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Flicking Through the History of Ethiopia for Associating with the Theoretical Perpectives of Sociology: the Case of Politico-Religious Scene Nahom Eyasu

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Flicking Through the History of Ethiopia for Associating with the Theoretical Perpectives of Sociology: the Case of Politico-Religious Scene Nahom Eyasu International Journal for Social Studies ISSN: 2455-3220 Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 02 Issue 11 November 2016 Flicking Through the History of Ethiopia for Associating With the Theoretical Perpectives of Sociology: The Case of Politico-Religious Scene Nahom Eyasu Mekelle University College of Social Sciences and Languages Department of Sociology Mekelle, Ethiopia Abstract Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in forms of religious institution and its function Africa and strong claim to being the oldest on the society and on and on. The conflict country of the world. Being studied Ethiopia perspective on those periods were related history is being studied about the power with the actual occurrences of limited relations of the people, the chaos, the resource such as power, problem conflict and the clashes of the states and the succession, the need to prestige and honor, people, the mutually cooperation and the ambitious of supremacy, respect, consensus of the society, the ways of dominancy over the individuals in the governance and the hierarchical society and so forth were laying the administration of the state in the given time presences of war, conflict, revolution, and and place, which means the image of any competition in Ethiopia history. At last not society is a historically specific image. So, the least, the symbolical interactionism these basic premises for being studied perspective was able to be associated with history on the politico-religious arena are the history of Ethiopia on the ways that our too much interlinked with the theoretical identity or sense of self is shaped by social perspectives of sociology: Functionalism, interaction, human beings are distinctly Conflict theory, and Symbolical always concerned to study the ways in which interactionism theory. Functionalism people give meaning to their feelings, their perspective on the ancient, medieval, and actions, and to the wider social world in which their lives exist, society is actually created by modern time of Ethiopia stated the existence people interacting together on a daily basis of social structure, the diplomatic relation and so on. for making the state to be perpetuating, the Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJSS/ P a g e | 93 International Journal for Social Studies ISSN: 2455-3220 Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 02 Issue 11 November 2016 Key Words: History; Ethiopia; professor Bernal and Hansbery assured that the Ethiopian people and their ancestors Theoretical Perspectives; Sociology; were not migrated from the Arabia, but Politics; Religious rather they are native and indigenous Introduction because it is a cradle of human kind (Bernal, 1897; Hansberry, 1981), and based on Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in linguistic evidences, Dr. Labiso confirmed Africa and one of the oldest countries in the that the people were migrated and settled world (Munro-Hay, 1991; Henze, 1985: 3; from Ethiopia to Europe and Asia across the Bahru, 1991:1). What are believed to be the oldest remains of a human ancestor ever found, red sea in the first time, which means the which has been dated as being some five million European and Asian peoples’ genealogy years old, were discovered in the Awash Valley and/or family tree were tracing back from in Ethiopia (Henze, 2001). This beats the Ethiopia (Lapiso, 1999:68). discovery of "Lucy", a 3.2 million year old skeleton, who was unearthed in the same area in By the above historical inception in 1974, so Ethiopia is a strong claim to being the Ethiopia, being studied Ethiopia history does oldest country of the world (Bahru, 1991:7; not mean being studied the birth and the Henze, 2000:1). death of the kings, the queens, the nobles, the topography and the landscape, the Some scholars believe that the tradition held environment and the climate of the state, but by the Ethiopian people that their ancestors rather studying in all about the power migrated from Arabia to their present home relations of the people, the chaos, the on the Horn of Africa accords with Biblical conflict, and the clashes of the states and the accounts of the Semitic peoples, as well as people, the mutually cooperation and with the writings of the Ancient Greeks and consensus of the society, the ways of Romans (Abebe Zegeye et al., 1955). governance and the hierarchical However, these findings were demoted by administration of the state in the given time the American Professor Martin Bernal, and place (Lapiso, 1999), which means the