BULLETIN Volume 9: No. 3 Cultural Resources Management • A National Park Service Technical Bulletin June 1986 A Tradition of Excellence in Documentation

J. he Historic American Buildings structures, it seems appropriate to parks. To those of you who are un­ Survey/Historic American Engineer­ devote an entire issue of the CRM familiar with the programs, this ing Record (HABS/HAER) is a Bulletin to the various aspects of issue will serve to introduce you to merger of two programs with long these programs and to examine the them. traditions in the preservation com­ detailed documentation that is their A listing of the HABS/HAER col­ munity and in the National Park hallmark. lection at the Library of Congress Service. As HABS enters its 53rd HABS/HAER is undertaking an has been computerized. There are year and HAER its 17th year of estimated 26 projects this summer, two guides that draw on this data recording historic buildings and half of which are in the national base. Historic America: Buildings, Structures, and Sites (Library of Congress, 1983), is available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402 (request publication #03-000-00149-14; $29.00); and the HAER Checklist: 1969-1985 (U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1985), is available from the National Technical Information Services, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161 (request publication #PB 174661/AS, $11.95).

Sally Kress Tompkins served as coordinator for this issue. Captions on following page. HABS HAER John A. Burns, AIA Eric DeLony For over 50 years the Historic and historians. The success of the Since its creation in 1969, the American Buildings Survey (HABS) program prompted the Department Historic American Engineering has documented the history of the in 1934 to enter into an agreement Record (HAER) has amassed a writ­ building arts in the United States with the Library of Congress and ten and graphic collection of 1,500 with architectural measured draw­ the American Institute of Architects sheets of drawings; nearly 20,000 ings, photographs, and written (AIA) to conduct the Survey on a large format, record quality data. The program began in 1933 in permanent basis. Today, HABS photographs; and 14,000 pages of the Department of the Interior, Na­ employment offers a training pro­ historical data of America's in­ tional Park Service (NPS) as a gram for student architects and dustrial, engineering and techno­ public works project to employ ar­ historians hired during the summer logical heritage. The HAER collec- chitects, draftsmen, photographers, months. HABS continued on page 2 HAER continued on page 4 HABS continued from page 1

The goal of HABS is to provide to architects, engineers, scholars, and interested members of the public a collection of comprehen­ sive documentation of significant buildings, sites, structures, and ob­ jects that exemplify, contribute to, and assist in explaining American history and the growth and development of the built environ­ ment. The NPS administers the planning and operation of the Survey with funds appropriated by Congress and supplemented by gifts from individuals, foundations, historical organizations, and other Federal agencies. The NPS is responsible for setting up qualitative standards, published as part of the Secretary of the In­ terior's Standards for Archeology and Historic Preservation, selecting subjects for recording and organiz­ ing the projects. It directs the United Methodist Church, Batavia, IL. Drawings of the United Methodist Church were donated by Michael Dixon, AIA, through a program of HABS measured drawings awards preparation of the records, and sponsored by the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois. Dixon's drawings, awarded First edits and places them with the Place in 1985, document a church designed by Chicago architect Solon S. Beman in 1887. Library of Congress. The Library preserves the records, makes them recorders. Begun in the 1950s mitigative documentation provisions available for study and supplies under the Mission 66 program, of the 1980 Amendments to the Na­ reproductions through its these teams consist of student ar­ tional Historic Preservation Act of photoduplication service. The AIA chitects, architectural historians, 1966. Federal agencies who fund or provides professional counsel and photographers working under license projects which adversely af­ through its Committee on Historic professional direction. Overall fect historic structures are required Resources and national supervision of the summer teams is to document them to HABS stan­ membership. through NPS regional and dards before they are demolished With some modifications, the Washington offices. or significantly altered. The mitiga­ 1934 tripartite agreement still re­ tion requirements are administered mains in effect. HABS summer Mitigative Documentation through the five NPS cultural pro­ teams have replaced the architects Another continuing source for grams regional offices, whose staffs of the 1930s as the primary HABS records is from the stipulate and accept documentation on behalf of HABS.

