DOCSLIB.ORG

“Madcap Ciss with Golliwog Curls”: Race-Ing and Erasing the Body Feminine in Ulysses’ “Nausicaa”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Madcap Ciss with Golliwog Curls”: Race-Ing and Erasing the Body Feminine in Ulysses’ “Nausicaa” “Madcap Ciss with Golliwog Curls”: Race-ing and Erasing the Body Feminine in Ulysses’ “Nausicaa” * 정혜연 37) The prognathous Paddy with ape-like features was a conventional representation of the Irish in the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. Paddy moseyed along the imagination of the British imperialists as the “missing link” between apes and black Africans. One popular cartoon titled “The King of A-Shantee” shows Paddy and his wife Bridget in their native habitat, a shanty. As Vincent Cheng observes, the British, articulating the logic of white male dominance and social stratification, punned on the word “A-Shantee” and paralleled this “essentialized Irish pair” with the African Ashanti as a way to reinforce the idea of Irish racial inferiority.1) Cissy Caffrey, with her “golliwog Figure 1. “The King of A-Shantee” * 성신여자대학교 영어영문학과 조교수 1) Vincent. J. Cheng, 1995, Joyce, Race, and Empire (Cambridge UP, New York & Cambridge) p. 33 128 인문과학연구 제31집 curls”2) is an unruly Joycean lass from Paddy and Bridget’s brood.3) In “Nausicaa,” she is the cross-dressing, tomboyish, impudent “dark one with the mop head and the nigger mouth [sic],” whose full lips are made to whistle impudent tunes.4) “Raced” as black, Cissy also appears as a “shilling whore” in “Circe”:5) as we can see, Cissy’s body is inscribed with overt markers which render her the racial/sexual Other and places her beyond the polite society of the Dublin gentry. Considering that racializing and feminizing the Irish were disenfranchising strategies oft employed by the patriarchal British empire, one may question why James Joyce, who severely criticized British political oppression over the Irish, would recycle such offensive and incendiary stereotypes in his modernist tour de force, Ulysses (1922). One simple answer is that Cissy, placed under double jeopardy by the blackening and the gendering of her body, can be seen as an embodiment of Ireland, and Joyce was trying to explore through Cissy the precarious positionality of Ireland. Admittedly, a study of Joyce’s Cissy 2) James Joyce, 1990, Ulysses (Vintage International, New York) p. 353 In this essay, I will henceforth abbreviate Ulysses as U. 3) Based on a 19th century children’s book character, the golliwog was a type of rag doll with “black skin, eyes rimmed in white, clown lips, and frizzy hair” (“Golliwogg”). In its outward appearance, the golliwog shares close proximity to “Topsy,” and “Sambo,” two popular racist caricatures of blacks. This similarity is made all the more evident when set against the description of Topsy in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852): “[Topsy] was one of the blackest of her race; and her round, shining eyes, glittering as glass beads, moved with quick and restless glances over everything in the room. Her mouth half open with astonishment at the wonders of the new Mas’r’s parlor, displayed a white and brilliant set of teeth. Her woolly hair was braided in sundry little tails, which stuck out in every direction. [...] Altogether, there was something odd and goblin-like about her appearance-something [...] ‘so heathenish’”(258). Despite the great popularity of the golliwog, the doll (not surprisingly) sparked public outrage as it was seen as racist; in the UK, golliwog is thought to have been abbreviated to ‘wog’ [sic], a “racial slur applied to [all] dark-skinned people” (“Golliwogg”). 4) James Joyce, 1990, op.cit., p. 371 5) Ibid., p. 587 “Madcap Ciss with Golliwog Curls” ❚ 정혜연 129 enables us to scrutinize his political commentary on the intersecting ideologies of race, gender, and colonialism. Nonetheless, we would be remiss to facilely accept the blackening of Cissy as Joyce’s critique on the plights of the Irish in British-occupied Ireland; this essay thus inspects the problematic characterization of Cissy, which places her as the polar opposite of Gerty MacDowell who, according to Suzette Henke, is the “second most prominent female character in Ulysses” and appears as the very epitome of conventional femininity.6) While one is embraced as protagonist Bloom’s sexual fantasy and the other repudiated, both Gerty and Cissy, in a sense, are products of a masculinist discourse which strips them of their agency; along these lines, I will also look into the narrative structure of “Nausicaa,” which awards only to immediately divest the authority of female narrative voice. In lieu of extending the racism/misogyny debate in Joyce’s magnum opus, I aim to re-read the chapter with Cissy at its core and reconsider the vestiges of racist and sexist discourse which may unwittingly have become elided by the urgency to figure Cissy as Ireland incarnate. At this juncture, it may