List of Entries Essays are shown in bold

▶ AAA ATPase ▶ Actin Polymerisation ▶ AAV ▶ Actin Related Proteins ▶ Abasic Site ▶ Action Potential ▶ ABCB1 ▶ Action Potential Backpropagation ▶ ABC Transporters ▶ Activation (of a Molecule) ▶ Absorption Coefficient ▶ Activators of G Protein Signaling ▶ Absorption Edge ▶ Active Site ▶ Absorptive Intestinal Cells ▶ Activin ▶ ACAMP ▶ Activin Receptor-Like Kinase ▶ Acamprosate ▶ Actomyosin ▶ Acantholysis ▶ ActR-IB/-IC ▶ Acanthosis ▶ ActR-IIA/-IIB ▶ Acceptor ▶ Acute Intermittent Porphyria ▶ Accessible Surface Area ULRICH GROSS ▶ ACE ▶ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ▶ ACE Inhibitor ▶ Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ▶ Acetabular Protrusion ▶ Acute Phase Proteins ▶ Acetal Linkage ▶ Acute Phase Reaction ▶ Acetyl Choline Esterase ▶ Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia ▶ AchE ▶ Acyltransferase ▶ Achondrogenesis ▶ AD ▶ Achondroplasia ▶ ADAM ▶ Acousto-Optical Filters ▶ Adaptive Immunity ▶ Acousto-Optical Modulator ▶ Adaptor Complexes ▶ Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter ▶ Adaptor Protein Complexes ▶ Acquired Immunity ▶ Adaptor Proteins ▶ Acquisition Time ▶ Addiction, Molecular Biology ▶ Acrocentric Chromosome WALTER ZIEGLGÄNSBERGER ▶ Acrosome ▶ Addison’s Disease ▶ Acrosome Reaction ▶ Adeno-Associated Virus ▶ ACTH ▶ Adenoma ▶ Actin ▶ Adenomas ▶ Actin Cytoskeleton ▶ Adenomatous Polyposis Coli RAJESH ARASADA,MICHAEL SCHLEICHER ▶ Adenylyl Cyclase ▶ Actin Filaments ▶ ADH 2042 List of Entries

▶ ADHD ▶ ALFPs ▶ Adherens Junction ▶ ALK YASUYUKI FUJITA,CATHERINE HOGAN ▶ Alkaline Phosphatase ▶ Adhesion Molecules ▶ Alkanethiol KERSTIN DANKER ▶ Alkyltransferases ▶ Adipogenesis BERND KAINA,MARKUS CHRISTMANN ▶ Adiponectin ▶ ALL ▶ Adjuvant ▶ Allele ▶ ADMET or ADME / Tox ▶ Allele-Specific ▶ Adoptee’s Family Studies ▶ Allelic Association ▶ ADPKD (Autosomal Dominant Polycystic ▶ Allelic Series Kidney Disease) ▶ Allergic Disorders, Genetics ▶ Adrenal Insufficiency ▶ Allergic Drug Reactions ▶ Adrenocorticotropin ▶ Allergy ▶ Adrenoleucodystrophy ▶ Allostery ▶ Adrenomyeloneuropathy ▶ Allotetraploid ▶ Adult Neurogenesis ▶ Allozygous ▶ Adult Onset Polycystic Kidney Disease ▶ Alpha-Antitrypsin ▶ Adult Stem Cells ▶ Alpha-Glucosidase/Alpha-Mannosidase ▶ AER ▶ Alpha-Helix (α-Helix) ▶ Affinity ▶ Alpha-Mannosidase ▶ Affinity Chromatography ▶ Alpha-Oxidation ▶ Affinity Chromatography and In Vitro ▶ Alpharetroviruses Binding (Beads) ▶ Alpharetroviruses CA (Capsid) KONRAD BÜSSOW ▶ Alpha-Tubulin / Beta-Tubulin ▶ Affinity Constant ▶ Alphoid DNA ▶ Affinity Separation ▶ Alternative Splicing ▶ Affinity Tag STEFAN STAMM ▶ Agarose ▶ Alu Repetitive Elements ▶ Aggrecan ▶ Aly/ REF ▶ Aggregation (Chimera) ▶ Alzheimer Dementia ▶ Aggregophore ▶ Alzheimer’s Disease ▶ Aging ULRICH FINCKH ▶ Agonist ▶ AMACR Deficiency ▶ Agouti ▶ Amadori Rearrangement ▶ AGS ▶ AME ▶ AGT ▶ AMH / MIS ▶ AHO ▶ AMHR-II ▶ AIDS ▶ Amide Bonds ▶ AJ ▶ Amide-Linkage ▶ Akt ▶ Amino Acids: Physicochemical Properties ▶ Alagille Syndrome EPHRAIM KATCHALSKI-KATZIR, ▶ Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy RONI KASHER,MATI FRIDKIN ▶ Alcohol Abuse, Consequences ▶ AML ▶ ALD ▶ AMN ▶ Aldosterone ▶ AMP List of Entries 2043

▶ Amphetamine ▶ Antibody Array ▶ Amphipathic ▶ Antibody Chip ▶ Amplification ▶ Antibody Cross Reactivity ▶ Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphic ▶ Anticipation Markers ▶ Anticodon ▶ Amygdala ▶ Anti-Craving Substances ▶ Amyloid ▶ Antigen ▶ Amyloidosis ▶ Antigen Expression ▶ Amyotrophy ▶ Antigen Receptors ▶ Analytical Ultracentrifugation ▶ Antimüllerian Hormone PETER SCHUCK ▶ Anti-Nuclear Autoantibodies ▶ Anaphase ▶ Antiparallel ▶ Anaphase Movement ▶ Antiretroviral Agents ▶ Anaphase Promoting Complex ▶ Antisense (Oligonucleotides) (APC)/Cyclosome ▶ Antisense RNA ▶ ANAs ▶ Antisera ▶ Anchorage Dependence/Independence ▶ AOM ▶ Androgen Insensitivity ▶ Aorta ▶ Androgen Receptor (Gene) ▶ AOTF ▶ Aneuploidy ▶ AP Endonuclease ▶ Angelman Syndrome ▶ AP–1 ▶ Angiofibroma ▶ APC ▶ Angiogenesis ▶ APC KARL H. PLATE ▶ APC/C ▶ Angiogenesis Factors ▶ APCI ▶ Angiogenesis-Dependent Diseases ▶ APH–1 ▶ Angiomyolipoma ▶ Apheresis ▶ Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ▶ Apical Ectodermal Ridge ▶ Ångström (Å) ▶ Apical Junctional Complex ▶ Animal Cap ▶ Apical Membrane ▶ Animal Model ▶ APL ▶ Anionic C-terminal Carboxylate ▶ APOE ▶ Ankyrin Repeat ▶ APO–2 ligand ▶ Anlage ▶ apoE Null (Mutant, Knockout) Mice ▶ Annotation ▶ Apolar ▶ Anomalous Diffraction, Anomalous Scattering ▶ Apolipoprotein ▶ Anomalous Scatterer ▶ Apoptosis ▶ Anomalous Scattering ▶ Apoptosis, Regulation and Clinical ▶ Anomer Implications ▶ ANT1 HANS-UWE SIMON, ▶ Antagonist UWE ZANGEMEISTER-WITTKE ▶ ANT-C ▶ Apoptosome ▶ Antennapedia Complex ▶ APP/App ▶ Anterior Horn Cells ▶ Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess ▶ Anthracyclines ▶ Appositional Growth ▶ Antibody ▶ APR 2044 List of Entries

▶ Aptamer ▶ Atrophia Gyrata ▶ Apurinic or Apyrimidinic (AP) Sites ▶ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ▶ AQP2 ▶ Attenuation ▶ Aquaporin ▶ AUG Translational Start Site ▶ Aquaporin–2 ▶ AU-Rich Elements ▶ Arabinogalactan ▶ Aurora Kinases ▶ Arachnodactyly ▶ Autoantibody ▶ Archimedes Principle ▶ Autoantigen ▶ ARE ▶ Autocorrelation ▶ ARF ▶ Autocrine ▶ Armadillo ▶ Autogenous Translational Control ▶ Arp2/3 Complex ▶ Autoimmune Diseases ▶ Array WESTLEY H. REEVES ▶ ARS ▶ Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ▶ ARVs ▶ Autoimmunity ▶ Arylsulfatase A ▶ Autoinflammatory Disease ▶ Ashkenazi ▶ Automated High Throughput Functional ▶ Asn-Linked Glycosylation Characterization of Human Proteins ▶ Assembly DIETER LINK ▶ Assisted Reproduction ▶ Autonomic Nervous System ▶ Association ▶ Autonomous Transposable Element ▶ Association Studies ▶ Autonomously Replicating Sequence ▶ Association-Dissociation Equilibrium ▶ Autophosphorylation ▶ Aster ▶ Autosomal ▶ Asthma ▶ Autosomal Dominant (Inherited Disorder) ▶ Astral Microtubule ▶ Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia ▶ Astrocyte ▶ Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney ▶ Asymmetric Carbon Atom Disease ▶ Asymmetric Cell Division ▶ Autosomal Recessive (Disorder) ▶ Asymmetric Unit ▶ Autosomal Recessive Spinal Muscular ▶ Asynchronous Replication Atrophy ▶ Ataxia ▶ Autosome ▶ Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) ▶ Auxotrophic ▶ Ataxia Telangiectasia-Like Disease ▶ Avascular ▶ Ataxia Teleangiectasia Mutated Gene ▶ Avidin ▶ Atelosteogenesis ▶ Avidity/Affinity ▶ AT-LD ▶ Axial Element ▶ ATM ▶ Axin/Conductin ▶ Atomic Force Microscopy ▶ Axis Formation – Formation and Function FILIPP OESTERHELT of the Dorsal Organizer ▶ Atopy, Genetics MASAHIKO HIBI SABINE HOFFJAN ▶ Axon ▶ ATP ▶ Axon Guidance ▶ ATPase ▶ Axon Initial Segment ▶ ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters ▶ Axonal Outgrowth ▶ ATP-Dependent Nucleosome Remodelling ▶ B Lymphocyte List of Entries 2045

▶ β-TrCP ▶ Beta-Catenin (β-Catenin) ▶ BAC ▶ Beta-Oxidation ▶ BAC Transgene ▶ Beta-Sheet Oligomers (β-Sheet Oligomer) ▶ Back-Projection ▶ Beta-Sheet Structure (β-Sheet Structure) ▶ Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ▶ Beta-Tubulin ▶ Bacteriophage ▶ bHLH ▶ Bacteriophage Display ▶ bHLH Transcription Factors ▶ Bacteriophage Lambda ▶ Biallelic ▶ Bacteriophage Surface Display ▶ Bicistronic ▶ Bait ▶ Bijvoet Difference ▶ Balancer Chromosome ▶ Bile Acids ▶ Balbiani Ring mRNP ▶ Bile Ducts (Choledochus) ▶ Band Keratopathy ▶ Biliary Atresia ▶ Baroreceptor Reflex/Baroreflex ▶ Bimolecular Process ▶ Barr Body ▶ Binary GAL4-Expression System ▶ Basal Cell Carcinoma ▶ Binding Affinity ▶ Basal Ganglia ▶ Binding Isotherm ▶ Basal Promoter ▶ Bio-Beads ▶ Base Excision Repair ▶ Biochemical Engineering of Glycoproteins MARIA KARTALOU,LEONA D. SAMSON RÜDIGER HORSTKORTE ▶ Basement Membrane (BM) ▶ Biochip ▶ Base-Pairs (bp) ▶ Biochip Technology ▶ Basic Helix-Loop-Helix ▶ Bioconjugation ▶ Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ▶ Bioethics ▶ Basic-Region-Leucine Zipper ▶ Biogerontology ▶ Basolateral Domain ▶ Bioinformatics ▶ Batch Entrez ▶ Biological Membranes ▶ BC1/BC100 THOMAS POMORSKI,ANDREAS HERRMANN ▶ BCC ▶ Biologicals ▶ B-Cell Epitope ▶ Biologics ▶ Bcl–2/Bcl–xL ▶ Biomarker ▶ B-CLL ▶ Biomimetic Ligands ▶ BCR-ABL ▶ Biopanning ▶ BCRP ▶ Biopharmaceuticals ▶ BCYRN1 ▶ Biosensors ▶ BDNF ▶ Bipartite NLS ▶ Bead Models ▶ Bipolar Affective Disorder ▶ Beads MARKUS M. NÖTHEN,SVEN CICHON, ▶ Becker Muscular Dystrophy CHRISTINE SCHMÄL,MARCELLA RIETSCHEL ▶ Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome ▶ Bispecific Antibodies ▶ BER ▶ Bithorax Complex (BX-C) ▶ Bernard-Soulier Syndrome ▶ BLAST ▶ Beta Adrenergic Blocker ▶ BLAST Link ▶ Beta2-Syntrophin/Utrophin Complex ▶ Blastocyst ▶ Beta-Amyloid (β-Amyloid) ▶ Blastocyst Injection ▶ Beta-Blocker (β-Blocker) ▶ Blastomere 2046 List of Entries

▶ BLink ▶ Bud Neck ▶ Blocked 5′ Structure ▶ Bullous (Blistering) ▶ Blocks ▶ Bullous Impetigo ▶ Bloom Syndrome ▶ BX-C EBERHARD PASSARGE ▶ bZip ▶ Blotting ▶ bZIP Proteins ▶ BMP ▶ C Type Lectin Domain ▶ BMPR-IA/-IB ▶ C. Elegans ▶ BMPR–II ▶ C. elegans Genome, Comparative ▶ Boc Chemistry Sequencing ▶ Bone and Cartilage JAGAN SRINIVASAN,RALF J. SOMMER CHRISTINE HARTMANN ▶ C2H2 Zinc Finger Gene ▶ Bone Disease and Skeletal Disorders, ▶ C57BL/6J Genetics ▶ CAAX-Box STEFAN MUNDLOS ▶ CADASIL ▶ Bone Lining Cell ▶ Cadherins ▶ Bone Marrow AKIRA NAGAFUCHI, MASATOSHI TAKEICHI ▶ Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ▶ caenorhabditis elegans ▶ Bootstrapping ▶ Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model ▶ Boundary Conditions Organism for Functional Genomics ▶ Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ADAM ANTEBI ▶ Brachydactyly ▶ Caged Compound ▶ Bragg's Law ▶ Caging Group ▶ Brain ▶ Calcified INGO BECHMANN ▶ Calcium Release Channel ▶ Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ▶ Calnexin ▶ Branchial Arches ▶ Calpain 10 ▶ BRCA ▶ Calreticulin ▶ BRCA1 ▶ Camel as a Model for Functional Genomics ▶ BRCA2 DIRK SAERENS,MIREILLE PELLIS, ▶ BRCT Domain CÉCILE VINCKE,ELS PARDON, ▶ BrdU KATJA CONRATH,SERGE MUYLDERMANS ▶ BRE ▶ Camelid ▶ Breast Cancer ▶ cAMP ROLAND MOLL ▶ Cancer ▶ Breast Cancer Resistance Protein ▶ Cancer Invasion and Metastasis: Cellular, ▶ Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 Molecular and Clinical Aspects ▶ Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 2 MARIA JOSÉ OLIVEIRA,MARC MAREEL, ▶ Bromodomain ANCY LEROY ▶ Bronchial Asthma ▶ Candidate Gene ▶ Bronchospasm ▶ Candidate Gene Approach ▶ Bronzed Diabetes ▶ 5′ Cap ▶ Brown Tumor ▶ Cap/Cap Structure ▶ Brush Border ▶ Capacitation ▶ BSE ▶ Cap-Dependent /Cap-Independent Translation ▶ BTB/Kelch ▶ Capillary Electrophoresis List of Entries 2047

