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62690 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 234 / Thursday, December 6, 2018 / Rules and Regulations certification requirements of 14 CFR To maintain the same level of safety sources of engine- and APU-generated part 36. envisioned by the existing rule with electrical power inoperative (electrical The FAA issues special conditions, as traditional mechanical flight controls, power sources excluding the battery and defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance the Textron Model 700 airplane design any other standby electrical sources). with § 11.38, and they become part of must not be time-limited in its operation The airplane operation should be the type certification basis under under all reasonably foreseeable considered at the critical phase of flight, § 21.17(a)(2). conditions, including loss of all normal and should include the ability to restart sources of engine or auxiliary power the engines and maintain flight for the Novel or Unusual Design Features unit (APU)-generated electrical power. maximum diversion-time capability The Textron Model 700 airplane will Textron must demonstrate that the being certified. incorporate the following novel or airplane can maintain safe flight and Issued in Des Moines, Washington, on unusual design feature: A fly-by-wire landing (including rollout and brake November 30, 2018. rudder-control system that requires a control through full stop) with the use Paul Siegmund, continuous source of electrical power to of its emergency/alternate electrical- Acting Manager, Transport Standards maintain an operable rudder flight- power systems. These electrical-power Branch, Policy and Innovation Division, control system. The loss of this system systems, or the minimum restorable Aircraft Certification Service. may result in loss of flight control and electrical-power sources, must be able to [FR Doc. 2018–26455 Filed 12–4–18; 8:45 am] power loads that are essential for may be catastrophic to the airplane. BILLING CODE 4910–13–P continued safe flight and landing, Discussion including those required for the The Textron Model 700 airplane has maximum length of approved flight DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION a fly-by-wire rudder-control system that diversion. requires a continuous source of These special conditions contain the Federal Aviation Administration electrical power to maintain an operable additional safety standards that the flight-control system. Section Administrator considers necessary to 14 CFR Part 39 establish a level of safety equivalent to 25.1351(d), operation without normal [Docket No. FAA–2018–0512; Product electrical power, requires safe operation that established by existing Identifier 2017–NM–170–AD; Amendment in visual flight rule (VFR) conditions for airworthiness standards. 39–19513; AD 2018–25–02] at least 5 minutes after loss of normal Applicability electrical power, excluding the battery. RIN 2120–AA64 This rule is structured around As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the Textron Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS traditional designs that use mechanical Airplanes control cables and linkages for flight Model 700 airplane. Should Textron control. These manual controls allow apply at a later date for a change to the AGENCY: Federal Aviation the crew to maintain aerodynamic type certificate to include another Administration (FAA), Department of control of the airplane for an indefinite model incorporating the same novel or Transportation (DOT). time after loss of all electrical power. unusual design feature, the special ACTION: Final rule. Under these conditions, a mechanical conditions would apply to that model as flight-control system provides the crew well. SUMMARY: We are adopting a new with the ability to fly the airplane while Conclusion airworthiness directive (AD) for certain attempting to identify the cause of the Airbus SAS Model A318, A319, A320, This action affects only certain novel electrical failure, restart engine(s) if and A321 series airplanes. This AD was or unusual design features on one model necessary, and attempt to re-establish prompted by an evaluation by the of airplane. It is not a rule of general some of the electrical-power-generation design approval holder (DAH) applicability. capability. indicating that the principal structural A critical assumption in § 25.1351(d) List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 elements and certain life-limited parts is that the airplane is in VFR conditions are subject to widespread fatigue Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting damage (WFD). This AD requires at the time of an electrical failure. This and recordkeeping requirements. is not a valid assumption in today’s revising the existing maintenance or airline operating environment, where Authority Citation inspection program to incorporate new or more restrictive airworthiness airplanes fly much of the time in The authority citation for these limitations. We are issuing this AD to instrument-meteorological conditions special conditions is as follows: on air-traffic-control-defined flight address the unsafe condition on these Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, products. paths. Another assumption in the 44702, 44704. existing rule is that the loss of all DATES: This AD is effective January 10, normal electrical power is the result of The Special Conditions 2019. the loss of all engines. The 5-minute Accordingly, pursuant to the The Director of the Federal Register period in the rule is to allow at least one authority delegated to me by the approved the incorporation by reference engine to be restarted, following an all- Administrator, the following special of certain publications listed in this AD engines