4152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 Robert V. Canosa, Jr. Linus R. Litsey Ervin H. Cooper Harold A. McCauley 6. National Archives. Earle W. Carder, Jr. James F. Logan, Jr. Howard R. Cottrell Thomas T. McGinnis 7. Railroad Retirement Board. Herbert W. Carr Thomas Longo Paul R. Ebling David E. Moline 8. United St ates District Court (east­ Robert V. Cauchon Lawrence R. Lowe Richard B. Euchenho-Robert F. Morison Joseph R. Childers Donald H. Lucas, Jr. fer Maurice A. Notch ern district of North Carolina). Frederic J. Clawson Robert T. Maconie Malcolm E. Graham Thomar 0. Nutt, Jr. PROCUREMENT OF BUILDINGS Robert J. Cleary Patrick J. Madden Normal A. Henry Joseph F. Ouellette Robert W. Cohan Don McC. Martin James D. Hereford, Jr.Paul J. Pflueger Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by di­ Thomas A. Connor Andrew J. Mashaw Leif A. Houkom Charles R. Pitchford rection of the Committee on House Ad­ Frederick D. Cook Joseph C. McCalley Raymond E. Jeffery Raymond Ramer ministration, I call up House Resolution Wayne H. Crawford, Raymond K. Carroll R. Keyser Robert L. Reed 196 and ask for its immediate considera­ Jr. McDannold "J" Scott Kirkwood Keith L. Robinett tior~. · Harold W. Crozier William L. McGonagle John w: Kline Edward A. Short The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ John D. Cumalat Robert M. McLaughlin Francis A. Kocourek John T. Snyder John E. Cummings Grover C. Miller Donald H. Lake Samuel S. Stephens lows: William E. Cunning- Raymond T. Miller, Jr. John R. Logan Jackson n. Strange Resolved, That the expenses of conducting ham William J. Miller Donald E. Mackin Lawrence E . Suther- the studies and investigations with rP-spect WilliamS. Currie Donald F. Milligan Donald S. Macoy land, Jr. to procurement and buildings authorized by Richard J. Dermody Samuel R. Joseph L. Mahoney, Jr. Edward J. Tuite rule XI (1) (h) incurred by the Committee Richard A. Derus Miserendino William F. Mangan William S. Waldron on Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ Eugene A. Dieckert, Jack L. Morrow Noel D. Martin Carleton R. Williams ments, acting as a whole or by subcommit­ Jr. Robert c. Newcomb Alfred S. Maurstad tee, not to exceed $40,000, including expendi­ Joseph E. Dierkes George E. Nuber, Jr. The following-named midshipmen, United tures for the employment of such experts, Donald L. Dondero Eugene w. Ostlund States Naval Reserve, to be assistant civil en­ special counsel, and such clerical, steno- .. Robert M. Ducey Arthur M. Pastel · gineers in the Navy,' with the rank of ensign, graphic, and other assistants, shall be paid Harry B. Ellis Dale s. Perry from the 6th day of June 1947: out of the contingent fund of the House on James E. Empting Richard Porter Joseph W. Neudecker, Maurice A. Person vouchers authorized by such committee or David L. English Paul R. Powell Jr. Donald d. Williams subcommittee and signed by the chairman William Evans William c. Powell, Jr. Henry F. Peger James L. Yates of the committee or subcommittee and ap­ James V. Farley, Jr. William L. Prange proved by the Committee on House Admin­ Doc G. Faulkner, Jr. John F. Pritchard istration. Robert Fedor Robert W. Proctor John J. Fickers Henry P. Quick The resolution was agreed to. Albert 0. Floyd Robert L Quimby HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A motion to reconsider was !aid on the Archie E. Floyd. Robert B: Rausch table. Isaac N. Franklin, Jr. Davis w. Reed MoNDAY, APRIL 28, 1947 John Me~. Frye William E. Reed INVESTIGATION OF PUBLICITY AND Peter Galrmitakis Donald H. Reese The House met at 12 o'clock noon. PROPAGANDA· IN GOVERNMENT DE­ Joseph J. Garside Isaac P. Rehkopf The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera PARTMENTS Gene F. Gauthier Benjamin T. Richards Montgomery, D. · D., offered the follow­ Michael Gaydos, Jr. Donald W. Richardson Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker. by di­ George W. Gibson Joseph M. Rideout 3d1 ing prayer: rection of the Committee on House Ad­ R~bert F. Graves David A. Robinson 0 Jehovah God, we would heed Thy ministration, I call up House Resolution William D. Greene William B. Robinson holy word and in all our ways acknowl­ 197 and ask for its immediate considera­ Galen M. Hallett, Jr. Robert E. Rodes, Jr. tion. Charles R. Hannun Estel E. Rouch edge Thee, and Thou wilt direct our paths. We thank Thee that the ways of The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ Andrew U. Hassman, Cliiford LeR. Sayre, Jr. lows: Jr. Walter T. Schultheis wisdom are ways of pleasantness and all Millard F. Havener Robert L. Scott her paths are peace. 0 may our souls Resolved, That the expenses of conducting Kenneth G · Haynes Harold Scudder burst in gratitude and praise before the the studies arid investigations with respect ~ichard W · Haupt Aldo Serafini purpose and the abundance of our God. to publicity and propaganda 1n the Govern­ ment departments and agencies authorized Robert L. Heinz . Lester i.. Shade Take our powers unemployed, our ideals by !'ule XI (1) (b) incurred by the Commit­ Ric~ard M. Hennigan Frank G. Simala unfulfilled, and our possibilities un­ William MeG. Hep- RichardS. Slawson tee on Expenditures in the Executive De­ burn, Jr. Earl A. Sonnier achieved and use them for the promo­ partments, acting as a whole or by subcom­ Har_old M. Hewell Monroe B. Sorge tion of Thy kingdom; so shall we find mittee, not to exceed $26,000, including ex­ Alvm S. Hibbs George A. Souris favor in the sight of God. and man. penditures for the employment of such ex­ Robert K. Hoffman Charles J. Stanback Every noble task completed enlarges the perts, special counsel, and such clerical, Carl L. Hokenson, Jr. soul of the doer and increases the bless­ stenographic, and other assistants, shall be Phili C Holland Jason K. Stewart paid out of the contingent fund of the House Wall~ce J. L. Houde Joseph V. Sweeney ings of peace and contentment for our on vouchers authorized lJy such committee L . MeN Hough James Thomson country. As selected servants and or GUbcommittee and signed by the chair­ ~WlS • • Paul E. Trejo Richard H. Howe Edward "X" Tuttle leaders of the people, may we carry their man of the committee or subcommittee and George E. Hubbell John Van Tol needs in our hearts and be very, very approved by the Committee on House Ad­ Ira J. Hudson 3d Ad lb rt M. Von Al- sure that we live to serve them. We ministration. Bruce M . Jacobs e e a · pray in the name of Him who carried our William E. James men, Jr. The resolution was agreed to. needs to the cross. Amen. Robert W. Johnson James W. Wallace A motion to reconsider was laid on William N. Johnson Thomas C. Walsh The Journal of the proceedings of Fri­ the table. Charles W. Jones Har?ld E. Weber day, April 25, 1947, was read and ap­ Robert A. Keagy David J. Werner INVESTIGATION AUTHORIZED BY HOUSE proved. James D. Kearny Cleo Weschke RESOLUTION 118 Edward T. Keating John M. Westbrook MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE owen K. King Donald J. Weinstraut Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by message from the Senate, by Mr. Joseph M. Kitchen Thomas ~· Wilkinson A direction of the Committee on House Ad­ Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced ministration: I call up House Resolution John L. Kline, Jr. ~~~r~~c':I~.a~~lson that the President pro tempore has ap­ 198 and ask for its immediate considera­ Robert H. Koehler Robert D. Wilson pointed Mr. LANGER and Mr. CHAVEZ mem­ tion. Robert P. Kolar Gordon L. Wineman bers of the joint select committee on the Lee F. Kyle Richard G. Wisham The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ Eugene Lange Richard A. Yale part of the Senate as provided for in the lows: Charles S. Leach McCaslin Yates act of August 5, 1939, entitled "An act Resolved, That the expense of conducting Morris Levin George T. Youngren to provide for the disposition of certain the studies and inve~tigations authorized hy records ot the United States Govern­ The following-named midshipmen, United House Resolution 118 of the Eightieth Con­ States Naval Reserve, to be assistant pay­ ment," for the disposition of executive gress incurred by the subcommittee of the masters in the Navy, with the rank of ensign, papers in the following departments and Committee on Expenditures in the Executive from the 6th day of June 1947: agencies: Departments, and provided for by House 1. Department of Agriculture. Resolution 135 of the Eightieth Congress, Wiiliam E. Ainslie Rober4 M. Bonk shall be effective from February 13, 1947. Michael Bat Duane D. Borgert 2. Department of the Navy. James M. Baumgard- William H. Brownell 3. Department of State. The resolution was agreed to. ner Wright A. Burnham 4. Department of the Treasury. A motion to reconsider was laid on the Carl I. Bergkvist Ralph A. Buswell 5. Federal Works Agency. table. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 4153 SURVEY OF PROFIT SHARING AND POSSI­ on September 1. Special provision was made The SPEAKER. Is there objection to BILITIES OF INCENTIVE TAXATION for refugees from western Thrace and Mace­ the request of the gentleman from Wis­ donia who could not meet the residence consin? - Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by di­ quallfication. According to the law of April rection of the Committee on House Ad­ 30, ' 1946, all electoral lists which had merely There was no objection. ministration, I call up Senate Concurrent been revised and not newly compiled for the Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. Speaker, I have Resolution 9 and ask for its immediate elections in March 1946 were required to be just received a letter from Mrs. Eunice consideration. compiled anew for the plebiscite. At the re­ Hauk, president of the Band Benefit Club The Clerk read the concurrent resolu­ quest of the Greek Government, an Allied of Cassville, Wis., stating that at the re­ tion, as follows: mission observed this undertaking, watch­ quest of the local Band Benefit Club she ing the operation of the registration ma­ was writing to me to protest the Federal ResolVed by the Senate (the House of chinery and analyzing the lists on the com­ Representatives concurring), That there be amusement tax as ap];2lied to proceeds pletion of the revision and recompilation. from school activities. She states: printed 2,000 additional copies of Senate The mission expressed itself satisfied that the Report 610, Seventy-sixth Congress, first revision and recompilation of the electoral It would seem to us that this tax is actu­ session, being the report entitled "Survey of lists attained a degree of fairness and ac­ ally levied against public education, since Experience in Profit Sharing and P~sibilities curacy which justified their use in seeking all proceeds from school performances are of Incentive Taxation," which was printed as the opinion of the Greek people in matters spent for educational purposes. a report from a subcommittee of the Senate of national import. Committee on Finance, acting pursuant to This is a subject that has been on my Senate Resolution 215, Seventy-fifth Con­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE mind a long time, Mr. Speaker. If the gress, agreed to May 18, 1938. Such addi­ Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. Speaker, I Lions Club, for instance, wants to put tional copies shall be for the use of the on a benefit to do something to aid the Senate Committee on Finance. ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and ex­ blind, if the Kiwanis Club wants to do The concurrent resolution was agreed tend my remarks. something to aid underprivileged chil­ to. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dren, if the Rotary Club wants to put on A motion to reconsider was laid on the the request of the gentleman from North a drive to aid in suppressing subversive table. activities, or if any fraternal organiza­ Dakota? tion wants to do something for patri­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS There was no objection: otic purposes, or sponsor a benefit for Mr. LODGE asked and was granted [Mr. RoBERTSON addressed the House. world peace, or a home for the aged, or permission to extend his remarks in the His remarks appear in the Appendix.] other worthy cause, or if the band moth­ RECORD. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ers or the parent-teacher associations or Mr. ROHRBOUGH asked and was Mr. 1\fJ.EYER. Mr. Speaker, I ask the 4-H Clubs want to do something for granted permission to extend his re­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ their boys and girls, they have to pay marks in the REcORD and include a state­ marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and an amusement tax on any admission fee ment by Hon. Walter s. Hallanan, chair­ include an address by Governor Carlson or charge for this benefit. I am there­ man of the National Petroleum Commis- of Kansas at a recent meeting of the Re­ fore referring- this matter to the Ways sion. publican National Committee in Kansas and Means Committee to do something GREEK-TURKISH LOAN City. about it, because such organizations Mr. LODGE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to should not have .to pay a tax in these imous consent to address the House for 1 the request of the gentleman from Kan­ cases. minute and to revise and extend my re­ sas? THE LATE MRS. EVAL YN WALSH McLEAN . marks. There was no objection. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. COLE of New York asked and was Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ the request of the gentleman from Con­ given permission to extend his remarks dress the House for 1 minute, to revise necticut? in the Appendix of the RECORD and in­ and extend my remarks, and to include There was no objection. clude an editorial. therein certain editorials and newspaper Mr. LODGE. Mr. Speaker, some of the Mr. BENNETT of Missouri asked and comment about Mrs. Evalyn Walsh Mc­ criticisms which have been made by those was given permission to extend his re­ Lean. who oppose the proposed legislation au­ marks in the Appendix of the REcORD The SPEAKER. Is there objection to thorizing aid to Greece and Turkey have and include an editorial. the request of the gentlewoman from centered around the Greek elections. Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. Speaker, re­ Massachusetts? It has been stated by certain individuals cently I received permission to include a There was no objection. · that there have been no registrations for statement adopted by the forty-fourth Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. elections in Greece since 1932 and that annual meeting of the delegates of the Speaker, there passed away, and the no one not registered had been permitted American Automobile Association at San world lost, a very great lady, a very great to vote in the plebiscite held for the pur­ Francisco. I am advised by the Public American, Mrs. Evalyn Walsh McLean. pose of restoring the monarchy. Printer that it exceeds the limit set by She died at Friendship, a house well · IIi order to ascertain the facts in this the Joint Committee on Printing, that it named, because those of us who knew connection, I communicated with the will take about three and one-half pages her and loved her realized that there Under Secretary of State, Dean Acheson, of the RECORD and cost approximately could not be a greater friend, a greater regarding the registrations in Greece. $248. Notwithstanding the excess I ask philanthropist, one who was more kind. I suppose that it is quite normal that unanimous consent that it may be ex­ I wish to speak especially, though, of people who are not registered should not tended in the Appendix of the RECORD. her friendship, her help to the disabled be able to vote. This is the case in our The SPEAKER. Notwithstanding the veterans. She fought to secure for them own country. excess, without objection, it is so ordered. better houses, better living conditions, I am putting this letter in the RECORD There was no objection. better medical services. She herself paid because I think it important that as much Mr. McDONOUGH asked and was for many things for the disabled vet­ information as possible should be made given permission to extend his remarks erans. She did what she could to re­ available to the Congress before they are in the Appendix Of the RECORD. store sight to the blind; she tried to get called upon to vote on this porten.tous is­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts asked the best surgeons, the best drugs, and sue. The letter follows: and was given permission to extend her the best prosthetic appliances for them. The statements reported by Mr. Hubert E. remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD No request from a veteran went un­ Page In the letter which you transmitted to and include therein articles from news­ heeded. She made her home their home, me on April 4, 1947, regarding registration in and I know they mourn her as I do. Greece are not in accordance with the facts. papers concerning the new Surgeon In preparation for the elections in Greece General of the Army. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE which were held on March 31, 1946, the pe­ AMUSEMENT TAX ON SCHOOL BENEFITS Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. riod from July 1945 to February 10, 1946, was set aside for registration of voters. Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Speaker, I ask unanimou~ consent to ad­ Greek citizens were given another opportuni­ unanimous consent to address the House dress the House for 1 mmute, to revise ty to register from June 3, 1946 to July 12, for 1 minute and to revise and extend and extend my remarks and to include 1946, 1n preparation for the plebiscite held my remarks. an editorial. XCIII--262 4154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. KEATING asked and was given the request of the gentleman from Wis­ Mr. GILLIE asl{ed and was given per­ permission to extend his remarks in the consin? mission to extend his remarks in the RECORD concerning a bill he is intro­ There was no-objection. Appendix of the RECORD and include an ducing today. [Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin addressed editorial. WAR DEPARTMENT the House. His remarks appear in the Mr. ANGELL asked and was given per­ Appendix.] mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I ask PRICE TRENDS pendix of the RECORD and include a r-eso­ una,nimous consent to address the House lution. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Mrs. NORTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask remarks. unanimous consent to extend my remarks Mr. BUCK asked and was given per- · mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to at this point in the RECORD. the request of the gentleman from New The SPEAKER. Is there objection to pendix of the RECORD and include s,.n article from the New York Sun. York? the request of the gentlewoman from There was no objection. New Jersey? · Mr. McDOWELL asked and was given There was no objection. permission to extend his remarks in the Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, we Mrs. NORTON. Mr. Speaker, press RECORD and include a letter. should always give credit where credit and radio report a trend toward lower Mr. HARRIS asked and was given per­ is due. Apparently the War Department prices, following the forthright state­ mission to extend his remarks in the is one department of the executive branch ment by the President April 21. RECORD and include a statement from a of the Government which is making a I hope this represents a real willing­ special committee in his congressional sincere attempt to cooperate with the ness all alonG the line to be satisfied district on appreciation for the program Congress in an effort to reduce the num­ with reasonable prices, margins, and for restoration of our soil which has ber and expense of highly paid civilian profits. lifted our farm population from the personnel. I was gratified to read in the I hope it represents a turning away, depths of bankruptcy to a higher level morning paper that the Under Secretary even at this late date, from the reckless of prosperity and has given assurance of of War has directed the various bureau inflationary course which has already a secure and sound agriculture for future chiefs to recommend the elimination or dangerously decreased the purchasing generations, also to include "History of demotion of at least 50 percent of the power of wage and salary earners and AAA" and "Why the AAA." , middle and top grade civilians. The fixed-income people, including disabled Mr. LARCADE asked and was given bureau chiefs came back with their rec­ veterans and those taking GI training. permission to extend his remarks in the ommendations affecting only 20 percent If it does, we will have stopped at the Appendix of the RECORD and include a in these grades. The Under Secretary, edge of the abyss, at the edge of a de­ letter from a constituent. however, stood his ground and insisted flationary collapse. Such a collapse, Mr. GORDON asked and was given that his original directive be carried out. even if only a recession, might have permission to extend his remarks in the The number of military personnel is caused unemployment to increase to RECORD in two instances, in one to in­ drastically reduced and reductions in four, five, or six million before the end of clude a letter he received from the grade are made right and left following 1947. according to some economists. Polish-American Congress and in the the termination of active hostilities. Mr. President, it is with satisfaction other to include an article. There is no reason why the same should and pride that I point out that this whole Mr. KLEIN asked and was given per­ not apply to those acting in a civilian Nation-wide concern about high prices, mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ capacity. about the high cost of living; was given pendix of the RECORD and include an ad­ This same article, however, written by sharp focus by .the remarks of the gen­ dress by Magistrate Maurice Simmons, a spokesman for the civil-service em­ tlewoman from California [Mrs. DouG­ past national commander, United Span­ ployees, charges the War Department LAS], made on the floor of this House on ish War Veterans at Ulysses S. Grant with "trickery" in an attempt to make the March 13. I remember how she brought birthday anniversary services, Grant's demotions stick. He goes on to explain into the Chamber a housewife's market Tomb, New York City, on April 27, 1947. that new "job descriptions" are going to basket of common food items needed by Mr. COURTNEY asked and was given justify lower grades although many of every family and showed, item by item, permission to extend his remarks in the the employees will do the same work as Appendix of the RECORD and include cer­ they· are now doing .. how prices had increased since the end tain resolutions adopted by an Ameri­ of effective price control June 30, last. can Legion post in ·his district. Any of us who have had any intimate The gentlewoman from California, Mr. KEFAUVER asked and was given experience with Government depart­ and the housewives of the Nation-if I permission to extend his remarks in the ments know that this same device, which may be pardoned for pointing_:_deserve RECORD and include an article appear­ was never characterized as "trickery'' recognition and credit for the part they ing in the Washington Post of this when it worked the other way, was used have played by word and by cautious morning. to up-grade these employees and that it buying in checking run-away inflation Mr. WALTER asked and was given was done with the wholehearted approval before it is too late. They have helped permission to extend his remarks in the and cooperation of the civil-service peo­ to bring to their senses those who, for Appendix of the RECORD and include a ple. If you wanted to get a civilian pro­ short-run profits, were pursuing a course broadcast by George E. Reedy. moted it was not possible to do so by that would have taken the American simply showing that he or she was doing people over the same old tragic road of PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE outstandingly good work, as is the case boom and bust. I think my colleague Mr. OWENS. Mr. Speaker, I ask in ordinary civilian pursuits, but it was from California is entitled to a vote of unanimous consent to address the House necessary to prepare a new "job descrip­ thanks from the House and the Ameri­ for 1 minute, to revise and