▶ Cap-Independent Translational Control ▶ CCD MARTIN HOLČÍK ▶ CCFDN ▶ Capping Site ▶ CD ▶ Cap-Snatching ▶ CD8 ▶ CAR ▶ CD147 ▶ Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase ▶ CDC42 ▶ Carboxymethylated Dextran ▶ CDGs ▶ Carboxy-Terminal Transactivation Domain ▶ CDK ▶ Carcinoma ▶ cDNA ▶ CARD15 ▶ cDNA (Expression) Library ▶ Cardiac Connexins ▶ cDNA Collection (Full Length) ▶ Cardiac Signaling: Cellular, Molecular and ▶ cDNA Microarray Clinical Aspects ▶ Cdx Genes MICHAEL GOTTHARDT,KATY RADDATZ ▶ ced ▶ Cardiochip ▶ Cell Adhesion CHOONG-CHIN LIEW ▶ Cell Based Assay ▶ Cardiogenesis ▶ Cell Cycle Checkpoints ▶ Cardiomyocyte ▶ Cell Cycle – Overview ▶ Cardiomyopathy LUDGER HENGST,ERICH A. NIGG ▶ Cardiovascular Disease ▶ Cell Death ▶ Cardiovascular DNA Chip ▶ Cell Differentiation ▶ Cardiovascular Microarray ▶ Cell Division ▶ Caretaker Gene CAROLINE BODEN,ULRIKE ZIEBOLD ▶ Cargo ▶ Cell Division Cycle 42 Protein ▶ Carpopedal Spasm ▶ Cell Lineage Specification ▶ Carrier Ethics ▶ Cell Membrane ▶ Carrier Frequency ▶ Cell Migration ▶ Carrier(s) ▶ Cell Motility ▶ Cartilage ▶ Cell Polarity ▶ Cas ELENA CIBRIAN-UHALTE, ▶ Casein Kinase I SALIM ABDELILAH-SEYFRIED ▶ Casein Kinase II (CKII) ▶ Cell Transformation ▶ Caspase ▶ Cellular Disease Model ▶ CAT ▶ Cellular Immune Response ▶ Catalysis ▶ Cellular Localization ▶ Catalytic Antibodies ▶ Cellular Proteomics ▶ Catalytic RNAs ▶ Cellular Senescence MASAYUKI SANO,KAZUNARI TAIRA IGNACIO PALMERO ▶ Cataplexy ▶ CENPs ▶ Catecholamines ▶ Central Element ▶ Catenin ▶ Centromere ▶ Caveolin–1 WILLIAM R. BRINKLEY,SCOTT SLATTERY ▶ CBF ▶ Centrosome ▶ CBP ▶ Centrosome Cycle ▶ CBP (CREB-Binding Protein)/p300 ▶ Cephalochordates ▶ CCALD ▶ Cer 2048 List of Entries

▶ Cerberus ▶ Cholic acid ▶ Cerebellum ▶ Chondroblast ▶ Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome ▶ Chondrocyte ▶ CF ▶ Chondrodysplasia ▶ CF I/CF II ▶ Chorea Huntington ▶ CFTR ▶ Chorea Major ▶ CGH ▶ Chorionic Villus Sampling ▶ Channel Assembly ▶ Choroideremia ▶ Channelopathy ▶ Chromatid ▶ Chaotrope ▶ Chromatin ▶ Chaperone (Proteins) ▶ Chromatin Acetylation ▶ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ANN EHRENHOFER-MURRAY ▶ Charge Coupled Device cDNA ▶ Chromatin Assembly ▶ Charged Coupled Device (CCD) Camera ▶ Chromatin Modifications ▶ Charge-Tagging ▶ Chromatin Remodellers ▶ CHD (Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia) ▶ Chromatin Remodelling ▶ Checkpoint LEONIE RINGROSE ▶ Checkpoint Kinase 2 ▶ Chromatin Remodelling Complexes ▶ Chemical Cross-Linking ▶ Chromatin Remodelling Enzymes ▶ Chemical Exchange ▶ Chromatin Remodelling Factors ▶ Chemical Shift ▶ Chromatographic Procedures ▶ Chemiluminescence ▶ Chromodomain ▶ Chemokine Receptors ▶ Chromophore RICHARD HORUK ▶ Chromoprotein ▶ Chemokines ▶ Chromosomal Aberration ▶ Chemotaxis ▶ Chromosomal Instability Syndromes ▶ Chemotherapy MARTIN DIGWEED ▶ Chenodeoxycholic Acid ▶ Chromosomal Microdeletion Syndromes ▶ Chiasma(ta) ▶ Chromosomal Non-Histone proteins ▶ Childhood Cerebral ALD ▶ Chromosomal Translocation ▶ Chimeras (Chimeric Clones) ▶ Chromosome ▶ Chimeric Antibodies ▶ Chromosome 21, Disorders ▶ Chimeric Clones SAMUEL DEUTSCH, ▶ Chimeric Proteins STYLIANOS E. ANTONARAKIS, ▶ ChIP on Chip ALEXANDRE REYMOND ▶ Chip Technologies, Basic Principles ▶ Chromosome Bands STEFAN WÖLFL ▶ Chromosome Breakage Syndromes ▶ Chirality ▶ Chromosome Condensation ▶ CHK2 ELLADA SAVVIDOU,MARGARETE M. S. HECK ▶ CHN ▶ Chromosome Duplication ▶ 5–Chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU) & ▶ Chromosome Engineering 5–Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) ▶ Chromosome Instability ▶ CHN ▶ Chromosome Passengers ▶ Cholera Toxin ▶ Chronic Airflow Limitation ▶ Cholesterol Efflux ▶ Chronic B-Cell Lymphocytic Leukaemia ▶ Cholesterol Modification ▶ Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia List of Entries 2049

▶ Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease ▶ CLSM ▶ Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ▶ Cluster Analysis ▶ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ▶ Cluster of Differentiation ▶ Chronic Pancreatitis ▶ Clustering ▶ Chylomicron ▶ Clustering of Expression Profiles ▶ Cilia ▶ CMAP ▶ CIN ▶ CML ▶ Circadian ▶ CMS ▶ Circadian Clocks ▶ CMT ACHIM KRAMER ▶ c-Myc ▶ Circumoral Numbness ▶ Coactivator ▶ Cis-Acting Elements ▶ Coactivator Complexes ▶ Cis-Element ▶ Coat Proteins ▶ Cistron ▶ Cocaine ▶ CJD ▶ Cockayne Syndrome (CS) ▶ CK2 ▶ Coding Regions (of the Human Genome) ▶ CKI ▶ Codon ▶ CKI ▶ Codon Redefinition ▶ CKII ▶ Coefficient of Variance in Percent (%CV) ▶ c-KIT ▶ Coenzyme Q ▶ Classification ▶ Cohesin ▶ Classification of Active Centers ▶ Coiled-Coil Domain CORNELIUS FRÖMMEL ▶ Co-Immunoprecipitation ▶ Classification of Expression Profiles ▶ Colchicine ▶ Clathrin ▶ Colinearity Rule

▶ ClCa ▶ Collagen ▶ CldU ▶ Collecting Duct ▶ Cleavable Cross-Linkers ▶ Colonies ▶ Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity ▶ Colony Stimulating Factors Factor ▶ Colorectal Cancer ▶ Cleavage Factor I (CF I)/Cleavage Factor II JÜRGEN BEHRENS,BARBARA LUSTIG (CF II) ▶ Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies ▶ Cleavage Stimulation Factor ▶ Commitment ▶ Cleft Lip Palate ▶ Common (Multifactorial) Diseases MARY L. MARAZITA ▶ Common Diseases, Genetics ▶ Cleidocranial Dysplasia M. JULIA BROSNAN,ANNA F. DOMINICZAK ▶ Clinical Bioinformatics ▶ Common Lymphoid Progenitor ▶ Clinical Gene Transfer ▶ Comparative Genomic Hybridization KLAUS CICHUTEK,MATTHIAS SCHWEIZER, ▶ Comparative Modeling CHRISTIAN BUCHHOLZ,EGBERT FLORY ▶ Compartment Modeling ▶ Clinical Marker Gene ▶ Complement System ▶ Clonal Analysis ▶ Complementary Base ▶ Clones ▶ Complementation ▶ Cloning ▶ Complementation Studies ▶ Cloning Vector ▶ Complex Diseases/Complex (Multigenic) ▶ CLP Traits 2050 List of Entries

▶ Complex Numbers ▶ Constitutive Splicing ▶ Complex Product ▶ Contact Inhibition ▶ Complex-Type ▶ Contact Sites ▶ Compound Heterozygote ▶ Contig Maps ▶ Compulsive Drug Seeking ▶ Contiguous Gene Syndromes ▶ Computational Diagnostics ▶ Contractures RAINER SPANG,FLORIAN MARKOWETZ ▶ Convergence ▶ Concordance (Rate) ▶ Conversion Technology ▶ Condensin ▶ Convolution ▶ Conditional Gene Knockout ▶ Cooperativity ▶ Conditional Gene Targeting ▶ COPD ▶ Conditional Knockout (KO) ▶ COPD and Asthma, Genetics ▶ Conduction-System Disease JIAN-QING HE,ANDREW SANDFORD ▶ Cone-Rod Dystrophies ▶ COPI Vesicles ▶ Cones ▶ COPII Complex/COPII Vesicles ▶ Configuration ▶ Core Binding Factor ▶ Configuration Space ▶ Core Promoters ▶ Confluent Monolayer/Confluence ANANDA L. ROY ▶ Confocal ▶ Coreceptor ▶ Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ▶ Corepressor ▶ Conformation ▶ Corneal Arcus ▶ Conformation of Double-Stranded DNA ▶ Corneal Opacity ▶ Conformational Analysis ▶ Coronary Artery ▶ Conformational Order ▶ Corpus Callosum ▶ Congenic Dissection ▶ Correlation ▶ Congenic Strain ▶ Correlation Analysis ▶ Congenital ▶ Correlative Microscopy ▶ Congenital Disorders in Glycosylation ▶ Cortical Column ▶ Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia ▶ Cortical Granules ▶ Congenital Heart Disease ▶ Cortical Reaction ▶ Congenital Hypomyelinating ▶ Cortical Tuber Neuropathy ▶ Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ▶ Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes ▶ Cosmid ▶ Congestive Heart Failure ▶ COSY ▶ Congressional Movement ▶ Co-Transcriptional Capping ▶ Conjugal Pair ▶ Co-Translational Modification ▶ Connective Tissue ▶ Coulomb Electrostatics ▶ Connexin Channelopathies ▶ Covalent Coupling ▶ Connexins ▶ COX ▶ Consanguinity ▶ CpG ▶ Consensus Map ▶ CpG Islands ▶ Consensus Sequence (Sequon) CHRISTOPH PLASS,LAURA J. RUSH ▶ Conservation ▶ CpG Methylation ▶ Conserved Synteny ▶ CPSF ▶ Constitutive Expression ▶ Craving ▶ Constitutive Mutation ▶ CRC List of Entries 2051

▶ CRE ▶ CVS ▶ Cre ▶ Cyclic AMP Receptor ▶ Cre/loxP Strategies ▶ Cyclin BRIAN SAUER ▶ Cyclin D1 ▶ C-Reactive Protein ▶ Cyclin-Dependent Kinase ▶ Creatine Kinase ▶ Cycling Genes ▶ CREB ▶ Cyclooxygenases ▶ Creb Binding Protein ▶ Cyclopamine ▶ Cre-ERT ▶ Cyclophilins ▶ Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ▶ Cyclosporin A ▶ CRH ▶ Cysteine Proteases ▶ Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome ▶ Cystic Fibrosis (CF) ▶ Crisis ▶ Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance ▶ Cristae Regulator ▶ Cristae Junctions ▶ Cystine Knot ▶ Critical Micellar Concentration ▶ Cytochrome P450 ▶ Crk ▶ Cytochrome C ▶ cRNA ▶ Cytofluorometry ▶ Crohn Disease ▶ Cytogenetic STEFAN SCHREIBER ▶ Cytokine Cluster Region ▶ Cross-Bridge ▶ Cytokine Receptors ▶ Cross-Fostering Studies ▶ Cytokines ▶ Crossing-Over MICHAEL KRACHT,HELMUT HOLTMANN ▶ Cross-Linking Patterns ▶ Cytokinesis ▶ Cross-Linking Reagents ▶ Cytolysis ▶ Cross-Talk ▶ Cytolytic T Lymphocytes ▶ Crossvalidation ▶ Cytoplasm ▶ CRP ▶ Cytoskeletal Linkers ▶ Cryo Electron Crystallography ▶ Cytoskeleton ▶ Cryo-Electron Microscopy: Single-Particle ▶ Cytoskeleton: Microtubules and Reconstruction Intermediate Filaments ROLAND BECKMANN DIETER K. MEYER ▶ Cryo-EM ▶ Cytosol ▶ Cryptic Splice Signals ▶ DA ▶ Cryptochrome ▶ daf ▶ Crystal Lattice ▶ Dalton ▶ Crystal Packing ▶ Dapper (Dpr)/Frodo ▶ Crystalline Disorder ▶ Data Availability ▶ CsA ▶ Data Normalisation ▶ CSF ▶ Data-Mining in Biology, “How to Find a ▶ CstF Needle in a Haystack?” ▶ C-TAD KARYN MÉGY ▶ CTCF ▶ DCM ▶ CTD ▶ DCp ▶ CTL ▶ DCP1/DCP2 ▶ Current-Clamp Recording ▶ DcpS 2052 List of Entries

▶ ddNTP ▶ DHPLC ▶ De Novo (Mutation) ▶ Di- and Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid ▶ De Novo Pathway ▶ Diabetes ▶ Deacylation ▶ Diabetes Insipidus ▶ Deadenylation ▶ Diabetes Insipidus, a Water Homeostasis ▶ Deamination Disease ▶ Death Domain Fold Protein Superfamily MARIEL BIRNBAUMER ▶ Death Inducing Signaling Complex ▶ Diabetes Mellitus ▶ Decision Tree ▶ Diabetes Mellitus, Genetics ▶ Defective Protein Folding Disorders DONALD W. BOWDEN CLAUDIO SOTO ▶ Diabetes Polyuria ▶ Degragation signals ▶ Diagnostic Gene Testing ▶ Dejerine-Sottas Neuropathy ▶ Diaphragm ▶ Deletion ▶ Diaphysis ▶ Deletion Loop ▶ Diastole ▶ Delta l-Like (Dll) 1,3,4 ▶ Diastrophic Dysplasia ▶ Dementia Praecox ▶ Dicentric Chromosomes ▶ Demyelination ▶ Dichromatic Beamsplitter ▶ Denaturing High-Performance Liquid ▶ Dickkopf Chromatography ▶ DI-CMT ▶ Dendrites ▶ Dictyostelium Discoideum ▶ Dendritic Extensions ▶ Differential Display ▶ Dendritic Protein Synthesis ▶ Differential in-Gel Electrophoresis ▶ Dentatorubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy ▶ Differential Scanning Calorimetry ▶ Deoxyhexose T. REINISCH,J.RÖSGEN,H.-J.HINZ ▶ Deoxyribophosphate Lyase ▶ Differentially Methylated Region ▶ Dependence ▶ Differentiation ▶ Depolarization ▶ Diffraction Intensities ▶ Depurination ▶ Diffusion ▶ Dermal Papilla ▶ DIGE ▶ Dermis ▶ DiGeorge / Velocardiofacial Syndrome ▶ Dermomyotome ▶ Dihydrofolate Reductase ▶ Des Species ▶ Dilated Cardiomyopathy ▶ Desferrioxamine ▶ Dimer ▶ Desmal Ossification ▶ Dioxygenases, Monooxygenases and Oxidases ▶ Desmosomes ▶ Diploid AMANDA E. BASS,KATHLEEN J. GREEN ▶ Diploid Genome ▶ Desorption ▶ DISC ▶ Destruction Complex ▶ Discordance / Discordant ▶ Detergent ▶ Discovery Approach ▶ Developmental Timing ▶ Disease Models ▶ Devic’s Disease ▶ Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs ▶ DG ▶ Dishevelled ▶ DG / VCFS ▶ Dispersive Difference ▶ DH ▶ Dissolution Point ▶ DHF ▶ Distributive and Processive DNA Synthesis List of Entries 2053

▶ Disulfide Regeneration ▶ DNA Relaxation ▶ Disulfide Reshuffling ▶ DNA Repair ▶ Disulfide Species ▶ DNA Repair Mechanisms ▶ Disulfide-Insecure Species WOLFGANG GOEDECKE ▶ Disulfide-Protected Species ▶ DNA Replication ▶ Disulfide-Secure Species ▶ DNA Replication Initiation ▶ Diuretics MASATOSHI FUJITA ▶ Dizygotic ▶ DNA Structure ▶ Dkk ▶ DNA Topoisomerases ▶ DM JOHN L. NITISS, ▶ DM Domain ALEXANDER STEPANOV ▶ DM1 ▶ DNA-based Vaccination ▶ DM2 REINHOLD SCHIRMBECK,MARTIN SCHLEEF, ▶ DMPK JÖRG REIMANN ▶ DMR ▶ DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase I ▶ DMs ▶ DnaJ ▶ DNA ▶ dNTPs ▶ DNA Amplification ▶ DOCK-180 ERHARD WINTERSBERGER ▶ Docking ▶ DNA Arrays ▶ Dolichol ▶ DNA Binding Domains ▶ Domain ▶ DNA Catenanes ▶ Domain Fold ▶ DNA Chips ▶ Dominant ▶ DNA Chip Technology ▶ Dominant Allele ▶ DNA Conformations ▶ Dominant Inhibitory Mutant / Dominant ▶ DNA Damaging Agents Negative Mutant BERND KAINA,GERHARD FRITZ ▶ Dominant Mutation ▶ DNA Damaging Agents ▶ Dominant Negative Mutation ▶ DNA Double-Strand Break Repair ▶ Donor ▶ DNA Gyrase ▶ Dopamine ▶ DNA Helicases ▶ Dopamine Replacement Therapy NAYEF A. MAZLOUM,NATHAN A. ELLIS ▶ Dopamine Responsive Parkinsonism ▶ DNA Lesion ▶ Dormancy ▶ DNA Ligases ▶ Dosage Compensation ALESSANDRA MONTECUCCO,ROSSELLA ROSSI ▶ Doss Porphyria ▶ DNA Marker ▶ Double Mutant ▶ DNA Methylation ▶ Double-Strand Break Repair ▶ DNA Microarrays / DNA Arrays ALBERT PASTINK, ▶ DNA Polymerase Switch MAŁGORZATA Z. ZDZIENICKA ▶ DNA Polymerase d Holoenzyme ▶ Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein ▶ DNA Polymerases Kinase HEINZ-PETER NASHEUER,HELMUT POSPIECH, ▶ Double-Stranded RNA-Mediated Gene JUHANI SYVÄOJA Silencing ▶ DNA Primase ▶ Down Syndrome ▶ DNA Recombination ▶ Downstream JEAN-MARIE BUERSTEDDE ▶ DPE 2054 List of Entries

