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Climate-Glacier Relationship in the Monsoon-Arid Transition Zone: a Case Study in Himachal Pradesh, India
Climate-Glacier relationship in the monsoon-arid transition zone : A Case study in Himachal Pradesh, India Farooq Azam Mohd To cite this version: Farooq Azam Mohd. Climate-Glacier relationship in the monsoon-arid transition zone : A Case study in Himachal Pradesh, India. Earth Sciences. Université de Grenoble, 2014. English. NNT : 2014GRENU032. tel-01230980 HAL Id: tel-01230980 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01230980 Submitted on 19 Nov 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESIS Submitted to obtain the degree of DOCTOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GRENOBLE Speciality : Earth Sciences, Universe and Environment Arrêté ministériel : 1 November 2011 Presented by Mohd Farooq AZAM Thesis directed by Patrick Wagnon and co-directed by Christian Vincent & Ramanathan Alagappan Prepared in the Laboratoire de Glaciologie et de Géophysique de l’Environnement/Laboratoire d'Etudes des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement, UJF/CNRS in Doctoral school Earth Sciences, Universe and Environment Climate-Glacier relationship in the monsoon-arid transition zone: A Case study in Himachal Pradesh, India. Defended publicly : 17 December 2014, Before the jury : Mr. Gerhard KRINNER Research Director, CNRS, LGGE (France), President Mr. Martin HOELZLE Professor, University of Fribourg (Switzerland), Reporter Mr. -
The Bagpipe Treks
1 THE BAGPIPE TREKS Small Treks in Lower hills of Kumaun and Himachal Many times I had to visit Delhi for a short visit from Mumbai. Dealing with babus and the bureaucracy in the capital city could be quite exhausting. So to relax, I would meet my friend, philosopher and guide, the famous writer, Bill Aitken . As we had lunch, watching cricket and talking mountains, he would suggest several ideas enough to fill in a year of trekking. Bill specialises and believes in ‘A Lateral Approach to the Himalaya’1 and would firmly suggest ‘more of the lesser’. I would tuck the information away in my mind and when an opportunity arose, I would go on these small treks from Delhi. Some were 10 days and some were only 4 days (return). We called them ‘The Bagpipe Treks’. Chiltha Ridge One such trip was along the well-trodden path to the Pindari glacier. We travelled from Delhi by an overnight train to Kathgodam, drove to Almora and reached Loharkhet, the starting point of this popular route. Our friends Harsingh and others from the nearby Harkot village were waiting for us with all arrangements. We crossed Dhakuri pass the next day enjoying wonderful views. Staying in rest houses, we enjoyed the forest via Khati and Dwali. The Pindari trail may be overcrowded or too popular but it is still beautiful. We retraced our steps back to Khati and climbed up a ridge to the east of village and were soon on the Chiltha Devi dhar (ridge). We spent the first night at Brijaling dhar and were rewarded with exquisite views of Pindari glacier and Nanda Kot peak. -
Pindari & Kafni Glacier
Pindari & Kafni Glacier Trek Location Kumaon Himalaya, Uttarakhand Area Bageshwar Grade of trek Moderate Co-ordinates 30°14'57"N 80°4'21"E Max. Altitude 3900 m Season mid May - September Duration 10 days The most easily accessible glacier in the Kumaon region, the Pindari Glacier has a beauty of its own. Situated between the snow-capped Nanda Devi and Nanda Kot Mountains, Pindari is a big and steep glacier measuring 3km in length and 0.25km in breadth. River Pindar originates from this Glacier and flows down to confluence into the river Alaknanda. The trekking route to the glacier traverses along the southern wilderness of the Nanda Devi Sanctuary offering some beautiful views of peaks like Panwali Dwar (6683m) and Maiktoli (6803m). A trek to the Pindari Glacier is a "soft adventure" experience and well within the capacity of any trekker who is amply rewarded by