The Carthage Vanguard Volume IV
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Carthage Vanguard Volume 4 CARTHAGE VANG ARD An Interdiciplinary Research Journal 1 Carthage Vanguard Volume 4 The Carthage Vanguard Copyright© by The Carthage Vanguard https://www.carthage.edu/vanguard/ Originally Published in the United Statates by Carthage College in 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced without prior written permission from the publisher, with the exception of brief quotations for review purposes. This is an original, academic journal. Any findings are academic and do not go so far as to claim to be true under every circumstance. Academic review is welcomed for the furtherment of education. 2 Carthage Vanguard Volume 4 Table of Contents The 2017 Vanguard Staff............................................................................................................ 4 Letter from the Editor................................................................................................................. 5 Humanities Division Inspiration and Imitation: The Role of the Poet in the Paradox of Creation .................. 7 Katelyn Risch Destroy to Create: The Young Female Artist’s Formation of Personal Identity............... 16 Olivia Paige Witney “All Art is Quite Useless”: An Exploration of Beauty and Aestheticism in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray ................................................................................ 28 Lindsay Philips On Hobbes’s Treatment Of Punishment In Leviathan .................................................... 38 Timothy Tennyson Concealed-Carry on College Campuses: The Legal Right of Students and Faculty to Bear Arms ............................................................................................................................... 59 Wyatt Cooper Natural Sciences Division The Potential Influence of MUC5B on Streptococcus mutans ropA Expression and Trigger Factor Fucntion................................................................................................... 69 Daniel Setzke Social Sciences Division Comparison of young and adult behavior with stray dogs in Yachay Tech University and Urcuquí. ................................................................................................................... 83 Ana Lucía Dom ínguez Carvajal The Effect of Applied Behavior Analysis on a Child Expressing Comorbidity of Selective Mutism and Autism Spectrum Disorder.......................................................... 88 Madeline Fell 3 Carthage Vanguard Volume 4 The 2017 Vanguard Staff Brett Grimes Editor-In-Chief Jessica Livingston Creative Specialist Katelyn Risch Copywriter Logan Bartz Managing Editor of the Humanities Mary Weir Managing Editor of the Social Sciences Hailey Hathaway Managing Editor of the Natural Sciences Aaron San Juan Reviewer Max Becher Reviewer Owen Meyers Reviewer Daniel Setzke Reviewer 4 Carthage Vanguard Volume 4 From the Editor-In-Chief- It is my pleasure to introduce the fourth issue of The Carthage Vanguard, a unique interdisciplinary research journal produced by a team of undergraduates. The role of academic research, once reserved for only those in graduate school, is becoming an essen- tial part of the undergraduate experience. With that, there is a re- sponsibility to recognize and publish unique perspectives, scholarly ambition, and profound original research. The Carthage Vanguard strives to create an avenue for talented, young researchers of all disciplines to share their work at the undergraduate level. This year’s issue provides incredible reflections on the world around us, from heavy contemplations of abstract concepts to pragmat- ic discussions of problems in our communities. In the humanities section, our English articles explore the “paradox of creation,” the formation of female identity, and the role of beauty and aesthetics in The Picture of Dorian Gray. Our Political Science articles discuss Hobbes’s treatment of punishment in Leviathan as well as con- cealed-carry on college campuses. In the natural sciences section, we investigate ECM-cell interactions. In the social sciences section, we study the interaction of humans and stray dogs in Ecuador and the effect of “applied behavior analysis” in Southeast Wisconsin. I am excited to say that with this issue we officially become an in- ternational research journal, as we are publishing our first article from the country of Ecuador. I would like to thank all those who contributed to this issue: the researchers who submitted such exemplary work; the editors and reviewers for contributing their time and effort in selecting the arti- cles; Jessica Livingston for all her work in designing this issue; and of course you, the reader, for fulfilling the true purpose of this pub- lication. Brett Grimes Editor-In-Chief 5 Carthage Vanguard Volume 4 Arts & Humanities Through scholarly inquiry, artistic creation, and community engage- ment, the Division of Arts and Humanities cultivates a rich artistic and intellectual community that fosters a respect for diversity and encour- ages lifelong learning. Students learn to engage critical and creative thinking skills as tools for reflection, expression, and engagement. 