▶ Drosophila as a Model Organism for ▶ ECG Functional Genomics ▶ ECM MARC HILD,RENATO PARO ▶ Ectodomain Shedding ▶ Drosophila as a Model to Study Cardiac ▶ Ectopia Lentis Disease Genes ▶ EEG ROLF BODMER,ETHAN BIER ▶ EF Hand ▶ Drosophila Melanogaster ▶ Effector ▶ DRPLA ▶ EGF ▶ Drug Abuse ▶ EGFP ▶ Drug Substitution and Anti-Craving ▶ EGFR Medication ▶ Egg ▶ Drug Target ▶ eIF–4F ▶ Drug Tolerance ▶ EJC ▶ Drug-Seeking Behavior ▶ Electrical Pacing ▶ Drusen ▶ Electrocardiogram (ECG)/Electrocardiography ▶ DS ▶ Electromechanical Coupling ▶ DSC ▶ Electron Beam Deposition ▶ DSL-Family ▶ Electron Crystallography ▶ DSN ▶ Electron Density ▶ Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ▶ Electron Microscopy ERYNN S. GORDON,ERIC P. H OFFMAN ▶ Electron Multiplying CCD Camera ▶ Duplication ▶ Electron Tomography ▶ Dural Ectasia MANFRED AUER ▶ Duty Cycle ▶ Electronic Transition Energy ▶ Dvl ▶ Electrophoresis ▶ Dynamic Instability ▶ Electroporation ▶ Dynamic Mutation ▶ Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ▶ Dynamic Range ▶ ELISA ▶ Dysautonomia ▶ EM ▶ Dyshormogenesis ▶ EMBL ▶ Dyslipidemia ▶ Embryo Transfer ▶ Dysmyelination ▶ Embryoid Body ▶ Dysostoses ▶ Embryonic Lethality ▶ Dystroglycan ▶ Embryonic Stem Cell ▶ Dystrophia Myotonica ▶ EMCCD ▶ Dystrophin ▶ Emission Spectrum ▶ Dystrophin Glycoprotein Complex ▶ EMT ▶ E2F ▶ 5′ End/3′ End ▶ E3–Ubiquitin Ligase ▶ 5' End Processing ▶ Early Pressure ▶ Endocarditis ▶ EBD ▶ Endochondral ▶ EBI ▶ Endocrine ▶ E-Box ▶ Endocrine Cells ▶ EC ▶ Endocytic Pathway ▶ ECD ▶ Endocytosis ▶ Ecdysone ▶ Endoderm List of Entries 2055

▶ Endogenous Proviruses ▶ Epithelial Cells ▶ Endonuclease APARNA LAKKARAJU, ▶ Endoplasmic Reticulum ENRIQUE RODRIGUEZ-BOULAN ▶ Endosomal Compartment ▶ Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition ▶ Endosome ▶ Epitope ▶ Endosteum ▶ Epitope Tag ▶ Endothelial Cells ▶ EPR ▶ Endothelium ▶ EPSP/IPSP ▶ Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein ▶ Epstein-Barr Virus ▶ Enhanceosome ▶ Equilibrium ▶ Enhancer ▶ ER WALTER SCHAFFNER ▶ ERK ▶ Enhancer Trap ▶ ERM Protein ▶ Enhancer/Suppressor Screens ▶ Erythropoietic Porphyrias ▶ Enophthalmos ▶ Erythropoietic Protoporphyria ▶ Ensemble Average ▶ Erythropoietin ▶ Enteric Nervous System ▶ ES Cell Differentiation as a Model System ▶ Enterobacteriaceae for Functional Genomics ▶ Enthalpy/Enthalpy Change (DH) KENNETH R. BOHELER ▶ Entrainment ▶ ES Cells ▶ Entrez ▶ ESCRT ▶ Entropy Change (DS) ▶ ESE ▶ ENU ▶ ESI ▶ env ▶ ESI-MS ▶ Envelope ▶ Essential Hypertension ▶ Enzyme Catalyzed Post-Translational ▶ EST Hydroxylation of Proteins ▶ Estrogen Receptor CHRISTOPHER SCHOFIELD, ▶ Etherphospholipids THOMAS MURRAY-RUST ▶ Ethical Issues in Medical Genetics ▶ Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay HANS MARTIN SASS ▶ Enzymes ▶ Etiology ▶ Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ▶ Euchromatin ▶ Epidermis ▶ Evanescent Electric Field ▶ Epidermolysis Bullosa (Simplex) ▶ Evolution Time ▶ Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis ▶ Evolutionary Conservation ▶ Epidermolytic Palmoplantar Keratoderma ▶ Ex Vivo ▶ Epigenetic (Epigenetics) ▶ Excitable membranes ▶ Epigenetic Determinants ▶ Excitation Spectrum ▶ Epigenetic Modification ▶ Exclusion ▶ Epiglottis ▶ Executive Function ▶ Epiphysis ▶ Exocrine Cells ▶ Epistasis ▶ Exocyst ▶ Epistasis Group ▶ Exocytic Pathway ▶ Epistasis in Cystic Fibrosis ROMAN S. POLISHCHUK, FRANCESCO SALVATORE,GIUSEPPE CASTALDO ALEXANDER A. MIRONOV,ALBERTO LUINI ▶ Epithelia ▶ Exocytosis 2056 List of Entries

▶ Exon ▶ Familial Spastic Paraplegia ▶ Exon Junction Complex ▶ Fanconi Anaemia ▶ Exon / Intron Junction ▶ FAP ▶ Exonic Sequence Element ▶ Farnesyl ▶ Exonic Splicing Enhancer/Silencer ▶ Farnesylation ▶ Exonuclease ▶ FAS ▶ Exosome ▶ Fas Signaling ▶ Export Adapters ▶ Fas-Associated Death Domain ▶ Export Receptors ▶ Fast Exchange Limit ▶ Exportin ▶ FASTA ▶ Expressed Sequence Tag ▶ Fat Metabolism ▶ Expression ▶ Fatty Acid Acylation of Proteins ▶ Expression Difference Mapping MICHAEL VEIT,MICHAEL F.G. SCHMIDT ▶ Expression Landscape / Mountains ▶ FCMD ▶ Expression Profile ▶ Feedback ▶ Expression Screening ▶ FEP ▶ Expression System ▶ Fermentation ▶ Expression Vector/Expression Construct ▶ Ferritin ▶ Expressivity ▶ Fertilization ▶ Extinction Coefficient (e) ▶ FEVR ▶ Extracellular Matrix ▶ FG Repeats JAN F. TALTS,PETER EKBLOM ▶ FGF ▶ Extrachromosomal Elements ▶ Fibrinolysis ▶ Ezrin ▶ Fibroblast ▶ Fabrication GIULIO GABBANI ▶ Fabry Disease ▶ Fibronectin ▶ FACS ▶ FID ▶ F-Actin ▶ FIH ▶ Factor Inhibiting HIF–1 ▶ Filaggrin ▶ FAD ▶ Filamentous Actin ▶ FADD ▶ Filopodia ▶ FAK ▶ Filtering ▶ False Positives/False Negatives ▶ Fingerprint/Fingerprinting ▶ Familial Adenomatous Polyposis ▶ FISH ▶ Familial Aggregation ▶ Fission Yeast ▶ Familial Alzheimer Disease ▶ Fitness ▶ Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ▶ Fixation ▶ Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia ▶ FK506 (Tacrolimus) ▶ Familial DCM ▶ FKBP12 ▶ Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy ▶ FLAG-Tag DIANE FATKIN ▶ FlAsH/ReAsH System ▶ Familial Endocrinopathy ▶ Flexible Docking ▶ Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy ▶ FLIM ▶ Familial Hypercholesterolemia ▶ Flippase HENRICK K. JENSEN,TROND P. L EREN ▶ Flow Cytometry ▶ Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ▶ Floxed List of Entries 2057

▶ FLP/FRT System ▶ Förster Resonance Energy Transfer ▶ FLT3 MARTIN BEUTLER, ▶ Fluorescence RAINER HEINTZMANN ▶ Fluorescence Anisotropy ▶ Forward Genetics ▶ Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy ▶ Fos PETRA SCHWILLE ▶ Founder (Gene) Effect ▶ Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ▶ Founder Mutation ▶ Fluorescence Labelling ▶ Fourier Shell Correlation ▶ Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ▶ Fourier Transform ▶ Fluorescence Microscopy ▶ Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance ▶ Fluorescence Microscopy: Single Particle Mass Spectrometer Tracking ▶ Fovea ULRICH KUBITSCHECK ▶ Fox Genes or Proteins ▶ Fluorescence Microscopy: Spectral Imaging ▶ Fps vs. Filter-based Imaging ▶ Fragile Site M. CRISTINA CARDOSO ▶ Fragile X Mental Retardation Syndrome ▶ Fluorescence Quantum Yield PETER STEINBACH ▶ Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching ▶ Fragile X Syndrome ▶ Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ▶ Fragile X(A) Syndrome ▶ Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter ▶ Fragment-Based Ligand Design ▶ Fluorescent Proteins ▶ Frame (+1 Frame/-1 Frame) ▶ Fluorochrome ▶ Frameshift (Mutation) ▶ 5–Fluoroorotic Acid ▶ Frameshift Stimulator Sequences ▶ 5–FOA ▶ Frameshift Suppression/Suppressor ▶ Fluorophore ▶ FRAP ▶ FlyBase ▶ FRAP and Other Photobleaching ▶ Fmoc Chemistry Methods ▶ FMR Protein ERIK LEE SNAPP ▶ FMR1 Knockout Mouse ▶ Frasier Syndrome ▶ fmr1/ FMR1 ▶ FRAXA ▶ fMRI ▶ Free Energy ▶ FMRP ▶ Free Energy Change (dG) ▶ FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Gene ▶ Free Energy Perturbation ▶ Focal Adhesions ▶ Free Induction Decay BERHARD WEHRLE-HALLER, ▶ Free Radicals BEAT A. IMHOF LEOPOLD FLOHÉ,HEIKE BUDDE ▶ Focal Complexes/Focal Contacts ▶ FRET ▶ Folding Funnel ▶ Frictional Ratio ▶ Follicle ▶ Friedreich Ataxia ▶ Follicle Stimulating Hormone ▶ Frizzled ▶ Fölling Disease ▶ FSC ▶ Force Field ▶ FSH ▶ Force Generation ▶ FTI ▶ Force Transmission ▶ FT-ICR ▶ Forkhead Genes or Proteins ▶ Fukutin 2058 List of Entries

▶ Fukuyama Myopathy ▶ GEF ▶ Full Mutation ▶ 2D-Gel Electrophoresis ▶ Full-Length cDNA ▶ Gelsolin ▶ Full-Length cDNA Sequencing ▶ Gemins STEFAN WIEMANN,REGINA ALBERT, ▶ GenBank PETRA MOOSMAYER,INGO SCHUPP ▶ Gene ▶ Full-Size cDNA ▶ Gene Annotation in Plants ▶ Functional Assays S. ROMBAUTS,Y.VAN DE PEER, JEREMY C. SIMPSON PIERRE ROUZÉ ▶ Functional Group ▶ Gene Chip Technology ▶ Functional Imaging ▶ Gene Chip Technology and Its Application BURKHARD WIESNER to Molecular Medicine ▶ Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging HEIKE ZIMDAHL,NORBERT HÜBNER (fMRI) ▶ Gene Cluster ▶ Functional Proteomics ▶ Gene Conversion ▶ Functional Studies ▶ Gene Dosage Analysis ▶ Furin ▶ Gene Duplications ▶ Fusion SEBASTIAN M. SHIMELD ▶ Fusion Domain ▶ Gene Expression ▶ Fusion Proteins ▶ Gene Expression Data Analysis: ▶ Fusion Tag Classification ▶ Fyn ▶ Gene Expression Data Analysis: Supervised ▶ FzB Analysis ▶ G4 DNA ▶ Gene Expression Data Analysis: Unsupervised ▶ GABA Analysis ▶ Gag ▶ Gene Expression Data Matrix ▶ Gain-of-Function Mutations ▶ Gene Expression Profile ▶ Gain-of-Function Screens ▶ Gene Gun ▶ GAL4–Expression System ▶ Gene Mapping ▶ Gamates ▶ Gene Ontology ▶ Gamma Rays ▶ Gene Silencing ▶ Gammaretroviruses ▶ Gene Silencing by Double-Stranded RNA ▶ Gammaretroviruses IN (Integrase) ▶ Gene Targeting ▶ Gamma-Secretase (Complex) ▶ Gene Therapy ▶ Gap ▶ Gene Trapping ▶ Gap Junctions ▶ Gene-Based Therapies W. HOWARD EVANS ▶ Gene-Environment Interaction ▶ GAPs ▶ Gene-Gene Interaction ▶ GAR Motif ▶ General Transcription Factors ▶ Gas Chromatography (GC) ▶ Genetic Algorithm ▶ Gastrulation ▶ Genetic Background ▶ Gatekeeper Genes ROBERT GERLAI ▶ Gating ▶ Genetic Code ▶ GBP/FRAT JEAN LEHMANN ▶ GDIs ▶ Genetic Counselling List of Entries 2059

▶ Genetic Distance ▶ Genotyping ▶ Genetic Epidemiology ▶ Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate MICHAEL KRAWCZAK ▶ Germ Cells ▶ Genetic Hearing Disorder ▶ Germinal Vesicle ▶ Genetic Heterogeneity ▶ Germline (Gonadal) Mosaicism ▶ Genetic Immunization ▶ Germline Mutation ▶ Genetic Interactions ▶ Germline Transmission ▶ Genetic Map ▶ GFACT Expression screening ▶ Genetic Modification ▶ GFAP ▶ Genetic Polymorphism ▶ GFFKR Domain ▶ Genetic Predisposition to Multiple ▶ GFP Sclerosis ▶ GGA Proteins ALASTAIR COMPSTON ▶ Giga-Seal ▶ Genetic Redundancy ▶ Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia ▶ Genetic Screen ▶ GLI ▶ Genetic Screening in Populations ▶ Glial Cells VILMUNDUR GUDNASON ▶ Glial Cells and Myelination ▶ Genetic X-Linked Disease HAUKE WERNER,KLAUS-ARMIN NAVE ▶ Genetically Engineered Animals ▶ Global Genome Repair ▶ Genome ▶ Glomerular Filtrate ▶ Genome Analysis in Plants ▶ Glomerulonephritis ▶ Genome Engineering ▶ Glomerulus ▶ Genome Functionalization by Arrayed cDNA ▶ Glucocorticoid/Mineralocorticoid Receptors Transduction ▶ Glucocorticoid/Mineralocorticoid Resistance ▶ Genome Instability ▶ Glucocorticoids ▶ Genome Scan ▶ Glutamate ▶ Genome Screen ▶ Glutathione Peroxidase ▶ Genome Walking ▶ Glycan ▶ Genome-Wide Analysis ▶ Glycated Protein ▶ Genomic Analysis of Single Disseminated ▶ Glycine Cancer Cells ▶ Glycoconjugate CHRISTOPH A. KLEIN ▶ Glycoform ▶ Genomic Clone ▶ Glycogen Synthase Kinase–3 ▶ Genomic Control ▶ Glycohemoglobin ▶ Genomic Imprinting ▶ Glycolysis TAKUYA IMAMURA,ANDRAS PALDI ▶ Glycoprotein ▶ Genomic Information and Cancer ▶ Glycoproteomics TRAVIS DUNCKLEY,KEITH D. COON, ▶ Glycosaminoglycan DIETRICH A. STEPHAN ▶ Glycosidic Linkage ▶ Genomic Instability ▶ Glycosylase ▶ Genomics ▶ Glycosylation of Proteins ▶ Genomics RICHARD D. CUMMINGS ▶ Genotoxin ▶ Glycosylphosphatidylinositol ▶ Genotype Anchors ▶ Genotype-Driven Approach ▶ Glycosyltransferase ▶ Genotype-Phenotype Correlations ▶ Glyoxylate 2060 List of Entries