extend my tion" which was done time and time can people for the timely and dramatic remarks and include a letter which I again. warning she gave to all of us. receive!i from the Acting Secretary of The promoted individual would do And, may I add, the merchants of State, Dean Acheson. exactly the same work today as yesterday Newburyport, Mass., are to be com­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to but under a different job description, mended for showing the same daring the request of the gentleman from Illi­ which was the stock method of bringing imagination in trade that their prede­ nois [Mr. OWENS]? about a promotion. cessors displayed when they built, There was no objection. It does not lie in the mouth of those / equipped, and sent the clipper ships to [Mr. OWENS addressed the House. His who enjoyed the benefits of this system the China seas and spread our com­ remarks appear in the Appendix. l now to complain when it works the other merce over the seven seas. way. "What is sauce for the goose is Truly, Mr. Speaker, the resources of EXTENSION OF REMARKS sauce for the gander." democracy to save itself and its people Mr. JONES of Ohio asked and was are not exhausted. In the emergency, given permission to extend his remarks DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BUSINESS we find ways to save ourselves from in the RECORD and. include an editorial . The SPEAKER. This is District of drifting over the falls to final disaster. appearing iru the Washington Sunday Columbia day. The Chair recognizes So it must always be. Star. the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRK· 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4155 sEN J chairman of the Committee on the by the subtle attempts which are being Government agencies a few days ago. District of Columbia. made today to authorize the District This person said, "I was asked to vote as AUTHORIZING DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Commissioners to give daylight-saving to whether I was in favor of daylight­ DAYLIGHT-SAVING TIME time to us if they decide in their wisdom saving time.'' She said, "Well, I voted to do so. I called your attention before 'no'." Then, she said, "They came back Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. Speaker, I move to the .fact that all of us are living here in a few days and rechecked to see if I that the House resolve itself into the by reason of the fact that we are Mem­ had changed my mind." Her reason for Committee of the Whole House on the bers of Congress. We live here under calling me was to say, "We hope they get State of the Union for the consideration the conditions existing, whatever they this thing out of the way. They are using of the bill ~ ble economic re;. port. adjustment. Their labors have borne fruit High School. and today Northland College is still render­ Saturday, April 26, Philadelphia, Pa.: James It was with the financial help of New Eng­ ing a service unsurpassed in any other part Evans Memorial Presbyterian Church. landers that our first building, Wheeler Hall, of the State. Sunday, April27, Washington, D. C.: Foun­ was made possible. A few years later a In 1907 articles of incorporation were dry Methodist Church. family in Massachusetts gave us the funds drawn up for a college department, and in Monday, April 28, Washington, D. C.: to erect Woods Hall. It was Congregational June 1912 the first class of college students Luncheon, Capitol Dining Room. women who gave us our ladies' dormitory, was graudated. One of the first graudates Tuesday, April 29, Johnstown, Pa.: c-entral Memorial Hall. Our library was built largely now heads the scjence department. Acad­ High School. through the efforts of the Daughters of the emy and college work were carried on simul­ Thursday, May 1, Green Bay, Wis.: Union American Revolution. Others have kept the taneously until 1932 when it was felt that Congregational Church. doors of Northland open by their regular con­ the academy was no longer needed. The Friday, May 2, Rhinelander, Wis.: First tributions to. the current operating budget. advent of the State-graded schools in the Congregational Church. To you may we say that this choir is a rural communities answered the need in Saturday, May 3, Park Falls, Wis: City product of Northland College-your school. secondary education and after a service of Hall. GLADYS W. ULINE, 40 years the academy was discontinued. In addition to the above concerts, several Secretary to the President, Northland College continued to grow and radio broadcasts and special convocations Manager 1947 Choir Tour. widen its field of service and is still the only are included in the schedule of appearances. liberal arts college within a radius , of 200 Individual soloists have participated as guest DEDICATION miles. soloists in Sunday church services. The concerts of this 1947 choir tour are Though Northland's physical plant is uti­ PERSONNEL OF THE CHOIR humbly dedicated to the memory of the 19 lized to capacity and there is need {or more Soprano: Betty Greech, freshman, Owen, Northlanders who gave their lives in battle buildings, the work continues under the di­ Wis.; Julie Johnson, special, Hollywood, during the world conflict, and to the 400 other rection of an able administration and loyal Calif; Mary Lou Ferkovich, sophomore, Mel­ Northlanders who. struggled with them in faculty. The excellent record of alumni ac­ len, Wis.; Mary Dexter, freshman, Bayfield, order to again raise their voice in a song of complishment is monumental evidence of Wis.; Patricia Biglow, junior, Ashland, Wis.; freedom. sound basic training received at Northland June Emerson, senior, Ashland, Wis.; Cleone Raymond Adelman, class 1920; Fred Ander­ College. Four college presidents are listed Fecteau, junior, Ashland, Wis.; Madeline son, class 1940; Donald Benson, class .1943; among Northland's alumni. Many leading Lindquist, junior, Chicago, Dl.; Betty Jane John Cate, class 1939; Willlam Fuller, class research scientists, ministers, journalists, Larson, freshman, Ironwood, Mich.; Rita 1944; Everett Gillam, class 1940; Ed:r,nund 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4161 Jeffers, class 1940; Robert Lynch, class 1940; Mr. BARRIS. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. RANKIN. I yield to the gentleman Wallace Ringham, class 1943; Morris Ristvedt, gentleman yield further? · from New York. , , class, 1939; Edward Rogers, class 1942; John Mr. DffiKSEN. I yield. Mr.-WADSWORTH. I agree with the Schoonover, academician 1921; William Sherry, academician 1943; William Steinmetz, . Mr. HARRIS. Is it contended by the gentleman from Mississippi that it should academician 1946; Franklin Tomenendale, gentleman from ·Dlinois that this bill not be made to apply elsewhere, but auto­ academician 1942; Wesley Warvi, academician does not give the Commissioners au­ matically it applies. If the public mar­ 1932; Charles Watson, academician 1937; thority to determine whether or not kets of Washington open an hour earlier Gerald Weiss, academician 1946; Danforth there shall be daylight-saving time in in the morning it means that the farmer Welty, academician 1941. the District? has to start an hour earlier in the morn­ MUSIC FACULTY Mr. DIRKSEN. Very definitely it ing to get there. Perry Howard Yaw, Jr., bachelor of science, does give them the authority after they Mr. RANKIN. If the bill in its present Mansfield State Teachers College, master of have had a hearing and made a deter­ form passes it would not apply to the arts, University of Michigan, director of music mination that there should be dayligh_t­ people who work in the Pentagon Build­ department, assistant professor of · music saving time. ing, which is over in Virginia; is that theory and instrumental music, director of Mr. HARRIS. Then, does the gentle­ correct? orchestra and string ensemble. Kathryn Ragsdale Church, teacher diploma man contend that the authority given Mr. WADSWORTH. I suspect the in voice and piano, Christian College, Iowa to the Commissioners of the District can gentleman is correct. State Teachers Co'llege, Iowa State University extend to Maryland and Virginia? Mr. RANKIN. In other words, the Conservatory of Music, studied voice with Mr. DffiKSEN. It gives no such au­ majority of the people on the pay roll Afra Kirsch, of Chicago, Til., and has had voice thority. The bill merely provides that of the War Department would not be coaching under Mrs. Elizabeth Birney Schmidt the Commissioners shall hold a hearing affected. and Thomas Muir, of New York City, as well at which the people may make an ex­ Mr. Chairman, I am just like the Ne­ as Luther Richman, president of Music Edu­ cators National Conference, instructor of pression of their views for the benefit of gro; let us look at the sun which was music theory and voice, director of Northland the executive heads of the Nation's made for "po' folks" and be governed College choir. Capital. accordingly and stay by standard time. Marcia-Mary Ball, bachelor of music, Amer­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I move Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. ican Conservatory of Music, master of music, to strike out the last two words. Chairman, I move to·strike out the last American Conservatory of Music, assistant Mr. Chairman, I was very much inter­ four words. professor of music theory, piano, and organ. ested in the statement by the gentleman Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that this Ingyr Marie Lien, teacher diploma in vioiin, from New York [Mr. WADSWORTH] about Oberlin Conservatory of Music, bachelor of involves the question whether you want music, Philadelphia Musical Academy, mas­ the farmer being the slave of the sun. the folks in the District of Columbia to ter of music, Philadelphia Musical Academy, Back in the old days they used to tell have the right to make some decision as University of Michigan, assistant professor of the story of a Negro whose employer gave to whether they are going to have day­ music theory, violin, and piano. him an old watch with a long brass chain. light-saving time. You know, the Con­ Manley E. MacDonald, president, 1945, He put it on and went to town. Another gress takes up a lot of time with District bachelor of arts, Greenville College, master of Negro hailed him and said: "Hey, Bill, of Columbia affairs. I happen to be arts, University of Michigan, doctor of phi­ what time is it?" chairman of a Subcommittee on Health, losophy, University of Michigan. Education, and Welfare of the District. Lewis H. Brumbaugh, dean, 1945, bachelor He looked at his watch and said:· "Hit's of arts, Mount Morris College, master of arts, 15 minutes after half past of a quarter Do you know some of the bills we have University of Chicago, bachelor of divinity, before 11 o'clock. Hereafter when you had to consider from the District? Oh, Yale University, doctor of philosophy, Uni­ wants to know what time it is, you look we have had a bill to regulate the hours versity of Pittsburgh. at de sun what's made for po' folks and of barbers in the District. We have had don't be pestering gentlemen on de one for the undertakers. We have a bill Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I rise streets." to get rid of the starlings in Washing­ in opposition to the pro forma amend­ The sun is what our time is regulated ton. I can tell you how to get rid of the ment. by. I have never seen any advantage - English sparrows, but not over this One of the basic purposes of this bill is come from daylight saving. I went microphone. Yes, we have a bill to re­ to provide that the District Commis­ through it in the First World War and quire sanitary straws in the District. · sioners shall hold a hearing to secure an I saw it imposed during the last war. Now, it is ridiculous that all of those expression of views from the citizens of I have always thought we would have little matters-! call them chicken-feed the District of Columbia. Certainly been better off if we had just gone ahead bills-should come before the Congress there can be no objection to an expres­ with the regular standard time, gov­ for decision. It takes time of the com­ sion of views by people who live in the erned, as the gentleman from New York mittee and it takes the time of this Con­ adjoining counties of Virginia and Mary­ said, by the sun which the farmers go by. gress. But the Commissioners must land, and I, for one, do not object. I be­ Again, you are moving up the time at bring all these little problems to the lieve I bespeak the sentiment of the which the employees of the Federal Gov­ Congress. Whether it is starlings, bar­ membership of the committee when I ernment will ieave their work in the bers, undertakers, or sanitary straws; say they would have no objection to the afternoon. Already every department is those matters must come to the Con­ amendment offered by the gentleman closed on Saturday. Now, under this gress. Last week we had a bill that from New York; certainly I do not. bill, they will close Friday afternoon at would permit the Commissioners to tear Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, will the the very time that a Member of Congress down some road signs by the White gentleman yield? has the most time to contact the de­ House. They cannot even change the Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. partments about matters affecting his name of a street in Washington without Mr. HARRIS. Does the gentleman district. You will find the departments coming to Congress. If you believe in feel that the Commissioners of the Dis­ closed and the employees gone home. the right of home rule and that the trict of Columbia could have any au­ I do not agree with the gentleman Commissioners should handle the affairs thority over the surrounding territory of from New York that you can impose this of the District, and if you believe that Virginia and Maryland? time on the people of Virginia and Mary­ they ought to have the right to hold Mr. DIRKSEN. The question of au­ land. You may make it apply to Gov­ hearings on whether or not the District thority is not involved here. The lan­ ernment employees, but if you do you should have daylight-saving time, then ~age of the bill is that the Commission­ will have to make it apply to Govern­ you should have no objection to this bill. ers shall hold a hearing at which the ment employees elsewhere, in other Personally, I would be opposed to a bill people may express their views. That States. I cannot see how you are going of this sort in the western part of my makes it entirely permissive. So I see to make this apply to the surrounding State because my people do not want it, nothing wrong with permitting people territory of Maryland, Virginia, and but if they did, I would support it. The · who live outside and beyond the District Delaware. Commissioners must hold hearings-the line from expressing their views also, Mr.· WADSWORTH. Mr. Chairman, people decide-that is the democratic because it is on an informal basis. will the gentleman yield? way of doing things. 4162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 . Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, will the was a definite hardship upon those peo­ Mr. O'HARA. I yield to the gentle­ / gentleman yield? ple. I also helped to vote the repeal of man from Ohio. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield to daylight-saving time. I also voted Mr. BREHM. The gentleman is a the gentleman from Arkansas. against this bill 2 weeks ago today. very practical politician. Mr. HARRIS. I would like to ask the However, it was a different proposition Mr. O'HARA. No; do not say that. gentleman if the Congress and the Dis­ we voted on then than that which is Mr. BREHM. When a majority of a trict Committee of the House, or a sub­ before us today. Today we are simply group express themselves, I imagine the committee thereof, is not in effect the saying that the people of the District gentleman gives heed to them. Even council for the District of Columbia? shall have a right to determine the mat­ though the citizens of the District do not Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Yes; I ter for themselves, and who am I or who vote for the Commissioners, does not think that is true, and the District is any Member of this Congress to say the gentleman feel that the Commission­ Committee voted for this bill. they shall not have that right? There­ ers are practical politicians enough to Mr. HARRIS. Those matters that fore, I now reverse my position. I am listen to the majority, and that they will the gentleman has just mentioned are still opposed to daylight saving in my not deliberately force this upon the peo­ matters, of course, that are usually district and State, but I would not deny .pie unless-the majority of the people de­ considered by the councils of the vari­ anyone the right to decide on it himself. sire it? ous municipalities of the Nation, are Therefore I shall vote for the bill. Mr. O'HARA. I will not argue with they not? Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, I move the gentleman on that proposition, but, Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. That is to strike out the last five words. of course, we find ourselves often in the true. I have been one of those Mem­ Mr. Chairman, I hope the gentleman s~me position. Sometimes we do not bers of Congress that felt like the people from Ohio who just spoke will not leave agree with the majo"rity of the people in of the District of Columbia ought to the room, because I want him to know our districts if we think that the rules have a little self-rule of their own. that the utter sophistry of this bill is of logic compel us to come to an opposite Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Mr. simply this: On February 24 we voted conclusion. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? down the daylight-saving proposition. Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield to This bill would be subject to a point of the ger.tleman yield? the gentleman from Massachusetts. order for that reason if it were not for Mr. O'HARA. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. The the fact that the Senate saw fit to pass man from Indiana. gentleman brings up the question of the this sophistry which states that the Dis­ Mr. SPRINGER. I know that the Committee on the District of Columbia, trict of Columbia Commissioners may gentleman is a distinguished lawyer in of which I have been a member for 10 take a poll. It does not say the people his State so I take the liberty of asking years, being the city council for the Dis­ shall vote, it does not say they shall be him this question. Do you think this trict of Columbia. In the city councils required to vote; it merely means that we Congress that is vested with the power of other cities, whatever they do, sub­ are not giving the people of the District and authority to determine these ques­ ject to the approval of the mayor, be­ of Columbia the right to vote, for it tions with reference to the District of comes law. If the Congress will follow means that under some sort of an in­ Columbia has any power to delegate the advice and recommendations of the formal proposition maybe the Commis­ that authority to two or three men to city council of the District of Columbia sioners will hold a meeting. They w111 make a decision for the people of the this bill will become law. advertise it or give notice in the paper District of Columbia? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. That is and then down here in one of the com­ Mr. O'HARA. The gentleman is a right, if they will follow those recom­ mittee rooms they will have a hearing at very fine lawyer and has raised a ques­ mendations. which maybe 200 or 300 or 400 people tion which did occur to me but which I think as far as home rule for the will express themselves. Does not that I did not want to raise. But I will say, District is concerned they ought to have show the utter sophistry of this situa­ this is an attempt to unlawfully delegate the right to elect their Commissioners. tion? The people do not vote. authority to two Commissioners of the I believe personall~· in the city-manager You are being asked to say that you do District of Columbia. form of government where they have not have enough brains to pass on this I now yield to my young friend, the some business logic in the government. matter, that you should leave it up to gentleman from Minnesota. The gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. two men. That is the actual situation Mr. DEVITT. Mr. Chairman, will my AucHINcLoss] and his committee are we are in in this case. The most ridicu­ able and distinguished friend from Min­ now studying the problem of home rule. lous argument is that it gives the people nesota tell me just what adverse effect If you do not believe the city ought to of the District of Columbia the right to the passage of this bill would have on have home rule, you ought to vote express themselves. That is perfectly. our farmers in Minnesota? against the bill. This bill does not state . ridiculous. Mr. O'HARA. Of course, I am not that there is going to be daylight-saving voting on this proposition on that basis time; it gives the Commissioners the Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, will at all. I am voting on it because, as I right to hold a hearing of interested citi­ the gentleman yield? said before---the gentleman would have zens and make a decision. I think that Mr. O'HARA. I yield · to the gentle­ heard me if he had been here, which he is democratic; I think that is the proper man from Illinois. was not-I do not like the daylight-saving way to proceed. I feel the House ought Mr. DIRKSEN. The fact of the mat­ time. If this bill passes, if the gentle­ to give that right to the Commissioners ter is that the people express themselves man has to get up an hour earlier on one and to the folks living in the District of through the medium of citizens associa­ of these hot steaming Washington morn­ _ Columbia. tions, of which there are nearly 70. It is ings, which he has not yet experienced, Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, 1 move fair to assume that.the heads of those as­ although he may be for this bill now he to strike out the last four words. sociations, who are gathered into a com­ certainly will say that he made a mistake. Mr. Chairman, Billy Sunday once said, mon council known as the Federation of Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. speaking of prohibition and the effort to Citizens Associations, will express them­ Chairman, I move to strike out the last regulate the saloon, that you might as selves, and they have expressed them­ word. well attempt to regulate "a powder mill selves in an overwhelming majority in Mr. Chairman, I started from my in hell" as to regulate a saloon. I think favor of daylight saving. They are for home city of Binghamton in New York as far as this Congress or anyone else the present bill. State yesterday to return to Washington. attempting to regulate the sun is con­ Mr. O'HARA. If the gentleman places As soon as I hit the Pennsylvania border cerned, we would have about as much it on that basis, I may say that on some I had to inquire what time of day it w'as. chance as Billy Sunday said we would other matters of which I know concern­ A few hours later I hit the Maryland have in regulating the saloon. ing which th~ citizens associations have line and there again I was in a quandary The first speech I ever attempted to expressed themselves the Commissioners because, unlike Pennsylvania and New make on the floor of this Congress was have paid not too close attention. York, · Maryland is on the old time. against daylight-saving time, because Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, will the Imagine my consternation when I again the people of Ohio did not want it. It gentleman yield? crossed over into the District and fo}lnd 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4163 that the same time existed here as in Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Mr. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise Maryland. In other words, there were Chairman, I rise in support of this reso­ in opposition to the pro forma amend­ four great sections or divisions of gov­ lution reported by the Committee on the ment and ask unanimous consent to re­ ernment that I passed through yester­ District of Columbia. vise and extend my remarks. day on my trip and I found there was a As the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection great difference practically every place I HARRIS] has well stated, the Committee to the request of the gentleman from visited. on the District of Columbia is really, in Michigan? Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, will fact, the city council of the District of There was no objection .. the gentleman yield? - Columbia. The gentleman from Illi­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, it Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield. nois [Mr. DIRKSEN], chairman of the seems to me that the argument of the Mr. DIRKSEN. It should be said that committee, and I have served on this gentleman from New York, the very dis­ the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore are committee for a period of over 10 years. tinguished gentleman from New York on daylight-saving time by authority of We have had to consider all matters of [Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL], and the an ordinance enacted by the people there legislation affecting the welfare of this argu:ment of the gentleman from Mas­ and the counties adjoining the District community. This year is no different sachusetts [Mr. BATES] that this was a line have authority under a bill which from any other. From the middle of question of home rule misstates the real was recently passed by the Maryland January, as chairman of the Committee isE:ue. Legislature and which has been signed on the Fiscal Relations of the District Then, too, I am surprised that the gen­ by the Governor to follow the lead of the of Columbia, I have been sitting con­ tleman from New York [Mr. EDWIN District of Columbia in the matter of stantly in respect to the consideration ARTHUR HALL] should want to put daylight-saving time if the District of the over-all tax problem of the Dis­ through a bill which will require Federal adopts daylight-saving time. trict of Columbia, and also the question employees to get up and go to work an Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I will of the teachers' salary increase which we hour earlier each workday. I cannot say to the distinguished gentleman that had here last week. This committee is understand the gentleman with the large I am not addressing my remarks at the busy from on·e end of the legislative year family that he has, always in favor, as present time to the issue of daylight­ to the other. It is an additional load he has been in favor, of those who must. saving time. The issue, as some gentle­ that we gladly assume, because it is the work, now supporting a bill which will responsibility of the Congress of the require them to get to work an hour men have said, goes much further into earlier in the morning, so the golf player the scheme of things of our representa­ United States to consider all matters pertaining to the welfare of this com­ can get out an hour earlier in the after­ tive form of government. As one who noon. has always been violently partisan as far munity, just so long as we deny the right to the people of the District of Columbia These two gentlemen have mistaken as the championing of the rights of men the issue. It is not one of home rule. and women all over the country to enjoy to settle those questions themselves. This is a question that I believe ought to This measure directly affects us and their privilege of participating in a rep­ our constituents. By moving the clock resentative form of government, I feel be determined by local option, insofar as we are permitting it to be determined ahead, every Member of Congress has to that the time has come for us to consider get over to his office an hour earlier. representative govern..':?.ent in the Dis­ that way, by permitting the administra­ tors of the District of Columbia, the three What for? To satisfy the people in the trict of Columbia, which I believe is the District. only place in the entire country that does District Commissioners, to hold hearings and from those hearings determine what Well, back in my country, the tail does not enjoy such a constitutional privilege. not wag the dog all the time, not all of I want to go on record here today as is the viewpoint of the· people of the District of Columbia. the time; the dog has something to say being in favor of the nearly 1,000,000 in­ about it once in a while. And yet we will habitants of the District of Columbia Here we find a poll taken by one of the local newspapers, that the sentiment have to go to work an hour earlier, and, who are good patriotic Americans and as one Member said-! think it was the who are able to decide for themselves the is in favor of da.ylight saving in the Dis­ trict of Columbia 8 to 1, yet the mem­ gentleman from Mississippi-you who vital issues they are concerned with. I want to work Saturdays and your people think the Congress is making history by bership of this House, practically every one of us who will leave the District of want you to work and you are working taking this position. It is evidencing its in your office Saturday, when you call interest in the same kind of government Columbia, and go home into our own districts during the month of July or up a department and ask for informa­ which we have back in our home districts tion and the answer is "Nobody home, .. in every township, county, and subdivi­ August or whenever we will adjourn, are denying the right to the people of the they have closed the office. Under this sion of government, in the various States, bill they will close an hour earlier. They and, finally, in the Federal Government District of Columbia to have what they consider they are entitled to, daylight now have a number of holidays each itself. It is a challenge-and I believe year, and I think in addition they have this question presents the very beginning saving in the District of Columbia. It seems to me, Mr. Chairman, we are 15 days• sick leave and 30 days' annual of that challenge-that 800,000 inhabi­ leave. That is 45 days they now have, tants of the District of Columbia, now wasting a lot of time on matters that per­ sonally are of but very little interest to and every Saturday off. voteless, now without any e.lCpression of . Now, once in a while somewhere, some­ opinion in government, now without any us. Of course, we are interested in what time, somebody has got to work. The opportunity to rule themselves-this goes on back in our own States, but every folks in my district call up my office in question goes to the heart of this issue, State north of us along the coast, whether the afternoon and want to know some­ and gives them the first step they have it be New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New thing-want action. I must learn from ever had in the matter of home rule. York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, or a department down here, not on Sat­ Home rule and representative govern­ Rhode Island, has daylight saving. To urdays, but on Mondays, Tuesdays, ment go hand in hand. Home rule is be sure, it was quite confusing when we Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays. the issue which already the people of the picked up the paper yesterday to find out My . home folks call me. I have to tell United States have decided upon and what the radio schedule was. We found them I cannot get an answer because the which they feel ought to be given to when we turned the dial that the pro­ Federal employees have gone home. themselves·. Finally, when residents of gram we were interested in was on an "What time do you quit down there?" the District of Columbia obtain that hour ago. "Well, they have gone home." It is 4:30, blessed privilege of representing them­ Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that we and we are on Washington time. selves, I believe that the problem of con­ ought to follow the recommendations of Now, these people do not have to work stitutional government in the United this committee which has given so freely for the Government, but if they do ask States will be solved. For that reason, of its time in the determination of the for and accept a job, then they, as well I am voting for this bill. · problems of the District of Columbia. a& Members of Congress, should render The CHAIRMAN. The time of the I hope that this bill as amended by the service when the people want it. gentleman from New York [Mr. EDWIN gentleman from New York [Mr. WADS­ When they tell us that it is a question ARTHUR HALL] has expired. WORTH] will be approved this afternoon. of home rule, they are in error. It is a 4164 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 question of whether your people in your purpose that the gentleman ought to Mr. CASE of South Dakota. No. The district and my people in my district are want to accomplish and in line with the purpose is to make it decidedly more ac­ going to get service out of Washington argument advanced there should not be ceptable to the people of the country. after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, or any objection to it. It will improve the Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, Ire­ whether when the clock strikes 4 on 5 bill considerably and also improve its new my point of order. days a week there is no service in Wash­ chances of passage. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is pre­ ington because somebody here wants to The amendment says: pared to rule. The amendment offered quit to. go fishing, to play golf, to play Provided, however, That the establishment by the gentleman from South Dakota tennis, or do something else, and as a of such time for the District of Columbia goes beyond the jurisdiction of the Dis­ result we cannot get service, nor can they shall not be construed to require any change trict of Columbia, and is not germane. through us get service. in time for services in interstate commerce, The point of order is sustained. I say it is about time that the Congress nor shaH any action by the Commissioners Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Chairman, I began to legislate and continue to legis­ of the n :strict of Columbia or the governing move to strike out the last word. body of any municipality be construed tore­ late on matters that we were sent here quire a change in time for any service which Mr. Chairman, although a member of to legislate on, and not just mak,e it easy originates beyond a State line or is the sub­ the District Committee, it is very seldom for people who come to Washington to ject of a contract in interstate commerce. that I make a statement on the floor of work a part of the time for a wage that this House with reference to District leg­ is higher than our folks back home get. Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, will islation. But I have a feeling in my The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the gentleman yield? heart about this matter and I cannot gentleman from Michigan has expired. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield to pass the opportunity to make a short Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I ask the gentleman from Illinois. statement. for a vote on the Wadsworth amendment. Mr. DIRKSEN. Obviously the Com­ I have served on the Committee on The committee has no objection to it. missioners of the District of Columbia the District of Columbia for about 4 The CHAIRMAN. The question is on have no authority whatsoever over in­ years. I have enjoyed that service. For the amendment offered by the gentleman terstate commerce. The phraseology that service the members of the District from New York. here might raise some very delicate ques­ Committee, except from the District citi­ The question was taken, and on a divi­ tions of interpretation and definitely zens themselves, receive no praise. I sion (demanded by Mr. HARRIS) there mutilate the purposes of the bill. have thought several times of resigning were-ayes 116, noes 12. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The in­ from the committee, but it is a job that So the amendment was agreed to. tent of the amendment is to enact the somebody in this Congress has to do, The Clerk read as follows: purposes of the bill proposed by the gen­ and there are not many of you that want SEc. 2. If, as a result of the hearings held tleman from Minnesota [Mr. O'HARA] to do it. If you had been sent to this pursuant to the first section of this act, the which would relieve radio stations, for Congress to represent the people of the Commissioners should decide that daylight­ example, in outlying States from having District of Columbia, by the votes of the saving time should be established in the to change their schedules because the people of the District of Columbia, we District during the year 1947, the Commis­ time is changed in some city where a would not have spent 3 minutes on this sioners are authorized to advance the stand­ program might originate. It would also ard time for the District 1 hour for any period little bill today; not 3 minutes. I just of the year 1947 not earlier than the last relieve the railroads of the responsibility want you to quietly ask yourselves, not Sunday of April of such year and not later of changing their time to conform to a your neighbors, but just ask yourselves than the last Sunday of September of such change in time in some city where a this question: If I had been sent to this year. Any such time established )Jy the Com­ train starts. You might turn on your Congress by the votes of the people of missioners pursuant to this act shall, dur­ radio, if this amendment were adopted, the District of Columbia, what would I ing the period for which it is applicable, be and count on getting a program at the do with this bill? considered the standard time for the District time it used to originate according to the Now, there have been some here today of Columbia. zone you might be in. who have intimated that passage of the The Commissioners shall forthwith pro­ ceed in the exercise of the authority herein Mr. DIRKSEN. The administrative bill would be equivalent to passing the contained and shall, as soon as practicable, difficulty of the amendment would buck. Well, if that be true then we publish their. findings and orders thereunder. heighten confusion and it might take have passed the buck many, many times months to resolve that confusion. to the Commissioners of the District, Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. If the and you should not be embarrassed in Chairman, I offer an amendment. gentleman insists on his point of order, doing so again. But I do not believe The Clerk read as follows: of course I am not responsible for that, passage of this bill could be so con­ Amendment offered by Mr. CASE of South but it is a problem that the Congress strued. I see no harm and no wrong in Dakota: Page 2, line 10, strike .out the period should address itself to. We have an the Commissioners of the District, after and insert the following: "Provided, how­ opportunity here to correct it but prob­ calling in the residents of the District, ever, That the establishment of such time for determining themselves whether or not the District of Columbia shall not be con­ ably will not be able to do so if the gen­ strued to require any change in time for tleman interposes his point of order. they should have daylight-saving time. services in interstate commerce, nor shall Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the What is wrong with it? any action by the Commissioners of the Dis­ gentleman yield? There are many of you here today­ trict of Columbia or the governing body of Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield you will not publicly so say-who are any municipality be construed to require to the gentleman from Minnesota. opposed to the District of Columbia hav­ a change in time for any service which origi­ ing the right of ballot. Well, I will say nates beyond a State line or is the subject of ·Mr. O'HARA. It illustrates what we a contract in interstate commerce." do in this bill in affecting the people who publicly I am opposed to it. But let me come in here from all over the country say to you now unless you give to the Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I make also. people of the District of Columbia a few a point of order against the amendment of the things that they want in which on the ground it is not germane and Mr. CASE of South Dakota. That is there could possibly be no harm or no covers interstate commerce as distin­ correct. I regret that the gentleman wrong, then the demand is going to be guished from local jurisdiction. from Illinois in this particular matter so strong upon this Congress. in years to Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. seems not to be able to let his usual gen­ come that you are going to have to give Chairman, will the gentleman withhold erous nature dictate consideration of the them the ballot. Now, the question is his point of order? amendment. just this: Do you want to give to the Mr. DIRKSEN. Yes; I will withhold Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Mr. people of the District one of the minor, the point of order. - Chairman, will the gentleman yield? little, ordinary things that they are ask­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield ing-that is this: Daylight saving? You Chairman, I shall not contend, of course, to the gentleman from Massachusetts. know down deep in your ·hearts that that the amendment is germane under Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Would nearly all of the citizens of this District the rules of the House, but it is pertinent not the adoption of this amendment cre­ want it. What would you do if you had and I suggest that it accomplishes the ate more confusion? been sent to Congress by their votes? 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 4165 I live in a rural district. There are press themselves, and certainly the the Commissioners take the testimony 153,000 farmers and farm people resid­ amendment offered by the gentleman and then come to the Senate and House ing in my district. They are a wonder­ from New York was all right, but the District Committees and report and ful people. I do not think they give.one Commissioners were not elected by the make their recommendations. Then let tinker's hoot whether or not the District people and the people have no right to this House decide on daylight-saving has daylight saving, midnight saving, or say what is going to be done. time. whether District residents work at night I do not know whether the House held Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, will the and sleep all day, or vice versa. I be­ any hearings on this or not, but I do gentleman yield? lieve that your people are no different know that the House voted down day­ Mr. HENDRICKS. I yield. from mine. They will respect you more light-saving time not very long, ago. Mr. BREHM. Does not this bill ex­ for casting your vote in keeping with the This is simply a method of circumvent­ pire on September 20? September 20 is desires of- the District residents. ing what we have already done and giv­ not wintertime. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, will ing three Commissioners the right to de­ Mr. HENDRICKS. Even if it_expires the gentleman yield? t~rmine whether we were right or wrong. on September 20, it is still running into Mr. ABERNETHY. I yield to the Remember we had daylight-saving the winter. You know that daylight gentleman from Michigan. time during the war, but we had it all comes later in those months. But what­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Does the gentleman over the entire Nation, and that did not ever· time it may come, you are putting think his constituents will be pleased complicate problems so very much. a burden upon the people who have to when they learn that these two Com­ Many disadvantages of daylight-saving send their children to school and upon missioners have said to all these Federal time have been pointed out here today. the workingman who has to get up early employees here that they do not need The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. in the morning, and on the farmer who to give service to the Congressmen or HoFFMAN] pointed out the fact that peo­ has to get his produce to the market the people of the District after half­ ple would be getting up earlier. The when the market opens. He would have past 3 in the afternoon every day? gentleman from New York pointed out to get up before daylight to do that. Do Mr. ABERNETHY. The legislation the fact that the farmer would have to not tell me that it does not affect the contemplates no such. . If it did, I would get up earlier to get his produce into the entire Nation, because it does. be against it. I think the gentleman is market. The gentleman from Missis­ Mr. BREHM. The workingmen with using a vague and misleading illustra­ sippi has said it does not make any dif­ whom I have talked are in favor of it tion of what the legislation contem­ ference to the farmer what time the because it gives them more time to spend plates. There are Representatives here people get up here· in Washington or in their gardens and to do work around from California. The sun does not go what time they have, but it does make their homes after their regular day's down out there for 4 or 5 hours until a difference throughout the Nation. work is finished. Since it ends on Sep­ after it does here. I have not heard the As the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. tember 20, it would not interfere with California Representatives complain be­ HoFFMAN] has told you many times, you children going to school in the dark. cause the Government offices are not get calls and you want information from Mr. HENDRICKS. If you would open until 8 or 9 o'clock p. m. eastern the departments. You find now that it speak to a few of them, they might say time, which is about closing time- tal{es all you can do to attend your com­ they are in favor of it, but if you put day-­ 5 o'clock-on the west coast. mittee hearings and get back to the office light-saving time into effect and then_ Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. Chairman, will and make your calls in time to find some­ ask them how they like it, they would the gentleman yield? body down there to do it. Now, when we tell you that they do not like it at all. Mr. ABERNETHY. I yield to the gen­ go into daylight-saving time, they are Mr. BREHM. Does not the gentle­ tleman from Tilinois. going to get off earlier and you will not man believe in giving the people of the Mr. DIRKSEN. The departments and be able to finish that work in the after­ District of Columbia the right to make the Congress will all be on the same time. noon. You will not find anyone in the their own decisions on this question? From the standpoint of putting in a departments, and you cannot find them Mr. HENDRICKS. They are not mak­ given number of hours a day, there will in Saturday. ing their own decision. be precisely no difference whatsoever. I remember daylight-saving time-we Mr. BREHM. Yes; they are. Mr. ABERNETHY. The gentleman had it during the war in the winter. Do Mr. HENDRICKS. If the people has stated it correctly. not forget the winter months are im­ would make their own decision, that Mr. HOFFMAN. Are you going to portant too. In the winter we did not would be different. All you are doing is have the District tell us what time we have daylight according to clocks until to tell the Commissioners to do what shall get up and what time we are going after 8 o'clock. Now you are going to they want, and do not tell me that the to go to work? That is going a little have that situation again, just as some Commissioners will not do what they bit far. of the Members have pointed out here please, as they have in the past. Just as Mr. ABERNETHY. All I ask you to today. These people who have to get has been pointed out by some of the other· do is vote as your conscience dictates; up and report to work by 7:30 or 8 in the speakers here, the people have expressed and when you do, I have no fear but morning are going to be handicapped be­ themselves to the Commissioners in tha that this measure will have your cause they are going to have to get up past, and the Commissioners still do ex­ approval. before daylight to do it. actly as they please. Mr. HENDRICKS. Mr. Chairman, ·I I will tell you what this is exactly, and Mr. BREHM. I have more confidence offer an amendment. if you want to find out you can investi­ in the Commissioners than that. The-Clerk read as follows: gate. I do not object to people playing Mr. DI~KSEN. Mr. Chairman, I rise