Mokilese-English Dictionary Sheldon P

(Continued from inside front cover)

Mokilese-English Dictionary Sheldon P. Harrison and Salich Albert 192 pages, 1977, ISBN 0–8248–0512–7 $5.50

Mokilese Reference Grammar Sheldon P. Harrison 400 pages, 1976, ISBN 0–8248–0412–0 $14.50

Palauan-English Dictionary Edwin G. McManus, Lewis S. Josephs, and Masa-aki Emesiochel 512 pages, 1976, ISBN 0–8248–0450–3 $11.00

Palauan Reference Grammar Lewis S. Josephs 574 pages, 1975, ISBN 0–8248–0331–0 $9.00

Woleaian-English Dictionary Ho-min Sohn and Anthony F. Tawerilmang 384 pages, 1976, ISBN 0–8248–0415–5 $8.50

Woleaian Reference Grammar Ho-min Sohn 328 pages, 1975, ISBN 0–8248–0356–6 $11.00

Yapese Reference Grammar John Thayer Jensen 512 pages, 1977, ISBN 0–8248–0476–7 price not set

Other volumes in preparation.

Available at your bookseller, or from: THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF HAWAII 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Payment must be enclosed with order. Please add $.30 postage and handling for orders under $5.00. ISBN 0–8248–0512–7 $5.50

The MOKILESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY contains approx- imately 5,000 Mokilese entries with English glosses, grammatical information, and illustrative sentences for selected entries. This is the first formal compilation of words in Mokilese to be published. All data given in the dictionary are from native speakers of Mokilese who were living in Honolulu or on Mokil Atoll during the period when the research was being conducted. Created to fill the need for a dictionary in programs of bilingual education in the schools Mokilese children attend, this work will also be of use to anthropologists and linguists special- izing in the Pacific.

SHELDON P. HARRISON is a Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Western Australia, and is a candidate for the Ph.D. degree in linguistics at the University of Hawaii.

SALICH ALBERT is a native of Mokil Atoll, and is a student in linguistics and political science at the University of Hawaii.

The University Press of Hawaii Honolulu, HI 96822 PALI Language Texts A series of language textbooks developed by and for the Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute (PALI) of the University of Hawaii (now the Social Sciences and Linguistics Institute). The titles in the following list deal with Micronesian languages only. (All volumes are 6” x 9” and paperbound.)

Chamorro Reference Grammar Donald M. Topping 296 pages, 1973, ISBN 0–8248–0269–1 $6.00

Chamorro-English Dictionary Donald M. Topping, Pedro M. Ogo, and Bernadita C. Dungca 368 pages, 1975, ISBN 0–8248–0353–1 $7.00

Spoken Chamorro: An Intensive Language Course with Grammatical Notes and Glossary (revised edition) Donald M. Topping 448 pages, 1977, ISBN 0–8248–0417–1 price not set Kusaiean-English Dictionary Kee-dong Lee 330 pages, 1976, ISBN 0–8248–0413–9 $10.00

Kusaiean Reference Grammar Kee-dong Lee 432 pages, 1975, ISBN 0–8248–0355–8 $12.00

Marshallese-English Dictionary Takaji Abo, ByronW. Bender, Alfred Capelle, and Tony DeBrum 600 pages, 1976, ISBN 0–8248–0457–0 $9.50

Spoken Marshallese: An Intensive Language Course with Gram matical Notes and Glossary Byron W. Bender 463 pages, 1969, ISBN 0–87022–070–5 $5.00 (Continued on inside back cover) Available at your bookseller, or from: THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF HAWAII 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Payment must be enclosed with order. Please add $.30 postage and handling for orders under $5.00. MOKILESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY PALI LANGUAGE TEXTS: MICRONESIA

Social Sciences and Linguistics Institute University of Hawaii

Donald M. Topping Editor MOKILESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY SHELDON P. HARRISON SALICH ALBERT

The University Press of Hawaii Honolulu Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

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The publication of this book is subsidized by the government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Preface xi Introduction xiii Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary xxiii

Mokilese-English Dictionary 1 A 3 AH 12 E 13 EH 16 I 17 IH 29 O 30 OH 32 OA 34 OAH 38 U 39 UH 43 D 44 J 64 K 86 L 128 M 144 MW 159 N 168 NG 174 P 177 PW 205 R 220 S 229 W 241 English-Mokilese Finder List 253