the magnificence and grandeur of the towering Himalayas. Trek Itinerary Day 00: Overnight train from Delhi to Kathgodam Day 01 : KATHGODAM - travel to SONG-LOHARKHET (1750 m),6-7 hrs. Our jeep is ready to take us further deep into mountains. Overnight at Rest house. Day 2: LOHARKHET - DHAKURI (2680 M) 11kms It is an 11 km trek today that takes you down into the depths of the valley and then a fair climb to Dhakuri. Overnight is tents. Day 3: DHAKURI - KHATI (2210 M ) 8 kms Trek to Khati, the largest village on this route and is on the banks of the Pindar Ganga. Overnight in Tents / Village huts. Day 4: KHATI - DWALI (2575 M) 11kms (5-6hrs) The trek with the roar of the Pindar Ganga not too far off. -
Nanda Devi : the 'Bliss Giving' Goddess of Kumaun
1 NANDA DEVI : THE ‘BLISS GIVING’ GODDESS OF KUMAUN Mountains, like men, have their history. They too are born, grow, decay and die. One cannot claim that, like men, they love, but it is true - and how true – that they are loved. Felice Benuzzi, No Picnic on Mount Kenya The twin peaks of Nanda Devi (7,816 m) and Nanda Devi East (7,434 m) of Kumaun stand majestically in the centre of a ring of mountains, distinct and beautiful, particularly as the first and the last rays of the sun caress their summits. Hugh Ruttledge, a British explorer, after his attempt to find a route to these peaks in 1932, described the Nanda Devi Sanctuary in a letter to The Times, London: “A seventy- mile barrier ring on which stand twelve measured peaks of over 21,000 ft, which has no depression lower than 17,000 ft except in the west where the Rishi Ganga rising at the foot of Nanda Devi draining the area of some 250 square miles (800 square kilometres) of snow and ice has earned for itself what must be one of the most terrific gorges in the world.” Without the Sanctuary and its wall of high peaks to absorb the main thrust of the icy Tibetan winds, the Gangetic plains, the granary of India, would have been stripped barren. History In 1883, in one of the first attempts to reach the inner sanctuary, W W Graham, a British traveller, tried to forge a way through the Rishi Ganga gorge, failing to make much headway. -
Page 1 PERSPECTIVE PLAN of LOCATION MAP
PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF BAGESHWAR DISTRICT - 2021 U T T A R A K H A N D HIMACHAL PRADESH CHINA HARYANA NEPAL UTTAR PRADESH LOCATION MAP Drg. No. Scale 2.1 Not to Scale ERP DIVISION U T T A R A K H A N D S T A T E Town & Country Planning Organisation Govt. of India, M/o. Urban Development, New Delhi PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF BAGESHWAR DISTRICT - 2021 U T T A R A K H A N D LEGEND STRATIGRAPHY NAGTHAT- BEARING FORMATION MANDHALI FORMATION DEOBAN FORMATION RAUTGARA FORMATION DEBGURU PORPHYROID AUGEN GNEISS GRANITE-GRANODIORITE SARYU-GUMALIKHET & MUNSIARI FORMATION CHAMOLI JOSHIMATH FORMATION LITHOLOGY PITHORAGARH AUGEN GNEISS GNEISS .SCHIST.AUGEN GNEISS LIMESTONE.PHYLITE.SANDSTO NE KAPKOT LIMESTONE.SLATE PHYLITE.MARBLE MASSIVE QUARTZITE PHYLITE.SLATE GARUD QRTZ PORPHYRY.PORPHYRITICGRANITE BAIJNATH SLATES.SHALES BAGESHWAR SOURCE: DISASTER CELL, DISTRICT MAGISTRATE OFFICE, BAGESHWAR ALMORA GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE Drg. No. 2.2 ERP DIVISION Town & Country Planning Organisation Govt. of India, M/o. Urban Development, New Delhi PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF BAGESHWAR DISTRICT-2021 U T T A R A K H A N D PINDARI GLACIER POPULATION DENSITY (PERSONS PER SQ.KM) BELOW 150 151 TO 350 ABOVE 351 KAPKOT CHAMOLI PITHORAGARH GARUD BAIJNATH SOURCE: CENSUS OF INDIA - 2001 BAGESHWAR POPULATION DENSITY ALMORA Drg. No. 3.1 ERP DIVISION Town & Country Planning Organisation Govt. of India, M/o. Urban Development, New Delhi PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF BAGESHWAR DISTRICT-2021 U T T A R A K H A N D PINDARI GLACIER LEGEND DISTRICT BOUNDARY BLOCK BOUNDARY NATIONAL HIGHWAY MAJOR DISTRICT ROADS PROPOSED ROAD RIVER District Headquarters Block Headquarters BASIC VILLAGE CHAMOLI PITHORAGARH TO GWALDAM TO TO MUNSAYARI R I V E R KAPKOT GARUD S A R A Y U G O M A T I R I V E R SOURCE: DISASTER CELL, DISTRICT MAGISTRATE OFFICE, BAGESHWAR Jogiyarimrao BAGESHWAR TO CHAUKODI THAL EXISTING SETTLEMENT GOMATI RIVER PATTERN ALMORA Drg. -
