DOCSLIB.ORG

A Collaborative System for Building and Maintaining Wordnets

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Collaborative System for Building and Maintaining Wordnets A collaborative system for building and maintaining wordnets Tomasz Naskr˛et G4.19 Research Group, Department of Computational Intelligence Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland [email protected] Abstract types are placed radially around the central ele- ment, e.g. sloWTool or WordTies (Pedersen et al., A collaborative system for wordnet con- 2012). GernEdiT (Henrich and Hinrichs, 2010) struction and maintenance is presented. Its offers visualisation of the wordnet structure in the key modules include WordnetLoom editor, range selected by the user, but it is hierarchical and Wordnet Tracker and JavaScript Graph. focused mainly on hypernymy. Moreover, the vi- They offer a number of functionalities that sual presentation does not allow for direct editing allow solving problems on every stage of of the structures. WordnetLoom stands out of the building, editing and aligning wordnets by remaining tools, because it offers a graph-based teams of lexicographers working in par- visualisation of wordnet data and provides entirely allel. The experience collected in recent different workflow based on the direct interaction years has allowed us to refine applications with graph nodes. In this paper, we will present and add new modules to provide the best the most recent development of WordnetLoom and user experience in a reliable and easily progress in relation to earlier releases. We have maintainable way. improved the graphic design for better user expe- rience and implemented the lexical unit graph vi- 1 Introduction sualisation. Wordnet is not yet another electronic dictionary. Both dictionary making and wordnet building It is a complex lexico-semantic network. Its con- are usually carried out by teams of lexicographers struction, especially when done manually by a and/or developers. Collaborative work, especially team of lexicographers, and its further editing in distributed teams working from , requires con- and/or aligning with other resources requires very trol tools to provide quality assurance and devel- advanced and flexible tools. Such tools should of- opment progress. In-built auditing/change back- fer the possibility of simultaneous work of many log feature is often absent in these systems and team members on the same lexicon (a wordnet for data versioning is handled by external VCS1 soft- a particular language), simultaneous work of dif- ware or done manually. The newest version of ferent teams on different lexicons, and the sub- WordnetLoom is interconnected with the Wordnet sequent manual or semi-automated linking of the Tracker module which provides additional feed- constructed resources. back channel for lexicographers to enrich their Dictionary compiling tools are mostly designed workflow. Every activity of each lexicographer is as complex XML editors such as, for instance, registered and can be monitored by a senior lexi- Lexonomy (Mechura,ˇ 2017). This approach may cographer. This paper will showcase how auditing not be beneficial in working with graph-like struc- and monitoring can be handled. tures. Therefore, several dedicated tools have been We will also present a new web-related mod- designed and are currently used by different word- ule, namely JavaScript Graph. JavaScript Graph net teams e.g DEBVisDic (Horák et al., 2006), module is an answer to user needs and provides sloWTool (Fišer and Novak, 2011). Visualisa- the possibility of embedding graph visualization tion of wordnet graphs in most tools follows a to existing websites or applications. radial pattern: a synset in focus is presented in the middle and all links, irrespectively of their 1VCS - Version Control System e.g. Git, Subversion In this work, we will present the key modules itor level, the user with administrator privileges that are part of a collaborative system for word- can modify and add elements to dictionary enti- net construction and maintenance including Word- ties such as: part of speech, domain, register (see netLoom editor, Wordnet Tracker and JavaScript editing dictionaries Fig. 1c) and adding or edit- Graph. ing types of semantic relations (see editing rela- tion types Fig. 1d). The main advantage of the 2 WordnetLoom Demo application is the possibility of working with vi- sualization in the form of a graph, which provides Up to version 1.68, WordnetLoom was a stan- quick and easy navigation and simplifies the cre- dalone java fat client application directly connect- ative process. Due to the fact that the Editor has ing to its database with all logic contained on the recently undergone a major architectural transfor- client side. Such approach ensures that scaling mation, it has allowed for even simpler modifica- of the application could only be possible by scal- tions and easier addition of new components, such ing the database server, in this case MySQL2. In as in the case of implementing the extended se- order to meet the growing numbers of users and mantic description panel for Dictionary of Polish challenges in providing dedicated endpoints not Borrowings in Yiddish7 (see Fig. 1e). Also within only for the client editor application, but also for this project we have created a graph visualization other external applications, web pages or mobile of lexical units which has become the part of a core applications, all business logic was extracted to a application. separate application built on top of JEE83 frame- work. The application is responsible for data val- 3 Wordnet Tracker Demo idation, data auditing, user activity monitoring, user management and data processing. It provides An important aspect of the process of building a communication channel via REST API (Field- and maintaining wordnet is the ability to moni- ing, 2000) in the form of Siren4-like hypermedia tor changes made by team members. It is made specification. Scaling of the application itself is possible by the Wordnet Tracker module which