Captions from cover: Loyal Order of the Moose Building, Pittsburgh, PA. The Moose Hall in Pittsburgh was photographed in 1984 by Dennis Marsico as part of the mitigative documentation prepared prior to the build­ ing's demolition. Measured drawings and a historical report were also prepared so that there would be a permanent written and graphic record of the building. Beebe Windmill (1820), Bridgehampton, NY. Gary C. Long, delineator, 1976 -1977. This section drawing is a classic from the HAER collection that has been used innumerable times by publishers. It was produced as part of a comprehensive three-summer (1975, 76, 77) project to document the eleven surviving wind-powered grist mills at the east end of De Turck Barn, Oley, PA. The De Turck Barn was photographed in 1941 by architect Charles H. Long Island. Dornbusch under a Langley Fellowship to study Pennsylvania Barns given by the American In­ stitute of Architects. Hundreds of his original negatives were given to HABS. Dornbusch's study, an early example of the now common interest in vernacular buildings, was published in 1956. 2 Donations awareness and knowledge of This is the fourth year that the From the beginning, HABS has historic buildings throughout the Peterson Prize has been offered, relied on the generosity of United States while adding to the and its success both as a source of organizations and individuals as a HABS collection of measured draw­ donated drawings and as a major source for architectural ings. Acceptable entries are stimulus to architectural students to documentation. Donated records transmitted to the permanent undertake HABS work is already have been and continue to be a HABS collection in the Library of established. To date, over 100 significant part of the HABS collec­ Congress. students from 14 universities have tion. Architects, architectural participated in the competition by historians, photographers, and The Prize honors Charles E. completing 31 entries. They have others who work with historic Peterson, FAIA, an architect in the produced 283 measured drawings buildings are encouraged to con­ NPS Washington office who for inclusion in the HABS collec­ sider producing documentation to founded the HABS program in 1933 tion. The types of structures HABS standards as part of their as a means of putting unemployed documented have been as varied as restoration, rehabilitation, or architects back to work document­ the students who have entered. maintenance projects. A principal ing historic buildings that even There have been drawings of point of contact between HABS and then, in the midst of the Depres­ houses, an inn, a resort hotel, a architects in the private sector is sion, were disappearing at an school, a county fairgrounds, a through the AIA's Committee on alarming rate. Peterson also pro­ church, a water tower, a railroad Historic Resources. duced the first Historic Structures depot, a park pavilion, two town Report in the NPS, on the Moore squares, even a covered bridge. Charles E. Peterson Prize House at Yorktown. The measured The students have worked alone A major new source for donated drawings from that restoration were and in groups, in required courses, measured drawings is the Charles traced onto HABS format and were electives, independent study and E. Peterson Prize. HABS and the included as one of the first NPS summer institutes. They have been, Athenaeum of Philadelphia have structures in the HABS collection. for the most part, architecture established the Prize which is After a long and notable career, students but have also been ar­ awarded for the best sets of Peterson retired from the NPS, but chitectural history, interior design measured drawings prepared to still continues an active career in and American studies majors. Some HABS standards and donated to the private sector and remains a have arranged for support from HABS by a student. The Peterson strong and vocal advocate of the foundations and State Historic Prize is intended to increase HABS/HAER programs. Preservation Offices.

The author is an architect with HABS/HAER.

Mulford House, East Hampton, NY Detail drawing of south window in parlor. Ann i Weber of Columbia University won First i Place in the 1983 Peterson Prize with her drawings of the Mulford House. The Mul­ ford House presented an unusual opportunity to record a house in great detail because it I was undergoing restoration. The drawings were heavily detailed and annotated, showing I the structural system, all room elevations, V and interpreting the evolution of the design and alterations to the house based on physi­ cal evidence.

3 HAER continued from page 1 tion is one of the most comprehen­ sive graphic and written archives of the technological heritage of any nation. The wide range of its holdings which includes early stone-based blast furnaces, water- powered grist mills, ice houses, snuff mills, tide and wind mills, and early-20th-century iron and steel plants, demonstrates its richness and diversity. Bridges of every type and description, from Battle Creek Hydroelectric System: Inskip Power House (1910) wooden-covered, stone-arch and near Mantor, CA, (HAER CA-2), John Bowie" iron-truss spans, to suspension delineator, 1979. A cut-away isometric drawing of bridges, steel cantilevers and the 6000 horsepower Pelton unit. HAER, in its documentation, multiple-arch concrete bridges have attempts to explain complex industrial processes, machines and been photographed, delineated and engineering works, so the public can better understand them. researched. Even such recent struc­ tures as the mobile rocket launchers Engineering Society Support tite agreement to include the five at Kennedy Space Center have Groups founding engineering societies of been documented. The primary HAER operates under a tripartite the United Engineering Center in criterion in selecting a site for agreement with the American New York. This would bring in the documentation is its potential to Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) American Society of Mechanical reveal information critical to and the Library of Congress. The Engineers, the Institute of Electrical understanding and interpreting the ASCE provides council and support and Electronics Engineers, the history of engineering, industry to HAER through its national American Institute of Chemical and technology. membership. Currently, plans are Engineers, and the American In­ afoot to expand the original tripar- stitute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers. Combined membership of these five groups is 615,566. Presently, the civil, mechanical and electrical engineers have history and heritage programs that recognize and commemorate JULY 16,1945 historical achievements in these professions. By developing relation­ ships with the HAER program, it is hoped that the other engineering societies will increase their interest in the histories of their professions.