Amendment offered by Mr. HENDRICKS: On golf; in fact, I like to play a little golf in opposition to the amendment. page 1, line 9, strike out all of section 2 and once in a while. I would rather do a Mr. Chairman, here you have a very insert the following: little fishing on the banks of the Po­ interesting amendment. We have been "The Commissioners of the District shall tomac late in the afternoon, but we do trying for quite some time to dispose of report their findings to the District Com­ not usually get to do that. The main this issue of daylight-saving time and to mittees of the House and Senate with their reason for this daylight-saving time is do it on the basis of home rule by con­ recommendations." - the man who works in an office and can ferring upon the Commissioners the Mr. HENDRICKS. Mr. Chairman, it report at 9, 10, or 11, if he pleases. Then power to hold a hearing and then make seems that the whole purpose of this he wants the afternoon to end early so a determination. Now, the Committee bill is to permit the people of the Dis­ he can get out and play some golf. Go of the Whole House has adopted the trict to express themselves, but we then to the working people that have to get up Wadsworth amendment which permits go a little further and give to the Com­ early, to people who have children that those who live in adjoining areas to missioners the right to determine what they have to send to school. They are come in and be heard so that it would shall be done. I do not think there is going to have to get the children up not be an ex parte proceeding. Now anything democratic about that, par­ earlier in the morning. comes the gentleman from Florida who ticularly. There is democracy in per.. I think the proper thing to do is let says in his amendment that after the mitting the people of the District to ex.. the people come in and be heard, and let hearing and after the Commissioners 4166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 make a finding they should report their Beall Gwinn, N.Y. Mills O'Hara Rohrbough Taber Bennett, Mich. Hagen Monroney Passman Sabath Talle finding to the District Committees of the Blackney Hale Morgan Phillips, Calif. Schwabe, Okla. Thomas, 'l'ex. House and Senate. So, the Commis­ Blatnik Hall, Morrison Philhps. Tenn. Scrivner Thomason sioners-he mentions two when, as a Bloom Edwin Arthur Muhlenberg Pickett Shafer Vursell Boggs, Del. Hall, Murdock Rains Sheppard Wadsworth matter of fact, there are three-will re­ Boggs, La. Leonard W. Nixon Rankin Short Weichel port to the House District Committee and Boykin Halleck Norton Rayburn Simpson, Til. Welch to the Senate District Committee. Then, Bradley, Mich. Harless, Ariz. O'Brien Redden Smith, Kans, West the committees will have to convene and Bramblett Harness, Ind. O'Konskl Reed,N. Y. Smith, Ohio Wheeler Brehm Hays O'Toole Rees Smith, Va. Williams dispose of the findings one way or an­ Brown, Ga. . Hebert Owens Richards Smith, Wis. Wilson, Ind. other and work out some kind of pro­ Bryson Hedrick Pace Riley Spence Wolcott cedure that is not yet apparent to me Buck' Herter Patterson Rizley Springer Wood Buffett Heselton Peden Robston Stefan Woodruff and bring the matter ·back here to go Burleson Hess Peterson Rockwell Stevenson Zimmerman through the same identical proceedin~s Busbey Hinshaw Plumley that we have before us this afternoon. Butler Holmes Poage NOT VOTING-68 Byrne, N.Y. Hope Potts Bender Gallagher Mansfield, Tex. Now, that is a beautiful piece of cir­ Canfield Horan Poulson Bland Gathings Meade, Ky. cumlocution and if you want to evis­ Carroll Howell Price. Fla. Bolton Gavin Mitchell cerate a bill, that would be a fine way Case, S.Dak. Huber Price. Ill. Buchanan Gerlach -Morton I Chadwick Jarman Priest Buckley Gifford Noda.r of doing it. suggest that we vote down Chelf Javits Rabin Bulwinkle Granger Patman the gentleman's amendment. Chiperfield Jenison Ramey Carson Hand Pfeifer The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Clason Jenkins, Pa. Rayfiel Case, N.J. Hart Philbin Coffin Johnson, Calif. Reed, Ill. Celler Hartley Ploeser the amendment offered by the gentle­ Cole, Kans. Jonkman Reeves Clements Heffernan Powell man from Florida [Mr. HENDRICKS]. Cole, Mo. Judd Rich Curtis Jackson, Calif. Preston The amendment was rejected. Cole, N.Y. Karsten, Mo. Riehlman D' Alesaudro Johnson, Ind. Sanborn I Combs Kean Rivers Dawson, Ill. Jones, Wash. Schwabe, Mo. Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, Corbett Kearney Robertson Domengeaux Kearns Scoblick move that the Committee do now rise Cotton Keating Rogers, Fla. Donohue Kefauver Scott, Hardie and report the bill back to the House Coudert Kee Rogers, Mass. Douglas Keogh Scott, -«rith an amendment, with the recom­ Courtney Keefe Rooney Drewry Kersten, Wis. Hugh D., Jr. Cravens Kelley Ross Ellis King Somers mendation that the amendment be Crosser Kennedy Russell Elsaesser Kirwan Stanley agreed to and that the bill as amended Crow Kilburn Sadlak Fisher Landis Taylor do pass. · Dague Kilday Sadowski Fletcher Lane Tollefson Davis, Tenn. Klein St. George Folger Latham Vail The motion was agreed to. Dawson, Utah Kunkel Sarbacher Fuller Lynch Vinson • Accordingly the Committee rose; and Deane Lea Sasscer the Speaker having resumed the chair, Delaney LeFevre Seely-Brown So the bill was passed. Devitt Lodge Sikes · The Clerk announced the following Mr. CANFIELD, Chairman of the Commit­ Dingell -Love Simpson, Pa. tee of the Whole House on the State of Dirksen Lucas Smathers pairs: the Union, reported that that Commit­ . Dondero Lyle Smith, Maine On this vote: Durham McConnell Snyder Mr. D'Alesandro for, with Mr. Domengeaux tee, having had under consideration the Eberharter McCormack Stigler bill to authorize pay­ Albert Angell Banta Clippinger Hoeve11 Murray, Wis. Allen, Calif. Arends Bates, Mass. Colmer Hoffman Norblad ment of allowances to three inspectors of Allen,nl. Auchincloss Battle Cooley Holifield Norrell the Metropolitan Police force for the use 1947 . I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4167 of their privately owned motor vehicles, until midnight tomorrow night to file ducing the term from June 30, 1948, to and for other purposes. minority views on the bill H. R. 3203. December 31, 1947. The Clerk read the title of the bill. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. Chair.man, I supported the two au­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Ohio?. thorizations for UNRRA in the sum of the request of the gentleman from Illi­ There was no objection. $1 ,350,000,000 each. I did that with nois [Mr. DIRKSEN]? SPECIAL ORDER TRANSFERRED some misgivings, but especially on the The Clerk read the bill, as follows: second authorization. At that time I of­ Be it enacted, etc., That the Commission­ Mr., KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I had a fered an amendment that we give notice ers of the District of Columbia are hereby special order for today. I ask unani­ to the United Nations that at the end of authorized to allow not more than three in­ mous consent that it may be transferred this term the United States would with­ spectors of the Metropolitan Police force an to Monday, May 5, following the legis­ draw from UNRRA. That was done be­ allowance for privately owned automobiles lative business of the day and any spe­ cause I felt that at some time this should used by the inspectors in the performance of cial orders heretofore entered for that ofilcial duties at not to exceed $480 per an­ become residual relief instead of what day. it promises to be-permanent relief year num for each automobile used during the The SPEAKER. Is there objection fiscal years 1945 and 1946 and thereafter to after year. I am concerned that that pay to not more than three inspectors of the to the request of the gentleman from is what this bill contemplates at the pres­ Metropolitan Police force who may be called Wisconsin? ent time; that is, that we are going per­ upon to use rrivately owned automobiles in There was no objection. manently into the relief business, the the performance of ofilcial duties for each SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED only difference being that the United automobile an allowance not to exceed $480 States is singly and alone taking over per annum. Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the gen­ the burdens of UNRRA. I think I can The bill was ordered to be engrossed tleman from New York [Mr. KLEIN] may point to the evidence which sustains that and read a third time, was read the third address the House for 30 minutes to­ conclusion, and I want to examine with time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ morrow after the disposition of the legis- you the record and show that there will sider was laid on the table. _lative business for the day and special be no need for relief after 1947. EXTENSION OF REMARKS orders heretofore entered for that day. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. REED of New York asked and was The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. JONKM~N. I yield to the gentle­ given permission to extend his remarks to the request of the gentleman from New York? man from Mississippi. in the Appendix of the RECORD and in­ There was no objection. Mr. RANKIN. Does this amendment clude a quotation from a newspaper eliminate those countries that are Com­ article. RELIE.'F ASSISTANCE TO PEOPLE OF COUNTRIES DEVASTATED BY WAR munist-controlled? Mr. MASON asked and was given per­ Mr. JONKMAN. No; it does not. mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ Mr. EATON. Mr. Speaker, I move pendix of the RECORD and include two I do not see how any Member can con­ that the- House resolve itself into the sistently vote for relief through or in 1948 editorials. Committee of the Whole House on the when all the evidence, the only thing Mr. McCORMACK asked and was given State of the Union for the further con­ that we have to guide us, shows that permission to extend his remarks in the sideration of House Joint Resolution 153, there will be no need for relief after 1947. Appendix of the RECORD in two separate providing for relief assistance to the peo­ · We all know that the inspiration for this instances and in each to include edi- ple of countries devastated by war. bill came from the General Assembly of torials. _ The motion was agreed to. · the United Nations where continuation Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL asked and Accordingly the House resolved itself was given permission to extend his re­ into the Committee of the Whole House of UNRRA was considered and their rec­ marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and on the State of the Union for the further ommendation at that time was 6 months include a radio address. consideration of House Joint Resolution of residual relief after the expiration of 153, With Mr. SCHWABE of Oklahoma in UNRRA on March 31, 1947, which would Mr. BRADLEY of California asked and bring it up to October or until the next was given permission to extend his re­ the chair. crop year. marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and The Clerk read the title of the joint include a resolution of the City Council resolution. Mr. Hoover recommends on page 55 of of Baltimore in support of an adequate The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will the hearings: merchant marine. state that when the Committee last had These estimates, except for Austria, 1n my Mr. LEFEVRE asked and was given this joint resolution under consideration view should first include the period from the permission to extend his remarks in the the first section of the resolution had end of UNRRA until the 1947 r.arvest. Appendix of the RECORD. been read. President Truman in his message rec­ Mr. SHAFER asked and was given per­ The first section of the joint resolution ommending this legislation said: is now open to amendment. mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ The authorization recommended is de­ pendix of the RECORD. Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. signed for the urgent relief needs for the Mr. JUDD asked and was given per­ balance of the year. mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ The Clerk read as follows: pendix of the RECORD in two instances Amendment offered by Mr. JoNKMAN: On That is on page 2 of the report. and in each to include an editorial or an page 1, line 4, after the words "not to exceed" Under Secretary of State Clayton said strike out "$350,000,000" and insert "$200,- on page 13 of the hearings: article. 000,000." Mr. DEVITT asked and was given per­ Question by Mr. JoNKMAN. Is it your be­ mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman lief from present indicat~ons that they will pendix of the RECORD and include a reso­ from Michigan is recognized for 5 min- · have less acute need for 1948 than they will lution by the Certified Public Account­ utes in support of his amendment. in 1947? ants of Minnesota. Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Chairman, I ask Answer by Mr. CLAYTON. Yes. They have Mrs. SMITH of Maine asked and was unanimous consent to proceed for an ad­ made such progress in the last 2 years, con­ given permission to extend her remarks ditional 5 minutes, and to revise and sidering the conditions under which they in the Appendix of the RECORD and in­ extend my remarks. have had to live and work, remarkable prog­ clude an act concerning displaced per­ The CHAIR-MAN. Is there objection ress in many of these countries, that if the sons. to the request of the gentleman from progress should continue at the same rate at Michigan? which it has gone in the last 2 years we be­ Mr. FULTON asked and was given per­ liev~, as I stated here, that the need for re .. mission to extend his remarks in the Ap­ There was no objection. lief by the United States Government will pendix of the RECORD and include an edi­ Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Chairman, this have been met and passed by the end of this torial from the Pittsburgh Press. amendment proposes to strike out the year. I refer to free relief, of course. authorization of $350,000,000 and insert PERMISSION TO FILE MINORITY VIEWS in place of it $200,000,000. It is com­ Mr. Acheson, Under Secretary of State, Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I plementary to another amendment in a letter written and produced at the ask unanimous consent that I may have which I expect to offer to section 2 re- debate in the House of last week. April 23. 4168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:.HOUSE APRIL 28 and, therefore, the last word on this sub­ Mr. JONKMAN. Well, it is most dif­ 000. That is up to the end of-the year. ject, wrote: ficult to say that we are not going to On January 3, 1948, Congress will be in Quest ion. Is it intended that the amounts go into those countries dominated by session. We ha~e not yet seen, Mr. authorized in the bill will be adequate to .communism, if we can control this relief Chairman, how this replacement for take care of the relief. need of the countries so that it goes to needy people without UNRRA is going to work. We know that assisted to the end of the crop year 1948? regard to creed, color, or race. UNRRA worked very, very· poorly. I . Answer. The amount requested is to assiSt I ask you then, why do they ask for dare say from what I have seen that if 10 1n meeting the estimated relief needs for the $350,000;000 to run into 1948? What is to 20 percent of the $2,750 1000 ,000 that calendar year 1947. the analysis of -it? I will give it to you we put in there actually went to.the needy Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will again from the record, from the evidence, people for food, medicine, seeds, and so the gentleman yield? from the only thing that we have to forth, it is a high percentage. What Mr. JONKMAN. I yield to the gen­ guide us in this matter. This is from assurance have we that this is going to tleman from Michigan. the hearings: be handled any better? Mr. DONDERO. Was there any evi­ Mr. VonYs. Then in addition to the $500,- I hope my amendment will be adopted. dence submitted before the gentleman's 000,000 of UNRRA products yet undelivered It provides ample funds for the balance ·committee indicating that the problems by UNRRA, I understand that $100,000,000 of the year 1947, and at the end of that of Europe today are more politcal than of this $350,000,000 to be authorized by this time Congress will be in session if fur­ they are economic? legislation would be the amount distributed ther help is needed. up to June. Is that correct? Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise Mr. JONKMAN. Well, there is that Mr. CLAYTON That depends on how soon indication. I repeat: this $350,000,000 would be available to us in opposition to the amendment. The amount requested is to assist in meet­ 1! at all, by Congress, and how quickly we Mr. Chairman, we are all well aware ing the estimated reltef' needs for the calen­ could enter the procurement. The critical of the fact that this House is so large dar year 1947. In the actual operation of time, as I have said in my previous state­ that it is utterly .imposible for it to func­ _the program, some shipments may slip over men ·~ . is in the spring and summer before tion as a strictly deliberative body. We into the first few months of 1948. With the the harvest comes in. fully realize the impossibility of 435 . possible exception ~?f Austria- That is the spring and summer that Members sitting in this Chamber and Now, mind you, with the possible ex­ we are now in. discussing an item ·of legislation. Why, ception of Austria; not probable excep- Therefore we would like to .get the money we would neyer get through. It would tion- · as quickly as we can and start shipping even take us more time than is required · we do not anticipate that further relief will wheat and other- supplies as quickly as in another place I know of to pass legis­ · be necessary unless disastrous crop failures possible. lation. Therefore that realization re­ or other unforeseen events occur. .- Mr. VOR.:YS. I noted in the budget that quires us to rely very heavily on the $100,000,000 of that was put in for fiscal committees of the House. One spe- Now, Mr. Chairman, there is no other . year 1947. -cializes in foreign affairs, . one on the guide for us, there is no other evidence Mr. CLAYTON. That ·is just an estimate, armed forces, and one on appropriations. for us than that relief will not be needed , sir. We would like to spend more than that if we could in the fiscal year 1947. We naturally and properly look to the in 1948. Appropriations ·committee on matters Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. VoRYS. A'ccording to the budget, you would contemplate that $250,000,000 wou~d germane to it. . ·We look to the Committee · gentleman yield? be distributed through 1948? on Armed Forces on matters of defense. Mr. JONKMAN. I yield to the gen­ Mr. CLAYTON. That is the estimate we It is equally natural for us to look to the tleman from Mississippi. made; yes, sir. Committee on Foreign Affairs on matters Mr. RANKIN. They have had ample In other words, they are going to spend of foreign relations. But regardless of : opportunity to make two crops since the which committee it be, the only way the war closed. The war did not tear up $250,000,000 in 1948 where there is no need of relief in 1948 according to all committee can bring the results of its their fields; it tore up the factories and the testimony available. work to the House is in a report. These the towns. With the exception of Ger­ circumstances place a heavy responsi­ many, you might say, there has not been Let us fortfy that just a little further. Mr. Tyler Wood; Deputy to Assistant bility on the committees to make sure a gun fired across the soil of any coun­ that the reports speak the truth, of try for 2 years, and there is no reason Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, said: course, the same responsibility rests on on earth why they should not have made the shoulders of those who submit mi­ - crops, except that they have been har­ Mr. JARMAN. You spoke of the $100,000,000 nority reports. assed by a Communist regi~e or en­ last November, and the acting chairman spoke of $200,000,000. Are those figures in We · have in this case a very strong com·aged to beg help from us. the budget? majority report and a strong minority Mr. J'.ONKMAN. I thank the gentle­ report. The minority report is signed man for his contribution. But I want I think that should be $250,000. .by.three able members of that committee, to emphasize what I was just saying. Mr. WooD. Yes, they are in the budget. three very fine gentlemen of whom I am There is nothing else to guide you. The _They are on the expenditure budget, which personally quite fond. I want to read evidence positively shows that no relief is the $37,500,000,000 that everybody is talk· the two concluding paragraphs of that will be needed after the end of 1947, and ing about, . and the estimate is that of the . minority report: even the statement "with the possible $350,000,000 that is in the budget, $100,000,000 exception of Austria" makes it stronger. y.rould actually be spent in the fiscal year We propose to offer amendments which 1947 and $250,00?,000 in the fiscal year _1948. will reduce the authorization of this bill to They say they may need some limited $200,000,000 and provide that no transfers of relief; in other words, the other coun­ In other words, we have the same thing supplies or establishments of credits may be tries absolutely will not need it. . there. They are contemplating expendi­ made thereunder after December 31, 1947. Now then,-why do they ask for $350,- tures into 1948 to the amount of $250,- This will more nearly meet all the consid­ 000,000 to run through 1948? There was 000,000. I submit, however, why should erations which a judicious approach ·would $100,000,000 in the budget to take care of recommend and which is adequate to ac­ they propose this when no relief is needed complish the desired result if distribution is 1947. I want you to look at the record in 1948. made with ·reasonable diligence. and see what those who prepared this ·Mr. Chairman, my amendment does legislation had in mind. not hold them to the $100,000,000 that That is what the minority report says, Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will was contemplated for 1947, that would my friends, from which this amendment the gentleman yield further? carry them through the spring and early results with which the majority of the Mr. JONKMAN. I yield. summer of 1947. I think, Mr. Chairman, committee, and I mean the majority of Mr. DONDERO. Does the gentleman that we could with consistency cut this · both Republicans -and Democrats; are in think we ought to make a difference be­ authorization down to $100,'000,000, and complete disagreement. tween the Governments of Europe which that would meet the needs of 1947. That I quote jtgain from that same minority are dominated by communism and those is what the evidence shows. But I am report, on page 9 : which are not dominated by commu­ not asking for that. We propose to give Finally, the State Department has not nism? them under this amendment $200,000,'!' made any on-the-spot check of the needs in 1947 CONGRESSIONAL R~CORD-HOUSE 4169 these countries. It does not know whether of the minority report that no on-the­ various nations are going to be after the there is scarcity- spot investigations occurred. On the next harvest and determine the require­ ment of each nation after harvest, at the Remember these words- other hand, it is directly contradicted by present time. the testimony.· If that be true; who is whether there is scarcity in Warsaw or Ath­ Therefore; he suggested that a small ens; and if SO, Which of the two ,has the the House of Representatives to follow­ greatest scarcity. the three gentlemen who signed this mi­ committee of Congress be set up to re­ nority report or the Democrats and Re­ view the needs after the next harvest. Now, I read from page 86 of the hear­ publicans who agree to the majority re­ Remember, this is only an authorization ings.