Professor Hansberry, and Dr. Labiso based image of any society is a historically on the paleontology and the linguistic specific image (Mills, 2000:149). So, these evidences. Based on the paleontology, Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJSS/ P a g e | 94 International Journal for Social Studies ISSN: 2455-3220 Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 02 Issue 11 November 2016 basic premises for being studied history are Functionalists see social stability is too much interlinked with the theoretical necessary to have a strong society, and perspectives of sociology: Functionalism, adequate socialization and social integration Conflict theory, and Symbolical are necessary to achieve social stability; interactionism theory (Mooney et al., 2007). social institutions perform important These perspectives tend to focus on a way of functions to help ensure social stability looking at various features of the world-an (Burrell and Morgan, 2005). Slow social orientation that suggests methods for change is desirable, but rapid social change studying the social experience and finding threatens social order, and it is also explanations for it, and are aids-mental categorized as the terms functional and constructs-that allow you to visualize dysfunctional to describe the effects of something (Carpenter, 2012). Thus, a given social elements on society (Mooney et al., theoretical paradigm or school of thought 2007). Elements of society are functional if may have its own general assumption they contribute to social stability and concerning views of human beings and dysfunctional if they disrupt social stability motivation (Ogunbameru, 2005). In other (Merton, 1968). Sociologists have identified words, the adherents of each perspective ask two types of functions: manifest and latent: somewhat different questions about society manifest functions are consequences that are and so provide us with different images of intended and commonly recognized where social life (Scherer, 2009) as latent functions are consequences that are Each of these views is based on general unintended and often hidden (Merton, ideas as to how social life is organized and 1968). represented an effort to link specific Conflict theorists see society in terms of observations in a meaningful way many groups in conflict, competing for (Hutchison, 2012). Or, each theoretical scarce resources (Carpenter, 2012), which perspective offers a variety of explanations means groups are constantly competing for about the social world and human behavior unequally distributed resources, such as (Mooney et al., 2007; Hutchison and wealth and power, with each group seeking Charlesworth, 2009). to benefit their own interests (Hutchison and Charlesworth, 2009; Ogunbameru, 2005). Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJSS/ P a g e | 95 International Journal for Social Studies ISSN: 2455-3220 Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 02 Issue 11 November 2016 Symbolical interactionists most fascinating variety of social structures, there is a variety aspects of the social world are the everyday, of principles of historical change within routine interactions among individuals that periods and times (Mills, 2000:150); we often take for granted, and society and therefore, the writer of this article is able to these larger social structures must be associate these historical changes in periods understood through studying social to the basic theoretical perspectives of interactions that are based on shared sociology such as Functionalism, Conflict understandings, languages, and symbols and Symbolic interactionism as much as (Stolley, 2005). possible. In general, the theoretical perspectives of 1. Theoretical Perspectives of Sociology sociology on the history of Ethiopia mainly and the History of Ethiopia: the Bird’s classified in to three: ancient, medieval, and Eye View modern (Hari, 1990). The ancient period of The present period of sociological theorizing Ethiopia was occurred from before 4.2 is characterized by a diversity of theoretical million years to The Zagwe Dynasty (Hari, approaches and perspectives (Merton, 1957). 1990). The medieval period of Ethiopia was Sociological theories are necessary because emerged from Yekuno Amlak, claiming to without theory our understanding of social be a descendant of King Solomon and life would be very weak. Good theories help Queen Sheba, established the ‘Solomonic us to arrive at a deeper understanding of dynasty’ in 1270 to the end of the Era of societies and to explain the social changes Princes in 1855 (Lapiso, 1999; Bahru, that affect us all (Merton, 1968). 1991). And, modern time of Ethiopia was begun from the rise of emperor Tewodros II A sociological perspective was made to the fall down of the Derg regime in 1991 possible by two revolutionary (Bahru, 2001). transformations. The Industrial Revolution These periods in Ethiopia
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