Summer Teams As in the HABS program, HAER produces drawings, photos and data during the summer by employing student teams of ar­ chitects, engineers, historians, graphic designers, and photog­ raphers under the supervision of university professors and qualified professionals. Over the past 17 years, HAER has trained over 450 students, making it one of the largest preservation training pro­ grams in the federal government. HAER can guarantee its clients the best talent the nation's higher education system has to offer since it recruits nationally and carefully Trinity Site, White Sands Missile Range, NM (HAER NM-1B) Rosanna Santos, delineator, 1985. HAER recognized no cut-off date in the history of technology. Events as recent as 1945 screens applicants. As a result, are documented. HAER and its clients are assured a

4 quality product and, aspiring of Lowell; Saugus Ironworks in students of architecture, engineer­ MA; and the Ohio & Erie Canal ing or history, willing to devote just south of Cleveland. In addi­ three months of their education to tion, by scanning the Park Service's a HAER recording project, can gain List of Classified Structures (LCS), valuable insight and experience. one finds important lesser known resources such as Nike missile silos Mitigative Documentation in Gateway National Recreation Historic engineering structures Area in NY; an early-20th-century like historic buildings are required water reclamation plant in Grand to be documented if adversely af­ Canyon; remains of a Bollman truss fected by Federally funded or bridge at Harpers Ferry, WV; min­ licensed projects. This documenta­ ing ruins in Death Valley; 20 tion provides another source for the lighthouse structures located HAER collection. throughout the system; and the ships at the National Maritime Museum in San Francisco. Review­ ing the LCS also indicates that many park managers and regional Delaware Aqueduct Prior to Rehabilitation. staff may not be aware of historic Eric DeLony, photographer, 1984. industrial, engineering, and technological resources in the parks. HAER is interested in work­ Accessing the Collection ing with regions and parks to iden­ Along with the HABS tify, document and interpret these documents, the HAER collection is types of resources. HAER in the Prints & Photographs Divi­ documentation can assist park sion, Library of Congress. A re­ managers in maintaining historic cently published aid for users of sites and can contribute to inter­ the HAER collection is the HAER preting sites for the public. HAER Checklist: 1969-1985, A Listing of offers a unique source of experience Sites, Structures and Objects and expertise that is available to Documented by the Historic park managers, interpretive American Engineering Record. ® specialists, and cultural resource professionals. The author is Principal Architect with the Hacienda Azucarera la Esperanza: sugar mill Historic American Engineering Record. engine (1861), Manati, PR, (HAER PR-1A), Belmont Freeman, delineator, 1976. This magnificent six-column beam engine, with Gothic motifs, drove a three-roll crusher that extracted juice from sugar cane. HAER documented this and five other engines as part of its survey of the sugar industry in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Industrial Archeology in the National Parks HAER focuses on documenting industrial archeological and engineering sites of national significance or National Park Serv­ ice owned properties. There are currently over 130 designated Na­ tional Historic Landmarks of engineering, industrial or techno­ logical significance, though much remains to be done with the land­ mark study themes related to these Delaware & Hudson Canal: Delaware Aqueduct (1848), Lackawaxen, PA, (HAER PA-1), subjects. There are sites such as the Charles Parrott & Robert Vogel, delineators, 1969. This little-known prototype for John A. Edison Labs in West Orange, NJ; Roebling's masterpiece Brooklyn Bridge is a major historic resource of the Upper Delaware the textile mills and power canals Scenic and Recreational River. HAER documented the structure in 1969. Seventeen years later, the HAER drawings proved invaluable for NPS rehabilitation.