done by docker-compose5 replicas, while database provides tracking of user activity (see Wordnet scaling can be achieved by replication configu- Tracker dashboard Fig. 2) in terms of the num- rations where at least two databases are avail- ber of lexical units, synsets and semantic relations able. Master database configuration is optimized entered (see Fig. 3 for synset relation changes). for writing and slave databases have configuration Through this application, the lexicographer has optimized for high performance reading. Further also access to the full history of changes that have scaling can be ensured by introducing new slave been made within a given lexical unit (see Fig. 4 database nodes for each distinct consumer such as for current changes of lexical units). All changes a mobile application or a web page. in the synset structure are presented in Fig. 5 The main consumer of the API is a thick client where the left side column displays the current in the form of WordnetLoom Editor java appli- synset state, while the right side column shows all cation (main application workspace presented at changes in the synset elements. The user as well as Fig. 1a) which has been slimmed down and does the coordinator have access to current changes in not contain essential business logic which reduces real time for constant monitoring. This function- it to the role of a simple REST client. It enables ality turned out to be particularly valuable when advanced search functionalities and basic CRUD6 working with new, inexperienced lexicographers. operations on typical core objects being part of The application administrator has the possibility to the semantic structure such as synset, sense (see create diagnostic queries within lexicons or even sense editing properties Fig. 1b), sense relation, within the entire dataset, as well as to create statis- synset relation, and relation type. From the ed- tic queries. In both cases the generated query re- sults are available for download in the form of 2 https://www.mysql.com/ files. Wordnet Tracker also provides basic user 3Java Enterprise Edition 8 specification https://javaee.github.io/javaee-spec/ management panel where the privileged user can 4https://github.com/kevinswiber/siren add new users, reset passwords or restrict user ac- 5https://docs.docker.com/compose/overview/ cess to chosen lexicons. 6CRUD are four basic functions of persistent storage (such as create, read, update and delete) 7https://polonjid.wn.uw.edu.pl/?lang=en 4 JavaScript Graph Module Demo the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Educa- tion and the project funded by the National Sci- Presenting work results in the form of a graph vi- ence Centre, Poland under the grant agreement No sualization outside WordNet Loom editor environ- UMO-2015/18/M/HS2/00100. ment is possible now by a created javascript mod- ule. The module tries to faithfully preserve the References navigation functions as in the WordNet editor, but at the same time gives the possibility to adjust the Roy Thomas Fielding. Architectural Styles and color scheme and nodes style to the host appli- the Design of Network-based Software Archi- cation/page design. The presentation data model tectures. PhD thesis, 2000. AAI9980887. is fetched from the WordnetLoom server via the Darja Fišer and Jernej Novak. Visu- REST endpoint and the D3.js8 library with custom alizing sloWNet. In Proceedings of modifications handles graph visualization and user eLex, pages 76–82, 2011. URL http: interaction. The module is constructed in such a //elex2011.trojina.si/Vsebine/ way so as to allow easy embedding in other ap- proceedings/eLex2011-9.pdf. plications, such as a mobile application or a web- Verena Henrich and Erhard Hinrichs. GernEdiT – site. A very good example can be the main page the GermaNet editing tool. In Nicoletta Calzo- 9 of plWordNet where the module is used in the lari (Conference Chair), Khalid Choukri, Bente form of a pop-up window or as a full scale cen- Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Jan Odijk, Ste- tral element of the website presented at the online lios Piperidis, Mike Rosner, and Daniel Tapias, 10 Dictionary of Polish Borrowings in Yiddish (see editors, Proceedings of the Seventh Interna- Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY Press Y to Select Alphabet Character Input Or Press N to Selecting a Menu Item 12 Select Japanese Input
    ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY Press Y to select alphabet character input or press N to Selecting a menu item 12 select Japanese input. PW-AC890 The date/time settings screen is displayed. Press メニュー . QUICK REFERENCE 1 13 Select the date items using or , and then enter “年” Use or to select a category menu item. (year), “月” (month) and “日” (day) (e.g. June 23th, 2009 → 2 Or, use the numeric keys to enter the category number to Layout 09 06 23) using the number buttons on the handwriting pad. select the item. Utility keys for Display(Main display) dictionaries / functions Confirm that the cursor is on “AM（午前）” or “PM（午後）”, The individual menu for the selected category menu item is displayed. / touch pad and then select one of them using or . In the individual menu, use or to select the content/ Library key 3 Selection keys Press , select the time items using or and then function and then press 検索/決定 . for contents / functions enter “時” (hour) and “分” (minute) (e.g. 9:00 → 09 00). Or, use the numeric keys ( 1 to 9 ) to enter the number Charge lamp Stylus holder(side) Confirm that the information entered is correct and press in front of the content/function ( 1 to 9 ). Global search keys 14 検索/決定 . The selected content/function screen is displayed. Power ON/OFF key The menu display appears. ● The selected content/function screen can also be selected by touching the relevant item on the category menu or the individual menu. Menu key Function key Selecting a content in the menu display Touch operations AC adapter connector (side) Character size (large/small) The PW-AC890 can be operated by touching the main screen with the stylus.