6 Carthage Vanguard Volume 4 Inspiration and Imitation: The Role of the Poet in the Paradox of Creation Katelyn Risch English Department Carthage College Abstract My primary text is Robert Duncan’s 1960 poem “The Structure of Rime I.” The first of a 29-part series, it explores the nature of writing and creation via the motif of the image, the personification of the sentence, and the ever-shifting patterns of power dynamics. Many critics and scholars discuss, as I will, the influence that Duncan’s time at the Black Mountain College exerts on his style of writing—that is, they note that his writing takes a nonlinear, collage-like format. Furthermore, they study the role that religious and mystic beliefs play in the creation of his work. I too will exam- ine religion, specifically the Biblical allusions within “The Structure of Rime I,” and will demonstrate how they contribute to the poem’s claims regarding the creative process. A close-reading of the poem reveals that the poem’s speaker is represen- tative of all poets. In addition to examining the religious components of the poem, analyzing the speaker’s relationship with writing (both the way he perceives it and the way his interlocutor, a nameless woman, suggests it ought to be perceived) unearths the poem’s function as a call to action for poets. It calls poets to abandon the struc- ture and linearity of creative rules in favor of immersing themselves in the oftentimes abstract creative process, and to thus make “meaning” just as much a part of the process as it is a part of the product. Introduction of inspiration, some examples of which include emotions, aesthetics, and history. Weatherhead explores the ways in “The Structure of Rime I” was published in Robert Dun- which Duncan’s poetry fits the first definition. He isolates can’s 1960 collection of poetry entitled The Opening of the “The Fire: Passages 13” from Bending the Bow as an ex- Field. As the “I” indicates, this was part of a poetic series, ample. The beginning of this poem is, more or less, a chart for which he wrote 29 in total. The first 13 were published of words—six columns of words, with six words in each in The Opening of the Field; the next seven were pub- column, underneath which lies another miniature chart, this lished in Roots and Branches; the following five appeared one two by two. At first, especially if the reader is locked in Bending the Bow; three more were published in Ground into the expectation of linearity, the opening of this poem Work; finally, the 29th installation was published in Ground may appear nonsensical. The poem seems to cross from Work II. writing, the traditionally linear art form, into the realm of These poems explore the nature of writing, as well visual art, a spatial field. By contrast, this analysis of “The as the nature of creation in general. As opposed to ap- Structure of Rime I” will focus on collage’s second defini- proaching writing from a strictly linear perspective, Duncan tion, that of a poem being born out of a myriad of inspiring uses the image of the field—hence the title of the collec- concepts. tion. Rather than adhering to neat and orderly linearity, According to an article entitled “A Brief Guide writing for him unfolds spatially across a canvas, much to the Black Mountain School,” the collage and field’s like traditionally visual art forms (painting, drawing, etc.). rejection of perfectly structured rules and the subsequent Jackson Pollock, who lived from 1912 to 1956, was one adoption of experimental form was practiced by members such painter. His work was categorized as both “abstract of the Black Mountain College. Duncan was one of these expressionist” and “field painting”—“abstract” describes members, as were the writers Robert Creeley, Denise Le- art that is without a concrete subject or narrative, and “ex- vertov, and Charles Olson, among others. The Black Moun- pressionist” denotes the idea that the work of art somehow tain College “was an educational experiment” lasting from conveys emotion (Hudson). Likewise, “field painting” refers 1933 to 1956. One of its main goals was to emphasize the to works of art without a singular focus. importance of art to having a full “human understanding,” In a similar vein, A. K. Weatherhead’s essay en- and they did so by elevating the importance of the creative titled “Robert Duncan and the Lyric” notes that