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Chettri&Eilenberg2021 Author's Version Edited by Mona Chettri and Michael Eilenberg Development Zones in Asian Borderlands This is the author’s version of the book manuscript Development Zones in Asian Borderlands edited by Mona Chettri and Michael Eilenberg and published in the Asian Borderlands book series at Amsterdam University Press in May 2021. The author’s version is the manuscript after peer-review and accepted for publication. Link to the published book: https://www.aup.nl/en/book/9789463726238/development- zones-in-asian-borderlands ISBN: 9789463726238 Author's version Development Zones in Asian Borderlands Editors: Mona Chettri and Michael Eilenberg Table of Contents List of Figures Chapter and Locations (Overview map of locations, Figure 0.1) Notes of Contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: “Enclave Development and Socio-spatial Transformations in Asian Borderlands” Mona Chettri and Michael Eilenberg Chapter 1. “Post-disaster Development Zones and Dry Ports as Geopolitical Infrastructures in Nepal” Galen Murton Chapter 2. “Onwards and Upwards: Aerial Development Zones in Nepal” Tina Harris Chapter 3. “Casinos as Special Zones: Speculative Development on Nation’s Edge” Juan Zhang Chapter 4. “Thinking the Zone: Development, Climate, and Heterodystopia” Jason Cons Chapter 5. “From Shangri-La to De-facto SEZ: Land Grabs from ‘Below’ in Sikkim, India” Mona Chettri Chapter 6. “Development Zones in Conflict-affected Borderlands: The case of Muse, Northern Shan State, Myanmar” Patrick Meehan, Sai Aung Hla and Sai Kham Phu Chapter 7. “Smart Enclaves in the Borderland: Digital Obligations in Northeast India” Duncan McDuie-Ra Author's version Chapter 8. “Post-Disaster Economies at the Margins: Development, Profit, and Insecurities Across Nepal’s Northern Borderlands” Nadine Plachta Chapter 9. “Development from the margins: Failing zones and suspended development in an Indonesian Border Village” Sindhunata Hargyono Chapter 10. “From Boom to Bust – to Boom Again? Infrastructural Suspension and the Making of a Development Zone at the China-Laos Borderlands” Alessandro Rippa Chapter 11. “Genealogies of Extraction: De Facto Development Zones in the Indonesian Borderlands” Thomas Mikkelsen and Michael Eilenberg Index List of Figures Author's version 0.1 Overview map of chapter authors and locations 1.1 Roads of Rasuwa and Sindhupalchok Districts in Nepal’s Bagmati Zone 1.2 Larcha Dry Port 2.1 Himalaya 2 Route 2.2 Tribhuvan International Airport, Katmandu 4.1 Climate Smart Integrated House, Gabura, Bangladesh 4.2 Backyard of the Climate Smart Integrated House, Gabura, Bangladesh 5.1 Concrete aspirations: Sun Pharmaceuticals factory and new constructions along the Seti river 5.2 Ambiguous claims: dilapidated CWC signboard 5.3 ‘Tight spaces’: bordering on the edges of licit and illicit 6.1 Muse-Ruili map 6.2 Militias operating in Muse 7.1 Screenshot of the Imphal Smart City Webpage 8.1 Tsum in a regional context 8.2 Habitual cross-border geographies in Tsum 8.3 Appey’s tented shop at Bachu 8.4 A woman pauses during construction on a walking trail in Tsum 9.1 As a way to brace for an urbanized future, sub-district and village offices worked together to expand the village’s settlement area 9.2 On the corner of the non-functioning diesel power plant, the facility’s in-situ technician/guard uses one of the transformers to dry his kitchen towels 10.1 Abandoned swimming pool near an apartment complex in Boten 10.2 Bulldozers working 24/7 to clear ground for a new housing project in the Boten SEZ 11.1 Locations of proposed KEKs I and II 11.2 What is today a grazing field for livestock, was once the site of some of the most productive oil wells in Indonesia, attracting capital and manpower from all over the world 11.3 Thousand of tambaks, freshwater ponds for farming tiger-shrimp, proliferate steadily up the rivers and waterways of North Kalimantan Author's version Notes on Contributors Author's version Alessandro Rippa is Associate Professor of Chinese Studies at Tallinn University, and “freigeist” fellow (2020-2025) at the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, LMU Munich. He is the author of Borderland Infrastructures: Trade, Development, and Control in Western China (AUP, 2020) and co-editor of the Routledge Handbook of Asian Borderlands (2018). Duncan McDuie-Ra is Professor of Urban Sociology at the University of Newcastle. His research focuses on urban frontiers in Asia. His most recent sole-authored books include Northeast Migrants in Delhi: Race, refuge and retail (Amsterdam University Press, 2012), Debating Race in Contemporary India (Palgrave MacMillan, 2015) and Borderland City in New India: Frontier to Gateway (Amsterdam University Press, 2016). Galen Murton is Assistant Professor of Geographic Science in the School of Integrated Sciences