    [Show full text]
  • Conferenceabstracts
    TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION Held under the Honorary Patronage of His Excellency Mr. Borut Pahor, President of the Republic of Slovenia MAY 23 – 28, 2016 GRAND HOTEL BERNARDIN CONFERENCE CENTRE Portorož , SLOVENIA CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS Editors: Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair), Khalid Choukri, Thierry Declerck, Marko Grobelnik , Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis. Assistant Editors: Sara Goggi, Hélène Mazo The LREC 2016 Proceedings are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License LREC 2016, TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION Title: LREC 2016 Conference Abstracts Distributed by: ELRA – European Language Resources Association 9, rue des Cordelières 75013 Paris France Tel.: +33 1 43 13 33 33 Fax: +33 1 43 13 33 30 www.elra.info and www.elda.org Email: [email protected] and [email protected] ISBN 978-2-9517408-9-1 EAN 9782951740891 ii Introduction of the Conference Chair and ELRA President Nicoletta Calzolari Welcome to the 10 th edition of LREC in Portorož, back on the Mediterranean Sea! I wish to express to his Excellency Mr. Borut Pahor, the President of the Republic of Slovenia, the gratitude of the Program Committee, of all LREC participants and my personal for his Distinguished Patronage of LREC 2016. Some figures: previous records broken again! It is only the 10 th LREC (18 years after the first), but it has already become one of the most successful and popular conferences of the field. We continue the tradition of breaking previous records. We received 1250 submissions, 23 more than in 2014. We received 43 workshop and 6 tutorial proposals.
    [Show full text]
  • Dictionary Policy Located on the TEA’S STAAR Resources Webpage
    TEA approval is NOT required. ARF Texas Education Agency® Dictionary Description of Accommodation This accommodation, or designated support, facilitates comprehension of unfamiliar words and provides spelling assistance for a student. Assessments For a student who meets the eligibility criterion, this accommodation may be used on • STAAR and STAAR Spanish grades 3–5 reading • STAAR and STAAR Spanish grade 4 writing (all sections of the assessment) Student Eligibility Criteria A student may use this accommodation if he or she rrroutinely, independently, and effectively uses this accommodation during classroom instruction and classroom testing. Authority for Decision and Required Documentation • For a student not receiving special education or Section 504 services, the decision is made by the appropriate team of people at the campus level (e.g., RTI team, student assistance team) based on the eligibility criterion and is documented according to district policies. • For a student who is an ELL, the decision is made by the LPAC based on the eligibility criterion and is documented in the student’s permanent record file. • For a student receiving Section 504 services, the decision is made by the Section 504 committee based on the eligibility criterion and is documented in the student’s IAP. • For a student receiving special education services, the decision is made by the ARD committee based on the eligibility criterion and is documented in the student’s IEP. • In the case of an ELL with a disability, the decision is made by the applicable group above in conjunction with the student’s LPAC. The decision is to be documented by the LPAC in the student’s permanent record file and by the other applicable group, as described above.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modern Electronic Dictionary That Always Provides an Answer
    The modern electronic dictionary that always provides an answer Daiga Deksne, Inguna Skadiņa, Andrejs Vasiļjevs Tilde, Vienības gatve 75a, Riga, Latvia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This paper presents the Tilde Dictionary Browser (TDB), an innovative dictionary browsing environment for a wide range of users: language learners, language teachers, translators, and casual users. We describe several techniques to maximise the likelihood of providing users with a useful result even when searched items do not have a direct match in the dictionary due to misspellings, inflected words, multi-word items or phrase fragments, or where there is a lack of data in the main dictionary. TDB is targeted for broad use on multiple platforms and is implemented as desktop software, and a Web and mobile application. The desktop version of TDB currently contains dictionaries for more than 20 language pairs, including the languages of the Baltic countries, and is easily extendable to other languages. Besides the data from translation dictionaries, TDB also provides information from different online resources, such as terminology dictionaries, as well as integrates the machine translation facility. Keywords: electronic dictionaries; machine translation; spelling checker; morphological analyser; text-to-speech synthesis. 