· Bear in mind that word "Warsaw." port? The former express the opinion bill. The Committee on Appropriations The gentleman from South Dakota in the same report in which they say no will have to do the appropriating. But [Mr. MuNDT] was asking a question of ·on-the-spot investigation occurred, that only God knows what the needs are go­ the representative of the State Depart­ $200,00Q,OOO will prove adequate; whereas ing to be in those countries next fall ment, Mr. Wood, and he said: the latter will, I am sure, reiterate the after their harvests are in, and what our Mr. Hoover made . a great deal of the im­ position they took when voting this ability will be to fulfill those needs after portance of having on-the-Spot investiga­ amendment down in committee. our harvests· are in. Therefore, this tions and studies by qualified experts in the In conclusion, may I repeat that I amendment would-provide for a review field of relief.· As I understand your answer have orily the highest regard for· those by an appropriate joint congressional to Mr. JARMAN's question, those on-the-spot three gentlemen. I do not believe they committee on relief. All expenditures investigations _have not yet taken place in oYer $200,000,000 would have to be ap­ any of these countries. would deliberately attempt to mislead . Mr. wooD. No; :.: did not mean to give that this House. On the other hand, as. I proved by this committee. impression. They have been continuous. said last week, we are all so thoroughly Now, let us face the practical facts. Mr. ·MuNDT. No special missions have been occupied that frequently we do not have We are hopefui that -the Congress will sent over to make a specific study leading time to go into these matters, to study be · in· recess this fall. Therefore, the up to this? them from all angles as I know these Congress will not· be here to review the Mr. WooD. There have been continuous in­ three gentlemen would have done had authorization. If we have a program .vestigations by the people in the embassies time been available to them. In that that runs up to December 31, it is not· in these countrie&, in addition· to which there event they never would have placed that contemplated that the Congr~ss will be ·was this investigation, on -which we had :n session in December. This authori­ really expert people, made by the Devastated statement in the report. Areas Subcommittee of the Economic and . In view of that statement, how can zation continues through fiscal year ·social Council. we have too much confidence in their 1948, but the proposal has been made recommendation that $200,000,000 would that it may be spent in 1947. Only. God The CHAIRMAN. The time of the be adequate? knows the needs. We know something gentleman from Alabama has expired. The CHAffiMAN. The time of the about the needs, on the Foreign Affairs · Mr. JARMAN . . Mr. Chairman, I ask gentleman from Alabama [Mr. JARMAN] Committee, but, as I explained the other ·unanimous consent. to proceed for three has expired. . day, due to the way this was presented additional minutes. Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I offer to us, only 6 of the 12 days of hearings The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection to an amendment in the nature of a sub­ are before you. The secret documents the request of the. gentleman from Ala­ stitute. which gave the needs and the proposed bama? The Clerk read as follows: distribution are not before us and, there­ · There was no objection. Substitute offered by Mr. VoRYS: fore, we cannot intelligently discuss Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. VoRYS moves to amend House Joint this. But it seems· to me that, pattern­ the gentleman yield? Resolution 153 as follows: ing this after a similar joint committee Mr. JARMAN. Of course I will have Strike out the Jonkman amendment and that has been in effect for some years, to yield to the gentleman....:...! am talking at the end of section· 1. add the following: we can do a good job. The Foreign about him. But if he would let me pro­ "there is hereby established a joint com­ Service Building Committee is made up mittee on InternationaL Relief consisting of ceed I might compliment him even more five Members of the Senate appointed by of Members of Congress from the House highly. the President pro tempore, and five Members Foreign Affairs Committee and the Sen­ Mr. JONKMAN. Does the gentleman of the House of Representatives appointed ate Foreign Relations Committee. This ·mean by that last statement the Social by the Speaker. is provided in the Foreign Service Build­ and Economic Council of the United Na­ "It shall be the duty of the joint commit­ ings Commission law, title 22, section tions made on-the-spot investigations? tee to study relief needs in foreign coun­ 293, United· States Code. That joint tries and the ability of the United States to committee must approve, even though Mr. JARMAN. I am reading from the furnish relief; the President shall keep the ·hearings. I believe I reached the point joint committee advised of foreign relief appropriations are made, before an em­ where I said investigation was made by needs and the measures he is taking to re­ bassy can be -put up on foreign soil.. the Devastated Areas Subcommittee of lieve such needs and all expenditures in ex­ Under the proposed substitute I offer, the Economic and Social Council. cess of $200,000,000 from the appropriations a joint committee which would obviously Mr. JONKMAN. That is the United herein authorized shall hav.e the approval be made up of a majority of the party in Nations organization. of the joint committee. Such approval may power in Congress would have to approve be given in detail or in gross. amounts as all expenditures after the first $200,- Mr. JARMAN. Oh, yes; "on which we the joint committee shall deem advisable." had really expert people." If the gen­ 000,000. If we adopted this we would tleman will permit me to proceed-my Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I offer have bipartisan power and responsibility time is very limited. this substitute as another way of solv­ in carrying out this policy in that we There has not been ln these countries a ing the problem presented by my would have the Executive proposing the formal investigating committee from the out- esteemed colleague the gentleman from expenditures and the committee, a ma­ . side, but let me assure you that, for example, Michigan [Mr. JONKMAN]. I offered the jority of which would be Republicans, we went into Poland this summer and Am­ amendment to cut the amount of the approving these expenditures. I am bassador Lane and his whole staff were authorization to $200,000,000 in commit­ sure the committee would approve them spending a great deal of time, not only in tee. In the meantime, time has been if the funds were necessary. In the Warsaw, but all over the country, looking at going by. I have seen how kleidoscopic event the expenditure were not necessary the condition of the crops and interviewing ' and unpredictable the changes in Europe I am sure that such a committee would people in various places. and in our relations with Europe make prevent needless expenditure. Now, my friends, I submit to you the the future. I therefore propose the sug­ Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, will the considered opinion-and I may be wrong, gestion which carries out the suggestion gentleman yield?·· but if I am, I am subject to' being chal­ · made by Mr. Hoover before our com­ Mr. VORYS. I yield. lenged-that I do not believe that evi­ mittee. Mr. EATON. Do we understand from dence is controverted anywhere in the If you will look at the hearings on page the gentleman's amendment that this hearings . .. Therefore, I do not believe · 57, you will find. Mr. Ho·over said: proposed committee is to be appointed . there appears.to be apything in the hear­ There· 1s no mortai ·man who can de­ from the membership of the Foreign ing to substantiate the positive statement tennine what the requirements of those Relations Committee of the Senat·e and xcnr--263 4170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 the Foreign Affairs · Committee. of the contribution to this money that we are ticularly Poland, where there is Soviet-domi­ House? proposing to spend? nated government and let that government distribute the relief, without advancing the Mr. VORYS. The amendment merely Mr. VORYS. We have no assurance Communist Party in those countries. That provides that the Speaker shall appoint at all. is what happened under UNRRA, as near as five members and the President of the Mr. JENNINGS. I am talking about I can find out, and that is what worries me Senate shall appoint five. Where they the percentage. What I want to know about this situation. I think if Russia is are to come from is left to the wisdom is if we have any assurance that any going to dominate those countries she had of these Presiding Officers. I imagine other nation on earth will make any con­ better help feed them. that the Foreign Relations Committe~ of tribution. To this Mr. Clayton replied in the fol­ the Senate and the Foreign Affairs Com­ Mr. VORYS. We know that the Brit­ lowing manner: mittee of the House would be represented ish are going to lend $40,000,000 in heavily. There might be members from Mr. MERROW, may I say just a few words Austria, but due to the fact that no on t h at: Of ·course Hungary is hungry, and the Appropriations Committees. treaty has been had in the case of Aus­ starving people are starving people wherever The CHAIRMAN. The time of the stria it is doubtful in my mind whether you might fincj them, under what conditions gentleman from Ohio has expired. Austria will come into this program. of government or otherwise. However, I Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I ask The CHAIRMAN. The time of the think, under the conditions which we will unanimous consent to proceed for two gentleman from Ohio has again expired. name in these agreements, you may be sure additional minutes. Mr. MERROW. Mr. Chairman, I that the people getting this relief will know Mr. HERTER. Mr. Chairman, will the move to strike out the last word. where it comes from and who is supplying gentleman yield? Mr. Chairman, I rise to support House it, that it will be distributed without dis­ Mr. VORYS. I yield. crimination, and that the purpose we have Joint Resolution 153, and I think it in mind will be accomplished to prevent Mr. HERTER. Is it not true that in should be passed without amendment. advocating the type of check the gen­ starvation in these countries. I shall endeavor to develop my reasons PROPOSED AGREEMENTS tleman has in mind in offering this for this statement. amendment, Mr. Hoover likewise rec­ Whereas I agree with my distinguished In the appendix of the hearings, page ommended that the sum of $350,000,000 colleague from Ohio in that we should 125, there is a statement by Mr. C. Tyler be left intact? have a committee to study the way in Wood, Deputy to the Assistant Secretary Mr. VORYS. Mr. Hoover suggested which this money is to be spent, I be­ of State for Economic Affairs, concerning that this sort of control would leave the lieve that is part of a larger problem. the agreements referred to by Mr. Clay­ authorization intact subject to appro­ For a long time I have been asking that ton to be made between the United States priation, but would permit a congres- there be a select committee of 23 Mem­ and relief-recipient countries. Under 13 . sional string to it in case the money bers appointed to make a full study of headings Mr. Wood has outlined the · were not needed, and would also give foreign policy, both economic and polit­ agreements referred to by the Under Sec­ congressional power· and responsibility ical, in every country and with full power retary. I quote only part of his state­ to make this relief truly a bipartisan to investigate the Department of State ment: proceeding. and the Foreign Service. So far as the The agreements will• provide for reports Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Chairman, will committee suggested by my distinguished covering (a) prompt notice of arrival of the gentleman yield? colleague is concerned, I believe it would United States supplies, (b) the allocation of Mr. VORYS. I yield. those supplies to commercial and other chan­ Mr. VAN ZANDT. Was this amend­ be a subject for legislation other than nels and the quantity of supplies used for ment proposed in the Committee on For­ House Joint Resolution 153. free distribution, (c) current inventories of eign Affairs? Mr. Chairman, nobody has been any all supplies available for relief, and (d) Mr. VORYS. Yes. more outspoken against communism forecasts of local supplies which will become than I. I would vigorously oppose the available; the. agreements will provide that Mr. VANZANDT. What was there­ the United States representatives will be sult? spending of American money if in any way it could be used to advance com­ completely free to observe, inspect, and Mr. VORYS. It lost. travel at any and all times as they consider Mr. VAN ZANDT. By how many munism and to assist Moscow-controlled necessary, and the full cooperation of the votes? governments. If this resolution were to Government in providing them with informa­ Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ continue UNRRA, I would strenuously tion, statistics, and reports; the agreements man, will the gentleman yield? oppose the measure. In the summer of will provide that representatives of the Mr. VORYS. I yield. 1945 I witnessed the UNRRA operations United States press and radio will be given Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Does the in western Europe and the Balkans. complete freedom to observe and report on While in this area and particularly in the relief distribution; the agreements will gentleman's amendment provide for an provide that the recipient governments will administrator? Belgrade, the capital of the Moscow­ Tito-dominated Yugoslavia, I learned arrange for publicity regarding the arrival Mr. VORYS. That will be proposed in of United States supplies, the channels of an amendment to be offered later. that UNRRA was being used. to advance distribution, any unusual features of the Mr. HERTER. The purpose of the the fortunes of the Communist Party. distribution of supplies, and the utilization gentleman's amendment is to make it In an effort to focus attention on the of funds accruing from sales of supplies for clear that the United States is prepar­ misuse of UNRRA funds I introduced the benefit of the people; the agreements on ing to contribute up to $350,000,000 if it on October 10, 1945, House -Resolution this subject will give the United St ates con­ is needed; but there is not any sense in 369 to set up a committee to- make an trol of the program at all times and provide investigation of UNRRA. a powerful means of enforcing compliance actually spending it unless it is spent with United States wishes concerning the after investigation and that investiga­ UNDER SECRETARY CLAYTON'S ASSURANCES distribution; since conditions vary from tion proves that it is actually needed. The joint resolution under discussion country to country, it is possible that other Mr. VORYS: That is right. provides for unilateral relief action by provisions will be necessary to insure proper This is only an authorization bill, but the United States to prevent starvation. conduct and effectiveness of distribution in this will help the Appropriations Com­ It is "based on the principle that relief some particular country. mittee, which would not be permitted to of this kind is for people in need, and REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 3 put any such legislative restriction in an that these unfortunate people cannot be In section 3 of the resolution it is ex­ appropriation bill in connection with any allowed to suffer from hunger because pressly stated: appropriation made beyond $200,000,000; of the nature of their governments." No relief assistance shall be provided un­ but if the Appropriations Committee is On February 25, 1947, Under Secretary der the authority of this joint resolution to so disposed it would be subject to the of State for Economic Affairs, Mr. Clay­ the people of any country unless the gov­ control of this congressional relief com­ ton, appeared before the Foreign Affairs ernment of such country has given assurance mittee. Committee at the opening of the hearing satisfactory to the President that (a) the Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, will on this measure. Fearing that the pro­ supplies transferred or otherwise made avail­ the gentleman yield? posed relief might be used by Russian­ able pursuant to thic; joint resolution, as well as similar supplies produced locally or im­ Mr. VORYS. I yield. controlled governments to advance com­ ported from outside sources, will be distrib­ Mr. JENNINGS. What assurance have munism, I said to Mr. Clayton: uted among the people of such country with­ we that any other nation in the world I just do not see how we are going to send out discrimination as to race, creed, or po­ , other than this N:ation will make any relief, for instance, to Hungary, and par- litical belief; (b) representatives of the Gov- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4171 ernment of the United State::: and of the communism and one of the most ef­ I live in a country that once lost a press and radio of the United States will be fective ways to do this is to aid starving war. I think I can refer back to that permitted to observe freely and to report fully regarding the distribution and ut iliza­ people in devastated countries. The tragic era without in any way offending tion of such supplies; (c) full and continu­ rigid requirements which must be met the sensibilities of anyone. There never ous publicity will be given within such coun­ before relief can be furnished to these lived greater soldiers in time of war, or try as to the purpose, source, character, scope, countries will guarantee that the Ameri­ greater citizens in time of peace than amounts and progress of the United States can taxpayers' money will not be used to those brave men who wore the gray in relief program carried on therein pursuant bolster Moscow-controlled governments that unfortunate conflict known ~ as the to this joint resolution; (d) if food, medical in nations such as Poland and Hungary. Civil War, or the War Between the supplies, fertilizer, or seed is transferred or I hope this measure passes by a substan­ States. otherwise made available to such country tial majority. pursuant to this joint resolution, no articles When that war closed those men came of the same character will be exported or re­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the home and tied their empty sleeves to moved from such country while need there­ gentleman from New Hampshire has ex­ the plow lines and began making their for for relief purposes continues; (e) such pired. own way. I know because I saw it 25 country has taken or is taking, insofar as Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, I ask years after the war closed. I have seen possible, the economic measures necessary to unanimous consent that the gentleman a one-legged ex-Confederate soldier reduce its relief needs and to provide for its be permitted to ·proceed for three addi­ leaning on his hoe for a crutch and cul­ own future reconstruction; (f) upon request tional minutes. tivating his field, hoeing cotton, or of the President, it will furnish promptly in­ formation concerning the production, use, The CHAIRMAN. Is there· objection cutting sugarcane. distribution, importation, and exportation of to the request of the gentleman from One of the leading businessmen of any supplies which affect the relief needs of Illinois? the country in which I live told me that the people of such country; and (g) repre­ There was no objection. he plowed the milk cow the first year sentatives of the Government of the United Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, will the after the war closed. States will be permitted to supervise the dis­ gentleman yield? Their horses were gone, and in many tribution among the people of such country Mr. MERROW. I yield to the gentle­ cases their outhouses, and even their of the supplies transferred or otherwise made man from Illinois. homes, had been burned. There was available pursuant to this joint resolution. Mr. OWENS. Inasmuch as the gen­ hardly a home but had lost a son, and CONFIDENCE IN STATE DEPARTMENT TO tleman stated that he does not want any a large percentage of the ones who sur­ ADMINISTER THIS RELIEF amendment, and I have an amendment vived had been severely wounded. The conditions set forth in section 3 at the desk, I woul.d like to ask the gentle­ They got no assistance from anyone, of this measure in addition to the as­ man if he can state what the constitu­ they were unable to do so; yet they strug­ surances of the Under Secretary of State tional authority for this $350,000,000 gled on, developed the strongest stamina for Economic Affairs and the proposed gift is? ever known, and taught it to their chil­ agreements as outlined by Mr. Wood Mr. MERROW. We have a constitu­ dren. It has been the sa vi or of the satisfy me that this money will be spent tional right to appropriate any money Southern States for the last 80 years. to prevent starvation and that in no way that we desire for relief to any country. They were men, take them for all in will it be used to further the interests of Mr. OWENS. There is nothing in the all. We shall not look upon their likes the Communist Party. For a long time Constitution on it. That is why I have again. I have been asking for a select commit­ the amendment. We cannot depend This war has been over 2 years, and the tee to study foreign policy and to study on it. peoples of Europe have had ample time the Department of State and the Foreign Mr. MERROW. We have tione it be­ to make two full crops. Service. I have been requesting such a fore. In the fall of 1945 the greatest soldier study not in an attempt to hunt witches Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, if the developed in this war, Gen. George S. but to improve the State Department. I gentleman will yield, the constitutional­ Patton, cam~ here to see me. He came have confidence in Mr. Clayton and his ity is found in the power of the Congress by to thank me for defending him on associates and I believe that they will to appropriate money for the general this floor, as he expressed it, "When I conscientiously carry out the provisions welfare. · was on the battlefront and could not of the resolution and will fulfill the Mr. OWENS. That is the amendment defend myself." pledges they have made in reference to I have at the desk, but I do not believe He said, "Why are you people getting the agreements they propose to make it is sufficient without the specific ready to feed Germany?" He said, "I with relief recipient countries. amendment in the bill. have been all over Germany, and they TERMINATION Mr. MERROW. There has been no have the finest crops I ever saw." That provision like this before. was in the fall of 1945. He said, "We Furthermore House Resolution 153 Mr. JAVITS. There is no question of didn't shoot up the fields, we shot up provides that the President shall termi­ constitutional authority. the towns and the factories and the nate relief assistance whenever by rea­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the cities." son of changed conditions the provision gentleman yield? Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will of relief assistance provided by this joint Mr. MERROW. I yield to the gentle­ the gentleman yield? resolution is no longer necessary, when­ man from Mississippi. Mr. RANKIN. I yield to the gentle­ ever the assurances of section 3 are not Mr. RANKIN. Does not the gentle­ man from Michigan. being carried out and whenever any sup­ man think we ought to put this matter Mr. DONDERO. May I say as o.ne who plies made available under this resolu­ over until tomorrow, until after we hear traveled over Germany in the summer tion or similar supplies produced locally of 1945 that I can confirm exactly what or imported from the outside is being General Marshall? Mr. MERROW. I would have no ob­ General Patton said. used for the maintenance of the armed Mr. RANKIN. I thank the gentleman forces in such country and whenever jection to that. Mr. RANKIN. I think the measure from Michigan. similar supplies produced locally or im­ Last year I told another general, who ported from the outside are being re­ ought to go over at least until we hear General Marshall tonight. was with General Patton, what General moved from such countries. Further­ Patton had said, and asked him why the more, the joint resolution can be termi­ Mr. MERROW. I have no objection but I hope the measure passes. people were asking for help. He said, nated by a concurrent resolution of the "The trouble is, the Communists went in two Houses of Congress. YOU CANNOT TRUST A COMMUNIST there and drove off their livestock, and SAFEGUARDS ADEQUATE Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I move took their farm machinery," just as they I believe the safeguards in this bill are to strike out the last word. will take this money if we pour it into adequate to insure the proper use of the Mr. Chairman, as I announced the those countries that the Gommunists funds provided. The measure has been other day, I will not vote for a single dominate. carefully prepared and does not need to dime to go to any country chat is Com­ I am certainly going to vote for the be amended. I believe that this aid is munist-dominated, for a gang of com­ amendment to be offered by my colleague necessary to complement the aid we are missars to steal, misuse, and starve the the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. going to give to Greece and Turkey. We helpless women and children in those COLMER] to deny this money to any coun­ are determined to prevent the spread of countries. try that is Communist-dominated. 