5 A HABS/HAER Summer

In San Juan, Puerto Rico, HABS ment of the upper Illinois Valley The Projects is in the midst of a five-year record­ and helped establish Chicago as the ing program of the 16th century midwest's major center for com­ Kim Hoagland forts. This summer, HABS will merce and industry. This linear From Massachusetts to California complete documentation of three survey of canal and railroad struc­ and from the depths of Mammoth outer defenses at San Cristobal, tures throughout the corridor will Cave to the heights of the State and supplement the records of El result in an inventory and HAER House dome in Annapolis, MD, Canuelo in conjunction with ar- measured drawings. In addition, HABS/HAER student architects and cheological excavations there. historic buildings in canal towns historians—and even some Another multi-year documentation will be inventoried. photographers and engineers—will program involves four 18th century HABS/HAER also documents be recording historic structures Spanish Colonial missions in San structures of national significance through measured drawings, large- Antonio, where HABS will an­ outside the National Park System. format photographs, and written notate its drawings to reflect the This summer, the HABS projects histories. HABS/HAER is currently findings of historical research. The include the Robert Mills-designed planning to run over 30 projects 1980s drawings concentrate on the Monumental Church in Richmond, this summer. When completed, the changes the missions have VA; the Asa Packer House in Jim documentation will be edited in the undergone since they were first Thorpe, PA, which was built for HABS/HAER office, and then recorded by HABS in the 1930s. the founder of the Lehigh Valley transmitted to the Library of Con­ HAER will also be active in the Railroad and Lehigh University; the gress, where it will be available to parks this summer. The 1870s Borough House in Stateburg, SC, the public. Villine's Grist Mill in Boxley Valley, the largest plantation complex of Many of the projects in the parks Buffalo National River, AR, will be rammed-earth construction in the will aid in the management and documented to aid the park in U.S.; the Texas State Capitol, prob­ planning of those structures being deciding whether to restore it to a ably the largest building HABS has recorded. The most common ap­ working mill. Four canal locks, one ever undertaken to document, and plication of HABS recording pro­ grist mill, and an aqueduct will be part of a three-year effort to pro­ vides the existing condition draw­ recorded at the Ohio & Erie Canal, vide drawings for a historic struc­ ings for Historic Structures Reports, a 309-mile canal which linked the ture report and maintenance plan. such as the Salinas National Monu­ Great Lakes with the Ohio River. Other structures include the Texas ment in New Mexico, where HABS Part of the canal is a National State Fairgrounds, which has been will be recording two 17th century Historic Landmark in the Cuyahoga active as a fairgrounds since 1905 limestone churches at Gran Valley National Recreation Area, and features a large collection of art Quivira; and the Lincoln Home Na­ OH. HAER will be active at Boott moderne buildings; and the Leland tional Historic Site in Illinois (see Cotton Mills in Lowell, MA, for the Stanford House in Sacramento, CA, CRM Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 4 and last of three summers, where an a Second Empire house inhabited Vol. 8, No. 5), where HABS will be adaptive reuse of the mill building by one of California's Gold Rush recording the six phases of con­ is planned. Boott Mill is one of the millionaires. These drawings will be struction of the house in which largest surviving textile mill com­ used for a Historic Structures Lincoln and his wife lived when he plexes in the U.S. The Saltpeter Report. served in the Illinois state Works in Mammoth Cave, KY, legislature. Others include the which was active during the War of FIAER will also document nation­ Eisenhower National Historic Site, 1812, is another site of industrial ally significant structures, such as where HABS will record the main significance that will be 40 to 60 of the most historic bridges barn and other outbuildings; and documented by HAER. of Ohio derived from an inventory Gettysburg National Military Park, The largest project for this sum­ undertaken by the Ohio Depart­ where the structural systems of the mer is a combined HABS/HAER ef­ ment of Transportation. Since Ohio Gettysburg agricultural buildings, fort in the Illinois & Michigan was the most prolific state in the which date from the Civil War Canal National Heritage Corridor, production of prefabricated metal period, will be examined. At the west of Chicago, where a field team trusses during the last quarter of Lincoln Home National Historic of 17 started work in early June. the 19th century, an unusual Site, HABS will also record five The I & M Canal is a major historic number of metal truss bridges sur­ buildings to be used in the NPS transportation corridor which gave vive. Other HAER projects historic properties leasing program. rise to the settlement and develop­ scheduled for this summer include

6 Kaymore Mine, an early-20th- century coal mine in New River Gorge National River, WV; the Manchester Mill in Richmond, VA, an 1840s cotton and woolen mill with turn-of-the-century additions; and the dome structure of the 18th century Maryland Statehouse in Annapolis, which will be examined for its engineering features.

The range of locations of summer projects is matched by the range of structures that will be documented. The measured drawings and writ­ ten histories which will analyze such features as the rammed earth construction of the Borough House, the spartan Neoclassicism of Monumental Church, and the rela­ tionship between the I & M Canal and its communities, will make this summer's projects valuable addi­ tions to the HABS/HAER collection.

The author is an architectural historian with the Historic American Buildings Survey.

