26 December 2006 District Judge Jasvender Kaur: 1 The accused was convicted after a trial of engaging in a conspiracy with one Mak Yew Loong Colin (“Colin Mak”) to arrange a contract for the acquisition of 20,000 AKMS rifles valued at US$3,400,000 (S$5,712,000) between 11 May 2005 and 13 September 2005 when he was not registered with Singapore Customs to broker in strategic goods, having reason to believe that the contract was likely to result in the removal of the 20,000 AKMS rifles from Bulgaria to Syria, an offence under section 6(1)(a) of the Strategic Goods (Control) Act (Cap 300) (“the Act”) read with section 109 of the Penal Code (Cap 224). He was sentenced to 18 months’ imprisonment. Against that conviction and sentence he has brought this appeal. Prosecution's case Undisputed facts 2 Between February/ March 2004 and September 2005, the accused was an operations manager at Dannhauser International Pte Ltd ("Dannhauser"). Dannhauser was registered with the Director-General of Singapore Customs to broker in strategic goods as required under Regulation 14 of the Strategic Goods (Control) Regulations 2004. 3 The accused and Colin Mak were not registered to broker in strategic goods. 4 On 14 September 2005 at about 2.25 pm, officers from the Singapore Customs, led by the investigation officer, Higher Superintendent of Customs ('HSC') Samadi Bin Aman (PW6), raided the office of Dannhauser at Kaki Bukit Road. The officers seized the computer used by the accused. 5 On the same day, at about 1.35 pm, SSC Chong Wei Hoong (PW4) and a team of customs officers raided the residence of Colin Mak. SSC Chong did an imaging of the hard disc of the computers found in the living room and the bedroom of Colin Mak. 6 At about 7.30 pm the same day, another team of customs officers accompanied the accused to his residence at Hougang Avenue 7 and seized his computer, which was in the living room. 7 Between 15 and 20 September 2005, SSC Pang Teck Loon (PW5) conducted computer forensics examination on the computers seized from the accused’s office and his residence. The e-mails and documents retrieved from the computer used by the accused at Dannhauser were admitted as exhibits P2 to P6 and P21 to P111. In particular, the following e-mails were retrieved: 1 of 17 4/1/2015 1:39 PM LawNet – Legal Research http://www.lawnet.com.sg.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/lrweb/tools.do?subact... (a) An e-mail dated 11 May 2005 from Colin Mak to the accused stating the availability of 38,000 AKMS rifles from Bulgaria (Exh, P32); (b) A proforma invoice no. 34889A dated 10 September 2005 issued by Protec Consulting Co. (“Protec”) to Al Thika Telecommunication Services of Jordan for the sale of 20,000 units of AKMS rifles at US$3,400,000 (US$170 per unit) and to be delivered from Bulgaria to Syria (Exh P21); (c) A proforma invoice no. 34889A dated 10 September 2005 issued by Protec to Al Thika Telecommunication Services of Jordan for the sale of 25 units of industrial machinery at the price of US$3,400,000 to be delivered to Syria (Exh. P22); and (d) A commission agreement dated 30 August 2005 between Protec, represented by one Tony Thille, the CEO of Protec and the accused, where it was agreed that the accused was to receive a payment of US$10 per unit (i.e. US$200,000) from Protec upon the successful delivery and payment of the AKMS rifles to Syria (Exh. P23). 8 Computer forensics examination on the images found in the hard discs of the computers seized from Colin Mak was conducted by SSC Chong. The e-mails retrieved were admitted as exhibits P7 to P20. In particular, the following e-mails were retrieved: (a) E-mail sent between 10 and 11 May 2005 from the accused to Colin Mak where the accused enquired whether Colin Mak could supply AKMS rifles (Exh. P9); and (b) E-mail dated 11 May 2005 from Tony Thille to Colin Mak to the effect that Protec could obtain the supply of 38,000 AKMS rifles from a Bulgarian supplier (exh. P11). Prosecution's evidence (i) Fernando Moderage Tissa (PW1) 9 In late April 2005, Fernando received a call from his friend, Koh Kah Leong Leon ("Leon"). Leon told him that he has a friend dealing in private jets, and requested Tissa’s help to find buyers for the private jets. 10 Arising from what Leon had said, Tissa arranged to meet the accused whom he knew was