be useful to contextualize “Nausicaa” with a discussion of the sexual and racial stereotyping of Ireland. In the nineteenth century, issues of race and racial categorization preoccupied the minds of the British. Such remarks made by Benjamin Disraeli who argued that “[r]ace implies difference, difference implies superiority, and superiority leads to predominance”7) instigated the Britons’ zeal to validate their dominance over, colonization of, and racist policies towards the Irish, the Africans, and other colonized people who, as a rule, were considered to be of a distinct race 6) Suzette Henke, 1982, “Gerty MacDowell: Joyce’s Sentimental Heroine” Women in Joyce (U of Illinois P, Urbana & Chicago) p. 132 7) Herbert H. Odom, 1967, “Generalizations of Race in Nineteenth-Century Physical Anthropology” Isis 58 p. 9 130 인문과학연구 제31집 from the Anglo-Saxons and thus lacking “sympathy with the English character.”8) Implementing a strict racial binary, the British endowed these contemptible Others with traits feared and despised by the respectable Englishmen; subsequently, Paddy and Bridget were lambasted as “childish, emotionally unstable, ignorant, indolent, superstitious, primitive or semi-civilized, dirty, vengeful, and violent” savages, who have been “savages since the world began, and will be forever savages.”9) In this way, Victorian discourse solidified the image of the Irish as barbarians, dependent upon the governance and the benevolence of the British Empire. And acting upon a persistent attempt to bind the Irish with other “barbarians,” the British went so far as to manufacture arbitrary criteria to prove the Irish as “white niggers” [sic] or “Europe’s blacks.” For instance, John Beddoe, an influential Victorian ethnologist, developed the “index of nigriscence” to specify one’s racial and ethnic identity by calculating the amount of melanin in skin, eyes, and hair. Inevitably, Beddoe’s criterion provided “scientific” evidence to confirm the African genesis of the “Africanoid” Celts.10) The nigrification of the Irish led to their infantilization, and not unlike their American “Negro” counterparts Topsy and Sambo, Paddy and Bridget were demoted to “neglected and badly brought up children” lacking autonomy.11) Yet another step in the disenfranchisement of the Irish led to their feminization, which is not surprising since many literary critics and social scientists have expounded upon the knot of complicity between societal hierarchies of race and gender. L. P Curtis notes that the feminization of 8) Vincent J. Cheng, 1995, op, cit., p. 21 9) Ibid., p. 20, 28 10) Ibid., p. 31 11) Ibid., p. 27 “Madcap Ciss with Golliwog Curls” ❚ 정혜연 131 the Irish alludes to an implicit collusion between patriarchal and imperial notions of autonomy. Underscoring the relevance of an “assumed connection between femininity and unfitness for self-government,” Curtis submits that: The habit of assigning sexual genders to various races and nation [...] in a period when demands for female suffrage were being resisted by the overwhelming majority of Parliament, when the very idea of female emancipation aroused deep fears among the male members of the population, the assignment of feminine traits of mind to a people like the Irish certainly did not enhance their claim for political emancipation [and] the self-consciously mature and virile Anglo-Saxon had no intention of conferring his sophisticated institutions upon the childlike and feminine Irish Celts, as also on women and children.12) In a word, the feminization of the Irish, in tandem with their infantilization and nigrification, were strategies undertaken to confiscate the Irish of their political agency and self-sufficiency. Without a doubt, Joyce lived in “an era of gendered racialism; it colored the world narratives of philosophy, history, government, and science [and he] imbibed it as much as others did.”13) Joyce was very much a product of the racist (as well as sexist) discourse of his time. Still, many critics have made attempts (perhaps rightfully so) to safeguard Joyce against allegations of racism and other forms of prejudice; maintaining that Ulysses is a novel that “publicly [...] parodies racialism,” Laura Doyle italicizes that Joyce had “the originality to reject this kind of masculinist racialism.”14) Vincent 12) L. P. Curtis, Jr., 1968, Anglo-Saxon and Celts: A Study of Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England (U of Bridgeport P, Bridgeport) pp. 61-2 13) Laura Doyle, 1993, “Races and Chains: The Sexuo-Racial Matrix in Ulysses” Joyce: The Return of the Repressed (Cornell UP, Ithaca & London) p. 154 14) Ibid., p. 154 132 인문과학연구 제31집 Cheng too contends that Joyce wrote insistently from the perspective of a colonial subject of an oppressive empire and that he was cognizant of the devastating corollaries of and expressed distinct distaste for such racist discourse.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the HBSC Collection
    Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center’s Collections Finding Aid To schedule a research appointment, please call the Collections Manager at 860.522.9258 ext. 313 or email [email protected] Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the Stowe Center's Collection Note: See end of document for manuscript type definitions. Manuscript type & Recipient Title Date Place length Collection Summary Other Information [Stowe's first known letter] Ten year-old Harriet Beecher writes to her older brother Edward attending Yale. She would like to see "my little sister Isabella". Foote family news. Talks of spending the Nutplains summer at Nutplains. Asks him to write back. Loose signatures of Beecher, Edward (1803-1895) 1822 March 14 [Guilford, CT] ALS, 1 pp. Acquisitions Lyman Beecher and HBS. Album which belonged to HBS; marbelized paper with red leather spine. First written page inscribed: Your Affectionate Father Lyman At end, 1 1/2-page mss of a 28 verse, seven Beecher Sufficient to the day is the evil thereof. Hartford Aug 24, stanza poem, composed by Mrs. Stowe, 1840". Pages 2 and 3 include a poem. There follow 65 mss entitled " Who shall not fear thee oh Lord". poems, original and quotes, and prose from relatives and friends, This poem seems never to have been Katharine S. including HBS's teacher at Miss Pierece's school in Litchfield, CT, published. [Pub. in The Hartford Courant Autograph Bound mss, 74 Day, Bound John Brace. Also two poems of Mrs. Hemans, copied in HBS's Sunday Magazine, Sept., 1960].Several album 1824-1844 Hartford, CT pp.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of Uncle Tom
    1 THE END OF UNCLE TOM A woman, her body ripped vertically in half, introduces The End of Uncle Tom and the Grand Allegorical Tableau of Eva in Heaven from 1995 (figs.3 and 4), while a visual narra- tive with both life and death at stake undulates beyond the accusatory gesture of her pointed finger. An adult man raises his hands to the sky, begging for deliverance, and delivers a baby. A second man, obese and legless, stabs one child with his sword while joined at the pelvis with another. A trio of children play a dangerous game that involves a hatchet, a chopping block, a sharp stick, and a bucket. One child has left the group and is making her way, with rhythmic defecation, toward three adult women who are naked to the waist and nursing each other. A baby girl falls from the lap of one woman while reaching for her breast. With its references to scatology, infanticide, sodomy, pedophilia, and child neglect, this tableau is a troubling tribute to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin—the sentimental, antislavery novel written in 1852. It is clearly not a straightfor- ward illustration, yet the title and explicit references to racialized and sexualized violence on an antebellum plantation leave little doubt that there is a significant relationship between the two works. Cut from black paper and adhered to white gallery walls, this scene is composed of figures set within a landscape and depicted in silhouette. The medium is particularly apt for this work, and for Walker’s project more broadly, for a number of reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction R. J. Ellis One of the most influential books ever written, Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly was also one of the most popular in the nineteenth century. Stowe wrote her novel in order to advance the anti-slavery cause in the ante-bellum USA, and rooted her attempt to do this in a ‘moral suasionist’ approach — one designed to persuade her US American compatriots by appealing to their God-given sense of morality. This led to some criticism from immediate abolitionists — who wished to see slavery abolished immediately rather than rely upon [per]suasion. Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published in 1852 as a serial in the abolitionist newspaper National Era . It was then printed in two volumes in Boston by John P. Jewett and Company later in 1852 (with illustrations by Hammatt Billings). The first printing of five thousand copies was exhausted in a few days. Title page, with illustration by Hammatt Billings, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Vol. 1, Boston, John P. Jewett and Co., 1852 During 1852 several reissues were printed from the plates of the first edition; each reprinting also appearing in two volumes, with the addition of the words ‘Tenth’ to ‘One Hundred and Twentieth Thousand’ on the title page, to distinguish between each successive re-issue. Later reprintings of the two-volume original carried even higher numbers. These reprints appeared in various bindings — some editions being quite lavishly bound. One-volume versions also appeared that same year — most of these being pirated editions. From the start the book attracted enormous attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Words Lead to War?