The Teams Jean P. Yearby

On a hot day in June, a group of young men and women, casually dressed, stand in awe in front of a magnificent 18th century plantation. John Jennings scales a 40-foot wall at Salinas National Monument, NM with a vectron electric They are not tourists, nor are they distance meter focused on a mirror at the end of the pole to provide a height reading. on a class assignment. This is a (Photograph by Rudd Long, 1985) group of carefully-selected architec­ tural students hired by HABS/ Each December, attractive posters drawings, sketching and lettering HAER to measure this structure announcing summer job oppor­ samples, research papers, and port­ and produce drawings for inclusion tunities with HABS and HAER are folios of large-format photographs. in the HABS/HAER collection at distributed to schools with depart­ On an average, over 1,000 sheets of the Library of Congress. Scenes like ments of architecture, landscape sketching and lettering samples are this take place at the beginning of architecture, architectural history, judged, over 600 pages of research every summer, as HABS/HAER technological history, American papers reviewed, and over 100 recording teams begin their work. civilization, civil and mechanical photographs carefully scrutinized. Since 1933 and 1969 respectively, engineering, material culture and/or Based on the quality of this HABS and HAER have recruited historic preservation. Faculty documentation, as well as letters of students of architecture, engineer­ members and career officers en­ recommendation from professors ing and history to document courage their students to apply for and deans, approximately two- America's architectural, engineer­ these job opportunities. Non- thirds of the applicants are deemed ing, and industrial heritage students possessing equivalent qualified for positions on a throughout the U.S. Whether a training and/or experience in these HABS/HAER recording team. one-room, 18th century school fields are also encouraged to apply. The team consists of 4 to 12 peo­ house or a 90-mile long canal with In the spring, approximately ple, depending on the number of its associated structures, a tide mill 300-400 applications for employ­ structures to be documented, the or a Gothic church, HABS/HAER ment are received by HABS/HAER. parameters of the sites to be inven­ recording teams have met the The applicants also submit support­ toried, or the size of the structure. challenge. ing materials such as measured Summer continued on page S

7 Summer continued from page 7 Architects measure the structure HAER team was formed to record decided that a team member should and produce as-built drawings, the abandoned Hotel Florence in study anatomy and not architec­ historians use primary and secon­ Pullman, IL, a suburb of Chicago. ture! And the snakes among the dary sources to produce historical The project cosponsor made ar­ ruins at the Salinas National Monu­ reports, and photographers produce rangements for the team to live in ment in Mountainair, NM, that large format photographs to com­ this once grand hotel. However, constantly reminded the recording plete the documentation. The sum­ generally it is left up to the team team that they were invading their mer project lasts 12 weeks. members to make their own living home! An exercise in "squatters" Team members sometimes live arrangements, often the first time rights? together, perhaps housesitting for some have ever done so. an owner who has fled to the Besides making new acquaint­ Caribbean for the summer. Or, in ances, sharing common interests, Team members tell stories of their and gaining experience in their Alaska, team members have to experiences as part of a HABS/ rough it, often camping out in respective fields, these students HAER summer team. For example, also get a sense of becoming a part remote areas while conducting an in Atlanta, GA, a self-proclaimed inventory of historic sites in the of history by preserving some "saviour" named Florence con­ aspects of America's past. It pro­ 12-million-acre Wrangell-St. Elias stantly preached to the team National Park and Preserve. vides a wonderful opportunity to members documenting the Martin go back in time. © Cosponsors of recording projects Luther King Site, swearing to save are often fortunate in finding hous­ their souls from the "evils" of the ing for the teams, prior to their ar­ NPS. Then there is the story about The author is publications specialist with rival at the project site. In 1976, a the "flasher" in Atlanta, who HABS/HAER.

Christopher J. Gribbs, a member of the 1985 Summer Team, measures a sentry box on one of the San Juan NHS fortifications. His single-man sling is pulled up by steel cables and an electric motor. (Photograph by Eric Niemy, 1985)