▶ Glypidation ▶ Hair Bulge ▶ Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Complex) ▶ Hair Matrix ▶ Gomori Trichrome ▶ Hairpin End ▶ Gonadal Mosaicism ▶ Hairpin Ribozyme ▶ Gonadotropin Deficiency ▶ Half-Life ▶ Gonadotropins ▶ Hamartoma ▶ Gordon’s Syndrome ▶ Hammerhead Ribozyme ▶ Gorlin’s Syndrome ▶ Haploid ▶ GPCRs ▶ Haploid Analysis ▶ G-Phase ▶ Haploinsufficiency ▶ GPI (-Anchored) Protein ▶ Haplotype ▶ GPIIb/IIIa Complex ▶ Haplotype Block ▶ G-Protein Coupled Proteolytic Site ▶ Hapten ▶ G-Protein Coupled Receptors ▶ Harker Section ▶ G-Proteins ▶ Hayflick Limit ▶ G-Proteins and G-Protein Mutations in ▶ HCAb Human Diseases ▶ HCC THOMAS GUDERMANN ▶ HCM ▶ GPx ▶ HCS ▶ G-Quartet DNA ▶ HD ▶ Graafian Follicles ▶ HDAC ▶ Grade of Malignancy ▶ HDAC Inhibitor(s) ▶ Granulation Tissue ▶ HDL ▶ Granuloma ▶ Health Literacy ▶ Granulomatosis ▶ Heart ▶ GRAS INGO MORANO ▶ Grb2 ▶ Heat Capacity Change ▶ Green Fluorescent Protein ▶ Heat Shock ▶ Greig’s Cephalopolysyndactyly ▶ Heat Shock Protein ▶ Growth Factor Receptors ▶ Heat Shock Response ▶ Growth Factors ▶ Heavy-Chain Antibody ULF HEDIN,JOY ROY ▶ HECT-Domain ▶ Growth Hormone Deficiency ▶ Hedgehog ▶ Growth Plate ▶ Hedgehog Signalling ▶ Gamma-Secretase (Complex) CAROL WICKING,TIMOTHY M. EVANS ▶ GSK3 ▶ Helicases ▶ GST ▶ Helix ▶ GST Pull-Down Experiment ▶ Helix Boundary Motif ▶ GTP ▶ Helix Initiation ▶ GTPase-Activating Proteins ▶ Helix Initiation Peptide Helix Termination ▶ GTPases Peptide ▶ Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors ▶ Helix Notation ▶ Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ▶ Helix Propagation ▶ Gut Epithelium ▶ Helix Termination Peptide MICHÈLE KEDINGER,JEAN-NOËL FREUND ▶ Helix-Loop-Helix ▶ Hair ▶ Helix-Turn-Helix List of Entries 2061

▶ Helix-Turn-Helix Transcription Factors ▶ Heterologous Inducers ▶ Helper Phage ▶ Heterologous Promoter Control ▶ Hematopoiesis ▶ Heteronuclear NMR Experiments ▶ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor ▶ Heteronuclear RNP Proteins Cells ▶ Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence ▶ Hemichannels ▶ Heteroplasmy ▶ Hemidesmosomes ▶ Heterotrimeric Guanine Nucleotide-Binding SANDY H.M. LITJENS,ARNOUD SONNENBERG Protein ▶ Hemizygous ▶ Heterozygote (Heterozygous) ▶ Hemochromatosis ▶ Hexosamine ERNEST BEUTLER ▶ Hexose ▶ Hemophilia A ▶ HFE ▶ Hemophilia B ▶ HGPRT ▶ Heparin Sulfate Proteoglycans ▶ HH ▶ Hepatitis B Virus ▶ HH Receptor ▶ Hepatocellular Carcinoma ▶ HHV-8 ▶ Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4a ▶ Hidden Markov Models ▶ HER1 ▶ Hierarchical Clustering ▶ Hereditary Cancer ▶ HIF ▶ Hereditary Coproporphyria ▶ HIF-Prolyl-Hydroxylase ▶ Hereditary Disease, Genetic Basis ▶ HIF-α JÖRG SCHMIDTKE ▶ High Content Screening ▶ Hereditary Hemostatic Defects and ▶ High Content Screening Recombinant Proteins for Treatment ▶ High Mannose-Type ELISABETH ERHARDTSEN ▶ High Performance Liquid Chromatography ▶ Hereditary Motor Neuropathies ▶ High Throughput Functional Cell-Based ▶ Hereditary Neuropathies, Motor and/or Screening Sensory ▶ High-Density Lipoprotein BERND RAUTENSTRAUß, JAMES R. LUPSKI, ▶ High-HDL Syndrome EVA NELIS AKIHIRO INAZU,HIROSHI MABUCHI ▶ Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to ▶ High-Mobility-Group Transcription Factor Pressure Palsies ▶ High-Throughput Analysis of Gene ▶ Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Function in Mammalian Cells Using PÄIVI PELTOMÄKI Transfected Cell Arrays ▶ Hereditary Sensory Neuropathies DOMINIQUE VANHECKE,MICHAL JANITZ ▶ Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemia ▶ High-Throughput-Screening ▶ Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia ▶ Hippocampus EVAN REID ▶ His-Tag/6xHis ▶ Heritability ▶ Histocompatibility ▶ Heritable Skin Disorders ▶ Histone GABRIELE RICHARD,JOUNI UITTO ▶ Histone Acetylation ▶ Heroin ▶ Histone Acetyltransferases ▶ Heterochromatin ▶ Histone Code ▶ Heterodimer/Heterodimeric protein ▶ Histone Deacetylase ▶ Heterogeneous, Genetically/Heterogeneity, ▶ Histone Methylation Genetic ▶ Histone Methyltransferase 2062 List of Entries

▶ Histone Octamer ▶ Hox Genes ▶ HIV–1 ▶ HpaII Tiny Fragments ▶ HLA ▶ HPLC ▶ HLA and Disease ▶ HPRT Vector KATSUSHI TOKUNAGA ▶ HRR ▶ HLH ▶ HS(A)N ▶ HMG Box ▶ HSCs/HPCs ▶ HMM ▶ HSF ▶ HMN ▶ HSN ▶ HMSN ▶ HSP ▶ HNA ▶ Hsp90 ▶ HNF4A Gene ▶ HSPGs ▶ HNPCC ▶ HSQC ▶ HNPP ▶ HSRs ▶ hnRNA ▶ HSSP Database ▶ Holiday Junction ▶ HTF Islands ▶ Holoprosencephaly ▶ HTH ▶ HOM-C ▶ HTLV ▶ Homeobox ▶ Htr ▶ Homeobox Genes ▶ HTS ▶ Homeobox Transcription Factor ▶ HuCAL® ▶ Homeodomains ▶ Human Genome (Sequence) Project MARY TRUSCOTT,ALAIN NEPVEU ▶ Human Herpesvirus Type 8 ▶ Homeostasis ▶ Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 ▶ Homeotic Genes ▶ Human Leukocyte Antigens ▶ Homeotic Mutations ▶ Human Repetitive DNA ▶ Homogeneous Assay ADAM PAVLICEK,VLADIMIR V. K APITONOV, ▶ Homologous Recombination JERZY JURKA ▶ Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) ▶ Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus ▶ Homology ▶ Humanization ▶ Homology Modeling ▶ Humanized Antibodies MICHAEL NILGES ▶ Humoral Immune Response ▶ Homology-Derived Secondary Structure of ▶ Huntington Chorea Proteins Database ▶ Huntington’s Disease ▶ Homonuclear NMR Experiments STEFAN WIECZOREK,JÖRG T. EPPLEN ▶ Homophilic Binding ▶ HUPO ▶ Homozygosity Mapping ▶ Hybridization Probes ▶ Homozygote/Homozygous ▶ Hybridization ▶ Horizontal Transmission ▶ Hydrogel ▶ Hormone(s) ▶ Hydrogen Bond ▶ Horseradish Peroxidase ▶ Hydrolysis ▶ Host Genome ▶ Hydropathy ▶ Hotspot Mutation ▶ Hydrophilic-/Hydrophobic Cross-Linkers ▶ Housekeeping Genes ▶ Hydrophobic ▶ Hox Cluster ▶ Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ▶ Hox Code ▶ Hydrophobic Interactions List of Entries 2063

▶ Hydrophobicity ▶ I/A Domain ▶ Hydroxyl ▶ IAP ▶ Hydroxylase ▶ IAP ▶ Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein ▶ IBD ▶ Hyper- and Hypoparathyroidism ▶ ICAM GEOFFREY N. HENDY ▶ ICAT ▶ Hypercalcemia of Malignancy ▶ ICAT ▶ Hyperferritinemia Cataract Syndrome ▶ I-Cell Disease ▶ Hyperglycemia ▶ ICG-HNPCC ▶ Hyperkeratosis ▶ Ichthyosis ▶ Hypermethylation ▶ Ichthyosis Bullosa of Siemens ▶ Hyperparathyroidism ▶ Ichthyosis Hystrix Curth-Macklin ▶ Hyperphagia ▶ Identity-by-Descent ▶ Hyperphosphorylation ▶ Idiopathic ▶ Hyperpolarization ▶ Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions ▶ Hypersensitivity Drug Reactions JACK UETRECHT ▶ Hypertension ▶ IEF ▶ Hyperthyroidism ▶ Ig Domain ▶ Hyperthyroxinemia ▶ IGF 1

▶ Hypertriglyceridemia ▶ IgVH ▶ Hypertrophic Chondrocyte ▶ IHC ▶ Hypertrophy ▶ IL ▶ Hypnagogic Hallucinations ▶ IL-6 Family ▶ Hypocholesterolemia ▶ IMAC ▶ Hypochondroplasia ▶ Image Analysis ▶ Hypocretins ▶ Imatinib Mesylate ▶ Hypogammaglobulinemia ▶ Imidazolium ▶ Hypoglossal Cord ▶ Immediate Early Genes ▶ Hypogonadism ▶ Immobilized Metal-Affinity Chromatography ▶ Hypoinsulinemic ▶ Immobilized pH Gradients ▶ Hypokalemia ▶ Immortalisation ▶ Hypomethylation ▶ Immune Cells ▶ Hypomorph/Hypomorphic Mutation ▶ Immune System ▶ Hypopituitarism ▶ Immune Tolerance ▶ Hypospadias ▶ Immunity ▶ Hypothalamic and Pituitary ▶ Immunization, Active and Passive Diseases, Genetics ▶ Immunoblot SALLY RADOVICK, ▶ Immunochemical Methods, Localization ELIZABETH A. ROCHOWICZ LEE BERGMAN,STEPHANIE BECHTEL, ▶ Hypothyroidism STEFAN WIEMANN ▶ Hypoxanthine-Guanine-Phosphoribosyl- ▶ Immunocytochemistry Transferase ▶ Immunofluorescence ▶ Hypoxia Inducible Factors ▶ Immunogenic TILL ACKER ▶ Immunoglobulin ▶ Hypoxia/Normoxia ▶ Immunoglobulin-Fold ▶ Hypoxic Response ▶ Immunohistochemistry 2064 List of Entries

▶ Immunological Dysbalance ▶ Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ▶ Immunological Methods, the Use of ▶ Initiation Complex Antibodies to Discover the Function of Novel ▶ Initiator Gene Products ▶ INK4a/ARF MARKUS ENZELBERGER,THOMAS VON RÜDEN ▶ Innate Adjuvants ▶ Immunophilins and Cyclophilins ▶ Innate Immunity ▶ Immunoprecipitation ▶ Inner Boundary Membrane ▶ Immunoproteomics ▶ Inner Ear ▶ Immunostaining ▶ Innexins ▶ Immunosuppressant ▶ Inr ▶ Impedance ▶ Insertion ▶ Importin ▶ Insertion/Deletion Loop ▶ Imprinting ▶ Insertional (Oncogen) Activation ▶ In Silico (Procedures) ▶ Insertional Activation/Inactivation ▶ In Situ Hybridization ▶ Insulator ▶ In Vitro ▶ Insulin ▶ In Vitro Binding (Beads) ▶ Insulin Dependent Diabetes ▶ In Vitro Fertilization ▶ Insulin Receptor ▶ In Vivo ▶ Insulin Resistance ▶ In Vivo Imaging of Transgenic Mice with ▶ Integrale Membrane Proteins Fluorescent Protein Expression ▶ Integrase FRITJOF HELMCHEN,FRANK KIRCHHOFF ▶ Integration ▶ Inbred Strain/Inbreeding ▶ Integrin Ligand ▶ Incidence ▶ Integrin Signaling ▶ Inclusion Body LAWRENCE E. GOLDFINGER, ▶ Indifferent Embryonic Gonad MARK H. GINSBERG ▶ Indirect Readout ▶ Integrin-Associated Protein ▶ Induced Fit ▶ Integrins ▶ Inducible Expression ▶ Intein ▶ Ineffective Erythropoiesis ▶ Intensified CCD Camera ▶ Infantile Refsum Disease ▶ ICCD Camera ▶ Infantile Spasm ▶ Interaction Chromatography ▶ Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy ▶ Interaction Discovery MappingTM™ ▶ Inflammation ▶ Interaction Map ▶ Inflammatory Response ▶ Interaction Trap AHMED SHERIFF,MARTIN HERRMANN, ▶ Interactome REINHARD E. VOLL,UDO S. GAIPL, ▶ Intercalated Disc JOACHIM R. KALDEN ▶ Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ▶ Informational Property Right ▶ Intercellular Junctions ▶ Informed Consent ▶ Interference ▶ Informed Contract ▶ Interference Filter ▶ In-Frame Deletion ▶ Interferon ▶ Inherited Mental Retardation Syndromes ▶ Interferon-Regulatory NIELS TOMMERUP Factor 1 ▶ Inherited Neurodegenerative Disease ▶ Interleukin–1 Receptor Associated Kinase ▶ Inhibitor of β-Catenin and TCF–4 ▶ Interleukins List of Entries 2065

▶ Interleukins and Their Receptors, a Role in ▶ Isotonic Contraction Regulating Hematopoietic Stem Cells ▶ Isotope Labeling CLAUDIA ORELIO,ELAINE DZIERZAK ▶ Isozymes ▶ Intermediate Filaments ▶ ITC E. BIRGITTE LANE ▶ ITIM ▶ Intermediate Mesoderm ▶ Jag1 and 2 ▶ Intermembrane Space ▶ Jagged 1 and 2 ▶ Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites ▶ JAK ▶ Interneuron ▶ JAK/STAT ▶ Internode ▶ Janus Kinase ▶ Interphase ▶ Jet Lag ▶ Interpolar Microtubule ▶ JNK ▶ Interspersed Repeats ▶ Joule Heating ▶ Intervertebral Disc ▶ Jun/Fos ▶ Intrabodies PETER ANGEL,MARINA SCHORPP-KISTNER ▶ Intron ▶ Juvenile Diabetes ▶ Intronic Mutation ▶ Juvenile Polyposis ▶ Intronic Sequence Element ▶ Juvenile Spinal Muscular Atrophy ▶ Inversin ▶ kanMX4 ▶ Ion Channels/Excitable Membranes ▶ Karyopherins HEINRICH TERLAU,FRANK KIRCHHOFF ▶ Karyotype ▶ Ion Trap ▶ Karyotypic Abnormalities ▶ Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer ▶ kb ▶ Ion-Exchange Chromatography ▶ KD ▶ Ionic Interactions ▶ Kennedy Disease ▶ Ionisation ▶ Keratin ▶ iProClass ▶ Keratin End Domains (Head and Tail) ▶ IQ ▶ Keratin Homologous Domain ▶ IRAK ▶ Keratin Linker Domains/Regions ▶ IRD ▶ Keratin Rod Domain ▶ IRES ▶ Keratinocyte ▶ IRF–1 ▶ Kidney ▶ Iron Storage Disease SEPPO J. VAINIO ▶ I–Sce I Meganuclease ▶ Kinase ▶ Isochromosome ▶ Kinetochore ▶ Isoelectric Focusing ▶ Klinefelter Syndrome ▶ Isoenzymes/Isozymes ▶ Knockdown ▶ Isoform ▶ Knock-In (Mutation) ▶ Isolated Tumour Cells ▶ Knock-out ▶ Isometric Contraction ▶ Knock-Out Animals ▶ Isomorphic Replacement ▶ Knock-Out Mice ▶ Isopeptide Bond ▶ Kremen ▶ Isoprenoid ▶ Kugelberg-Welander Disease ▶ Isoprenylation ▶ Kupffer Cells ▶ Isothermal Titration Calorimetry ▶ Labeling TIMM REINISCH,HANS-JURGEN HINZ ▶ Laboratory Informatics Management System 2066 List of Entries