dealing in military equipment. They met at a coffee shop at Kaki Bukit. Tissa asked the accused if he could find buyers for private jets. The accused was interested to do so and requested to meet Leon. Under cross-examination, Tissa disagreed that he told the accused to find buyers for military equipment as well. 11 Subsequently, Tissa contacted Leon and arranged for a meeting with Leon's friend, Colin Mak, at the coffee shop at Kaki Bukit. At this meeting in May 2005, Tissa, the accused, Leon and Colin Mak were present. Tissa’s evidence was that the accused and Colin Mak initially discussed about dealing in private jets. After sometime, he heard them discussing about dealing in rifles. He heard that they wanted to buy and sell rifles. He said that the quantity of rifles mentioned was a few thousands. (ii) Koh Kah Leong Leon (PW2) 12 Leon met Colin Mak in April 2005. Colin Mak told him that he deals in aircraft, military and security items and requested him to introduce buyers in return for a commission. Subsequently, Leon contacted Tissa and asked him if he could recommend buyers for aircrafts. 13 In May 2005, Tissa informed him that he would introduce a person who might be interested in buying aircrafts. Leon agreed to meet the person. He also contacted Colin Mak and informed him of the proposed meeting. Colin Mak agreed to attend the meeting. 2 of 17 4/1/2015 1:39 PM LawNet – Legal Research http://www.lawnet.com.sg.ezlibproxy1.ntu.edu.sg/lrweb/tools.do?subact... 14 A few days later, the accused met him, Colin and Tissa at a coffee shop at Kaki Bukit. Colin and the accused discussed about dealing in private jets. Later he heard them discussing about dealing in military items - such as MIG fighter jets, missiles, bombs and rifles. Under cross-examination, he said Colin Mak got excited and started to talk about bombs, missiles and MIG jets, and the accused asked him if could obtain such items. It was also his evidence that he heard the accused telling Colin Mak that he has a buyer who was interested in AKMS rifles. Colin Mak replied that he could get the AKMS rifles. Leon remembered that the quantity of rifles mentioned was in the thousands. 15 After half an hour to one hour, Leon and Colin Mak left. Leon said he scolded Colin Mak for wanting to deal in AKMS rifles and told him that he did not want to have anything to do with the deal in AKMS rifles. (iii) RS Murali Dran Naidu (“PW3") 16 Murali is the managing director of Dannhauser. Sometime in January 2005, Murali was informed by the accused that one George Nawfal (“George”) from Sakr Trading in Lebanon had contacted Dannhauser and was interested in purchasing M16 rifles and magazines. The accused was assigned to handle the project. Subsequently, the accused informed him that George also wanted to purchase 20,000 units of AKMS rifles for the Syrian Armed Forces. 17 Murali testified that the accused was entitled to a commission if the deal went through. The amount of the commission was dependant on the profit made. 18 Dannhauser contacted its regular supplier - Imperial Defence Service of the United Kingdom to source for the AKMS rifles from Eastern Europe. Subsequently, Ukraine was identified to be the possible supplier (see e-mail P29). 19 The AKMS deal continued to progress until April 2005 when an impasse was reached on the payment terms. George’s position was that payment by a letter of credit was to be effected only upon arrival of the AKMS rifles in Syria. However, this was not acceptable to Murali, as Dannhauser would then have to bear the financial cost of paying the suppliers first without any guarantee of payment by Sakr Trading. Murali stated that George’s explanation for insisting on the letter of credit being negotiable only upon the goods arriving in Syria was because he claimed that the Syrian government had its AKMS rifles confiscated previously by a neighbouring country when there was a port call by the ship. Murali did not believe this explanation. He said such an incident could not have happened as no country would confiscate the goods of a legal transaction, and the Syrian Government would have protested and taken up its case. Murali sent an e-mail to George to the effect that it would be unacceptable for Dannhauser to be out of pocket (exh P6 at pg 20).
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