8 HABS/HAER Documentation Who Uses It? Mary Ison

The HABS/HAER collection is the surrounded by scaffolding for use A call is received at noon from a largest of its type in the world and on a cover of a church newsletter. board member of the Hart City is the most widely used in the The HAER recording project in­ Library in Hart, WI, which is Prints and Photographs Division of cludes 139 views of the Statue, undergoing renovation to make it the Library of Congress. Over many with scaffolding. Requests for more accessible to the handicapped. 20,367 structures from all 50 states, these images are so numerous that The caller has seen a citation for the District of Columbia, Puerto the Library has made a "selected the building in the catalog, Historic Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and list" of 15 HAER photographs, and America: Buildings, Structures and the Panama Canal Zone, have been has promised it to the reader. Sites (Library of Congress, 1983) recorded on 44,690 sheets of The 10:15 mail brings six letters and hopes that the HABS collection measured drawings, 112,692 large of the same pattern. Can the contains copies of the original format photographs and 58,016 Library provide a list of all blueprints of the building. pages of written historical and ar­ buildings in a particular county Although HABS measured draw­ chitectural description. The wealth recorded by drawings showing a ings are rarely based on the ar­ of historical, cultural and architec­ particular detail? One letter chitect's original drawings, the tural information found in the specifies stairway details found in originals are sometimes photo­ drawings, photographs and written Lancaster County, PA. Another graphed and included in the HABS documentation included in this col­ asks for fences in Barnstable Coun­ photo documentation. lection is available to all who are ty, MA. To respond to these re­ able to visit the collection or who A doctoral candidate arrives at quests, an item-by-item search is 12:40 p.m. to examine the holdings can use it by mail. An understand­ required. This is not possible for ing of the variety of users who take on department store interiors for the staff to provide. Instead, the her dissertation. The Library's card advantage of this opportunity is librarians send computer printouts best illustrated by detailing some index to the HABS collection by of the counties requested and an subject yields several records which typical requests received by the explanation of how low cost quick Reading Room during one day. are brought out for the reader's copies of the drawings can be ob­ use. Shortly after the Reading Room tained. An official in a small town A reader, interested in obtaining opens at 9:00 a.m., the staff is in Nevada writes to request photographs of outhouses to dis­ answering a telephone request photographs and other images of play on her bathroom wall, arrives about HABS/HAER material. How one-room schools since their one- at 1:30 to make a search. She is can a college student, researching room schoolhouse is being restored. shown the subject index to HABS, the work of Frank Lloyd Wright for completes several call slips for In the past half hour several a semester project, find out what materials, and receives photographs questions on the proper procedure Wright buildings HABS/HAER has to examine. for ordering copies of HABS/HAER recorded? The afternoon mail arrives, bring­ Because it receives numerous documentation are received by telephone and in each case the ing several letters of inquiry which questions about Wright buildings, require the use of the HABS/HAER the Library has compiled a written building identification is checked on the computer printout, the prices collections. One is from a model- list of those included in the Survey. maker who requests elevations of The student is promised that the for copies cited, and the address of the Photoduplication Service given. homes of U.S. Presidents so that list will be mailed that afternoon, accurate miniatures can be made. along with a list of prices charged A Library staff member on his Another requests drawings of by the Library's Photoduplication lunch hour searches for a detail of beehive ovens so that such an oven Service. plasterwork which might be used can be constructed. Still another A reader arrives at 9:30 to look at to replicate what was once in his comes from a private cultural materials available on St. Charles Capitol Hill Victorian townhouse. resources consulting firm in Mon­ County, MD. A retired government The reader is taken to a file of tana which is interested in receiv­ worker, the reader is working with HABS drawings of houses and is ing copies of HAER reports for in­ a college to build up its collection allowed to browse and search for dustrial sites in the West. The of local history images and has the type of detail he needs. He is writer provided specific references come to the Library to determine fortunate that he can make such a to 10 sites listed in the newly what will be useful. search in person, for it would be published HAER Checklist: A telephone call is received at impossible for the reference staff to 1969-1985, and requests ordering 9:45 from a person wanting a conduct such a time-consuming information. photograph of the Statue of Liberty hunt. Documentation continued on page 15

9 HABS Photography: A Record In Detail William Lebovich

In the slightly more than 50-year existence of HABS, the role of photography in the program and the quality of the photographs and photographers have increased con­ siderably. Originally, photography was expected to play a modest role and to be done by the architects Library Company of Philadelphia — Ridgway Branch. The camera is positioned so that the hired primarily for their drafting viewer's eye is drawn in, creating a more interesting image than a straight-on photograph. skills. For the last 25 years, HABS (Photo by Jack E. Boucher, HABS 1962) has had a full-time professional photographer and for even longer has used professional photog­ their delineation of detail than that measured drawings or architectural raphers on a part-time, contract they be artistically composed or ef­ history, the photographs have been basis. The result has been photo­ fective from a pictorial point of the means for using the HABS col­ graphs that not only aid the ar­ view." lection and for understanding and chitects in their delineation of the It is still the goal of HABS pho­ appreciating the buildings docu­ buildings, but that stand on their tography to achieve clear and sharp mented by HABS. Even for the ar­ own merit as accurate depictions of delineations, but the photographs chitect or architectural historian, the the buildings being documented by are also intended to be aesthetically photographs have been an in­ HABS. pleasing. Harley McKee, in the valuable tool in understanding the HABS Recording Historic buildings studied. HABS Bulletin No. 11 of January Buildings of 1970, reflected on the 8, 1934 stated the following posi­ Beyond the considerable technical program's enhanced appreciation of expertise involved, Jack's photo­ tion on photography: "The photo­ the potential for architectural graphs are for the purpose of graphs have succeeded better than photography. He wrote, "Architec­ drawings or histories in conveying record, so that it is more important tural photography also makes use that they be clear and sharp in the three-dimensional quality of ar­ of a creative approach in order to chitecture. In addition, Jack uses add to the purely factual aspect of his photographs to isolate details a picture, the intangible attributes that are often missed or not fully of which elevate 'architecture' appreciated by someone actually above 'building.' Some subjects are walking through the structure. more responsive than others; it is When we experience architecture not always possible to obtain more we are trying to comprehend the than a pure record, but many times spaces as well as the details and we it is." seldom spend enough time absorb­ ing it all. So we are left with strong Much of the change in HABS' at­ impressions rather than a complete, titude toward photography reflects accurate vision of the room. A the work of staff architectural series of photographs of the same photographer Jack E. Boucher. Not room enable us to study the com­ only has Jack shot a prodigious ponents of the room more slowly amount of film—over 50,000 large and carefully. Or sometimes impor­ format negatives of more than 6,000 tant details are not easily seen by Timothy Brown House — Georgetown, NY. structures in every state but the casual observer. To capture the When the Photographer brings the camera as Alaska—but the photography has roof ornaments of Cliveden in close to the subject as the lens will allow, a Philadelphia, Jack had to use a detail such as the scalloped out effect on the been of outstanding quality. For the columns is emphasized. (Photo by Jack E. person interested in architecture, cherrypicker. The usual visitor to Boucher, HABS 1966) but without a background in Photography continued on page 15