    Middle School Uncle Tom’s Cabin Inquiry Can Words Lead to War? Full-page illustration from first edition Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Hammatt Billings. Available in Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture. Supporting Questions 1. How did Harriet Beecher Stowe describe slavery in Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 2. What led Harriet Beecher Stowe to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 3. How did northerners and southerners react to Uncle Tom’s Cabin? 4. How did Uncle Tom’s Cabin affect abolitionism? THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION- NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE. 1 Middle School Uncle Tom’s Cabin Inquiry Can Words Lead to War? Framework for Summary Objective 12: Students will understand the growth of the abolitionist movement in the Teaching American 1830s and the Southern view of the movement as a physical, economic and political threat. Slavery Consider the power of words and examine a video of students using words to try to bring about Staging the Question positive change. Supporting Question 1 Supporting Question 2 Supporting Question 3 Supporting Question 4 How did Harriet Beecher What led Harriet Beecher How did people in the How did Uncle Tom’s Stowe describe slavery in Stowe to write Uncle North and South react to Cabin affect abolitionism? Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Tom’s Cabin? Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Formative Formative Formative Formative Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task Complete a source analysis List four quotes from the Make a T-chart comparing Participate in a structured chart to write a summary sources that point to the viewpoints expressed discussion regarding the of Uncle Tom’s Cabin that Stowe’s motivation and in northern and southern impact Uncle Tom’s Cabin includes main ideas and write a paragraph newspaper reviews of had on abolitionism.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncle Tom's Cabin Lesson Plan
    Uncle Tom's Cabin Lesson Plan BY THE CIVIL WAR TRUST Grades: 6-8 Approximate Length of Time: 3-4 class days (without the time it takes to read Uncle Tom’s Cabin ) Goals: 1. To understand public attitudes towards African Americans and towards slavery at the time of Uncle Tom's Cabin . 2. To understand how abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe used Uncle Tom's Cabin to sway public opinion. 3. To understand why the Fugitive Slave Act became one of the turning points in the relations between the North and the South that ultimately led to war. Objectives: 1. Students will be able to read a historical novel or excerpt and answer 4 related questions with 80% accuracy. 2. Using a news article or website, students will make a 3-5 minute oral presentation to their peers about a current issue and how this issue relates to the historical issue being discussed. 3. Students will write a single paragraph in which they take on the perspective of a historical figure and develop any argument this person might have made regarding the issue being discussed. 4. Students will analyze a historical image and answer 3-5 related questions. 5. Students will participate in a readers' theater from a historical novel and answer 3-5 related questions. Materials Used: 1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book Version 2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Audio Version 3. Illustration A Slave Auction at the South Anticipatory Set/Hook: Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published March 20, 1852. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the novel in response to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which required the citizens in Northern states to return escaped slaves to the South.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annotated Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
    The Annotated Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Hollis Robbins A Choose to Read Ohio Toolkit About the Book Declared worthless and dehumanizing by the novelist and critic James Baldwin in 1955, Uncle Tom's Cabin has lacked literary credibility for over fifty years. In this refutation of Baldwin, co-editors Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Hollis Robbins affirm the literary transcendence of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 masterpiece. As Gates and Robbins underscore, there has never been a single work of fiction that has had a greater effect on American history than Uncle Tom's Cabin . Along with a variety of historical images and an expanded introductory essay, Gates and Robbins have richly edited the original text with hundreds of annotations which illuminate life in the South during nineteenth-century slavery, the abolitionist movement and the influential role played by devout Christians. They also offer details on the life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, the Underground Railroad, Stowe's literary motives, her writing methods, and the novel's wide-ranging impact on the American public. About the Author and Editors Harriet Beecher Stowe is best known for her first book, Uncle Tom's Cabin ( 1852). Begun as a serial for the Washington anti-slavery weekly, the National Era , it focused public interest on the issue of slavery, and was deeply controversial. In writing the book, Stowe drew on personal experience. She was familiar with slavery, the antislavery movement, and the Underground Railroad. Kentucky, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio, where Stowe had lived, was a slave state.