Colonised by Brethren:People and Natural Resource Management In
Colonised by Brethren: People and Natural Resource Management in Uttaranchal Neema Pathak1 and Seema Bhatt2 The beautiful shrine of Tungnath (3680m) in the Garhwal region of Uttaranchal, attracts many visitors. Few visitors realize that the lush forests and the alpine pastures surrounding this shrine, are under the management and control of a village level institution in the valley called the Makku Van Panchayat (VP). Established in 1958, the Makku VP manages an area of over 2000 ha. The villagers follow strict rules and regulations for extraction of forest resources. In addition to the VP, women through their Mahila Mangal Dal (MMD) are also protecting and using civil forests (outside of the VP) based on consensus decision-making. Not very far from the famous Pindari Glacier and en route to the Namik Glacier, among the high rocky mountains, surrounded by several hundred hectares of temperate forests and high altitude pastures or bhugials lies the village Shama in Bageshwar district. In an area of nearly 1500 ha, the village manages a complex system of bhugials, forests, and water sources. The management of these forests is largely the responsibility of the Van Panchayat established in 1954. However, the entire village actively participates in formulation and implementation of rules and regulations. “If you could walk with us we would show you how women have de-silted the fresh water lakes on top of the mountain and how we have protected our forests” says a very proud 30-year old Nandi Korunga, who returned to the village after completing her post-graduation from Bageshwar and is currently the Gram Pradhan (head of village panchayat). -
Glacier Changes in the Garhwal Himalaya, India, from 1968 to 2006 Based on Remote Sensing
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2011 Glacier changes in the Garhwal Himalaya, India, from 1968 to 2006 based on remote sensing Bhambri, R ; Bolch, T ; Chaujar, R K ; Kulshreshtha, S C Abstract: Glacier outlines are mapped for the upper Bhagirathi and Saraswati/Alaknanda basins of the Garhwal Himalaya using Corona and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite images acquired in 1968 and 2006, respectively. A subset of glaciers was also mapped using Landsat TM images acquired in 1990. Glacier area decreased from 599.9 ± 15.6 km2 (1968) to 572.5 ± 18.0 km2 (2006), a loss of 4.6 ± 2.8%. Glaciers in the Saraswati/Alaknanda basin and upper Bhagirathi basin lost 18.4 ± 9.0km2 (5.7±2.7%) and 9.0 ± 7.7km2 (3.3±2.8%), respectively, from 1968 to 2006. Garhwal Himalayan glacier retreat rates are lower than previously reported. More recently (1990–2006), recession rates have increased. The number of glaciers in the study region increased from 82 in 1968 to 88 in 2006 due to fragmentation of glaciers. Smaller glaciers (<1 km2) lost 19.4 ± 2.5% (0.51 ± 0.07% a–1) of their ice, significantly more than for larger glaciers (>50 km2) which lost2.8± 2.7% (0.074 ± 0.071% a–1). From 1968 to 2006, the debris-covered glacier area increased by 17.8 ± 3.1% (0.46 ± 0.08% a–1) in the Saraswati/Alaknanda basin and 11.8 ± 3.0% (0.31 ± 0.08% a–1) in the upper Bhagirathi basin. -
Case of Pindari Glacier Valley