10 Mission Project Brings Praise from Park and Region

Kenneth L. Anderson, AIA

In 1983, the NPS Southwest These missions, which represent Cultural Resources Center reac­ a provincial interpretation of tivated the Historic American Spanish Baroque architecture, were Buildings Survey's summer record­ chosen to be a pilot regional project ing program in the Southwest for several reasons: Region to document historic prop­ erties in the national parks. The The park and cultural resources park that was selected to initiate center were researching and this effort was the newly estab­ preparing a Historic Structures The enlarged elevation and plan of the west lished San Antonio Missions Na­ Report, and HABS drawings retablo entrance to Mission San Jose y San tional Historical Park in San An­ could be directed to support the Miguel de Aguayo reflects not only the ex­ tonio, TX. document; quisite Spanish baroque carvings of this period, but reveals the limestone attrition The San Antonio Missions Na­ and deterioration that has occurred over the tional Historical Park, authorized in Jobs Bill funds were scheduled last 200 years. Entrance: Christopher Joseph 1978, became operational as a na­ to be used on several of the Gribbs (University of Detroit) HABS 1984. tional park on April 1, 1983, under historic structures, and a HABS an agreement with the Roman team could produce measured of drawings and 115 large for­ Catholic Archdiocese of San An­ drawings immediately to be mat photographs), and a 1983 tonio. Under this agreement, the used by the regional office and addendum would provide archdiocese would retain control of the Denver Service Center to HABS an opportunity to update the structures used by the church support the stabilization effort; the earlier records by noting the and the NPS would manage the deterioration, modifications, sites as a national park—opening HABS records were produced and additions that had occurred the sites to the public and main­ on these missions by the over the last half century. taining the secular structures. Survey in the 1930s (17 sheets Mission Project continued on page 12 This national park contains four of the five Spanish colonial mis­ sions in San Antonio—Mission Nuestra Senora de la Purisima Con- cepcion de Acuna, Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, Mis­ sion San Juan de Capistrano, and Mission San Francisco de la Espada. The fifth mission, recorded by HABS in 1961, is Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo), and is operated by the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. "With the exception of the Alamo, the missions are still living parishes, and continue to serve the purpose for which they were estab­ lished more than 200 years ago," according to park superintendent Jose Cisneros. "They remain active churches and the lands around San Juan and Espada are much as they The sectional axometric and axnometric view of Mission Nuestra Senora de la Purisima Concepcion de Acuna shows the complete mission and indicates a sense of the construction, were in the 18th century—rural relationship of structures, and volume of spaces within the complex. Drawings: Roland land under cultivation." Rodriguez, HABS 1983.