▶ LacZ ▶ Leucine Rich Repeat ▶ Lagging Strand ▶ Leucine Zipper ▶ Lamellipodium ▶ Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors: bZIP ▶ Laminar Flow Proteins ▶ Laminin ANDREAS G. BADER,PETER K. VOGT ▶ Lamm Equation ▶ Leukemia ▶ Langer-Giedion Syndrome RALF BARGOU,WOLF-DIETER LUDWIG ▶ LAP ▶ Leukocytes ▶ Large Scale ENU Mutagenesis In Mice ▶ Leukodystrophies MARTIN HRABÉ DE ANGELIS, ▶ Lewy Body JOHANNES BECKERS,SIBYLLE WAGNER, ▶ Leydig Cells DIAN SOEWARTO ▶ LFS ▶ Large Scale Protein Production ▶ Lgs/BCL19 ▶ Large-Scale Gene Trap Approaches in Mice ▶ LH PATRICIA RUIZ ▶ LH Domain ▶ Large-Scale Homologous Recombination ▶ Library Approaches in Mouse Embryonic Stem ▶ Library Amplification Cells ▶ Liddle’s Syndrome MICHAEL V. W ILES,GABRIELE PROETZEL ▶ LIE ▶ Laryngospasm ▶ Li-Fraumeni Syndrome ▶ Laser Capture Microdissection ▶ Ligand ▶ Laser Interferometer ▶ Ligation ▶ Lateral Element ▶ LIM Gene ▶ Lateral Inhibition ▶ Limb Development ▶ LCA NATALIA SOSHNIKOVA,WALTER BIRCHMEIER ▶ LCM ▶ Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies ▶ LCR ISABELLE RICHARD ▶ LCRs ▶ Limbic System ▶ LD ▶ LIMS ▶ LDL ▶ Lin ▶ LDL Receptor ▶ LINE ▶ LDL-A Domain ▶ Lineage Determination ▶ LDLR-/-Mice ▶ Linear Unmixing ▶ Leader Signal ▶ Linkage ▶ Leading Strand ▶ Linkage Analysis ▶ Learning Disabilities ▶ Linkage Disequilibrium ▶ Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis ▶ Linkage Map ▶ Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ▶ Linker DNA ▶ LEF/ TCF Family ▶ Lipid Asymmetry ▶ Legless(Lgs)/ BCL19 ▶ Lipid Peroxidation ▶ Lens Connexins ▶ Lipid Rafts ▶ Lentiviruses ▶ Lipidophilicity ▶ Leptin ▶ Lipopolysaccharide ▶ Leptomycin B ▶ Lipoprotein ▶ Leptotene ▶ Liposomes ▶ Lethal Mutations ▶ Liquid Chromatography List of Entries 2067

▶ Liquid Phase Photo-Polymerization ▶ Lynch Syndrome ▶ LOAD ▶ Lyonization ▶ Loader ▶ Lysolecithin ▶ Localization Precision ▶ Lysosomal Acid Hydrolases ▶ Locus ▶ Lysosomes ▶ Locus Control Region ▶ M Phase ▶ Locus Heterogeneity ▶ MA ▶ Lod Score ▶ Machado-Joseph Disease ▶ LOH ▶ Machine Learning ▶ Long (Range) PCR ▶ Macromolecular Crowding ▶ Long Interspersed Repeat ▶ Macrophage ▶ Long Term Depression ▶ Macula ▶ Long Term Potentiation ▶ MAD Phasing ▶ Long Terminal Repeats JÜRGEN J. MÜLLER,UDO HEINEMANN ▶ Loss of Function Mutations ▶ Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells ▶ Loss of Heterogeneity ▶ Maguk Proteins ▶ Loss of Heterozygosity ▶ Major and Minor Groove ▶ Loss-of-Function Screen ▶ Major Histocompatibility Complex ▶ Loss-of-Function Studies ▶ Major Locus ▶ LOV Domain ▶ Maladie de Gélineau ▶ Lov–1 ▶ Malar Hypoplasia ▶ Low Copy Repeats (LCRs) ▶ MALDI ▶ Low Density Lipoprotein ▶ MALDI-MS ▶ Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Related ▶ MALDI-TOF-MS Proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) ▶ Malignancy ▶ Lower Motor Neurons ▶ Malignant Transformation ▶ LoxP and Cre Recombinase System ▶ Mammalian Fertilization ▶ LoxP Site EVELINE S. LITSCHER,PAUL M. WASSARMAN ▶ LP3 ▶ Manic Depression ▶ LPS ▶ ManNAc ▶ LPS Recognition Complex ▶ Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor ▶ LRP5/6 ▶ Map Distances ▶ LR-PCR ▶ MAPK ▶ LTBP ▶ MAPK Pathway ▶ LTD ▶ Mapping Function ▶ LTP ▶ MAPs ▶ LTRs ▶ Marfan Syndrome ▶ L-Type Calcium Channel PHILIP F. GIAMPIETRO ▶ Lung ▶ Marker SP DE LANGHE,FGSALA,AAMAILLEUX, ▶ Marker X Syndrome SBELLUSCI ▶ Martin Bell Syndrome ▶ Lupus ▶ MAS ▶ Luteinizing Hormone ▶ Mask ▶ Lymphangiogenesis ▶ Mass Action Law ▶ Lymphangiomyomatosis ▶ Mass Spectrometer ▶ Lymphocyte ▶ Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation 2068 List of Entries

▶ Mass Spectrometry ▶ Meiotic Mapping ▶ Mass Spectrometry: ESI ▶ Meiotic Maturation EVA-CHRISTINA MÜLLER ▶ Meiotic Mismatch ▶ Mass Spectrometry: MALDI ▶ Meiotic Recombination JOHAN GOBOM ▶ Melanocytes ▶ Mass Spectrometry: MS/MS ▶ Melanosomes EBERHARD KRAUSE ▶ MELAS ▶ Mass Spectrometry: Quantitation ▶ Melatonin OLIVER FIEHN,WOLFRAM WECKWERTH ▶ Melting Temperature ▶ Mass Spectrometry: SELDI ▶ Membrane GURU REDDY,RICHARD RUBIN, ▶ Membrane Protein SCOT WEINBERGER ▶ Memory of Addiction ▶ Maternal Transcript ▶ MEN1 ▶ Matrigel™ ▶ Mendelian (Inheritance) ▶ Matrix ▶ Mendelian Disorder ▶ Matrix Metalloproteinases ▶ Mendelian Forms of Human Hypertension ▶ Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization and Mechanisms of Disease Mass Spectrometry FRIEDRICH C. LUFT ▶ Matrix-CGH (Comparative Genomic ▶ Mendelian Hypertension Hybridization) ▶ Mendelian Inheritance in Man ▶ Maturation Process ▶ Mental Retardation ▶ Maximal Shortening Velocity ▶ Mesenchymal Stem Cells ▶ Maxizyme ▶ Mesenchyme ▶ MBP ▶ Mesoderm ▶ MCA/MR Syndrome ▶ Mesonephros ▶ McCune-Albright Syndrome ▶ Messenger RNA ▶ MCD ▶ Messenger RNA Stability ▶ McKusick Number SHIRLEY R. BRUCE, ▶ MCM MILES F. WILKINSON ▶ MDCK Cells ▶ Meta-Analysis ▶ MDR ▶ Metabolic Alkalosis ▶ MDR Modulators ▶ Metabolite Fingerprinting ▶ MDR1 ▶ Metabolite Phenotype ▶ Meconium Ileus ▶ Metabolite Profiling ▶ Medaka as a Model Organism for ▶ Metabolome Profiling Functional Genomics ▶ Metabolomics FELIX LOOSLI,JOACHIM WITTBRODT JOACHIM KOPKA ▶ Medial/Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ▶ Metacentric Chromosome ▶ Medicinal Product ▶ Metachromatic Leukodystrophy ▶ Medulloblastoma ▶ Metalloprotease ▶ Meesmann Corneal Dystrophy ▶ Metanephric Blastema ▶ MEF ▶ Metaphase ▶ Megalin ▶ Metaphase Plate ▶ Meiosis ▶ Metastable Disulfide Species ▶ Meiosis and Meiotic Recombination ▶ Metastasis CHARLES TEASE ▶ Methotrexate List of Entries 2069

▶ 5–Methylcytosine ▶ Microvilli ▶ Methyl Ester EVELYNE FRIEDERICH,DANIEL LOUVARD ▶ 7–Methyl-Guanosine ▶ MIDAS ▶ Methyl-AcylCoA Racemase Deficiency ▶ MIF ▶ Methylation of Proteins ▶ Migration MARK T. BEDFORD ▶ Milk-Alkali Syndrome ▶ Mf ▶ Miller-Dieker Syndrome ▶ M-FISH ▶ Miller Planes ▶ MFS ▶ MIM ▶ MGMT ▶ MIN/MSI ▶ MHC ▶ Mineralocorticoid Receptors ▶ MIAME ▶ Mineralocorticoid Resistance ▶ Microarray Data Analysis ▶ Mineralocorticoids ALVIS BRAZMA ▶ Minisatellites ▶ Microarray Technology ▶ Minor Groove ▶ Microarrays ▶ miRNA ▶ Microarrays in Colorectal Cancer ▶ miRNP JUDITH M. BOER ▶ Misexpression ▶ Microarrays in Pancreatic Cancer ▶ Misfolded Proteins MALTE BUCHHOLZ,THOMAS M. GRESS ▶ Mismatch (Nucleotide) ▶ Microarrays in Plant Genomics ▶ Mismatch Repair NIKOLAUS L. SCHLAICH, ▶ Missense ALAN J. SLUSARENKO ▶ Mitochondria – Biogenesis and Structural ▶ Microarrays in Rheumatoid Diseases Organization THOMAS HÄUPL ANDREAS S. REICHERT,WALTER NEUPERT ▶ Microcalorimetry ▶ Mitochondrial Disease ▶ Microcephalus ▶ Mitochondrial DNA ▶ Microchannel ▶ Mitochondrial Genome ▶ Microdeletion MICHIO HIRANO ▶ Microdeletion Syndromes ▶ Mitochondrial Membrane OLIVER BARTSCH,EVA SEEMANOVÁ ▶ Mitochondrial Myopathy ▶ Microfilaments LENE SÖRENSEN,NILS-GÖRAN LARSSON ▶ Microfluidics ▶ Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ▶ Microglia Pore ▶ Micrometastasis ▶ Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ▶ Micrometastatic Tumour Cells ▶ Mitosis ▶ Micromolding ▶ Mitotic Figure ▶ MicroRNA ▶ Mitotic Recombination V. N ARRY KIM IAN TOMLINSON ▶ Microsatellite/Microsatellite Marker ▶ Mitotic Recombination ▶ Microscope Slide ▶ Mitotic Spindle Poles ▶ Microtiter Dishes ▶ Mitotic Spindles ▶ Microtubule RYOKO KURIYAMA ▶ Microtubule Associated Proteins ▶ Mitral Valve Prolapse ▶ Microtubule Motor Proteins ▶ Mixed Disulfide ▶ Microtubule-Organizing Center ▶ Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis 2070 List of Entries

▶ Mixing Time ▶ Mono-Ubiquitination ▶ MJD ▶ Monozygotic Twins ▶ MLC ▶ Morbus Wegener ▶ MLH JULIE M. WILLIAMS, ▶ MM-PBSA CAROLINE O.S. SAVAGE ▶ MMPs ▶ Morgan Unit(s) ▶ MMR ▶ Morphant ▶ MMTV ▶ Morphogen/Morphogenic Factor ▶ Mobile Fraction ▶ Morphogenesis ▶ Mobile Genetic Elements ▶ Morpholino Oligonucleotides, ▶ Mode of Release Functional Genomics by Gene ▶ Modified Antisense Oligonucleotide ‘Knock-down’ ▶ Modifiers SALIM ABDELILAH-SEYFRIED ▶ MODY ▶ Mosaic/Mosaicism ▶ Moesin ▶ Motif ▶ Molecular Aging Research ▶ Motif Databases CHRISTIAN BEHL ▶ Motor Proteins ▶ Molecular Chaperones and Cochaperones ▶ Mouse Genomics ▶ Molecular Clock LOUISE VAN DER WEYDEN,DAVID J. ADAMS, ▶ Molecular Complementarity ALLAN BRADLEY ▶ Molecular Docking ▶ Moving Platform KARIN SCHLEINKOFER,TING WANG, ▶ MPNSTs REBECCA C. WADE ▶ MPTP ▶ Molecular Dynamics Simulations ▶ MR Imaging ▶ Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Drug MATTHIAS G. FRIEDRICH Design ▶ mRNA CHRISTOPH A. SOTRIFFER ▶ mRNA Capping ▶ Molecular Imaging YASUHIRO FURUICHI,AARON J. SHATKIN ▶ Molecular Imprints ▶ mRNA Decay ▶ Molecular Mechanics Force Field ▶ mRNA Processing ▶ Molecular Mimicry ▶ mRNA Splicing ▶ Molecular Motors ▶ mRNA Stability MANFRED SCHLIWA ▶ mRNA Translation ▶ Molecular Symptom ▶ mRNP ▶ Molten Globule ▶ MS ▶ Monilethrix ▶ MS/MS ▶ Monoclonal Antibodies ▶ MSA BURKHARD MICHEEL ▶ MSH ▶ Monoclonality/Monoclonal ▶ MSI ▶ Monogenic Disorder/Monogenic ▶ mtDNA ▶ Monogenic Hypertension ▶ Mucin ▶ Monogenic Inheritance ▶ Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ▶ Monolayer ▶ Mucoviscidosis ▶ Monooxygenases ▶ MudPIT ▶ Monosaccharide ▶ Multicloning Site ▶ Monosomy 1p36 Syndrome ▶ Multidimensional Chromatography List of Entries 2071

▶ Multidimensional NMR spectroscopy ▶ Myelin PETER SCHMIEDER ▶ Myelination ▶ Multidimensional Protein Identification ▶ Myeloperoxidase Technology ▶ Myocardial Infarction ▶ Multidrug Resistance ▶ Myocardium ULRIKE STEIN ▶ Myocytes ▶ Multidrug Resistance Gene 1 ▶ Myofibrillogenesis ▶ Multidrug Resistance - Associated Protein 1 ▶ Myofibrils ▶ Multifactorial or Common Diseases ▶ Myofilament ▶ Multifactorial Threshold ▶ Myoglobinuria ▶ Multifunctional Enzymes ▶ Myosin ▶ Multiple Alignments ▶ Myotome ▶ Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ▶ Myotonic Dystrophy Protein Kinase ▶ Multiple Sclerosis ▶ Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ▶ Multiple Sequence Alignment DERICK G. WANSINK,BÉ WIERINGA ▶ Multiple System Atrophy ▶ Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2 ▶ Multiplex Quantitative PCR ▶ Myristoylation Signal ▶ Multiplexed Expression Fluorescence in Situ ▶ N-Acetyl-D-Mannosamine Hybridization ▶ N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ▶ Multiplexing ▶ N-Acylation ▶ Multipotent ▶ NADPH Oxidase ▶ Multipotent Stem Cells ▶ NADPH + H+/NAD+ ▶ Multipotent/Multipotency ▶ Naked Cuticle ▶ Multi-Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction ▶ ‘Naked’ DNA ▶ Munc13 ▶ NALD ▶ Munc18 ▶ Narcolepsy ▶ Muscle Atrophy THOMAS POLLMÄCHER ▶ Muscle Contraction ▶ Narcolepsy-Cataplexy INGO MORANO ▶ Native State ▶ Muscle Development ▶ Natural Antisense Transcripts HANS-HENNING ARNOLD ANDREAS WERNER ▶ Muscular Dystrophy ▶ NC ▶ Muscular Hypotonia ▶ NCAM ▶ Mutagen ▶ NCBI ▶ Mutagenesis ▶ NCGR ▶ Mutagenesis Approaches in Medaka ▶ NCV HIROYUKI TAKEDA ▶ Nearest Neighbour ▶ Mutagenesis Approaches in the Zebrafish ▶ Nearest Neighbour Model ALEXANDER GRUNDT,WOLFGANG ROTTBAUER ▶ Necrosis ▶ Mutagenesis Approaches in Yeast ▶ Neighbour-Joining MICHAEL BREITENBACH,PETER LAUN ▶ Nemo Like Kinase ▶ Mutant (Phenotype) ▶ N-End Rule ▶ Mutation ▶ Neocentromeres ▶ Mutation Rate ▶ Neocortex/Cortical Column ▶ Mutator Phenotype ▶ Neonatal ▶ Myalgia ▶ Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy 2072 List of Entries