at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia (USA). His research interests include roads, borders, post-disaster reconstruction, and the geopolitics of infrastructure development in Highland Asia. Jason Cons is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Texas at Austin. He is the author of Sensitive Space: Fragmented Territory at the India-Bangladesh Border (University of Washington Press) and the co-editor with Michael Eilenberg of Frontier Assemblages: The Emergent Politics of Resource Frontiers in Asia (Wiley 2019). Juan Zhang is Lecture in Social Anthropology at the University of Bristol. Her research interests include transnational mobilities, borders, labour migration, and casinos in Asia. Her recent co-edited book is entitled The Art of Neighbouring: Making Relations Across China's Borders (Amsterdam University Press, 2017). Michael Eilenberg is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at Aarhus University. His research focuses on issues of state formation, sovereignty, autonomy, citizenship and agrarian expansion in frontier regions of Southeast Asia. He is the author of At the Edges of States (KITLV Press/Brill Academic Publishers 2012) and co-editor with Jason Cons of Frontier Assemblages: The Emergent Politics of Resource Frontiers in Asia (Wiley 2019). Mona Chettri is a Next Generation Network Scholar at the Australia-India Institute, University of Western Australia. She is the author of ‘Constructing Democracy: Ethnicity and Democracy in the eastern Himalayan borderland’ (Amsterdam University Press, 2017). Her current research focuses on infrastructure, urbanisation and gender in the Sikkim- Darjeeling Himalaya. Nadine Plactha is a visiting scholar and postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Geography at the University of Colorado Boulder. Trained in social anthropology and global studies she contributes to critical debates on ethnicity, citizenship, and the state as well as on infrastructure development and the environment. Her research is based on long-term ethnographic engagement in South Asian borderlands, particularly in Nepal. Patrick Meehan is a post-doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Development Studies at SOAS, and a Co-Investigator on the research project 'Drugs and (dis)order: Building sustainable peacetime economies in the aftermath of war’. His research explores the dynamics of violence, conflict and development, and engages specifically with the Author's version relationship between drugs and processes of statebuilding and peacebuilding, with a primary focus on Myanmar’s borderlands with China and Thailand. Sai Aung Hla is the executive director of the Shan Herald Agency for News (SHAN), whose news agency reports on politics, economics, war and conflict, human rights and environmental issues in Shan State and Myanmar. He is also the project manager at SHAN for the research project led by SOAS University of London, entitled: ‘GCRF Drugs and (dis)order: Building sustainable peacetime economies in the aftermath of war’. Sai Kham Phu is a research manager at Shan Herald Agency for News (SHAN) and conducts fieldwork for the project 'Drugs and (dis)order: Building sustainable peacetime economies in the aftermath of war’. Funded by the UK Government’s Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF), this project explores the political economy of drugs and war to peace transitions in borderland regions of Afghanistan, Colombia and Myanmar. Sindhunata Hargyono is a PhD candidate in the Department of Anthropology and an Arryman Scholar at Equality Development and Globalization Studies, both at Northwestern University. He is currently working on his dissertation research on frontier-making and the changing state-ethnic minority relationship through the lens of an Indonesian border village. Thomas Mikkelsen is a PhD candidate in Anthropology at Aarhus University. He has conducted fieldwork on resource extraction, sovereignty and decentralization in a marine context in Indonesia. His dissertation project, conducted over 11 months, examines everyday life in and around the ruins of the farmed shrimp sector. Tina Harris is Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Amsterdam, and co- director of the Moving Matters research group. She works on topics such as aviation, borderlands, and mobilities, particularly in the Himalayas. Her current research focuses on understanding the management of increasing air traffic from an ethnographic perspective. Author's version Acknowledgments The editors would like to thank all the authors for their enthusiasm, active engagement with, and support of this project. Despite being in the midst of a pandemic, with additional demands on their personal and professional time, all the authors supported this endeavour by contributing excellent
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