power loss, to continue the conditions are issued as part of the type as of January 10, 2019. flight to a safe landing. However, service certification basis for Textron Model ADDRESSES: For service information experience on airplanes with similar 700 airplanes. identified in this final rule, contact electrical-power-system architecture as In lieu of 14 CFR 25.1351(d), the Airbus SAS, Airworthiness Office— the Textron Model 700 airplane has following special condition applies: EIAS, Rond-Point Emile Dewoitine No: shown that at least the temporary loss Textron must show, by test or 2, 31700 Blagnac Cedex, France; of all electrical power for causes other combination of test and analysis that the telephone +33 5 61 93 36 96; fax +33 5 than all-engine failure is not extremely airplane is capable of continued safe 61 93 44 51; email account.airworth- improbable. flight and landing with all normal [email protected]; internet http:// VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:05 Dec 04, 2018 Jkt 247001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\06DER1.SGM 06DER1 khammond on DSK30JT082PROD with RULES Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 234 / Thursday, December 6, 2018 / Rules and Regulations 62691 www.airbus.com. You may view this an unsafe condition for all Airbus SAS Limitation Items (DT–ALI), Revision 07, service information at the FAA, Model A318, A319, A320 and A321 dated June 13, 2018, which is the latest Transport Standards Branch, 2200 series airplanes. The MCAI states: revision of the document. South 216th St., Des Moines, WA. For The airworthiness limitations for the A320 We disagree with the commenter’s information on the availability of this family aeroplanes are currently defined and request. We, along with the EASA, have material at the FAA, call 206–231–3195. published in the Airbus A318/A319/A320/ not determined that Airbus A318/A319/ It is also available on the internet at A321 Airworthiness Limitations Section A320/A321 Airworthiness Limitation http://www.regulations.gov by searching (ALS) document(s). The Damage Tolerant Section Part 2—Damage Tolerant for and locating Docket No. FAA–2018– Airworthiness Limitation Items are published Airworthiness Limitation Items (DT– 0512. in ALS Part 2, approved by EASA. The ALI), Revision 07, dated June 13, 2018, instructions contained in the ALS Part 2 have is required for airplanes that do not Examining the AD Docket been identified as mandatory actions for include Revision 07 as part of the type continued airworthiness. You may examine the AD docket on Failure to comply with these instructions design. In the future, should we the internet at http:// could result in an unsafe condition. determine that Revision 07 is required, www.regulations.gov by searching for Previously, EASA issued AD 2016–0239 we would consider issuing additional and locating Docket No. FAA–2018– [which corresponds to FAA AD 2017–22–03, rulemaking at that time. However, 0512; or in person at Docket Operations Amendment 39–19083 (82 FR 49091, October operators may request approval to between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday 24, 2017) (‘‘AD 2017–22–03’’)] to require incorporate Revision 07 as an through Friday, except Federal holidays. accomplishment of all maintenance tasks as alternative method of compliance described in ALS Part 2 at Revision 05, and (AMOC) under the provisions of The AD docket contains this final rule, [EASA] AD 2015–0038 (later revised) [which the regulatory evaluation, any corresponds to FAA AD 2016–09–06, paragraph (j) of this AD. We have not comments received, and other Amendment 39–18504 (81 FR 26113, May 2, changed this AD in this regard. information. The address for Docket 2016) (‘‘AD 2016–09–06’’)] to require the Change to Language for Previous Operations (phone: 800–647–5527) is implementation of reduced thresholds and Approved AMOCs U.S. Department of Transportation, intervals for the detailed inspection of the Docket Operations,
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  • Challenge to the Boeing-Airbus Duopoly in Civil Aircraft: Issues for Competitiveness

    Challenge to the Boeing-Airbus Duopoly in Civil Aircraft: Issues for Competitiveness

    Challenge to the Boeing-Airbus Duopoly in Civil Aircraft: Issues for Competitiveness Glennon J. Harrison Specialist in Industry Policy July 25, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41925 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Challenge to the Boeing-Airbus Duopoly in Civil Aircraft: Issues for Competitiveness Summary The importance of a successful aerospace industry to the United States economy has been repeatedly acknowledged by President Obama and members of his Cabinet, many Members of Congress, and by all concerned with the competitive fortunes of the U.S. aircraft manufacturing industry. The U.S. aerospace industry is highly competitive and global in scope. U.S. firms manufacture a wide range of products for civil and defense purposes and, in 2010, the value of aerospace industry shipments was estimated at $171 billion, of which civil aircraft and aircraft parts accounted for over half of all U.S. aerospace shipments. In 2010, the U.S. aerospace industry exported nearly $78 billion in products, of which $67 billion (or 86% of total exports) were civil aircraft, engines, equipment, and parts. The U.S. trade surplus (net exports) in aerospace products in 2010 was $43.6 billion – higher than for any other manufacturing industry. Aerospace employment totaled 477,000 workers, of which 228,400 were engaged in the manufacture of aircraft, 76,400 in the manufacture of engines and engine parts, and 97,600 in the manufacture of other parts and equipment. According to the International Trade Administration, “more jobs in the United States were supported by exports of U.S.