    [Show full text]
  • The Semantics and Pragmatics of Slurs and Thick Terms Bianca Cepollaro
    The Semantics and Pragmatics of slurs and thick terms Bianca Cepollaro To cite this version: Bianca Cepollaro. The Semantics and Pragmatics of slurs and thick terms. Philosophy. Uni- versité Paris sciences et lettres; Scuola normale superiore (Pise, Italie), 2017. English. NNT : 2017PSLEE003. tel-01508856 HAL Id: tel-01508856 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01508856 Submitted on 14 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University Préparée dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa et École Normale Supérieure, Paris La sémantique et la pragmatique des termes d’offense et des termes éthiques épais Ecole doctorale n°540 ÉCOLE TRANSDISCIPLINAIRE LETTRES/SCIENCES Spécialité Philosophie COMPOSITION DU JURY : Mme. JESHION Robin University of South California, Rapporteur M. VÄYRYNEN Pekka University of Leeds, Rapporteur Mme. BIANCHI Claudia Soutenue par Bianca Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Membre du jury CEPOLLARO Le 20 janvier 2017h Mme. SBISÀ Marina Università degli Studi di Trieste, Membre du jury Dirigée par Pier Marco BERTINETTO et Isidora STOJANOVIC The semantics and pragmatics of slurs and thick terms Bianca Cepollaro Abstract In this thesis I develop a uniform account of slurs and thick terms in terms of presuppositions.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncle Tom's Cabin: Its History, Its Issues, and Its Consequences
    Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Its History, Its Issues, and Its Consequences Abstract: This research paper analyzes Harriet Beecher Stowe’s most influential and successful work, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Although Uncle Tom’s Cabin began as a simple novel written by a woman who was both a wife and mother, it grew to be one of the strongest antislavery books and was even credited with giving the impetus to initiate the Civil War. Stowe incorporated several strongly debated issues of her time in the novel, including slavery, alcohol temperance, and gender roles. However, she was careful to work within the accepted social boundaries and was thus able to appeal to many groups through her novel. Nevertheless, Uncle Tom’s Cabin was highly controversial and sparked a storm of discussion and action from the entire world. This paper explores Stowe’s life, the issues contained within the novel and their presentation, and the reactions of the American public and the world. Course: American Literature I, ENGL 2310 Semester/Year: FA/2012 Instructor: Deborah S. Koelling 1 Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Its History, Its Issues, and Its Consequences When she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe had no idea that she was unleashing a literary giant on the world. Stowe herself was a good wife and mother, and her accomplishment is astonishing for both its near-radical ideas and for its traditional presentation,. Some of the strength of the novel is drawn from Stowe’s own life experiences and struggles, further intensifying the message of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. In fact, Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying, “so this is little woman who caused the great war!” (in reference to the Civil War, qtd.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature
    Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Erich Poncza The Impact of American Minstrelsy on Blackface in Europe Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel, B.A. 2017 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature 1 I would like to thank my supervisor Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel, B.A. for his guidance and help in the process of writing my bachelor´s theses. 2 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………..………....……5 1. Stereotyping………………………………………..…….………………..………….6 2. Origins of Blackface………………………………………………….…….……….10 3. Blackface Caricatures……………………………………………………………….13 Sambo………………………………………………………….………………14 Coon…………………………………………………………………….……..15 Pickaninny……………………………………………………………………..17 Jezebel…………………………………………………………………………18 Savage…………………………………………………………………………22 Brute……………………………………………………….………........……22 4. European Blackface and Stereotypes…………………………..……….….……....26 Minstrelsy in England…………………………………………………………28 Imagery………………………………………………………………………..31 Blackface………………………………………………………..…………….36 Czech Blackface……………………………………………………………….40 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….44 Images…………………………………………………………………………………46 Works Cited………………………………………………………………….………..52 Summary………………………………………………………….……………………59 Resumé……………………………………………………………………..………….60 3 Introduction Blackface is a practice that involves people, mostly white, painting their faces
    [Show full text]