▶ Neoplasia ▶ NF-κB ▶ Nephrocalcinosis ▶ NF-kB Pathway ▶ Nephrogenic Mesenchyme CLAUS SCHEIDEREIT,DANIEL KRAPPMANN ▶ Nephrolithiasis ▶ NGF ▶ Nephron ▶ N-Glycan ▶ Nephropathy ▶ NHEJ ▶ NER ▶ Nick-Closing Enzymes ▶ Nerve Conduction Velocity ▶ Nicotine ▶ NES ▶ Nieuwkoop Center ▶ Nestin ▶ Ni-NTA ▶ N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive-Factor ▶ Nintra ▶ NeuN ▶ Nitrosative Stress ▶ Neural Crest Cells and their Derivatives ▶ Nkd CHAYA KALCHEIM ▶ N-Linked Oligosaccharide ▶ Neural Development ▶ NLK THOMAS MÜLLER ▶ NLS ▶ Neural Networks ▶ NMD ▶ Neural Plate ▶ NMDA Receptor ▶ Neural Stem Cells ▶ NMR GERD KEMPERMANN ▶ NMR Spectroscopy ▶ Neural Tube ▶ NMR-based Screening ▶ Neuraminic Acid WOLFGANG JAHNKE ▶ Neuraminidase ▶ N-Nitroso-N-Ethylurea ▶ Neurodegeneration ▶ Nodal ▶ Neuroectoderm ▶ Nodes of Ranvier ▶ Neurofibrillary Tangles ▶ NOE ▶ Neurofibromas ▶ NOESY ▶ Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), Genetics ▶ Non Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep MEENA UPADHYAYA,DAVI D N. COOPER ▶ Noncoding RNA ▶ Neurofibromin ▶ Nondisjunction ▶ Neurogenic Genes ▶ Non-Histone Chromatin Proteins ▶ Neuromuscular Junction MONICA FEDELE,ALFREDO FUSCO ▶ Neurons ▶ Non-Homologous End Joining JOACHIM LÜBKE,DIRK FELDMEYER ▶ NonREM (Non Rapid-Eye-Movement) Sleep ▶ Neuropathy ▶ Nonsense Mutation ▶ Neurotransmission ▶ Nonsense-Mediated RNA Decay ▶ Neurotransmitter ▶ Non-Silent Substitution ▶ Neurotransmitter Release ▶ Nonsyndromal/Nonsyndromic Deafness ▶ Neurotrophic Factor Hypothesis ▶ Non-Uniform Sampling ▶ Neurotrophic Factors ▶ Normalization ANNA MARIA CALELLA, ▶ Normoxia LILIANA MINICHIELLO ▶ NORs ▶ Neutrophils ▶ Northern Blot ▶ NEXT ▶ Notch Pathway ▶ NF1 Gene THOMAS KLEIN ▶ NFT ▶ Notochord List of Entries 2073

▶ NPC ▶ Nucleotide Excision Repair ▶ NPxY/F Motif JAMES E. CLEAVER ▶ NSF ▶ Nucleotide Microarrays ▶ N-TAD ▶ Nucleus ▶ N-Terminal Myristoylation ▶ Null Allele/Null Phenotype ▶ NTPase ▶ Null Mice ▶ Nuclear Acidic Proteins ▶ Null Phenotype ▶ Nuclear Compartments ▶ NXF1 ALISTAIR E. T. NEWALL,JAYSON WANG, ▶ O6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferases DENISE SHEER ▶ O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase ▶ Nuclear Envelope ▶ Obesity ▶ Nuclear Export Factor 1 ▶ Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy ▶ Nuclear Export Signal ▶ ODD ▶ Nuclear Hormone Receptors: Regulators of ▶ OFC Gene Transcription and Cellular Signaling ▶ OFUT–1 ANDREW C.B. CATO,LIUBOV SHATKINA ▶ Okazaki Fragment ▶ Nuclear Import and Export ▶ Oligo Microarray ANJA PANNEK,KATRIN STADE ▶ Oligoarticular ▶ Nuclear Lamina ▶ Oligodendrocyte ▶ Nuclear Localization Signal ▶ Oligogenic ▶ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ▶ Oligomerization ▶ Nuclear Matrix ▶ Oligonucleotides ▶ Nuclear Medicine ▶ Oligosaccharide ▶ Nuclear Poly(A) Binding ▶ Oligosaccharyltransferase Protein 1 ▶ OMIM (TM) ▶ Nuclear Pore Complex ▶ Oncogen Activation BIRTHE FAHRENKROG,UELI AEBI ▶ Oncogene ▶ Nuclear Receptor Co-Activators MANFRED SCHWAB ▶ Nuclear Receptors ▶ Oncogenesis ▶ Nuclease ▶ Oncoprotein ▶ Nucleic Acid ▶ Oncostatin M ▶ Nucleobase ▶ Onionskin Mechanism ▶ Nucleocapsid ▶ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man ▶ Nucleolar Organising Regions ▶ Oogenesis ▶ Nucleolus ▶ Oogonia ▶ Nucleophile/Nucleophilic ▶ Open Reading Frame ▶ Nucleoporins ▶ Operons ▶ Nucleoside, Nucleotide ▶ Opiates ▶ Nucleosome Remodelling (Enzymes/Factors) ▶ Opsonization ▶ Nucleosome Repositioning ▶ ORC ▶ Nucleosomes ▶ Orexins LOREDANA VERDONE,MICAELA CASERTA ▶ ORF ▶ Nucleotide ▶ Organelle ▶ Nucleotide Binding Fold ▶ Organizer ▶ Nucleotide Biosynthesis ▶ Organogenesis RICHARD I. CHRISTOPHERSON ▶ Ori 2074 List of Entries

▶ Origin of Bidirectional Synthesis ▶ 2D-PAGE Database ▶ Origin Recognition Complex ▶ Paget’s Disease ▶ Orofacial Clefts ▶ PAK ▶ Ortholog/Orthologous Genes/Orthologous ▶ Pal-CoA Proteins ▶ Palindrome ▶ Orthostatic Hypotension ▶ Palmitoylation ▶ Oscillator ▶ Palmoplantar Keratoderma ▶ OST ▶ PAMP ▶ Osteitis ▶ Pancreatic Insufficiency ▶ Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica ▶ Pancreatitis ▶ Osteoblastogenesis ▶ Panhypopituitarism ▶ Osteoblasts ▶ Pannexins ▶ Osteochondrodysplasias ▶ Pannus ▶ Osteoclast(s) ▶ Papilloma Viruses ▶ Osteoclastogenesis ▶ PAR ▶ Osteocyte ▶ Paracrine ▶ Osteogenesis Imperfecta ▶ Paralog/Paralogous Genes/Paralogous ▶ Osteoid Proteins ▶ Osteomalacia ▶ Paralysis Agitans ▶ Osteopenia ▶ Parathyroid Hormone ▶ Osteopetrosis ▶ Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein ▶ Osteoporosis ▶ Paratope ▶ Osteoprogenitor ▶ Paraxial Mesoderm ▶ Osteosclerosis ▶ Paresthesia ▶ Overexpression/Misexpression ▶ PARG ▶ Overfitting ▶ Parkinson’s Disease: Insights from Genetic ▶ OXA1 Complex Causes ▶ Oxidases MELISA JBAPTISTA,MARK RCOOKSON, ▶ Oxidation KATRINA GWINN-HARDY ▶ Oxidative Phosphorylation Disease ▶ PARN ▶ Oxidative Stress ▶ PARP1 ▶ 2–Oxoglutarate-Dependent ▶ Parsimony Hydroxylase ▶ Partial Specific Volume ▶ Oxygen Sensing ▶ Particle-Coated DNA ▶ Oxytocin ▶ PAS Domain ▶ p21 ▶ Patch Clamping ▶ P300/CBP CLAUDIA EDER ▶ p53 ▶ Pathomechanism ▶ PABP ▶ Pathway Particle ▶ PABPN1 ▶ Pattern Recognition Receptors ▶ PAC ▶ Patterson Function/Patterson Map ▶ PAC Transgene ▶ PCR ▶ Pacemaker ▶ PDGF ▶ Pachyonychia Congenita ▶ PDZ Domains ▶ Paclitaxel ▶ PE ▶ PAGE ▶ Pectus Carinatum List of Entries 2075

▶ Pectus Excavatum ▶ PEX7 Gene ▶ Pedigree ▶ PFAM Database ▶ P-Element ▶ PFGE ▶ Pemphigus ▶ PGC ▶ PEN–2 ▶ PGD ▶ Penetrance ▶ PHA ▶ Peptamers ▶ PHA 1 ▶ Peptide ▶ PHA 2 ▶ Peptide Aptamers ▶ Phage Artificial Chromosome PIERRE COLAS ▶ Phage Display ▶ Peptide Chips ▶ Phage Surface Display RUDOLF VOLKMER-ENGERT ▶ Phagemid ▶ Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ▶ Phagocytosis ▶ Peptide Mass Map ▶ Pharmaco ▶ Peptide Release Factor 2 ▶ Pharmacogenetics ▶ Peptidomimetic ▶ Pharmacogenomics ▶ Peptidyl Prolyl cis/trans Isomerases MICHEL EICHELBAUM, CORDELIA SCHIENE-FISCHER MATTHIAS SCHWAB ▶ Peptidylglycine Amidation ▶ Pharmacophore ▶ Peptidyl-Transferase Center ▶ Phase ▶ Percentage Chimaerism ▶ Phase Problem ▶ Perforated Patch Recording ▶ Phases of the Cell Cycle ▶ Perichondrium ▶ Phenocopies ▶ Perinatal ▶ Phenomics ▶ Periosteum ROBERT GERLAI ▶ Peripheral Membrane Proteins ▶ Phenotype ▶ Peripheral Nervous System ▶ Phenotypical Characterization ▶ Periplasm ▶ Phenotypical Profiling ▶ Permeability Barrier ▶ Phenotypical Screening ▶ Peroxin ▶ Phenotyping ▶ Peroxiredoxin ▶ Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency ▶ Peroxisomal Disorders ▶ Phenylketonuria RONALD J.A. WANDERS ULRICH LANGENBECK ▶ Peroxisome ▶ Pheochromocytomas ▶ Peroxisome Biogenesis ▶ Phlebotomy ▶ Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ▶ Phosphatidyl Serine ▶ Peroxisome Targeting Signal ▶ Phosphatidylinositides ▶ Perturbagens ▶ Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ▶ Pertussis Toxin ▶ 3′-Phosphoadenylyl-Sulfate ▶ Pes Planus ▶ Phosphodiester ▶ PET ▶ Phosphoinositides ▶ Petite Mutant ▶ Phospholamban ▶ Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ▶ Phospholipase A2 DIETER E. JENNE ▶ Phosphor-Imaging ▶ PEV ▶ Phosphorylation ▶ PEX Gene ▶ Photobleaching 2076 List of Entries

▶ Photoconversion ▶ PNA Chips ▶ Photolithographic Synthesis ANETTE JACOB,OLE BRANDT, ▶ Photolithography JÖRG D. HOHEISEL ▶ Photomorphogenesis ▶ PNET ▶ Photoreceptor Cells ▶ Pneumothorax ▶ Photoreceptors ▶ PNS MARTIN ENGELHARD, ▶ Podophyllotoxins KLAUS PETER HOFMANN ▶ Point Mutation ▶ Photorelease ▶ Point Spread Function ▶ Photoremovable Protecting Group ▶ Poisson-Boltzmann Electrostatics ▶ Phototaxis ▶ Pol ▶ Phototrigger (of Biomolecules) ▶ Pol I ▶ PHP ▶ Polaris ▶ Phylogeny ▶ Polarizability ▶ Physical Maps ▶ POLG ▶ Phytanic Acid ▶ Poly(A) Polymerase ▶ Phytanoyl-CoA Hydroxylase ▶ Poly(A) Ribonuclease ▶ PI3K ▶ Poly(A) Tail ▶ PI3K Pathway ▶ Poly(A)-Binding Protein ▶ PIC ▶ Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase ▶ Piezo-Electricity ▶ Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP)–1 ▶ Pigment Spot Polyposis ▶ Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation ▶ Pilomatricomas ▶ Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation, Pathophysiology ▶ PIP2 ALEXANDER BÜRKLE ▶ Pituitary Diseases ▶ Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ▶ PJS ▶ Polyadenylation ▶ PKC ELMAR WAHLE,NIELS H. GEHRING ▶ PKD Domain ▶ Polyarticular ▶ PKD1 and PKD2 ▶ Polycistronic Constructs ▶ PKR ▶ Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal ▶ PKU Dominant ▶ PLA2 MICHAEL SUTTERS ▶ Plakins ▶ Polycystin ▶ Plant Functional Genomics ▶ Polygenic/Polygenetic ▶ Plant Genomics ▶ Polyglutamine Disease, the Emerging Role THOMAS ALTMANN of Transcription Interference ▶ Plasma Membrane J. PAUL TAYLOR,TIM W. RATZLAFF ▶ Plasmid/Plasmid Vector ▶ Polymerase ▶ Pleiotropic/Pleiotropic Gene Effect ▶ Polymerase Chain Reaction ▶ Plexiform Neurofibromas ▶ Polymorphism/Polymorphic ▶ Pluri-/Multipotent ▶ Polynucleotide Kinase ▶ PMF ▶ Polypeptide ▶ PML Nuclear Bodies ▶ Polyploidy ▶ PMS ▶ Polyprotein ▶ PNA ▶ Polyps-and-Spots Syndrome List of Entries 2077

▶ Polysaccharide ▶ Preproorexin ▶ Polytene Chromosomes ▶ Presomitic Mesoderm ▶ Population Stratification ▶ Presymptomatic Diagnosis ▶ Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ▶ Prevalence ▶ Porphyrias ▶ Prey ▶ Position Effect ▶ PRF ▶ Position Effect Variegation ▶ P-Rib-PP ▶ Positional Candidate Cloning ▶ Primary Aldosteronism ▶ Positional Cloning ▶ Primary Body Axis ▶ Positive Reinforcer ▶ Primary Cells ▶ Positron ▶ Primary Constriction ▶ Positron Emission Tomography ▶ Primary Hyperparathyroidism JOERG VAN DEN HOFF ▶ Primary Hypertension ▶ Posterior Prevalence ▶ Primary Structure ▶ Postmeiotic Segregation ▶ Primitive Streak ▶ Post-Mitotic ▶ Primordial Germinal Cells ▶ Postnatal ▶ Principal Cell ▶ Postsynaptic Density ▶ PRINTS ▶ Post-Translational Modification ▶ Prion ▶ POU Transcription Factors ▶ Prion Diseases ▶ PP2A ▶ Prion Diseases ▶ PPAR HANS A. KRETZSCHMAR ▶ PPAR ▶ Pristanic Acid ▶ PPARαγ-Consensus Elements ▶ PRL ▶ PR ▶ Pro ▶ PR (Protease) ▶ Proband ▶ Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes ▶ Processed Pseudogene BERNHARD HORSTHEMKE ▶ Processivity ▶ Prader-Willi Syndrome ▶ ProcheckNMR ▶ Prechondrogenic ▶ ProDom ▶ Precipitant ▶ Profilin ▶ Precursor Cell ▶ Progenitor Cell ▶ Predictive Genetic Testing ▶ Progesterone Receptor ▶ Predictive Testing and Genetic Counseling ▶ Prognosis ANNEMARIE SCHWAN,JÖRG T. EPPLEN ▶ Programmed +1/–1 Frameshifting ▶ Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ▶ Programmed Cell Death ▶ Preinitiation Complex ▶ Programmed Translational Frameshifting ▶ Preintegration Complex ▶ Progressive External Opthalmoplegia ▶ Premature Termination Codon ▶ Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ▶ Premenstrual Manifestation ▶ Projections ▶ pre-miRNA ▶ Prolactin ▶ pre-mRNA ▶ Proline Isomerase ▶ Premutation ▶ Prolyl Isomerase ▶ Prenatal Diagnostics ▶ Prometaphase ▶ Prenyl Group ▶ Promoter ▶ Prenylation ▶ Promoter Clearance 2078 List of Entries