1. Introduction In the last two decades, electronic dictionaries have been established among the most widely used software applications for non-English speakers, and the majority of users prefer electronic dictionaries to printed ones (Koren 1997). Different models for electronic dictionaries have been of interest to researchers for a long time (for an overview, see de Schryver, 2003). In their work, Oppentocht and Schutz (2003) describe the advantages of electronic dictionaries (e.g., explicit information, consistency, reusability, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Pocket Electronic Dictionaries As Compared With
    THE USE OF POCKET ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES AS COMPARED WITH PRINTED DICTIONARIES BY JAPANESE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Chiho Kobayashi, M.A. **** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Keiko Samimy, Adviser Dr. Alan Hirvela ___________________________________ Adviser Dr. Terence Odlin College of Education Copyright by Chiho Kobayashi 2006 ABSTRACT As L2 learners increasingly depend on electronic reference materials, it has become crucial to investigate how such materials are used and what impact they have on L2 learning. Pocket electronic dictionaries (EDs) have particularly become popular among Asian learners of English in the past decade. This study compared the use of EDs with PDs among Japanese university students. It also examined the relationships between students’ ED use and their use of lexical processing strategies (LPS; consult, infer, or ignore), their vocabulary learning, and their reading. In order to construct a complete picture, this study investigated these issues both quantitatively and qualitatively, through multiple investigative techniques. This study consisted of two phases. In Phase 1, quantitative data were collected from 279 students, using a written questionnaire on LPS use, the Vocabulary Levels Test assessing vocabulary size, and the Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL assessing reading proficiency. In Phase 2, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the 22 students selected from those who participated in Phase 1, through a follow- up interview about the questionnaire, retrospective think-aloud protocols elicited during a reading session, and two types of vocabulary tests administered a week after the reading session to assess word retention.
    [Show full text]
  • An Electronic Dictionary As a Basis for NLP Tools: the Greek Case
    TALN 2004, Session Poster, Fès, 19–21 avril 2004 An electronic dictionary as a basis for NLP tools: The Greek case Ch. Tsalidis (1), A. Vagelatos (2) and G. Orphanos (1) (1) Neurosoft S.A. 24 Kofidou Street GR-14231 Athens, Greece (tsalidis,orphan)@neurosoft.gr (2) R.A. Computer Technology Institute 13 Eptachalkou Street GR-11851 Athens, Greece [email protected] Résumé - Abstract The existence of a Dictionary in electronic form for Modern Greek (MG) is mandatory if one is to process MG at the morphological and syntactic levels since MG is a highly inflectional language with marked stress and a spelling system with many characteristics carried over from Ancient Greek. Moreover, such a tool becomes necessary if one is to create efficient and sophis- ticated NLP applications with substantial linguistic backing and coverage. The present paper will focus on the deployment of such an electronic dictionary for Modern Greek, which was built in two phases: first it was constructed to be the basis for a spelling correction schema and then it was reconstructed in order to become the platform for the deployment of a wider spectrum of NLP tools. Mots-clefs – Keywords Lexique, morphologie Lexicon, morphology Tsalidis, Vagelatos, Orphanos 1 Introduction Electronic dictionaries have become among the most indispensable language resources for those involved in all aspects of natural language processing (NLP). Large–scale language resources (text and speech corpora, lexicons, grammars) are already developed or under development for an increasing number of natural languages. Our computational linguistics (CL) team, over the past ten years has been conducting applied research toward the development of NLP applications and resources for Modern Greek (MG).