  • ED311449.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 311 449 CS 212 093 AUTHOR Baron, Dennis TITLE Declining Grammar--and Other Essays on the English Vocabulary. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, Ill. REPORT NO ISBN-0-8141-1073-8 PUB DATE 89 NOTE :)31p. AVAILABLE FROM National Council of Teachers of English, 1111 Kenyon Rd., Urbana, IL 61801 (Stock No. 10738-3020; $9.95 member, $12.95 nonmember). PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Viewpoints (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *English; Gr&mmar; Higher Education; *Language Attitudes; *Language Usage; *Lexicology; Linguistics; *Semantics; *Vocabulary IDENTIFIERS Words ABSTRACT This book contains 25 essays about English words, and how they are defined, valued, and discussed. The book is divided into four sections. The first section, "Language Lore," examines some of the myths and misconceptions that affect attitudes toward language--and towards English in particular. The second section, "Language Usage," examines some specific questions of meaning and usage. Section 3, "Language Trends," examines some controversial r trends in English vocabulary, and some developments too new to have received comment before. The fourth section, "Language Politics," treats several aspects of linguistic politics, from special attempts to deal with the ethnic, religious, or sex-specific elements of vocabulary to the broader issues of language both as a reflection of the public consciousness and the U.S. Constitution and as a refuge for the most private forms of expression. (MS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY J. Maxwell TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." U S.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Skin, White Masks (Get Political)
    Black Skin, White Masks Fanon 00 pre i 4/7/08 14:16:58 <:IEA>I>86A www.plutobooks.com Revolution, Black Skin, Democracy, White Masks Socialism Frantz Fanon Selected Writings Forewords by V.I. Lenin Homi K. Edited by Bhabha and Paul Le Blanc Ziauddin Sardar 9780745328485 9780745327600 Jewish History, The Jewish Religion Communist The Weight Manifesto of Three Karl Marx and Thousand Years Friedrich Engels Israel Shahak Introduction by Forewords by David Harvey Pappe / Mezvinsky/ 9780745328461 Said / Vidal 9780745328409 Theatre of Catching the Oppressed History on Augusto Boal the Wing 9780745328386 Race, Culture and Globalisation A. Sivanandan Foreword by Colin Prescod 9780745328348 Fanon 00 pre ii 4/7/08 14:16:59 black skin whiteit masks FRANTZ FANON Translated by Charles Lam Markmann Forewords by Ziauddin Sardar and Homi K. Bhabha PLUTO PRESS www.plutobooks.com Fanon 00 pre iii 4/7/08 14:17:00 Originally published by Editions de Seuil, France, 1952 as Peau Noire, Masques Blanc First published in the United Kingdom in 1986 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA This new edition published 2008 www.plutobooks.com Copyright © Editions de Seuil 1952 English translation copyright © Grove Press Inc 1967 The right of Homi K. Bhabha and Ziauddin Sardar to be identifi ed as the authors of the forewords to this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7453 2849 2 Hardback ISBN 978 0 7453 2848 5 Paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • English Folk Traditions and Changing Perceptions About Black People in England
    Trish Bater 080207052 ‘Blacking Up’: English Folk Traditions and Changing Perceptions about Black People in England Submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy by Patricia Bater National Centre for English Cultural Tradition March 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. Trish Bater 080207052 2 Abstract This thesis investigates the custom of white people blacking their faces and its continuation at a time when society is increasingly aware of accusations of racism. To provide a context, an overview of the long history of black people in England is offered, and issues about black stereotypes, including how ‘blackness’ has been perceived and represented, are considered. The historical use of blackface in England in various situations, including entertainment, social disorder, and tradition, is described in some detail. It is found that nowadays the practice has largely been rejected, but continues in folk activities, notably in some dance styles and in the performance of traditional (folk) drama. Research conducted through participant observation, interview, case study, and examination of web-based resources, drawing on my long familiarity with the folk world, found that participants overwhelmingly believe that blackface is a part of the tradition they are following and is connected to its past use as a disguise. However, although all are aware of the sensitivity of the subject, some performers are fiercely defensive of blackface, while others now question its application and amend their ‘disguise’ in different ways.
    [Show full text]