▶ Proneural Transcription Factors ▶ Protein Fold ▶ Pronuclear (Micro)Injection ▶ Protein Folding ▶ Proof Reading Mechanism MATTHIAS P. M AYER ▶ Proofreading Exonuclease ▶ Protein G ▶ Prophase ▶ Protein Homology ▶ Prophylactic Immunization ▶ Protein Interaction Analysis, Variations of ▶ Prophylaxis the Yeast Two-Hybrid System ▶ PROSITE IGOR STAGLJAR ▶ Prostaglandins ▶ Protein Interaction Analysis: Chemical ▶ Prosthetic groups Cross-Linking ▶ Protease OWEN W. NADEAU ▶ Protease Inhibitors ▶ Protein Interaction Analysis: ▶ Proteases and Inhibitors Phage Display DORA CAVALLO-MEDVED, ZOLTÁN KONTHUR,JÖRN GLÖKLER, BONNIE F. SLOANE KARL SKRINER ▶ Proteasome ▶ Protein Interactions ▶ Protein ▶ Protein Kinase ▶ Protein A ▶ Protein Ligand Interactions Studied ▶ Protein and Membrane Transport in by X-ray Eukaryotic Cells MILTON T. STUBBSII MICHAEL KRAUSS,VOLKER HAUCKE ▶ Protein Localization ▶ Protein Array ▶ Protein Microarrays as a Tool for Protein ▶ Protein Biosynthesis Profiling and Functional Proteomics ▶ Protein Chemical Modification ULRIKE KORF ▶ Protein Chips ▶ Protein Misfolding Disorders ▶ Protein Complex ▶ Protein Phosphatase–2A ▶ Protein Conformational Diseases ▶ Protein Prenylation ▶ Protein Conjugation MARK D. DISTEFANO,LEILA N. ALBERS, ▶ Protein Crystallization for X-Ray JU-HUA XU JOCHEN MUELLER-DIECKMANN, ▶ Protein Research Foundation MANFRED S. WEISS,MATTHIAS WILMANNS ▶ Protein Self-Association ▶ Protein Crystallography ▶ Protein Species ▶ Protein Data Bank ▶ Protein Structure Prediction ▶ Protein Databases VOLKHARD HELMS MIN-SEOK KWON,SANG YUN CHO, ▶ Protein Synthesis Control YOUNG-KI PAIK ▶ Protein Tags ▶ Protein Degradation KAY TERPE ▶ Protein Disulfide ▶ Protein Transduction Domains ▶ Protein Disulfide Bonds ▶ Protein/DNA Interaction ERVIN WELKER,MAHESH NARAYAN, PATRICE MORAND,CHRISTOPH W. MÜLLER HAROLD ASCHERAGA ▶ Protein-Protein Analysis, Suppressor ▶ Protein Domains Hunting JÖRG SCHULTZ RANDY STRICH ▶ Protein Expression Profiling ▶ Proteinase 3 ▶ Protein Family ▶ ProteinChip Array List of Entries 2079

▶ ProteinChip Reader ▶ Pseudoachondroplasia ▶ ProteinChip Technology ▶ Pseudoautosomal Region ▶ Protein-Ligand Interaction Studied by ▶ Pseudogene NMR ▶ Pseudohypoaldosteronisms CHRISTIAN FREUND ▶ Pseudohypoparathyroidism ▶ Proteinogenic Amino Acids ▶ Pseudoknot ▶ Protein-Protein Interactions ▶ Pseudomonomolecular Process PETER UETZ,CAROLINA S. VOLLERT ▶ Pseudopregnant Mouse ▶ Protein-Tyrosine Sulfotransferase ▶ Pseudotyped Virus ▶ Proteoglycan ▶ PSF ▶ Proteolytic Degradation ▶ PSI ▶ Proteome ▶ PSI ▶ Proteome Profiling ▶ PSI-BLAST ▶ Proteomic Signatures ▶ Psoriasis, Molecular Basis ▶ Proteomics KHUSRU ASADULLAH,WOLFRAM STERRY ▶ Proteomics in Ageing ▶ PSP OLIVIER TOUSSAINT,FLORENCE CHAINIAUX, ▶ PTC ALINE CHRÉTIEN,VÉRONIQUE FLAMENT, ▶ PTDs EDOUARD DELAIVE,JEAN-FRANÇOIS DIERICK ▶ PTH ▶ Proteomics in Cancer ▶ PTHrP FRANÇOIS LE NAOUR ▶ PTM ▶ Proteomics in Cardiovascular Disease ▶ Ptosis RODNEY LUI,SEAN LAL, ▶ PTS CRISTOBAL G. DOS REMEDIOS ▶ P-Type ATPase ▶ Proteomics in Human-Pathogen ▶ Pulse Sequence Interactions ▶ Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis HENGLI TANG ▶ Purifying Selection ▶ Proteomics in Microfluidic Systems ▶ Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis JAISREE MOORTHY,DAVID J. BEEBE ▶ Purines ▶ Proteopathies ▶ pVHL ▶ Prothrombin ▶ PWS ▶ Protocol Mutagenesis ▶ Pyg ▶ Protonation States ▶ Pygopus ▶ Proto-Oncogene ▶ PYP ▶ Protoplast Transformation ▶ Pyrimidine Nucleotide Biosynthesis ▶ Protrusion ▶ Pyrimidines ▶ Provirus ▶ Pyruvate Kinase ▶ Proximal Spinal Muscular Atrophy ▶ Q10 ▶ PRP ▶ QC ▶ PrPC ▶ QSAR ▶ PrPSc ▶ Q-T Interval ▶ Prx ▶ Q-TOF ▶ PS ▶ Quadrupole ▶ PS1/PS2 ▶ Quadrupole Mass Analyzer ▶ PSD95 ▶ Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass ▶ PSEN1/PSEN2 Spectrometer 2080 List of Entries

▶ Quality Control ▶ rDNA ▶ Quantitative Structure-Activity ▶ Reactive Oxygen Species Relationship ▶ Reading Frame MICHAEL WIESE ▶ Readlength ▶ Quantum Yield ▶ Readthrough Suppression ▶ Quasispecies ▶ Real-time PCR ▶ Quaternary Structure ▶ Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ▶ Quiescence ▶ Rearrangement of Immunoglobulin ▶ RA Genes ▶ Rac ▶ RecA ▶ RACE ▶ Receptor for Egg Jelly Protein ▶ RAD51 ▶ Receptor Serine/Threonine Kinases ▶ Radiation Hybrid Map ARISTIDIS MOUSTAKAS, ▶ Radiation Sensitivity Gene 51 SERHIY SOUCHELNYTSKYI, ▶ Radioactive Isotope CARL-HENRIK HELDIN ▶ Radioactivity/Radioactive Decay ▶ Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ▶ Radixin ▶ Receptors ▶ Rafts ▶ Recessive Allele ▶ Ragged Red Fibres ▶ Recessive Mutation ▶ Ran ▶ Recklingshausen Disease ▶ Ran GTPase Activating Protein ▶ Recoding ▶ Ran Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor ▶ Recombinant Protein ▶ Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA ▶ Recombinant Protein Expression in Markers Bacteria ▶ RanGAP CLAUDIA LANGLAIS,BERNHARD KORN ▶ RanGEF ▶ Recombinant Protein Production in ▶ Ran-GTP Mammalian Cell Culture ▶ RANKL ANJA DRÖGE ▶ Rapamycin (Sirolimus) ▶ Recombinant Protein Production in Yeast ▶ Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep ROLAND WEIS,FRANZ HARTNER, ▶ RAPDs ANTON GLIEDER ▶ Rare Mutation ▶ Recombination ▶ Ras ▶ RecQ Helicase Family ▶ Ras Guanyl Nucleotide Exchange Factor ▶ Recurrence Risk ▶ Ras Proteins ▶ Redefinition of Codons ▶ Ras Signalling ▶ Reductive Unfolding REINHOLD SCHÄFER ▶ Redundancy ▶ Ras Superfamily of Small GTP Binding ▶ REE, RxRE Proteins ▶ Reference State ▶ Ras-Like GTPases ▶ RefSeq ▶ RasMol ▶ Refsum Syndrome ▶ Rb ▶ Region of Interest ▶ RB1 ▶ Regulators of G Protein Signaling ▶ RBS ▶ REJ ▶ RCA ▶ Relaxation Techniques/Relaxation ▶ RCDP ▶ Release Factors List of Entries 2081

▶ Release Probability ▶ Retinoblastoma Gene ▶ REM (Rapid-Eye-Movement) Sleep ▶ Retinoic Acid ▶ REM Sleep ▶ Retinoid Cycle ▶ Rendering ▶ Retinopathy ▶ Repeats ▶ Retroposon ▶ Repeat Expansion Diseases ▶ Retropseudogene ▶ Repeat Expansion Diseases, Dynamic ▶ Retrotransposition Mutations Cause (Neurological) Model ▶ Retrotransposon Disorders ▶ Retroviruses JÖRG T. EPPLEN JOHN M. COFFIN ▶ Repetitive DNA ▶ Rett Syndrome ▶ Repetitive Elements (Repetitive DNA, HAYLEY ARCHER,ANGUS J. CLARKE Repeats) ▶ Rev, Rex ▶ Replication ▶ Rev-Erb ▶ Replication Bubble ▶ S Phase ▶ Replication Foci ▶ S-Acylation ▶ Replication Fork ▶ SAD ULRICH HÜBSCHER,IGOR SHEVELEV ▶ SAGA ▶ Replication Origins ▶ SAGE ARTURO FALASCHI,GIUSEPPE BIAMONTI, ▶ Saltatory Nerve Conduction SILVANO RIVA ▶ Salvage Pathway ▶ Replicative Senescence ▶ SAMP Repeats ▶ Replicator ▶ Sampling ▶ Replicon ▶ Sanger Sequencing Method ▶ Replisome ▶ Sanglifehrin ▶ Repolarization ▶ SAR1 ▶ Reporter Genes ▶ SARA ▶ Repressor ▶ SAR-by NMR ▶ Repressor Element–1 Transcription Factor ▶ Sarcolemma ▶ Residue Interface Propensity ▶ Sarcomas ▶ Resolution ▶ Sarcomere ▶ Respiratory Burst ▶ Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ▶ Respiratory Chain ▶ Satellite ▶ Response Elements ▶ Satellite Cell ▶ REST ▶ Saturation Point ▶ Restriction Enzymes ▶ SBMA ▶ Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ▶ SCA ▶ Restriction Mapping ▶ Scaffolding Protein ▶ Restriction Point ▶ Scanning Tunneling Microscope ▶ Retinal Pigment Epithelium ▶ Scar ▶ Retinal Protein ▶ Scar/Wave Proteins ▶ Retinitis Pigmentosa ▶ Scavenger Receptor(s) EBERHART ZRENNER ▶ SCC ▶ Retinoblastoma ▶ SCE ▶ Retinoblastoma (Rb) Protein ▶ SCF Ubiquitin Ligase 2082 List of Entries

▶ Schiff Base ▶ Sensitivity ▶ Schizophrenia, Genetics ▶ Sensory Ganglia NADINE NORTON,MICHAEL JOWEN ▶ Septum Pellucidum ▶ Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome ▶ Sequence Alignment ▶ Schwann Cells ▶ Sequence Annotation in Evolution ▶ Sclerotome STEFFEN HENNIG ▶ Scoring Function ▶ Sequence Comparison ▶ Scrambled Disulfide Species MARTIN VINGRON ▶ Scrapie ▶ Sequence Databases ▶ SCTAT ▶ Sequence Polymorphism ▶ SDAT ▶ Sequence-Specific Post-Transcriptional Gene ▶ SDH Silencing by Double-Stranded RNA ▶ SDS ▶ Sequencing ▶ SDS-PAGE ▶ Ser ▶ Seborrheic Keratosis ▶ Serial Analysis of Gene Expression ▶ Second Site Suppression ▶ Seropositive ▶ Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ▶ Sertoli Cells ▶ Secondary Hypertension ▶ SET ▶ Secondary Structure ▶ SET Domain ▶ Second-Generation MDR Modulators ▶ Seven-Transmembrane Receptors ▶ Secreted Frizzled Related Proteins ▶ Sex Chromosome Silencing ▶ Secretion ▶ Sex Reversal ▶ Secretory Pathway ▶ Sex-Determining Gene ▶ Secretory Vesicle ▶ Sex-Determining Region Y ▶ Sedimentation Coefficient ▶ SH2/SH3 Domains ▶ Sedimentation Equilibrium ▶ Shaker/Usher Syndrome ▶ Sedimentation Velocity ▶ Shc ▶ Segment Duplication ▶ SHH ▶ Segmentation ▶ Shine-Dalgarno Site ▶ Segregation Analysis ▶ Shmoo ▶ SELDI ▶ Short Interfering RNA ▶ SELDI-ProteinChip Technology ▶ Short Interspersed Repeat ▶ SELDI-Tof ▶ Shotgun Libraries ▶ Selection, Selective Advantage MATTHEW C. JONES,KIRSTEN E. MCLAY ▶ Selection/Selectable Marker ▶ Sialic Acid ▶ Selectivity ▶ Sialidase ▶ Selenocysteine ▶ Signal Recognition Particle ▶ Selenoenzymes ▶ Signal Transduction (Pathway) ▶ Selenoproteins ▶ Signal Transduction: Integrin-Mediated DIETRICH BEHNE,ANTONIOS KYRIAKOPOULOS Pathways ▶ Self-Assembled Monolayer KERSTIN DANKER ▶ Self-Renewal ▶ Signalling ▶ Semidominant Allele ▶ Signalling State ▶ Senescence ▶ Signature ▶ Senile Dementia/Alzheimer’s Type ▶ Silane Reagent ▶ Senile Plaques ▶ Silencer List of Entries 2083

▶ Silent Substitution ▶ Sleep Paralysis ▶ Silver-Russell Syndrome ▶ Slippery Heptamer ▶ Simulated Annealing ▶ SLOS ▶ Simultaneous Slippage ▶ Slow and Fast Muscle Fibres ▶ SINE ▶ Slow Exchange Limit ▶ Single Gene Disorder ▶ Slow Muscle Fibres ▶ Single Nucleotide Mismatch ▶ SLT ▶ Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ▶ SMA ▶ Single Particle Tracking ▶ Smac ▶ Single Particles ▶ Smad ▶ Single Photon Emission Computer ▶ Smad Anchor for Receptor Activation Tomography ▶ Smad Ubiquitin Regulatory Factor ▶ Single-Cell Gene Expression Profiling: ▶ Small Dendritic RNA Cell-Level Biology by Multiplexed ▶ Small GTPases Expression Fluorescence in Situ ▶ Small Interfering RNA Hybridization ▶ Small Interfering RNA-Mediated Gene JEFFREY M. LEVSKY, Silencing ROBERT H. SINGER ▶ Small Intragenic Mutations ▶ Single-Particle Reconstruction ▶ Small Molecule Inhibitors ▶ Single-Stranded Conformational ▶ Small Vessel Vasculitis Polymorphism ▶ SMART Database ▶ Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein ▶ SMase ▶ Singlet State ▶ SMC Proteins ▶ Single-Wavelength Anomalous Diffraction ▶ Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome ▶ siRNA ▶ Smith-Magenis Syndrome ▶ Short Interfering RNA ▶ SMN-Complex ▶ Sister Chromatid ▶ Smoothened ▶ Sister Chromatid Cohesion ▶ SMS ▶ Sister Chromatid Exchange ▶ Smurf ▶ Sister Kinetochores ▶ SNARE Proteins ▶ Site-Specific Protease ▶ SNP ▶ Site-Specific Recombination ▶ SNP Detection and Mass Spectrometry ▶ SIX5 SASCHA SAUER ▶ Size Exclusion Chromatography ▶ SOC ▶ Skeletal Disorders ▶ SOD ▶ Skeletonization ▶ Solid- or Split-Pin ▶ Skewed X-Inactivation ▶ Solubilization ▶ Skin Barrier ▶ Solvation Potential ▶ Skin (Permeability) Barrier ▶ Soma ▶ Skin and Hair ▶ Somatic Hypermutation JOERG HUELSKEN ▶ Somatic Mosaicism ▶ SL1 ▶ Somatic Mutation ▶ Slavotinek Syndrome ▶ Somite ▶ SLE Pathogenesis, Genetic Dissection ▶ Somitogenesis CHUN XIE,CHANDRA MOHAN PHILIPPE DAUBAS, ▶ Sleep Apnea MARGARET E. BUCKINGHAM 2084 List of Entries

▶ SOP ▶ SRY – Sex Reversal ▶ Sorting Signals STEPHEN S. WACHTEL ▶ SOS ▶ SSCP ▶ Southern Blot ▶ SSH ▶ Spastic Paralysis ▶ Stable Isotope ▶ Specific Locus Test ▶ STAGA ▶ Specific Rotation [α]25°D ▶ Standard Operating Procedure ▶ Specificity ▶ Standard Proteomics Technologies ▶ SPECT ▶ Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ▶ Spectral Imaging ▶ State Function ▶ Sperm ▶ Statistical Thermodynamics ▶ Spermatogenesis ▶ STATs ▶ Spermatogonia ▶ Steatocystoma Multiplex ▶ Sphingomyelinase ▶ Steinert’s Disease ▶ Spinal Muscular Atrophy ▶ Stem Cell Plasticity or Stem Cell SHUJI OGINO Transdifferentiation ▶ Spindle Check-Point ▶ Stem Cell Therapy ▶ Spindle Microtubules ▶ Stem Cell Transdifferentiation ▶ Spines ▶ Stem Cells: an Overview ▶ Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy JÜRGEN HESCHELER,BERND K. FLEISCHMANN ▶ Spinocerebellar Ataxia ▶ Stem Loop ▶ Spinocerebellar Degeneration ▶ Stereocilia ▶ Splanchnic (Visceral) ▶ Sterile Mutations ▶ Splice (Junction) Mutation ▶ Steroid Hormone Receptor Defects, ▶ Splice Acceptor Molecular Basis ▶ Splice Enhancer TOMOSHIGE KINO,GEORGE P. C HROUSOS ▶ 3′ Splice Site ▶ Steroid Hormones ▶ 5′ Splice Site ▶ Steroids ▶ Splice Mutation ▶ Stickler Syndrome ▶ Splice Site Mutation ▶ STM ▶ Spliceosome ▶ Stochastic ▶ Splicing ▶ Stokes Radius CHIN LI,WOAN-YUH TARN ▶ Stokes Shift ▶ Split-Hand-Foot ▶ Stop Codon ▶ Spo11 ▶ Storage Polysaccharide ▶ Sporadic (Cases of Disease) ▶ Store-Operated Calcium Entry ▶ Sporadic Mutation ▶ STR ▶ Spot Quantitation Matrix ▶ Strand Transfer ▶ SPR ▶ Stratified Epithelium ▶ Spreading ▶ Stratum Basale ▶ SP-RING ▶ Stratum Corneum ▶ Squamous Cell Carcinoma ▶ Stratum Granulosum ▶ SR Proteins ▶ Stratum Spinosum ▶ Src ▶ Streptavidin ▶ SRP ▶ Stress Fibres ▶ Sry ▶ Stress Response List of Entries 2085