    [Show full text]
  • On the Effects of Different Types of Electronic Dictionary Interfaces on L2 Learners' Reference Behaviour in Productive/Receptive Tasks Yukio TONO, Lancaster, UK
    ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES IN SECOND LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION On the Effects of Different Types of Electronic Dictionary Interfaces on L2 Learners' Reference Behaviour in Productive/Receptive Tasks Yukio TONO, Lancaster, UK Abstract This paper1 reports the effects of three different electronic interfaces on EFL learners’ look-up behaviour. Subjects performed language tasks under three conditions: with a paper dictionary, a traditional electronic dictionary, and two non-traditional electronic dictionaries. Statistically significant differences in use were recorded. 1 Background Electronic dictionaries2 have been increasingly accessible to language learners recently and their pedagogical potential is too great to be ignored [NESI 1999]. There seems to be consid- erableadvantage in electronic dictionaries over paper (or hard-copy) dictionaries. A variety of search functions (thus faster look-up), links with multimedia files (e.g. sounds and pictures), virtually no space limitation (thus extra examples and databases), links with other software, and portability (in the case of hand-held dictionaries) are a few examples of those advantages. In relation to vocabulary learning, it is still an empirical question whether fast searching is really advantageous to the learning process (see, however, the positive findings in [Guillot/ Kenning 1994]). In spite of the doubt that language teachers express, however, there is evidence that many students prefer to have electronic format because it is much quicker and easier to look up words [Taylor and Chan 1994]. From lexicographical viewpoints, one of the differences between hard-copy dictionaries and electronic dictionaries is that the former has only a linear, non-hierarchical microstructure while the latter has a hierarchical, layered presentation. The paper dictionary has its own microstruc- ture, but it must inevitably present all the information in a linear order on the same level (unless using different typesets or colours).
    [Show full text]
  • The Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Dictionaries to Enhance Vocabulary Learning of ESL Learners
    The Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Dictionaries to Enhance Vocabulary Learning of ESL Learners Maslawati Mohamad, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Nuraidawany Rashid, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Wan Nur’ashiqin Wan Mohamad, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia The Asian Conference on Education & International Development 2017 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract Among the common tool used by learners in a language classroom is the dictionary. Nowadays, dictionary has come in various types and among the widely used are the e- dictionaries. This case study aims to explore the advantages of e-dictionaries towards ESL learners together with the difficulties faced when using e-dictionaries. In this study, a total of ten undergraduate TESL students from one of a public research university in Malaysia volunteered to be the participants of this study. Focus group interviews, open-ended questionnaire and email were used as the study instrument. The findings revealed that although e-dictionaries provide some benefits to enhance vocabulary learning, there are also difficulties faced by ESL learners. It was found that the benefits are it enables them to learn about new vocabulary regardless of place and time, helps them to learn proper pronunciation of words, identifies the word origin efficiently, has visual impacts which contain interactive interaction, and gives clearer vocabulary instruction in comparison to printed dictionary. The main difficulties faced are limited internet access, incomplete definitions, lack of credibility on some bilingual e-dictionaries’ developers, and lack of definitions and examples. In addition, the participants acknowledged e-dictionaries as one of the tools for helping them to learn their second language vocabulary in a non-conventional approach as oppose to printed dictionaries.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the EDR Electronic Dictionary and the Current Status Of
    An Overview of the EDR Electronic Dictianary and the Current Status of Its Utilization Hideo Miyoshi, Kenji Sugiyama, Masahiro Kobayashi, and Takano Ogino Japan Electronic Dictionary Research Institute, LTD. (EDR) Daini-Abe Bldg., 78-1, Kanda-Sakumagashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan {miyoshi, kenji, kobayasi, ogino}@edr.co,jp Abstract of Japanese and English (the Word Dictionary, the Bilin- In this paper we present the specification and the struc- gual Dictionary, and the Co-occurrence Dictionary), and ture of EDR Electronic Dictionary which was developed has unified thesaurus-like concept classifications (the in a nine-year project. The first version of EDR dictio- Concept Dictionary) with corpus databases (the EDR nary (V1.0) and its revised version (V1.5) are "alreadyre- Corpus). The Concept Classification Dictionary, a sub- leased and are now utilized at many sites for both aca- dictionary of the Concept Dictionary, describes the simi- demic and commercial purposes. We also describe the larity relation among concepts listed in the Word Dictio- current status how the EDR dictionary is utilized. Finally nary. The EDR Corpus is the source for the information we will give the outline of the new R&D project which described in each of the sub-dictionaries. The basic ap- EDR will launch in fiscal 1996. proach taken during the development of the dictionary was to avoid a particular linguistic theory and to allow for adoptability to various applications. 1 Introduction The first version of EDR dictionary (VI.0) and its re- The EDR Electronic Dictionary[ 1,2,31 is the result of a vised version (V1.5) are already released and are now uti- nine-year project (from fiscal 1986 to fiscal 1994), lized at many sites for both academic and commercial funded by the Japan Key Technology Center and eight purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhaltsverzeichnis
    vii Inhaltsverzeichnis Gerhard Heyer & Christian Wolff Einleitung........................................................................................................................ 1 I Electronic Publishing, Multimedia und Informationsdienstleistungen Rainer Kuhlen Organisationsformen und Mehrwertleistungen elektronischer Märkte.......................... 5 Gerhard Heyer & Christian Wolff Zur Relevanz linguistischer Pragmatik bei der Entwicklung von Multimediaanwendungen.............................................................................................. 15 Tibor Kiss RECALL – Demonstrating a System Architecture for Repairing Errors in Computer Aided Language Learning...................................................................................23 Angelika Storrer Vom Grammatikbuch zur Hypertext-Grammatik......................................................... 33 Friedrich Wenzel, Thomas Bahn, Luise Regier & Lydia Winschel Visualisierung russischer fachsprachlicher Grammatik in einem interaktiven multimedialen System................................................................................................... 51 II Computerlexikographie & Terminologiesysteme Gregor Thurmair Ein multifunktionales Lexikon ..................................................................................... 71 Lothar Lemnitzer Komplexe lexikalische Einheiten in Text und Lexikon ............................................... 85 Uwe Quasthoff Projekt Der Deutsche Wortschatz................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Representations Is Lexical Learning Environments: Application to the Alexia System Thierry Chanier, Thierry Selva
    Visual Representations Is Lexical Learning Environments: Application To The Alexia System Thierry Chanier, Thierry Selva To cite this version: Thierry Chanier, Thierry Selva. Visual Representations Is Lexical Learning Environments: Applica- tion To The Alexia System. Computer Assisted Language Learning, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 1998, 11 (5), pp.489-521. edutice-00000283 HAL Id: edutice-00000283 https://edutice.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000283 Submitted on 23 Nov 2003 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS IN LEXICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS: APPLICATION TO THE ALEXIA SYSTEM Thierry CHANIER, Thierry SELVA LIB, Université de Franche-Comté 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France [email protected], [email protected] Computer Assisted Language Learning, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 1998, 11 (5), pp.489-521 Abstract: Cognition-based arguments in support of using multimedia aids for the learning of vocabulary have so far offered only an imprecise, general framework. CALL experimentalists have also tried to establish the effectiveness of multimedia for vocabulary learning, but their attempts reveal that the underlying representations have not been clearly defined. After reviewing these points, we propose criteria for evaluating the quality of a visual representation in a lexical environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis the Influence of Using Paper Dictionary And
    THESIS THE INFLUENCE OF USING PAPER DICTIONARY AND ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY ON STUDENTS’ IDIOM COMPREHENSION Name: Izky Hanifah NIM: 1503046059 PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO SEMARANG 2019 i THESIS STATEMENT I am the student with following identity Name : Izky Hanifah Students‟ Number : 1503046059 Department : Education Field of Study : English Language Education Department Certify that the thesis untitled The Influence of Using Paper Dictionary and Electronic Dictionary on Students’ Idiom Comprehension. is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for the content of the thesis. Other researcher‟s opinions or findings included in the thesis are quoted or cited in accordance with ethical standards. ii iii ADVISOR APPROVAL Semarang, 25 July 2019 To The Dean of Faculty of Education and Teacher Training Walisongo State Islamic University Assalamu‟alaikum Wr. Wb I inform that I have given guidence, briefing, and correction to whatever extent necessary of the following thesis identification: Title : The Influence of Using Paper Dictionary and Electronic Dictionary on Students’ Idiom Comprehension. Name : Izky Hanifah Students‟ Number :1503046059 Department : English Language Education Department I state that the thesis is ready to be submitted to Faculty of Education and Teacher Training of State Islamic University Walisongo to be examined at Munaqosah session. iv ADVISOR APPROVAL Semarang, 25 July 2019 To The Dean of Faculty of Education and Teacher Training Walisongo State Islamic University Assalamu‟alaikum Wr. Wb I inform that I have given guidance, briefing, and correction to whatever extent necessary of the following thesis identification: Title : The Influence of Using Paper Dictionary and Electronic Dictionary on Students’ Idiom Comprehension.
    [Show full text]