x PREFACE

The compilation of a dictionary requires that the compiler be at once a student of all fields of human endeavor. A truly ade- quate dictionary can only be produced by a team of researchers working over many years. The present work falls far short of being complete. Its faults are numerous, ranging from a heavy bias toward loanwords (doubtless due to the fact that most of the lexical material was gathered in an American rather than a Mokilese context) to, I am sure, many gross errors of fact, both in interpreting the meaning of Mokilese forms and in rep- resenting their pronunciation. One of the principal motivations behind this work has been the standardization of Mokilese orthography. This, too, proved to be a less than straightforward exercise. Some of the guide- lines we have used are presented in Appendix A. I fear that many errors of analysis and numerous practical inconsistencies still remain. While I feel obliged to apologize here for these flaws and omissions, at the same time I must express the hope that the present effort merely provides the bare beginnings of Mokilese lexicography and that work on their own language will be continued by Mokilese students. This dictionary is based on material gathered between Oc- tober 1971 and December 1973 at the Pacific and Asian Lin- guistics Institute (now the Social Sciences and Linguistics In- stitute) of the University of Hawaii as one facet of an inves- tigation of the grammatical and lexical structure of Mokilese. This work was sponsored by the Trust Territory government in cooperation with the Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute and the Culture Learning Institute of the East-West Center. I am par- ticularly grateful to the Trust Territory government for giving me the opportunity to visit Mokil in the summer of 1973. Of the many people, both in Hawaii and on Mokil, who helped in gathering and checking the data, the following de- serve special thanks: Salich Albert, Aruwo David, Aira Edmond, Galen Joel, Lidy Poll, and Damien Sohl. I must also express my gratitude to Dr. Thomas H. Roberts for allowing me to use the data he collected during the academic year 1970-1971, and to Anthony Lord for sharing his data with me. The task of dic-

xi PREFACE tionary making would have been immeasurably more difficult had it not been for the PALI computer team of Bob Hsu, Ann Peters, Cynthia Dalrymple, Melody Actuoka, Jim Tharp, and others whose names I do not know. The assistance and encour- agement offered by SSLI director Dr. Donald M. Topping and by my colleagues on the Pacific Language Development Project is gratefully acknowledged.

Sheldon P. Harrison

xii INTRODUCTION

PHONOLOGY AND ORTHOGRAPHY

The following symbols are used in writing Mokilese. They are given here in the alphabetical order in which entries are listed in the lexicon: a, e, i, o, oa, u, d, j, k, l, m, mw, n, ng, p, pw, r, s, w, h Note that the sequences (digraphs) oa, mw, ng, and pw represent single sounds. The symbol h is found only after vowels, where it indicates that the preceding vowel is long. The following chart gives approximate phonetic values for the consonant symbols of written Mokilese:

Bilabial Dental Palatal Velar Velarized labial Stop p d j k pw Fricative s Lateral l Trill r Nasal m n ng mw

Mokilese stop consonants are typically voiceless and lenis. All Mokilese consonants can be found geminate (long or doubled) and, as such, are written double: pp, dd, jj. Geminate pw, mw, and ng are written pww, mww, and ngg. The following are approximate phonetic values for the vowel symbols of written Mokilese:

Front Central Back High i u Higher mid (e) o Lower mid e oa

xiii INTRODUCTION

Low a

Mokilese vowels exhibit considerable variation according to the environment in which they are found. Details can be found in sections 1.6 and 1.7 of the Mokilese Reference Grammar, The University Press of Hawaii, 1976 (hereafter MRG). The symbol e is used to represent two distinct Mokilese vowel sounds, a higher mid front vowel (phonetically [e]) and a lower mid front vowel (phonetically [ɛ]). In the headwords of the lexicon, the former ([e]) appears in plain type to distinguish it from the more common [ɛ], which appears in boldface type. A more detailed discussion of the phonology of Mokilese can be found in chapter 1 of the MRG. For a more detailed discussion of the Mokilese spelling system, see appendix A of the MRG.

POSSESSIVE PARADIGMS

Nouns which take possessive suffixes (termed inalienable nouns — see section 5.1 of the MRG) are listed in the dictionary in two ways. Those nouns which may occur without possessive suffixes are listed in their basic (unsuffixed) form. Entries for these nouns also include their third person singular (3s) and construct (c) forms. Nouns which always occur with possessive suffixes, and therefore have no basic form, are listed in their third person singular form. For both these types of inalienable nouns, the other possessive forms can be predicted from the ending of the third person singular form. For example, a noun whose third person singular form ends in -oa will have a possessive paradigm (a list of possessive forms) which follows the same pattern as that given under (i) below. Following are sample paradigms for the major classes of Mokilese inalienable nouns. A more detailed treatment of possessive constructions in Mokilese can be found in chapter 5 of the MRG.

i) -oa third person singular ad ‘name’

xiv INTRODUCTION

Singular Dual Plural Remote 1st person

inclusive oadoasa3 oadoasai oadoahs

exclusive oadoaioa1 oadoama oadoamai oadoami

2nd oadoamwen1 oadoamwa oadoamwai oadoamwi person 3rd oadoa oadoara oadoarai oadoahr person

construct oadoan2

1. The first and second person singular suffixes have two forms: -i or -ioa and -mw or -mwen. In most cases, the proper suffix depends on the meaning of the noun. For details, see section 5.1.1 of the MRG. 2. When the internal vowel(s) of an -oa third person singular noun is (are) high (that is, i or u), the construct form ends in -en; for example, si ‘ear’ (sioa, sien), uduk ‘flesh’ (udukoa, uduken). 3. Some -oa third person singular nouns with internal high vowels have the vowel a, rather than oa, before nonsingular suffixes; for example, si ‘ear’ (sioa, siasa), ijaij ‘tribute’ (ijoa, ijasa).

ii) -e third person singular win ‘body hair’

Singular Dual Plural Remote 1st person inclusive winesa winesai winehs

exclusive wineioa1 winema winemai winemi 2nd person winemwen winemwa winemwai winemwi 3rd person wine winera winerai winehr const