▶ Stress-Induced Premature Senescence ▶ SV ▶ Striae Atrophicae ▶ Swiss Institute of ▶ Stroma Bioinformatics ▶ Structural Databases ▶ Swiss-PdbViewer ▶ Structural Genomics ▶ Symmetry Operations ▶ Structural Genomics: Structure-to-Function ▶ Synapse Approaches ▶ Synaptic Efficacy UDO HEINEMANN ▶ Synaptic Vesicle ▶ Structural Proteomics ▶ Synaptogenesis ▶ Structure-based Drug Design ▶ Synaptonemal Complex GERHARD KLEBE ▶ Synaptotagmin I ▶ 3D Structure Determination by NMR ▶ Synchrotron ZHEN-YU J. SUN,GERHARD WAGNER ▶ Syndecans ▶ 3D Structure Determination by X-Ray ▶ Syndetome RICHARD A. ENGH ▶ Syndrome ▶ Strümpell Disease ▶ Synergism ▶ SU (Surface) ▶ Synergistic Interaction ▶ SU (Surface) TAR ▶ Synonymous Codon Changes ▶ Subcellular Compartment (or Organelle) ▶ Synpolydactyly ▶ Subcellular Localization ▶ Synteny/Syntenic ▶ Subclone ▶ Syringomyelia ▶ Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma ▶ Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ▶ Subependymal Nodule ▶ Systems Biology ▶ Subjective Day/Subjective Night ▶ Systole ▶ Sub-Proteome ▶ T Cell ▶ Substantia Nigra ▶ T Lymphocyte ▶ Substrate ▶ Tachycardia ▶ Subtelomeric Repeats ▶ TAFs ▶ Subtractive Analysis ▶ T-Ag ▶ Succinate Dehydrogenase ▶ Tagging/Tag ▶ Sumo ▶ TAK1 ▶ Sumoylation ▶ Talin GUILLAUME BOSSIS,FRAUKE MELCHIOR ▶ TAMs ▶ Superantigens ▶ Tandem Mass Spectrometry ▶ Supercoiled DNA ▶ Tandem Repeats ▶ Superoxide Dismutase ▶ Tangier disease ▶ Superresolution GERD SCHMITZ,WOLFGANG E. KAMINSKI ▶ Supervised Analysis ▶ TAP ▶ Supervised Learning ▶ TAP Tag ▶ Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization ▶ TAP/NXF1 ▶ Suppressor Hunting ▶ Target Gene ▶ Surface Plasmon Resonance ▶ Target Registration DataBase KARL-WILHELM KOCH ▶ TargetDB ▶ Surfactant Proteins ▶ Targeted Gene Disruption ▶ Susceptibility Gene ▶ Targeting Vector ▶ Susceptibility Locus/Susceptibility Gene ▶ Tat 2086 List of Entries

▶ TATA Binding Protein ▶ Thermodynamic Properties of DNA ▶ TATA Box G. ERIC PLUM,JENS VÖLKER, ▶ Tauopathies KENNETH J. BRESLAUER ▶ Tau-Protein ▶ Thermodynamic State ▶ Tax ▶ Thermogram ▶ Taxanes ▶ THF ▶ Taxon (pl. Taxa) ▶ Thioester-Linkage ▶ TBCE Gene ▶ Thioether ▶ TbetaR-I / TbetaR-II (TβR-I / TβR-II) ▶ Thioflavin T ▶ TBP ▶ Thiolate ▶ TBP-Associated Factors ▶ Thiol-dependent Peroxidases ▶ T-Cell Epitope LEOPOLD FLOHÉ,TIMO JAEGER ▶ T-Cell Factors ▶ Thioredoxin ▶ TCF ▶ Third-Generation MDR Modulators ▶ TCFs ▶ Threshold Liability Model of Multifactorial ▶ Telocentric Chromosome Inheritance ▶ Telomerase ▶ Thromboembolism KENKICHI MASUTOMI,WILLIAM C. HAHN ▶ Thrombosis ▶ Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase ▶ Thymidine Analog Mutations ▶ Telomere ▶ Thymidine Kinase 2 ▶ Telophase ▶ Thymidine Phosphorylase ▶ Temperature Compensation ▶ Thyroid Cancer ▶ Temperature Factor ▶ Thyroid Disorders, Genetic Basis ▶ Temperature-Sensitive Mutant PETER KOPP ▶ Template Matching ▶ Thyroid Dysgenesis ▶ TER ▶ Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ▶ Teratogens ▶ TI ▶ Terminal Ductal-Lobular Unit ▶ Tight Junctions ▶ Terminator SAIMA AIJAZ,STEVEN GOODRICK, ▶ TERT KARL MATTER,MARIA S. BALDA ▶ Tertiary Structure ▶ TIGRFAMs ▶ Testis-Determining Gene ▶ TIM22/23 Complexes ▶ Testosterone ▶ Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer ▶ Tetany ▶ TIR Domain ▶ Tetraspanins ▶ Tissue Micro Array ▶ Tetratricopeptide Repeat Motif ▶ Tissue-Specific Genes ▶ TFIID ▶ TK2 ▶ TFIIH ▶ TLR ▶ TGF ▶ TM (Transmembrane) ▶ TGFβ Activated Kinase–1 ▶ TM (Transmembrane) ▶ Th–1 Biased T Cell Response Transactivating Proteins ▶ TH1 / Th2 Cells ▶ TMA ▶ Thalassaemia ▶ TNF ▶ Thanatophoric Dysplasia ▶ TNF Receptor/ Fas Signaling ▶ Therapeutic Immunization Pathways ▶ Thermodynamic Integration HARALD WAJANT List of Entries 2087

▶ TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing ▶ Transcriptional Repression Ligand GERALD THIEL,MICHAEL LIETZ, ▶ TNF–α MATTHIAS HOHL ▶ TOB Complex ▶ Transcriptional Repressor ▶ TOF ▶ Transcriptional Termination ▶ Tolerance ▶ Transcriptome ▶ Toll/IL–1 Receptor Domain ▶ Transcytosis ▶ Toll-Like Receptor ▶ Transdifferentiation ▶ TOM Complex ▶ Transdominant Genetic Effect ▶ Tomography ▶ Transduction ▶ Tonofibrils ▶ Transepidermal Water Loss ▶ Topoisomerase II ▶ Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance ▶ TP ▶ Transesterification ▶ TPR Motif ▶ Transfected Cell Array ▶ Tracer ▶ Transfection ▶ Traditional Silicon-Based Protocols ▶ Transfer RNA ▶ TRAF ▶ Transferrin ▶ TRAIL ▶ Transferrin Receptor ▶ Trait ▶ Transformation ▶ Trajectory/Trajectorial ▶ Transforming Growth Factor-β ▶ Trans-Acting Factor ▶ Transforming Protein ▶ Transactivation Function ▶ Transgene ▶ Transacylation ▶ Transgene Expression ▶ Transcript ▶ Transgene Silencing ▶ Transcript Elongation ERIC MILOT,JAMES ELLIS ▶ Transcription ▶ Transgenesis ▶ Transcription Coupled Repair ▶ Transgenic ▶ Transcription Elongation ▶ Transgenic and Knock-Out Animals YUKI YAMAGUCHI,TADASHI WADA, STEFAN BRITSCH HIROSHI HANDA ▶ Trans-Golgi Network ▶ Transcription Elongation Complex ▶ Transition ▶ Transcription Elongation Factor ▶ Transition State ▶ Transcription Enhancer ▶ Translation ▶ Transcription Factor ▶ Translation Elongation Factors ▶ Transcription Factors and Regulation of ▶ Translation Initiation Factor Gene Expression ▶ Translation Start Codon RAINER RENKAWITZ ▶ Translational Bypassing ▶ Transcription Initiation ▶ Translational Control in Eukaryotes ▶ Transcription Unit MARTINA MUCKENTHALER, ▶ Transcriptional Activator THOMAS PREISS ▶ Transcriptional Elongation ▶ Translational Frameshifting, Non-Standard ▶ Transcriptional Enhancer Reading of the Genetic Code ▶ Transcriptional Machinery PHILIP FARABAUGH ▶ Transcriptional Profiling ▶ Translational Inhibition ▶ Transcriptional Regulation ▶ Translational Pause 2088 List of Entries

▶ Translationally Silent Mutation ▶ Tumorigenesis ▶ Translesion DNA Synthesis ▶ Tunicamycin ▶ Translocation ▶ Two Channel Microarrays ▶ Transmembrane Proteins ▶ Two-Dimensional Crystal ▶ Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ▶ Two-Dimensional Crystallization of ▶ Transmitters Membrane Proteins ▶ Transposable Element THOMAS BRAUN,THOMAS C. KAUFMANN, ▶ Transposition HERVÉ-W. RÉMIGY,ANDREAS ENGEL ▶ Transposons ▶ Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ZOLTÁN IVICS,OLIVER WALISKO, PETER R. JUNGBLUT ZSUZSANNA IZSVÁK ▶ Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel ▶ Trans-Splicing Electrophoresis ▶ Transvection ▶ Two-Hit Model ▶ Transversion ▶ Two-Hybrid System ▶ TRE CAROLINA S. VOLLERT,PETER UETZ ▶ Treadmilling ▶ Two-Photon Excitation ▶ Trichothiodystrophy ▶ Two-Site Immunoradiometric Assay ▶ Trinucleotide Repeat ▶ Two-State Process ▶ Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion Disease ▶ Ty Retrotransposon ▶ Triple Resonance NMR Experiment ▶ Type B Reactions ▶ Trisomy ▶ Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ▶ tRNA ▶ Type 1 Pseudohypoaldosteronism ESTHER LIZANO,MARIO MÖRL ▶ Type 1A Topoisomerases ▶ TRP Channel ▶ Type 1B Topoisomerases ▶ True Hermaphroditism ▶ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ▶ Tryparedoxin ▶ Type 2 Pseudohypoaldosteronism ▶ TSA ▶ Type I Transmembrane Glycoprotein ▶ TSE ▶ Type II Myosin ▶ TSG ▶ Type IIA Topoisomerases ▶ TSH ▶ Type III Hyperlipidemia ▶ t-SNARE ▶ Tyrosinase ▶ TTD ▶ Tyrosine Kinases ▶ T-Tubulus UTE SCHAEPER,KATJA S. GROSSMANN ▶ Tuberous Sclerosis ▶ Tyrosine Sulfation of Proteins DAVI D J. KWIATKOWSKI KEVIN L. MOORE ▶ Tubulin ▶ Tyrosine-Kinase-Associated Receptors ▶ Tumor Angiogenesis ▶ Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase ▶ Tumor Necrosis Factor ▶ UAP56 ▶ Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated ▶ UAS-Gal4 System Factor ▶ UBF ▶ Tumor Necrosis Factor–α ▶ Ubiquitin ▶ Tumor Promoter Genes ▶ Ubiquitin Chains ▶ Tumor Suppressor Gene ▶ Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway ▶ Tumor Suppressor Genes ▶ Ubiquitination SUSAN WIJNHOVEN,ANNEMIEKE DE VRIES THOMAS SOMMER,GUNNAR DITTMAR ▶ Tumor Viruses ▶ Unc List of Entries 2089

▶ Uncaging ▶ Vinca Alkaloids ▶ Uncaging and Photoconversion/Activation ▶ Vincristine VOLKER HAGEN ▶ Vinculin ▶ Unconventional Myosins ▶ Viral Fitness ▶ Unigene Library ▶ Viral Oncogenesis ▶ Unit Cell RALPH GRASSMANN, ▶ Uniparental Disomy BERNHARD FLECKENSTEIN ▶ Univalent ▶ Virion ▶ Unsupervised Analysis ▶ Virtual Screening ▶ Unsupervised Learning RONALD KÜHNE ▶ Untranslated ▶ Virulent / Virulence ▶ 5′ Untranslated Region ▶ Viscoelasticity ▶ UPD ▶ Vitiligo ▶ Upper Motor Neurons ▶ Vitreous Ice ▶ Upper to Lower Segment Ratio ▶ VL ▶ Upstream ▶ VLCFA ▶ Uronic Acid ▶ VLDL ▶ UTR ▶ Voltage-Clamp Mode ▶ UV Signature Mutations ▶ von Hippel-Lindau Disease ▶ V(D)J Recombination ▶ von Willebrand Disease ▶ V2R ▶ von Willebrand Factor ▶ Vaccine ▶ v-SNARE ▶ Validation of Therapeutic Targets ▶ vWF ▶ Valve ▶ Walker A and B Motif ▶ Van der Waals Interaction ▶ WASp ▶ van’t Hoff Equation ▶ Watson-Crick DNA ▶ Variegate Porphyria ▶ Wavelength of Light ▶ Vascular Morphogenesis ▶ Wegener's Granulomatosis ▶ Vasculitis ▶ Weighted Back-Projection ▶ Vasculogenesis ▶ Werner's Syndrome ▶ Vasoactive Peptides ▶ Western Blotting ▶ Vasopressin ▶ White Sponge Naevus ▶ vCJD ▶ Whole Mount ISH ▶ Vector (Particle) BERNHARD G. HERRMANN, ▶ VEGF LORENZ NEIDHARDT ▶ Ventricular Zone ▶ Wide-Field Fluorescence Microscopy ▶ Very Low Density Lipoprotein ▶ Wild Type ▶ Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids ▶ William-Beuren Syndrome ▶ Vesicular Traffic ▶ Winged Helix RAINER DUDEN ▶ Winged Helix Transcription Factors ▶ VH PATRICIA A. LABOSKY, ▶ VHH KLAUS H. KAESTNER ▶ VHL-(von Hippel-Lindau) Disease ▶ WISH ▶ VH-VL Pair ▶ Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein ▶ Villin ▶ Withdrawal ▶ Vinblastine/Vincristine ▶ WNK 2090 List of Entries

▶ Wnt/b-Catenin Signaling Pathway ▶ X-Ray Data Collection from AJAMETE KAYKAS,RANDALL T. MOON Macromolecular Crystals ▶ Wnt / Wg ANDREA SCHMIDT,VICTOR S. LAMZIN ▶ Wolffian Duct ▶ XRN1 and XRN2 ▶ Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome ▶ XX Male Syndrome ▶ Wound Healing ▶ XY Gonadal Dysgenesis SUSANNE BRAUN,SABINE WERNER ▶ YAC and PAC Maps ▶ WSC Domain LEONARD CSCHALKWYK ▶ WT ▶ YAC Transgene ▶ X Chromosome ▶ YAC/PAC/BAC Transgene ▶ XALD ▶ YACs ▶ Xanthelasmata ▶ YAG ▶ Xanthoma ▶ Y-Box ▶ Xanthophore ▶ Yeast Artificial Chromosomes ▶ X-Chromosome Inactivation ▶ Yeast Two-Hybrid Analyses BRYAN K. SUN,JEANNIE T. LEE ▶ Z-Disc ▶ X-Chromosome Silencing ▶ Zebrafish ▶ Xenobiotic Substances ▶ Zellweger Syndrome ▶ XenoMouse ▶ Zero Frame ▶ Xenopus as a Model Organism for ▶ Zero-Length Cross-Linkers Functional Genomics: Rich History, ▶ Zinc Finger Domain Promising Future ▶ ZIP MATTHEW W. GROW, ▶ ZNF202 MICHAEL W. KLYMKOWSKY ▶ ZO ▶ Xenopus Laevis ▶ Zona Occludens ▶ Xeroderma Pigmentosum ▶ Zona Pellucida ▶ X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy ▶ Zona Reaction ▶ X-Linked Inheritance ▶ Zone of Polarizing Activity ▶ XML ▶ Zonula Adherens ▶ XP ▶ ZPA ▶ X-Ray Radiation ▶ Zygote ▶ X-Ray Crystallography ▶ Zygotene ▶ X-Ray Crystallography, Basic Principles ▶ Zygotic Transcript RICHARD A. ENGH