4172 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 Communism is not a form of govern­ Therefore, I think we should carry this United States will it not help us fight ment; it is a criminal conspiracy to over­ bill over at least until we hear General communism? throw every government in the world, Marshall tonight, and we should prob­ Mr. RANKIN. I doubt it. In the first including the United States. I read that ably postpone it indefinitely. Certainly, place, I would not believe a word a Com­ to you from their own lips on this :floor a we should adopt the amendment to be munist would say. He does not believe few days ago. But, if you continue to go offered by the gentleman from Missis­ in God. He is an atheist, and no obli­ down into the pockets of the American sippi [Mr. CoLMER] to provide that not gation would bind him. Anything a people and pour money into those coun­ a dollar of this money, not a dime of it, Communist would sign would not be tries, I am not sure they will ever make shall go to a Communist-dominated worth the paper it is written on. I do a crop. They tell us that we have ab­ country. not care what they tell you about getting solutely killed, in large measure, the· de­ Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ this money under their control, or this sire of a great many people of Europe to man, will the gentleman yield? food and material. They will do just as become self -sustaining with the money Mr. RANKIN. Yes; I yield. they please with it and then lie to us we have already poured into those Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I wonder about it. countries. if the gentleman saw in this morning's Get the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, turn The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Times-Herald the statement by John to page A1895 of the Appendix, and read gentleman from Mississippi has expired. O'Donnell where he points out in a quo­ the report on the Soviet spy ring and Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I aslt. tation from a letter, that he received their traitorous operations in this coun­ unanimou's consent to proceed for five from some veteran down in Newport try, in Canada, and in Great Britain, additional minutes. News, the names of the Russian ships in :flagrant violation of every obligation The CHAIRMAN. Is -there objection that are there now loading the so-called they have signed and every promise they to the request of the gentleman from UNRRA materials and heavy machinery have made. Mississippi? and trucks and things of that kind. Former Ambassador to Russia Hon. There was no objection. Mr. RANKIN. I am not surprised. William C. Bullitt told the Committee Mr. RANKIN. The United States of Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Do you not on Un-American Activities that in his America won this war, Mr. Chairman. think this is a little inconsistent for us deliberate opinion if the Russians had We won it with our men, our money, and to be considering a measure like this until the atomic bomb and we did not have it our material. We are today staggering that sort of thing is stopped? they would have dropped it on us long under a burden of debt the like of which -Mr. RANKIN. Why, certainly. Some ago. no other nation on earth ever saw or of those countries to .which UNRRA as­ Mr. ROBSION. Mr. Chairman, will could survive. If you were to reduce sistance was furnished, Yugoslavia, for the gentleman yield? price levels to what they were 15 years .instance, took it to build up their armed Mr. RANKIN. I yield. ago, the entire wealth of this Natio_n forces and then with the very guns that Mr. ROBSION. Anyway, it would be would not be sufficient to pay the public we furnished them shot down, murdered distributed through this Government, debt. It is about time that we take those our aviators in cold blood and buried would it not? things into consideration, and not be con­ them without notifying the American Mr. RANKIN. Why, of course. If we tinuously pouring money by the hundreds authorities. are going to feed the hungry people of of millions of dollars into areas where Mr. MERROW. Mr. Chairman, will Europe, we should do it through the it promotes indolence and encourages the gentleman yield? International Red Cross. people to hold out ~heir hands and beg The American Treasury is not inex­ for the American taxpayers' money. Mr. RANKIN. I yi~ld to the gentle­ haustible. The American taxpayers are man for a question as the gentleman not inexhaustible, although they have I read portions of General Morgan's yielded to me. report. UNRRA · was a farce. The gone a long way further than any other money provided was used t9 finance a Mr. MERROW. I compliment the country that ever ·existed in answering lot of "joyriders" of a minority group, gentleman on the splendid fight that he the appeals of people of other lands. In while they let many of the Christian has alwa-ys made against communism. I my opinion, we have gone further than women and children starve to death. want to say frankly that I would oppose we were justified in going in many Now, you come along and ask for this a measure which would send materials to instances. $350,000,000. Next week you are going Communist-dominated countries if it did I am not in favor of taking any to ask for $400,000,000 to try to stop com­ not contain certain restrictions. chances on sending money into Com­ munism in Greece and Turkey. As I The CHAIRMAN. The time of the munist countries or sending food into said before, if we are going to fight com­ gentleman from Mississippi has expired. Communist countries, to be taken over munism let us begin on Capitol Hill. Mr. MERROW. - Mr. Chairman, I ask and used by those Communist regimes Let us begin in the House Office Build­ unanimous consent that the gentleman - that would use it to overthrow every ing. Let us begin in the Senate Office from Mississippi may proceed for two other government in the world, includ­ Building and in the Library of Congress. additional minutes. ing our own, undermine and destroy our Let us go down through the War Depart­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection way of life, and wreck our entire Chris­ ment, the State Department, and the to the request of the gentleman from New tian civilization. Treasury Department, and every other Hampshire? I think it is dangerous, and I am department of this Government, and There was no objection. opposed to it. drive these Reds out of our Government. Mr. MERROW. Subsection (c) of sec­ The CHAffiMAN. The time of the Then let us drive them from our educa­ tion 2 on page 4 of the bill says : gentleman from Mississippi has again tional institutions where they are poi­ Full and continuous publicity will be given expired. soning the minds of the youth of Amer­ within such country as to the purpose, source, Mr. -MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I rise in ica, and drive them from the radio where character, scope, amounts, and progress of support of the Jonkman amendment, they are insidiously pumping poisonous the United States relief program carried on and I ask unanimous consent to revise propaganda into the ears of the unsus­ therein pursuant to this joint resolution. and extend my remarks. pecting men, women, and children of · I doubt if the Soviet-dominated gov­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Americ:t. Let us clean them out of our ernments of Hungary and Poland would to the request of the gentleman from picture shows where they are spreading agree to that. South Dakota? before the youth of the land the in­ Section 5 of the bill states that- There was no objection. sidious Communist lines that are under­ The President shall promptly terminate the Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, let me mining the moral fabric of America and provision of relief assistance to the people of say first of all, I congratulate this body destroying those things for which our any country whenever he determines • • • on the close attention it is paying to forefathers fought, and for which our that supplies transferred or otherwise made the discussion dealing with the problems young men were told they were fighting available pursuant to this joint resolution, or presented in this bill. I think it has in this war. similar supplies produced locally or imported seldom been true that a bill bas come If we are going to fight communism, from outside sources, are being exported or removed from such country. before you which required more careful no man on earth will go farther than I attention, because, if for no other reason, will. But we cannot afford to fight it at If the people of the countries in ques­ the march of events and time since the one place and feed it at another. tion know that the relief comes from the date this was reported from the com- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4173 mittee has changed some of the funda­ the very purpose of doing the thing they The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman mental considerations. ask us to do, stop Communism over in from South Dakota is recognized for five On the face of these hearings you will Greece and Turkey, additional minutes. notice they were held February 25, 26, Mr. MUNDT. If the gentleman will Mr. MUNDT. Then I shall be happy to 27, 28, March 3, 4, 5, and 6. The his­ support the Jonkman amendment he will yield. I believe the gentleman who first tory of the world has changed since at least make sure that the remaining addressed me was the gentleman from March 12, because that was the day that $150,000,000 which will become available South Carolina [Mr. RICHARDS]. President Truman came before us and in the calendar year 1948 will not be Mr. RICHARDS. I am sure the gen­ delivered his message concerning the made available unless and until they stop tleman did not intend to confuse the Greek-Turkish situation. So much of that. The decision is in the gentleman's Congress in regard to President Truman's the testimony which took place in sup­ hands and in the hands of his colleagues position in this matter. It is a fact that port of this bill is obsolete today, due to this afternoon. the President has asked the Congress for the fact that the march of events has Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I am going a $350,000,000 authorization, is it not? come along and changed it and made it to support the amendment, but I want to Mr. MUNDT. The gentleman is cor­ antique and archaic. know whether when we get the $400,000,- rect, $100.000,000 for 1947, and $250,000,- I think this bill should be amended. 000 bill for which they asked a rule today 000 for the remainder of the program. I think it should be amended by the we are going to continue as we did before Mr. · RICHARDS. No. I wish to ask Members of this body this afternoon and the wa,.r started, shipping hundreds of the gentleman this: Is not the President's tomorrow. I think we can tighten it up. millions of dollars of scrap to Japan. recommendation that this Congress pro­ I think we can improve it. Certainly, in The gentleman from South Dakota and vide $350,000,000 for relief this year, but view of what has transpired since March I both fought the idea, but our views he does not specify that any part of it 12, I think we can save the $150,000,000 did not prevail. Are we going to do the is to be provided for 1947 and the other which the gentleman from Michigan same identical foolish thing and continue part for 1948? [Mr. JoNKMAN] proposes to save in his to ship all this material to Russia at a Mr. MUNDT. The budget message amendment, where it would reduce the time when they ask us to put $400,000,000 which spells out exactly what he has in over-all figure from $350,000,000 to $200,- over in Turkey and Greece to stop Rus­ mind this year provides $100,000,000 for 000,000. sia? 1947 and $250,000,000 for the remainder May I point out especially to my Re­ Mr. MUNDT. I think the gentleman of the program. publican brethren who have had consid­ understands, of course, that the time to During the hearings, as the gentleman erable to say about economy at this ses­ make that fight will be in connection knows, there was some confusion on the sion, President Truman appealed to this with the $400,000,000 bill for Greece and part of the State Department as to how Congress to appropriate $100,000,000 for Turkey. I shall do all I can to see that much they would be able to spend during the fiscal year 1947 for the purposes pro­ we do not follow policies which are op­ the remainder of this calendar year, vided in this bill. We now propose to posed to each other, one of which would undo the other. some even believing we could not spend double President Truman's recommenda­ $150,000,000 during the remainder of this tion, making it $200,000,000 for the calen­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from South Dakota has ex­ year. Under the Jonkman amendment, dar year 1947, under the Jonkman pro­ however, we can spend $200,000,000 dur­ posa.I. If you go along with the bill as pired. Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I ask ing the calendar year 1947, which is more originally presented, or if you go along than the most optimistic witness before with the bill as it will remain if the Vorys unanimous consent to proceed for five additional minutes. the Committee believed they could spend amendment is adopted, or if it goes in so short a time. through without any amendment, you Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, re­ serving the right to object, and I shall Mr. RICHARDS. Is not the gentle­ are voting to appropriate three and one­ man co11fusing tl1is request for relief and half times as much as President Truman not, I make this reservation to propound this inquiry of the Chair: Is there any the budget estimate for relief in the oc­ recommended in his annual budget mes­ cupied countries of Europe? sage. I think we should consider this bill way we can find out now whether or not this debate is going to be very limited Mr. MUNDT. I do not think so, be­ in view of what has happened in the cause, as the gentleman knows, the esti­ world since the request was origi­ and after a few moments a motion be made that all debate on this section and mate for the occupied countries goes to nally made. I would have favored the the Appropriations Committee and not $350,000,000 total had it not been that on all amendments thereto be concluded? Because there are a lot of us who want to to our committee, because it is handled March 12 the President proposed this new by the Army. $400,000,000 .program, a program which I speak on this proposal. I wapt to speak · expect to support, a program which I on it myself. Mr. RICHARDS. I would like to clear think is now essential to peace and secu­ Mr. RANKIN. I may say to the up what the gentleman means about this rity, but a program which in large part gentleman that as far as I am concerned $100,000,000 proposed by the President. overlaps, duplicates, and underscores the this debate ought to be unlimited. Every The President has asked this Congress same program for which we are now vot­ Member of the House ought to have an through the present authorization to pro­ ing $350,000,000 unless you accept the opportunity to express himself. vide $350,000,000 for relief in six particu­ Jonkman amendment. I hope every Member will get the May lar countries. None of these countries is Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ issue of the Reader's Digest and read occupied territory. man, will the gentleman yield? about the Russian spy ring in this coun­ Mr. MUNDT. That is right, except for Mr. MUNDT. I yield. try as reported on page 127 of the May Austria. issue. If he does, then tomorrow he will Mr. RICHARDS. If the gentleman will Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Does not feel just as I do. the gentleman think this House is en­ refer to the Budget he will see most of Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, re­ the relief mentioned there refers to funds titled to know what the policy of the Gov­ serving the right to object, for the pur­ ernment is in connection with the sup­ needed for relief in countries occupied by pose of making an inquiry, whether the our own forces, such as Japan, Korea, and plying of Russia with UNRRA supplies in Chair is about to state that as far as the nature of trucks and heavy machin­ the Chair is concerned time for debate, Germany. ery, and also lend-lease material that like relief, will be unlimited? Mr. MUNDT. That is a tremendously could be used against us at a time when The CHAIRMAN. As far as the Chair greater figure than the $350,000,000. we are trying to stop communism by is concerned, it is, of course, unlimited; That runs close to a billion dollars and helping Greece and Turkey? but such remarks should be addressed to will be administered by the Army. I do Mr. MUNDT. I certainly do. the chairman of the committee in charge not want to yield to the gentleman fur­ Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. What I of the bill. ther. He may get his own time to dis­ wish to know is why we should not be told The gentleman from South Dakota cuss that. whether they are going to stop the ship­ asks unanimous consent to' proceed for Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ ment of lend-lease materials and UNRRA five additional minutes. Is there objec­ tleman yield? materials in the nature of heavy equip­ tion? Mr. MUNDT. l yield to the gentleman m~nt, machinery that could be used for There was no objection. from Georgia. 4174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 Mr. COX. In view of the fact the bill I want to ask our distinguished col­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I want to emphati­ is drawn in such language as to make cer­ league from Michigan [Mr. JoNKMAN] cally go on record in favor of the Jonk­ tain that the Communists shall get the this question: As I understand the mo­ man amendment to reduce this $350,- lion's share of the fun·d, does the gentle­ mentary situation, the gentleman from 000,000 to $200,000,000. I regret that man not find it inconsistent with this Michigan has an amendment at the desk the Vorys amendment is not in such later suggestion of extending aid to cutting the $350,000,000 to $200,000,000? shape that I can vote for it, but if it is Greece and Turkey? . Mr. JONKMAN. Yes. . to serve as a substitute, leaving the $350,- Mr. MUNDT. No. I do not think you Mr. CRAWFORD: The gentleman 000,000 in the bill, then I cannot support can say that this b111 is drawn so that from Ohio [Mr. VoRYS] has an amend­ the Vorys amendment. If the Vorys the lion's share will go to the Commu­ ment before us calling for the appoint­ amendment is offered independent of the nists. If the gentleman will support, as ment of a commission to consist of five Jonkman amendment I shall certainly I feel confident he will, amendments men. support an amendment providing for a. which are to be . offered by members of Mr. JONKMAN. Not as an amend- commission consisting of 10 men, 5 from our committee, we are going to tighten ment. As a substitute. ' this body and 5 from the other body to this bill up so none of it will go to the Mr. CRAWFORD. As a substitute. be created to supervise the expenditures Communists. That is what I want to clear up. In other of these funds. I do not propose to vote Mr. COX. I ~ope the gentleman and words, the Vorys amendment would leave for any bill of this nature unless there his colleagues will make certain to write · the $350,000,000 in the bill, is that cor­ is language put in the bill which gives into the bill all of the recommendations rect? the people of this country some super­ made by ex-President Hoover. Mr. JONKMAN. The gentleman is vision over the distribution of these Mr. MUNDT. Yes. We propose to correct. funds. I prefer to go back home to my bring them up one by one so none of this Mr. CRAWFORD . . Mr. ·chairman, district this summer and next summer relief can go to help communism. If first, I wish to say that I am wholeheart­ and stand there and tell my good people we fail to do that, and if under malad­ edly in favor of what I understand will that at least I tried to protect their funds ministrative practices the aid should go be the Colmer amendment. That is to by keeping these grants and gifts under to fatten the Communists, w~ will of put provisions in the bill that will pro­ the supervision of the people of the course be in a strange position of incon­ hibit the so-called communistic coun­ United States instead of giving blank gruity after passing the Greek-Turk bill. tries from receiving any of this money. checks to all of the other people of the Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, will I do not propose to cast my vote in favor .earth. the gentleman yield? of any such contribution. To do so Mr. REED of New York .. Mr. Chair­ Mr. MUNDT. I yield to the gentle­ would be an insult to my own intelli­ man, will the gentleman yield? man from New York. gence and an insult to the good people Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the Mr. KEATING. I have a high regard of my district who pay taxes and buy gentleman from New York. for the gentleman's study and judgment bonds with which to furnish the Treas­ . Mr. REED of New York. I ·was just on this problem. Why does not the ury the dollars with which to make these th.inking, in view of the past history, it Vorys amendment, in the gentleman's · extensions of credit, or grants, or gifts, might be well to allocate a certain opinion, give every protection which the or whatever you want to call them. We amount of these funds to the Turks to Jonkman amendment gives and still are either fighting communism or we are be used only for cutting the throats of take care of the possibility of meeting supporting it. As I understand the ·pro­ the Armenians, which they have done the larger demands? posal which will come before us in a through the ages. Mr. MUNDT. I am glad the gentle­ few days to give aid to Greece and Tur­ Mr. CRAWFORD. They might do man asked that question because I want key, relief to Greece and finances to something of that kind. to discuss it. In the first place I am one equip Turkey with a great, strong, mod­ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, will the MembP-r of Congress who is opposed to ernized, fully-equipped army to fight gentleman yield? having the lower House of Congress Russia, if necessary, I see no sense in ·Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the delegate its authority and responsibility giving the so-called communistic coun­ gentleman from New York. anyWhere. I have opposed it as we have tries relief money at the same time. Mr. BLOOM. I think the gentleman been repeatedly asked to delegate it to . Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will is a little bit confused with reference to the White House. I have opposed it the gentleman yield? the administration of funds in this bili. when we have been repeatedly asked to Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen­ All of this money will be spent, and the delegate it to the State Department. I tleman from Michigan. regulations will be written by our own am opposing it when we are now asked Mr. DONDERO. · About 4 hours ago I Government. This is entirely different to delegate it to a small committee to be had lunch with one of the most promi­ from the funds administered by UNRRA. set up, as the Vorys amendment would nent newsmen of this city who just re­ UNRRA was under an international or­ propose, and delegating the responsi­ turned from Europe after having been ganization. bility of the Members of Congress to a there 4 months. His conclusion is that Mr. CRAWFORD. I understand that committee which acts without authority, it would be ridiculous on the part of the very well, and I do not think the language because we would then have authorized United States to furnish relief or money in this bill goes far enough, and I shall the full $350,000,000. Only the Jonkman to countries dominated by the Com­ support such amendments as may be of­ amendment cuts it down specifically to munists. fered in that general direction. $250,000,000. If we authorize the entire Mr. CRAWFORD. And I think Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I move ·$350,000,000 that becomes a Congres- "ridiculous" is too mild a word for it. J: to strike out the last word and ask unani­ sional directive to the Appropriations would like to say exactly what I think, mous consent to proceed for five addi­ Gommittee to make the full amount but it would not be permissible to print tional minutes. available. On the other hand the it in the RECORD. · The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Jonkman amendment reduces that direc­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the to the request of the gentleman from tive to ::>, $200,000,000 expenditure. gentleman yield? Wisconsin? Congress will be in session again next Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen­ There was no objection. year. If it should develop the other tleman from Mississippi. Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman. if I pre­ $150,000,000 is needed next year we Mr. RANKIN. Three or four days ago tend to be anything at all in this life, it could then authorize and appropriate it. I inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD is to be a realist. I like to view problems According to former President Hoover, a report that is in the May Reader's realistically, and in order to do that I however, no more than $200,000,000 and Digest of the Communist spy ring, the like to know the facts, and one of the perhaps less can be spent effectively and Soviet spy ring in this country. If any troubles that I have found as a Member helpfully during the remainder of 1947. of you think you can deal with a Com­ of this House in dealing with matters It thus seems wise to limit this bill as munist country, get the Reader's Digest, emanating from the distinguished Com­ the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. or turn to the pages Of the CONGRESSIONAL mittee on Foreign Affairs has always JONKMAN] proposes. RECORD and read that report, and you been a deep-seated conviction that the Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, I will see that you might as well attempt House, as a House of Representatives, move to strike out the last word. to tame a rattlesnake or pet a hyena. has never had all of the facts. And I 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:_HOUSE 4175 know of no bill that has ever come be­ The UNRRA pipe lines will soon run to it? What happens to this food after fore this House where that fact is so ap­ dry. I happen to have had the privi­ it gets there? Oh, you say, We are go­ parent as the bill no'W under considera­ lege, may I say to the distinguished ing to throw hedges around it. But tion, because it has been conceded by the gentleman from Alabama-- when you take this food off the ships and distinguished gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Mr. JARMAN. Do not address me if you unload it, as you must, you say you VORYS], who brought here the secret files you will not yield to me. are going to relieve Poland. Where does of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, giv­ Mr. KEEFE. I have already yielded this food go? . They have warehouses ing the record before that committee to the gentleman. there. It goes into the warehouse. Then, held in executive sessions. So the mem­ Mr. JARMAN. Yes; but the gentle­ after you get it there Joe Stalin says, bers of the committee like the distin­ man declines to further yield when I Well, we are sorry, boys. We have the guished gentleman from ,t\labama [Mr. asked him a question. food over here but we cannot do it just JARM AN] can stand. up here and tell the Mr. KEEFE. I yield to the gentleman that way. Supposing they do do things Members, "Now, you other Members of again. as your contract provides. Who gets the Congress aren't supposed to know all the Mr. JARMAN. I do not think it is food? Who gets the wheat? Did any­ facts about this thing. You rely upon fair for a gentleman to address another body ask a question about that? You your committee." gentleman in this House and then de· load a boat with wheat which has to be Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, will cline to yield to him. ground into flour. Who grinds it and the gentleman yield? Mr. KEEFE. I have yielded to the who pays for the grinding? After it is Mr. KEEFE. He did not say it in that gentleman. Does the gentleman want to ground into flour and is sacked, how does language, but he gave in suqstance that say something more? the wheat get to all these poor starving type of advice here just a little while ago. Mr. JARMAN. Yes. people that we hear about? How does it I say to the gentleman· It is pretty fair Mr. KEEFE. All right; I yield to the get into the bakeshops to be baked? Has advice, but what is sauce for the goose is gentleman. Does he want to ask a ques­ anybody told you about that ? You can sauce for the gander. As part of this de­ tion? read the record of these hearings. They bate, I want to say to the gentleman that Mr. JARMAN. I repeat that a while are barren of a single word on that sub­ I would like to see him conform to that ago the gentleman spoke with great irony ject. It would be interesting to know advice in other days. It notice that he of executive sessions. When I asked him that, would it not? If these people are did not support the committee the other whether the Appropriations Committee, so poor and emaciated and are suffering day when the vote on the Interior De­ his committee, has executive sessions, so from malnutrition and they cannot partment appropriation bill was before and whether it permits even Members of work and do anything, how are they able the House. He went off onto a tangent Congress not on the subcommittee con­ to buy this food? Is it given to them? by himself. But when State Department cerned to attend, he switched off onto Is it distributed as relief? How does it matters are here or Foreign Affairs mat­ secret documents. get to these poor people? ters are her:e, the ordinary Member of Mr. KEEFE. No; I did not switch off I will tell you how it gets to them from Congress is supposed to sit by meekly at all. I told the gentleman the facts, the evidence that came before my com­ and humbly and just adopt wisdom from and he was so excited he did not pay any mittee. They buy it and they buy it with the people of the Foreign Affairs Com­ attention to them. He did not hear the currency of the country that they mittee who have been privileged ir their them. • . live in. They pay for it in Polish cur­ secret sessions to hear all the stuff that The point I want to make is just this: rency or Austrian currency or Greek is given to them spoon-fed by the people Here is just a little bit of the record of currency or whatever other eountry it from the State Department. what transpired. Does the gentleman might happen to be. And if a fellow does Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, the concede that this is not the whole record not have that currency, God help him. gentleman has referred to me. Will he of the evidence before his committee? Then, who gets that currency? To whom yield now? Mr. JAij.MAN. If the gentleman will does it go and what becomes of it? Has Mr. KEEFE. I yield to the gentleman yield, I certainly do. anybody told you about that? Well, it from Alabama. Mr. KEEFE. All right; that is all I goes into our hands, but then what do Mr. JARMAN. The gentleman spoke wanted to say. Then, of course, you have we do with it? Does it have any value? with great irony of the secret sessions of some information that the rest of us do In relation to the dollar, it does not have the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the not have. But I am basing my opinion, much value, but it is the medium of ex­ executive sessions. May I ask the gen­ may I say to the Members, on what is change of that country. Then, what do tleman whether or not his Appropria­ here, and this is enough. we do with it? We use it to buy more • tions Committee has executive sessions, Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, will the produce that is produced locally in those and whether even Members of Congress gentleman yield? countries. Some time the thing is going may appear. · Mr. KEEFE. Not right at this mo­ to end. What becomes.of the money that Mr. KEEFE. Let me tell the gentle­ ment. they collect? Is there a word in here man, every Member of Congress can The UNRRA pipe lines Will soon run about it? Not a word. read every word that transpires in a dry. Mr. SADOWSKI. Mr. Chairman, will meeting of the Appropriations Commit­ I want to say to the gentleman that in the gentleman yield? tee. They are all printed, and yoU: have another committee of this House I have Mr. KEEFE. I yield. seen them here 6 or 8 inches deep. heard the testimony with reference to Mr. SADOWSKI. The gentleman Every word is taken down, and they are the general relief proposals for money mentioned relief in Poland and the dis­ brought here so that every Member of to take care of relief in occupied areas. tribution of relief. Did the gentleman Congress can read those hearings. I have heard a good deal about those hear General Drury when he gave his What have you got here on this im­ pipe lines, and, being a realist, I want to report on UNRRA relief and distribution portant bill?· You have got just these talk about those pipe lines for just a in Poland? The report was made here little, few pages, and it is admitted that moment. in the Speaker's dining room and all of most of the important evidence that you You know, you cannot take $350,000,- us were invited to hear it. received does not appear. The gentle­ 000 or $200,000,000 and go out and spend Mr. KEEFE. I did not happen to be man from Ohio [Mr. VoRYS] brought it overnight and start the pipe line run­ invited, or at least I do not recall it. them in the other day. ning, and then take a spigot and turn Mr. SADOWSKI. Will the gentleman Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, will it off. yield further? - the gentleman yield further? Did it ever occur to you that it takes Mr. KEEFE. I yield. Mr. KEEFE. I do not yield further. weeks to get this program under way and Mr. SADOVvSKI. General Drury told I have answered the gentleman's ques­ that it takes weeks to go into our mar­ the group of Congressmen who were tion. I have a few other things I should kets and purchase the wheat and other there to hear him, and there must have .like to call to your attention about this supplies that you are going to ship over been at least 60 or 70 of us who heard bill. . there and that it takes weeks to get the the report, that he was very well pleased Turn to the first page of the hearings food on the ships and get the ships char­ with the system of distribution. He told and read the testimony of Will Clayton. tered and routed to those countries to us that it was distributed on this basis. What does he say? I quote him: which they are going? And, then, when He said you did not give them a basket The UNRRA pipe Unes will soon run dry. the goods get over there, what happens of relief supplies as you did here in the 4176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 United States under the WPA program. Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, will It is not all foreign affairs, because He said they had to work in order to get the gentleman yield? you must remember that foreign affairs this food. Everyone who worked re­ Mr. KEEFE. I yield. is 50 percent domestic affairs as well. It ceived food. You were able to buy it, Mr. CRAWFORD. Is the gentleman is very unfortunate to give out the im­ but you got UNRRA relief supplies only in favor of the Jonkmarl amendment? pression that your committee is function­ if you worked. The only other class of Mr. KEEFE. I am heartily in favor of ing in secret and nobody is supposed to people who received UNRRA relief sup­ it. May I say I thoroughly agree with know anything about this. It is not so. plies were the orphaned children, and the what the distingUished gentleman from Mr. Chairman, there is one other thing disabled and hospitalized, and sick peo­ Michigan [Mr. JONKMAN] said. I was in I- wish to say. We are asking here for ple. No drones received any relief sup­ hopes that the amendment offered by the an authorization of- $350,000,000. This plies. · Those who did not work did not gentleman from Ohio [Mr. VoRYS] could is predicated upon what the other mem· get any. relief. be so drawn that we could adopt the bers of the United Nations are going to Mr. KEEFE. I cannot yield further Jonkman amendment limiting the sum give. The total amount is $610,000,000. to the ~entleman. to $2,000,000 and then set up a com- ' If we cut the authorization, and it is Let me call your attention to this lan­ mittee to see what the situation will be only an authorization, the members of guage in the testimony of Mr. Clayton. after this next crop year has come about. · the Appropriations Committee do no~ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the have to appropriate the full amount ir\ , gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. gentleman yield? they do not want to; they hold their "\ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. KEEFE. I yield. hearings, they get whatever testimony unanimous consent to proceed for three Mr. COX. Will' the gentleman not they want to-if we cut the $350,000,000 additional minutes. agree that if the statement made on the nearly 50 percent we are automatically The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection floor a short while ago with respect ·to going to cut the balance of the $610,000,- to the request of the gentleman from supplies being sent to Ru~sia tinder lend­ 000 that we are looking for. Wisconsin? lease is true, then a colossal fraud is be­ This is entirely different. I think There was no objection .. ing perpetrated upon the people of the those gentlemen who are bringing Mr. KEEFE. In describing what the country. UNRRA into this legislative picture, Mr. agreements are between this country and Mr. KEEFE. I think that is a fair Chairman, are not doing justice to the the countries receiving our help, he says statement. legislation we ·have before us. UNRRA this: was an entirely difierent thing. That The CHAIRMAN. The time of the was an international organization gov­ Our agreements will be very comprehen­ gentleman from Wisconsin has again erned and controlled internationally, but sive and will include methods, principles, expired. this one is not. · We said right in the and policies for the distribution of all sup­ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I rise plies. The agreement would cover the ques­ beginning to the United Nations that we tion of ration systems that should be in especially at this time to try, if I can, to wanted to do this on our own, that we effect in the country, and price controls. It defend the Committee on Foreign Affairs. wanted to regulate everything. would provide that there should be no dis­ I think it is very unfortunate that any The gentleman has asked how we are criminations, no export or diversion- statement should be made on the floor going to distribute the food. We will of this House criticizing the committee And so on and so forth. Now, UNRRA regulate every contract and every agree­ for doing something that 'will permit ment entered into between these differ­ tried to get free ·access for radio and them to legislate properly and to re­ press into those countries that are domi­ ent countries; and it is not only for ceive information by which no one will Europe, they have said nothing about nated by communism. We tried to write be embarrassed. Your chairman, the such a provision in that bill the last time China and I think China is going to take gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. EATON], a great part of this. We do not know it was on the floor, providing there would has done wonderful work in the time he be no distribution of UNRRA supplies in at this time really what is going to hap­ has been there. It would be impossible pen over there. They said, "Wait until those countries that did not open up and to allow the testimony of witnesses called let us see what took place. D.o you think we hear General Marshall's speech." in executive session to go out. It just General Marshall's speech tonight will for a minute, speaking of the poor people could not be done. But all of the testi­ of Poland, Yugoslavia, and those nations not give· you any information on which mony was taken by the oflicial reporter, you can govern yourself in your vote on under the heel of communistic control­ and any Member, I believe, has the right do you think that Mr. Stalin is going to this legislative authorization in the to go up there and read the testimony House. · • open up those nations now and take given at that time. down that iron curtain? If he does not, They say we must stop communism under the provisions of this bill, how are Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, will the from spreading. We have to destroy those poor people going to get any relief gentleman yield? communism in other parts of the world from these funds? Will you tell me Mr. BLOOM. I would prefer to make and we also have to destroy it in this that? this statement if you will permit me. country. · Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the When you call-an ambassador from a Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? country to testify before the committee gentleman yield? and that ambassador is going to return Mr. BLOOM. I yield. Mr. KEEFE. I yield. to his post in a few days, it would be very Mr. RANKIN. Are you not going to Mr. RANKIN. The American supplies embarrassing if the testimony given by create a worse condition by encouraging went into Russia, into the hands of Com­ the ambassador were to be broadcast in communism? munist Russia and were distributed, such a way that he could not return to Mr. BLOOM. I will answer that; I am and the people were told that they were his post. You are withholding such tes­ just as good a Christian as the gentle­ coming from Russia. No credit at all tiinony to protect yourself. If you want man is. I am not that kind of Christian. was given the United States. to get the real information, if you want If I find a man starving in any part of Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I simply to get the inside information, if you want the world I am not going to ask him want to say in closing, if you go through to get everything he knows, if he is will­ what his religion is-or what kind of poli­ this and analyze it step by step as to just ing to give it to you, you cannot hold open tics he believes in. I will feed the starv­ .what happened, yes, you can listen to sessions on an occasion of that kind; it ing and give them a helping hand wher.. some of these broad reports, but you is impossible to do it. But you have your ever they are. You cann.ot fight com­ get right down to it and you see how 14 Republican members and you have munism with empty stomachs. futile all these things are that we try your Democratic members and they get The CHAIRMAN. The time of the to put around and hedge and protect the evidence and the testimony that is gentleman from New York has expired. this money. The safest thing to do is necessary in order to legislate properly. Mr. ·RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I ask to see to it that we do not appropriate I think every Member of the House, Mr. unanimous consent that the gentleman one dollar to be spent in those countries Chairman, ought to feel satisfied that the from New York may proceed for 3 addi .. that are dominated by communistic chairman and the members of the com­ tional minutes, I ·want to ask· him a ques .. countries or organizations. Then we are mittee are doing the best they can under tion. sa.fe, and we do not need worry about it. the circumstances. Mr. BLOOM. Two will be suflicient. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE· 4177 Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ want to see the people of Poland and The CHAIRMAN. There are 12 Mem­ sent to proceed for two additional min­ these other nations helped, b:1t I am bers in addition to the chairman. utes. very doubtful about one question that Mr. RANKIN. You cannot possibly The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection concerns an amendment I have at the finish this bill tonight. Why not carry to the request of the gentleman from desk. Does the gentleman from New it over until tomorrow? As I said, we New York? York feel this gift of $350,000,000 is want to hear General Marshall tonight, There was no objection. necessary for our common defense and and I want every Member to read the Mr. BLOOM. If we go into these dif­ general welfare? story in the Reader's Digest before he ferent countries-and I find there is Mr. BLOOM. For both and be sure votes tomorrow on this proposition. nothing new about it, I have studied this that I said "for both." There is nothing Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, I would thing for a long time, long before this stronger than the truth and that is the like to have the Committee rise at 5 war, and long after the first war. I have truth, sir. o'clock because of other committee en­ been through 3 wars; I know what we Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gagements that we have, so that a half are going through; but I will say this, gentlem::m yield? hour from now we will rise. I do not see that we have to do this job here today Mr. BLOOM. I yield to the gentle­ how we can vote on this bill tonight in­ and we have to feed these people at all man from North Carolina. telligently. costs, and it is not going to cost us more Mr. COOLEY. As- a member of the :rvlr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ than this $350,000,000. If we can give Committee on Foreign Affairs I wonder sent that all debate on this amendment to the organization $350,000,000 and let if my friend can give the House any def­ and all amendments thereto close in 30 the other countries throughout the world inite- information concerning the state­ minutes. know we are going to do this and go along ment macte a moment ago to the effect Mr. . SMITH of Wisconsi.n .. I object, with them and want them to go along that we are now shpping heavy equip­ Mr. Chairman. with us, then we will have them with us. ment to Russia under UNRRA? Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, I move If I know ·someone is starving any place The CHAiaMAN. The time of the that all debate on this amendment and and if I can get food to them, if I can gentleman from New York has again ex­ all amendments thereto close in 30 give them a helping hand, I do not care pired . minutes. whether it is in New York, Washington, . Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I ask The CHAIRMAN. The question is on or where it is, I am going to try to do unanimous consent to proceed for one the motion offered by the gentleman that. additional minute. from New Jersey. , Mr. RANKIN. The trouble · is when The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ you send this food into these Communist­ to the request ·of the gentleman from man, a parliamentary inquiry. dominated countries, the Communists New York?. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will take it.and use it to suit themselves and There was no objection. state it. let the Christian women- and children Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, answer­ Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. What is starve to death. ing the gentleman's question, of course the parliamentary situation at the Mr. BLOOM. It is up to us to make that is aside from the bill we have under moment? the rules and regulations so severe and consideration, but let me say that Russia The CHAIRMAN. There is pending an make them so binding that the food will owes us under lend-lease about ten or amendment and a substitute therefor get to the starving people who need it. eleven billion dollars. We have been offered by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. That is what ought to be done. We have trying to get some kind of answer from VORYS]. everything to say in the matter. We hold them, but they have not answered until Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. A further the whip hB,nd from beginning to end. just the other day. UNRRA has a con­ parliamentary inquiry. That does not Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the tract with Russia. There are a few busi­ preclude other amendments to this gentleman yield? nessmen in this House and they will see section? Mr. BLOOM. I yield to the gentleman the situation we are in. ·we have a con­ The CHAIRMAN. It does not. from Georgia. tract. We have agreed to give, sell, or The question is on the motion offered Mr. COX. Is the gentleman sure he allow Russia to buy a certain amount of by the gentleman from New Jersey. was accurate in the statement he made goods. This is a contract. Now, the The question was taken; and on a that this is conditioned upon participa­ United States does not fulfill her part division (demanded by Mr. EATON) there tion by any other government? of the contract. Let me tell you, Mr. were-ayes 73, noes 56. Mr. BLCOM. Oh, no; I did not say RANKIN, about this. Listen, because this So the motion was agreed to. that. If I said that, I was in error. is good for you. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ Mr. COX. The gentleman used the Mr. RANKIN. I will ·hear you. nizes the gentleman from South Caro­ word "dependent." That is not correct Mr. BLOOM. The gentleman cannot lina [Mr. RICHARDS]. then? feel any worse toward those people over Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I rise Mr. BLOOM. It is dependent in this there than I do, but they are a shrewd at this time to clear up· any possible mis­ way, if you use the word "dependent." I people. If we default on our contract, understanding that may have arisen from will admit that I did say that. There is well, Mr. Soviet Russia will sit back and the remarks of the gentleman from a certain percentage of the different say, ''When you fulfill your part of the South Dakota in regard to the Presi­ countries that will give a certain amount contract we will talk to you." dent's request for relief funds this year. of money. The total sum is $610,000,- Unfortunately we are in the position Bear in mind that the $100,000,000 re­ 000 of which our share it is stated we are that if we do, well, we are dashed, and ferred to by the gentleman from South going to give is $350,000,000. if we do not, we are dashed. Dakota was a $100,000,000 estimate by Mr. COX. It is prop·osed that we The CHAIRMAN. The time of the President Truman to carry on relief ex­ donate $350,000,000 whether any other gentleman from New York has again penditures for the balance of the fiscal country gives a dime or not? expired. year 1S47. The $350,000,000 provided for Mr. BLOOM. Oh, yes; that is true. Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, I would here is estimated to be used up by the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the like to inquire how many Members desire end of the calendar year 1947, that is, to gentleman from New York has again to speak further on this amendment, so January 1948. It is entirely possible that expired. that we can get some idea as to when we there will be some slip-over for the de­ Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, I ask can conclude. livery ~f some of these supplies into Jan­ unanimous consent that the gentleman's . Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, a uary and February 1948. I just wanted time be extended one additional minute parliamentary inquiry. to make this absolutely clear. because I want to ask a question. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection state it. gentleman yield to me, inasmuch as he to the request of the gentleman from Illi­ Mr. RANKIN. Which amendment has been referring to my remarks? nois? does the gentleman refer to? There are Mr. RICHARDS. I yield to the gentle­ · There was no objection. two amendments pending. man from South Dakota. Mr. OWENS. I have great confidence Mr. EATON. This amendment and all Mr. MUNDT. I refer the gentleman in the Committee on Foreign Affairs. I amendments thereto. and my colleagues to the testimony at 4178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 the top of page 84, where Mr. Wood, who ment. Therefore, I should like to inter­ The record before us is absolutely spoke for the State Department all rogate the gentleman from New York void of any showing that even $200,000,- through these hearings, said specifically if he will submit himself to questioning. 000 will be spent between now and har­ that in this amount of $350,000,000, $100,- Mr. JAVITS. I shall be very glad to. vest time of 1947. 000,000 would be spent in the fiscal year Mr. CARROLL. Is it not true that As I said the other day, this is another of H~ 47 and $250,000,000 in the fiscal year $50,000,001) of this sum will go to Greece blank-check proposition. We are asked 1948; so there should not be any argu­ for food and medicine? to go along. If I am any judge of the ment about that. It is printed in the Mr. JAVITS. $50,000,000 or $60,- sentiment that is exhibited in this House hearings at the top of page 84. 000,000. If I may have a little more this afternoon, it is because our people Mr. RICHARDS. The gentleman's of your time, I am so grateful to you for are concerned about it. Our people are quotations are correct. giving me a little more time, I had for no more blank checks. How did this The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog­ started to say that we were fact-finders. figure of $350,000,000 come to be born? nizes the gentleman from New York [Mr. The facts are in the RECORD regardless On page 81 of the hearings the State JAVITS). of what has been said here to the con­ Department said: Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairmau, I rise in trary. I most respectfully ask the Mem­ opposition to the substitute amendment. bers to turn to pages 107 and 108 of the This figure of $350,000,000 was in some re­ spects a figure based on judgment, and, in Gentlemen, I speak not for the com­ record in which we have the testimony part, picked out of the air. mittee which needs no defense in view of of a man by the name of FitzGerald. the distinguished . character and great Mr. FitzGerald is a technician and ad­ Picked out of the air by the State De­ reputation for public service of the viser to former President Hoover in all of partment, based upon a survey that had chairman and many of the members these things. He is the Secretary-Gen­ been made by an agency of the United who are far senior to me, including the eral of the International Emergency Nations Organization. In addition to ranking minority member, but because I Food Council on leave from the United · the statement I have made-that they think no word has been spoken here States Department of Alticulture. Fitz­ cannot spend $200,000,000 for the rest this afternoon about the people who are Gerald said it would cost $296,000,000 to of the year-secondly, there' has been no waiting for this relief. We are talking acquire the elementary food and not assurance that this relief is going to get about $350,000,000 which sounds like a anything else just this year. That is down to the grass roots. How is it going great deal of money. But let us realize $296,000,000. Those are the facts and ne­ to be done? Just as my colleague the that in Greece alone there are 7,000,000 gates completely this argument about gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] people. I was in Greece. I personally the $200,000,000 which with all due def­ said, it is going to get down to the grass saw the situation there. Just as these erence is made not by the friends of roots by selling it to those people through distinguished gentlemen tell you that this bill but by those who feel that while the ordinary method of sales-through they personally saw the situation in Ger­ they cannot defeat it at least they will retail stores. I cannot conceive of a lot many, to which we are contributing no cut it down so that it means nothing. of those poor people who need this relief money in this bill-let us get that per-. Mr. CARROLL. Exactly. And is it getting it at this time. fectly clear-! want to tell you what I not true that this fifty or sixty million The CHAIRMAN. The time of the saw in Greece. The roads are torn up dollars for food and medicine lays the gentleman from Wisconsin [l\1:r. SMITH] and the railroads are torn up. There is foundation for the bill which is to come has expired. no rolling stock on the railroads. The before us relating to Greece and Turkey? The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. farms are denuded of the equipment Mr. JAVITS. Without that we might SADOWSKI] is recognized for 2 minutes. with which to cultivate crops. The situ­ just as well forget about the bill. We Mr. SADOWSKI. Mr. Chairman, the ation generally is a shambles. If the can not save dead men from commu­ gentleman from New York [Mr. JAVITS] Greek people did not have this relief nism. has said'it all in a few words. You can­ from us to look forward to. it has been Mr. CARROLL. Is it not true that in not save dead men from communism. said and said truly that their despair Italy alone between $100,000,000 and I am opposed to the present amend­ would drive them into tl:e arms of com­ $150,000,000 is to be spent from this ment. I am particularly opposed to the munism, not tomorrow, but today. relief fund? Colmer amendments that will be offered We must send them this help so that •Mr. JAVITS. Yes. later. The Colmer amendments would these people can fight against commu­ Mr. CARROLL. So the relief money deny bread, aid, and assistance to the nism. Remember that communism is necessary for Italy and Greece as con­ Polish people. I want to repeat, we have an idea-a conviction. It is not anything templated under this bill exceeds the had so many congressional committees that you can exercise with bayonets. It amount of $200,000,000? go to Europe and see conditions in is only the faith of these people tliat the Mr. ;JAVITS. Yes. Europe, but how many of you have been democracies have a heart and that the Mr. CARROLL. If this present in Poland? How ~any Members of the democracies will come to the aid of those amendment is adopted, it is crystal clear countries that are starving and that the to me that it may deprive the United House have seen Poland? I doubt democracies will not let them starve, States and other countries functioning whether three of you have seen condi­ that keeps these people from turning to through the United Nations from giving tions in Poland, -yet here is a country communism. The Communists tell them adequate relief to the starving millions that was most devastated; whose people that we will let them starve and that we of men, women, and children in China, have suffered most; where the Nazis and are so selfish, so money-mad, so gen­ Poland, Hungary, and Austria. The the Russians both did their damnedest. erally egotistical and set on maintaining hope of the people of these nations must The Colmer amendments would deny to our own standard of living, which inci­ be sustained by our unselfish action dur­ those people aid and assistance. Then, dentally is two or three times theirs, that ing the remainder of this year and surely Hitler was right. Hitler would we will let them starve. The greatest through 1948. It is hoped by that time have won this war. We cannot--we thing in the world for communism is this that they will have sufficient economic must not--listen to that sort of reason­ debate taking place on the floor of the strength to stand on their own feet. ing or logic. Remember this: Germany House today. At this time they are prostrate, flat on on three or four different occasions has The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ their backs, and we must do everything tried to swallow Poland, and did swallow nizes the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. possible to help them regain their bal­ it. Remember that Russia on three or CARROLL]. ance. If we do not do so, starvation, four occasions in history has swallowed Mr. CARROLL. I have read the com­ disease, and terrorism will take over. I Poland and the Polish 'people. Remem­ mittee's report very very carefully. I shall vote against the present amend­ ber that each time they had to vomit that heartily endorse the position taken by ment. country up again. They never could di­ a majority of the members on the Com­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ gest Poland or the Polish people. They mittee on Foreign Affairs, both Dem­ nizes the gentleman Irom Wisconsin are a Christian people, a liberty-loving ocratic and Republican. It is unfortu­ [Mr. SMITH]. people. They are not Communists. nate that the gentleman from New York Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ Everyone who has been in Poland will tell rMr. JAVITS] who -preceded me had so man, I rise in support of the Jonkman you there are less Communists in Poland little time to speak against the amend- amendment. than there are in the United states. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4179 The CHAffiMAN. The time of the States military cemeteries until such time All of this information was then stud­ gentleman from Michigan [Mr. SADow­ as the next of kin make decision as to ied by an identification board of Army SKI] has expired. final burial. officers, and certification as to identifica­ Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, I move Last year I introduced a bill which be­ tion was not made until all were satis­ that the Committee do now rise. came a law and which provides for the fied that the case histories left no doubt The motion was agreed to. return to the United States of an un­ as to the ·separate identities of the in­ Accordingly the Committee rose; and known American member of the Armed dividuals involved. the Speaker having resumed thr. chair, Forces who will be buried in the National Present plans call for the disinterment Mr. SCHWABE of Oklahoma, Chairman of Cemetery at Arlington, Va., near or be­ and reprocessing of all remains from the the Committee of the Whole House on side the remains of the Unknown Soldier Camp O'Donnell cemetery that are still the State of the Union, reported that of World War I. But the American in an unidentified status in an attempt that Committee, having had under con­ Graves Registration Service is perform­ to obtain new dental charts, if possible, sideration House Joint Resolution 153, ing a noble and necessary work in taking and additional identifying media. This had come to no resolution thereon. every possible step to identify as many is in keeping with the policy of the Amer­ FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Americans who lost their lives overseas ican Graves Registration Service regard­ as is humanly possible. ing unknowns. That is, .no case of an A further message from the Senate, The next of kin· and relatives of our unkno:-vn will ever be considered closed. by Mr. Carrell, one of its clerks, an­ World War II dead should find some A constant effort will go on, through the nounced that the Senate agrees to the measure of comfort and solace in knowl­ years, to locate evidence and informa­ amendment of the House to a bill of the edge of the great care with which the re­ tion which will eventually result in suf­ Senate of the following title: mains of these honored dead are being ficient accumulation of evidence to war­ S. 736. An act authorizing the Commis­ treated, the pledge of the War Depart­ rant identification. sioners of the District of Columbia to estab­ ment to carry out all feasible wishes of I have gone into detail about the un­ lish daylight-saving time in the District of the next of kin, and the promise that columbia during 1947. knowns from the Camp O'Donnell pris­ no remains will be identified unless that oner-of-war cemetery because the work EXTENSION OF REMARKS identity is established beyond the shadow done by the American Graves Registra­ Mr. JENKINS of Pennsylvania asked of any possible doubt. tion people and the personnel working and was given permission to extend his In the wake of war in the Pacific, per­ in the Memorial Division of the Office remarks in the Appendix of the RECORD sonnel of the American Graves Regis­ of the Quartermaster General here in and include a resolution of the Lithu­ tration Service disinterred the remains Washington was so extensive. But every anian Society of Luzerne County. of some· 1,600 Americans who had been individual case of an unknown is given Mr. CHADWICK asked and was given buried in the prisoner of war cemetery just as much attention and study as was permission to extend his remarks with at Camp O'Donnell on Luzon, P. I. These given this large number of unknowns. reference to one of the bills discussed remains were reburied in a temporary As our troops fought from one area to today. United States military cemetery at Ma­ another throughout the world . during Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR., asked and nila. World War II, Graves Registration units was given permission to extend his re­ But of these 1,600 remains, approxi­ went about the sorrowful task of interring marks in the Appendix of the RECORD mately 800 were in an unidentified our dead in the temporary United States and include an editorial from the Eve­ status. military cemeteries which were estab­ ning Bulletin of today's date entitled Today it is gratifying to me to report lished. 1 "No Somersault." that the Memorial Division of the Offica In most cases identity of the dead was The SPEAKER. Under the previous of the Quartermaster General, where the positively established through the identi­ order of the House, the gentleman from Government's program relating to our fication tags which each man wore, Illinois [Mr. PRICE] Is recognized for 30 -military dead is being capably and ably through personal papers found on the minutes. directed by Brig. Gen. George A. Horkan, remains, or through laundry marks which has identified 642 of these unknown were on the clothing of the deceased. WAR DEPARTMENT PROGRAM RELATING Americans after approximately 9 months TO IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN of careful, painstaking work. Letters Where remains could not be identified DEAD have gone out to next of kin of these personnel experts in identification proc­ Mr. PRICE of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, identified informing them that positive esses have been working for the American the press of postwar problems with which identification has been made and that Graves Registration Commands in an we must deal each day tends to obscure soon they will be able to make the deci­ effort to establish identity. Every useful the actual price of victory paid for by sion as to where final burial of their devise known to modern science and every our armed forces in the field with human loved one shall be made. · skill needed in detection work has been lives. This is typical, Mr. President, of the made available so that the number of But while we go on in our efforts to efficient work being done by the Quarter­ unknowns will be reduced to an absolute shape the sort of world for which more ·master Corps today in carrying out one minimum. Every bit of evidence con­ than 300,000 Americans gave their lives, it of the most solemn postwar tasks ever nected with any unknown remains is is heartening to note that we have not assigned to the War Department-the scrutinized carefully and subjected to forgotten our honored dead and the next return and final burial of our World War searching analysis. Use of the fluoro­ of kin who gave their sons into the serv­ II dead. scope has been particularly successful in ice when our country was attacked. Identification work is one of the most discovering metallic objects within the Today the Office of the Quartermaster important and vital aspects of this re­ remains which might lead to positive General is actively engaged in determin­ turn and final burial program, for the identification. Anthropological methods ing where the next of kin of all identified War Department has given its pledge have been employed. In using this American World War II dead who now that no next of kin will receive the re­ science, actual bone measurements are rest in cemeteries overseas want their mains other than those to which he is made. From these, with the help of sci­ loved ones to be finally buried. entitled, and all identification will be entific tables, it is possible to determine The War Department is pledged to positive beyond any question whatso­ race, sex, and age. In this way leads are carry out all feasible wishes of the next ever. · obtained which help toward the eventual · of kin. In order to carry out this pledge, In the case of these deceased pris­ establishment of an individual's identity. personnel of the American Graves Reg­ oners of the Japanese who were buried Some of the stories of identification istration Service, of which the Quarter­ at Camp O'Donnell, identification was work being done today by American master General of the Army, T. B. Lar­ based upon a number of facts. Reports Graves Registration Service personnel in kin, is chief, have been at work through­ of death and reports of interments were the field and by personnel in the Office out the world, wherever our troops fought compared. An officer's diary and cas­ of the Quartermaster General here in and died. To them has fallen the solemn ualty reports were carefully studied. Washington rival the most unusual tales duty of recovering remains, making posi­ Finally, dental charts were compared set down by writers of fiction. In several tive identification, and reverently inter­ and authenticated by an expert in tooth· cases Quartermaster Corps identification ring the remains in temporary :United chart identification. personnel have spent several months 4180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 28 tracing down ownership of rings or brace- identified as of that date. The War To Mr. PRESTON, for April 28, on ac­ lets found on unidentified remains. Department is confident that many more count of official business. WorA.ing with only this type of clue to identifications will be made . in the ADJOURNMENT start with, they have carried on the task months which are ahead. of identifying an individual, step by step, All next of kin of identified personnel Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Speaker, I move until the entire case has been completed have already received a letter from Gen­ that the House do now adjourn. and presented overwhelming evidence eral Larkin setting forth the cemetery The motion was agreed to; accordingly that the remains could be positively and the plot, row, and grave number to author­ wise hold for the benefit of any other per­ 389. Also, petition of American Associa­ ize payment of allowances to three in­ son, or agree so to transfer, mortgage, pledge, tion of Social Workers, petitioning considera­ spectors of the Metropolitan Police force or otherwise hold, his interest 1n the land. tion of their resolution with reference to for the use of their privately owned Such interest shall not be subject to at­ passage of legislation to permit admission tachment, levy, or sale upon court process. o1 displaced persons into the United States; motor vehicles. and for other purposes, in Upon the death of the lessee his interest in to the Committee on the Judiciary. which it requested the concurrence of the the land and improvements thereon shall 390. Also, petition of the Atlantic City Senate. vest as follows: · Board of Trade, petitioning consideration of ENROLLED BILL SIGNED "(a) In his widow, 1f he leave a widow; their resolution with reference to endorse­ "(b) If he leave no widow, 1n such child ment of the bills S. 866 and H. R. 2523; to The message also announced that the or children of his as·he may designate by will, the Committee on Banking and Currency. Speaker had affixed his signature to the or upon failure of such designation, in his 391. Also, petition of the delegates from enrolled bill