Topographical influences on high altitude forest line in the Indian Central Himalaya: Case of Pindari Glacier Valley Bhawana Soragi, Arti Joshi, and Subrat Sharma* G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643 Uttarakhand *[email protected] Keyword: Himalaya, Watersheds, Treeline, Satellite Image Abstract High altitudes of the Himalaya have been realized to more prone towards temperature increase due to global temperature rise while decrease in temperature limits the plant growth there. Altitudes in high mountains do not support tree growth beyond an elevation and termination of continuum of forests is often termed as forest line/timberline. This is a dynamic state which is influenced by local topography and geography on which a very little knowledge exists for the Himalayan region. This study focuses on the mapping of timberline, using high resolution satellite images, in a glaciated valley (Pindari Valley covering an area of 397.35 km2) having three glaciers (three valleys) in the Indian Central Himalaya. Three valleys exhibit a variation of ~1 km in highest elevation (3050-3970m amsl) of timberline which shows a buffering range for temperature escape for the tree species of timberline. Impact of robust topography will limit this expansion and limit of forest growth as apparent by the fact that about 62% of the area does not have vegetation (snow, glacier, rivers, rock, etc.) in an elevational zone of 4 km (2000-6600m amsl). Presently, vegetation (alpine, forest, and shrubs) are limited to 38% of the area. Timberline also varies considerably (570-700m) in three sub-watersheds of Pindar valley. -
Record of Neotectonic Activity in the Pindari Glacier Valley: Study Based on Glacio-Geomorphic and AMS Fabric Evidences
Open access e-Journal Earth Science India, eISSN: 0974 – 8350 Vol. 4(I), January, 2011, pp.1-14 http://www.earthscienceindia.info/ Record of Neotectonic Activity in the Pindari Glacier valley: Study based on Glacio-geomorphic and AMS Fabric evidences Rameshwar Bali 1 * , K.K. Agarwal 1, S. K. Patil 2, S. Nawaz Ali 1 Saurabh Kumar Rastogi 1 and Kalyan Krishna 1 1 Department of Geology, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007, India 2 Dr. K.S.Krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Jhunsi, Allahabad-221 505, India Email: * [email protected] Abstract Systematic geomorphological studies aided by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) along the Pindari glacier valley suggest continued neotectonic activity in the area. The distribution and orientation of a number of glaciogeomorphic features viz. inclined bedding planes within the lacustrine deposits, asymmetrical terraces, deep entrenched gorges, skewed fans, sharp contact between the U-shaped and the V-shaped valleys and higher bifurcation ratio, The shape parameters T and q determined during the systematic AMS study of a glacio-lacustrine pit profile suggests that during its depositional history, there have been at least two phases, where the primary sedimentary fabric has been overprinted by secondary tectonic fabric. The constricted valley indicates a major phase of rejuvenation prior to 25 ka that inhibited the downstream advancement of Pindari trunk glacier. This was followed by another event of rejuvenation post 3 ka. Key words: Neotectonics, Pindari glacier, Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, Geomorphology, Kumaun Himalaya. Introduction The Pindari glacier lying between the latitude 30º 06' 30" N to 30º 19' 00" N and longitude 79º 55' 30" E to 80º 05' 30" E, is relatively a smaller glacier of Alaknanda basin falling in the Bageshwar district, Uttarakhand (Fig.1). -
Gomukh Tapovan,Pindari Glacier,Doditaal & Darwa Top,Rupin
Gomukh Tapovan Region: Uttarakhand |Grade: Moderate +| Duration: 08 days (Dehradun to Dehradun) | Max Altitude: 14,222 ft ITINERARY Day 1: Dehradun to Gangnani/Gangotri drive – 7/8 h drive Day 2: Gangotri (3,048 m) to Chirbasa (3,600 m) – 6 h trek Day 3: Chirbasa to Bhojbasa (3,800 m) – 3 h trek Day 4: Bhojbasa to Gaumukh (3,900 m) to Tapovan (4,335 m)- 7 h Day 5: Rest day Tapovan (4,463 m) Day 6: Tapovan to Bhojbasa- 5-6 h Day 7: Bhojbasa to Gangotri- 5-6 h Day 8: Gangotri to Dehradun drive- 9 h Best Season: May-June, Sept-Oct Show Your Interest in this trek by filling below form, our team will get in touch with you. Your Name * Your Email * Mobile Number * Send Pindari Glacier Region: Kumaon, Uttarakhand | Grade: Moderate | Duration: 06 days (Kathgodam to Kathgodam) ITINERARY Day 01: Kathgodam to daw (240 kms) by jeep then 5 kms trek Day 02: Daw to jwarpani 14 kms trek Day 03: Jwarpani to pindari glacier with pack lunch.10 kms trek Day 04: Pindariglacieri- to malyadhor (18 kms trek) . Day 05: Malyadhor to dhakuri 13 kms trek kms trek Day 06: Dhakurito kathgodam. Show Your Interest in this trek by filling below form, our team will get in touch with you. Your Name * Your Email * Mobile Number * Send Doditaal & Darwa Top Region: Garhwal, Uttarakhand | Duration: 06 days (Dehradun to Dehradun) | Grade: Moderate | Max Altitude: 13,600 ft ITINERARY Day 01: Dehradun to Uttarkashi( 6 – 8 Hrs) Day 02: Uttarkashi to Sangamchatti transport and trek to Manzi Day 03: Manzi to Doditaal (10,170 ft) Day 04: Doditaal to Darwa top (13600 ft) and back to Doditaal (5 kms) Day 05: Doditaal to Agoda 16 kms Day 06: Agoda to Sangamchatti (04 kmstrek ) and drive to Dehradun ( 6 – 8 Hrs) Show Your Interest in this trek by filling below form, our team will get in touch with you. -
IND:Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP)
Initial Environment Examination Project Number: 47229-001 July 2017 Part A: Main Report (Pages 1 - 118) and Annexures (Pages 119 – 131) IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project (UEAP) Package: Supply, Installation & Commissioning of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) and Installation of Solar Street Lights at various TRHs in Disaster Affected Districts of Pithoragarh & Bageshwar of Kumaon Region, Uttarakhand Submitted by Project implementation Unit –UEAP, Tourism (Kumaon), Nainital This initial environment examination report has been submitted to ADB by Project implementation Unit – UEAP, Tourism (Kumaon), Nainital and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s Public Communications Policy (2011). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. This initial environment examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB Project Number: 3055-IND June: 2017 IND: Uttarakhand Emergency Assistance Project Submitted by Project Implementation Unit, Tourism (Kumaon), UEAP This report has been submitted to ADB by the Project implementation Unit, UEAP, Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam, Dehradun and -
Agricultural Development in Uttarakhand
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN UTTARAKHAND ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Boctor of $I)tlas(opt)p IN GEOGRAPHY BY MUMTAJ AHMAD Under the Supervision of Dr. Shamsul Haque Siddiqui ( Reader) DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2002 ABSTRACT The study region of the present research work, Uttarakhand comprising eight districts namely, Nainital, Almora, Pithoragarh of Kumaun, Chamoli, Uttarkashi, Tehri-Garhwal, Pauri-Garhwal and Dehradun of Garhwal division. It extends from 28°43'24" and 31°27'30" N latitude and 77°34'27" and 80°7'22" E longitudes. It encompasses an area of 51,125 square kilometres and account total population of 5.926 million (according to Census of India 1991). The eocnomy of this region depends on agriculture, where more than 80 per cent of its population dependent upon this source. Being a hilly area, there is scarcity of agricultural land and the share of per capita cultivated land is very low. The present study is carried out for the period from 1979-80 to 1994-95. It is based on secondary soruces of data. There are the following techniques have bene used by the author for the analysis of the present study as follows. i) The physical setting of Uttarakhand has been described in detail. ii) To examine the trends of agricultural development, trend lines have been plotted with the help of regression equation Y = a + bX, regression lines make it possible to show the exact change in area and production of different crops. iii) To assess the development of agriculture by the diffusion of technological and institutional factors per thousand hectares of cultivated land has been opted for the analysis of agricultural mechanization i.e.