11 Mission Project continued from page 11 project for the Southwest Regional sions and the park. Since non­ federal funds were provided for the The 1983 HABS team was Office (SWRO). Based on the suc­ recording of Mission San Francisco directed to produce drawings on cess of the mission project, the de la Espada and Mission San Juan the four missions' plans (labeling Cultural Resources Center agreed to de Capistrano, HABS had the op­ existing plantings with botanical, cosponsor two additional projects tion of documenting Park Service common English and common for the following summer: Lyndon maintained sites or church proper­ Spanish names), and the two struc­ B. Johnson National Historical Park, ties. At Espada, the team concen­ tures to be stabilized at San Juan Johnson City, TX, and Hot Springs trated on recording the church, par­ and Espada, and to comprehen­ National Park, Hot Springs, AR. ticularly the stone attrition and sively record Concepcion. HAER In 1984, the missions project was changes that occurred at the photographer Jet Lowe provided funded through the park with park decorative limestone entrance; they additional photo documentation at funds and donations. Again, using also produced records on ruins of these sites, duplicating the angles earlier HABS drawings, the Survey the late colonial church, granary, and photographs produced by and the park agreed to concentrate and Indian quarters. A similar ap­ Arthur W. Stewart in 1936. on the site most urgent to the park's needs—Mission San Jose y proach was taken at San Juan, The HABS recording activities San Miguel de Aguayo. Since the highlighting the church, but also drew much attention to the mis­ project was partially funded with recording the convent, entrance sions with newspaper articles, radio donated funds, half of the project gate, and the reconstructed Indian and television coverage and write- could provide additional drawings quarters which are now being used ups by Texas Architect and Time on the church and the other por­ as an office and rectory. The magazines. The publicity which the tion funding structures within the changes that have occurred to the park and the missions received and mission such as the granary, Indian quarters are of particular in­ the drawings produced by the Spanich residence, and ruins of the terest when comparing the early HABS team members were so convent. 1930s drawings and photos to the useful to the park that the park more recent drawings and photos superintendent agreed to locate The summer 1985 recording proj­ reflecting the present site. funding to support two additional ect, designed to complete the summer projects to record the other HABS documentation of the mis­ During the past three summers three missions. sions, was funded entirely outside HABS spent recording these mis­ sions, the teams were very careful The 1983 missions recording of the park by Los Compadres de to avoid duplicating drawings pro­ endeavor also proved to be an ideal San Antonio Missions National Llistorical Park—a private organiza­ duced during the 1930s. Often sec­ tion established to support the mis­ tions were cut, however, which would include elevations recorded earlier to reveal the relationship and scale between connecting

12 buildings. Contrasting the quality of the documentation from the 1930s and this most current record­ ing effort is difficult—the earlier drawings were recorded at a smaller scale, often 1/6" = l'-O" to accommodate the 19"x24" sheet size; recent drawings were drawn at a larger scale, 3/16" and 1/4" = l'-O" because of the larger 24"x36" sheet size. The larger scal­ ed drawings offered an opportunity to provide more detailed depictions of floor plans, sections, elevations, and details. All of the recent draw­ ings produced for the missions were stipulated to complement, enhance, and provide more com­ prehensive coverage on the na­ tionally significant sites. An agreement with the SWRO has been completed that will pro­ vide the funding and guidance for a fourth San Antonio Missions project to be conducted at the Southwest Cultural Resources Center in Santa Fe, NM. The 1986 project will produce annotations to be included on the previous sum­ mer's drawings based on the research and data obtained from the Historic Structures Report researched and written under the direction of Marlys Bush Thurber, historical architect. Once the mis­ sions' documentation has been an­ notated reflecting dates of construc­ tion, materials, and modifications, the HABS San Antonio Missions project will be one of the most complete and informative sets of drawings in the Survey's collections HABS relies on old photographs when documenting historic properties. This historic photo ot at the Library of Congress. Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo was taken by HABS photographer, Arthur W. Stewart, September 24, 1936. The photo, looking west through the ruins of the convento, Mission Project continued on page 14 shows the construction of the present concrete dome and the condition of the site in 1936.

Mission San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, known as the "Queen," is the most ornate of the five missions in San Antonio, TX. The south elevation (a composite drawing) shows the 1947 applied stucco with painted stenciling pattern on the church and the ruins of the 1778 and 1786 Convento. Chinch: Howard Lee Thompson (Texas Tech University); Convento: John P. White (Texas Tech University) HABS 1984.

13 Mission Project continued from page 13 "The question may well be asked: What benefits can the San Antonio Missions or other areas in the National Park System expect to derive from HABS recording? To architects and cultural resource managers, one answer is im­ mediately apparent—the continued preservation of the resource," stated Marlys Thurber. "First, the drawings can help in assessing the physical condition of a historic structure. By providing a precise record of the structure, including any cracks, bulges, or other evidence of structural problems, HABS drawings give exacting infor­ mation of its condition at the time the drawings were made. Second, the drawings can help to guide the restoration work. Building com­ ponents such as windows can be drawn as exploded views to reveal their techniques of construction and methods of assembly. Drawings such as these can then be used, as they were at San Antonio, to fabricate accurate replacement elements. HABS drawings can also be used generally as a measure of quality or standards to be achieved in the work." The Southwest Cultural HABS teams always use field photos, normally 35mm, when drawing details and elevations Resources Center is committed to based on field notes, sketches, and dimensions. In the San Antonio the continuation of HABS work in Missions project, large format photographs were provided by the Region's parks. In the HAER photographer, Jet Lowe (1983). The photo of Mission Southwest Region, HABS has San Francisco de la Espada was very useful in delineating proven its cost-effectiveness. There the stone and stain patterns of the east facade and the enlarged entrance detail. has been a significant return on dollars spent, and opportunities yet lie ahead for enhancement of the public-private sector partnership role HABS has successfully used.

The author is Chief of the Historic American Buildings Survey.

East facade: Annabelle C. Radcliffe (University of Edinburgh), U.S./International Council on Monuments and Sites, HABS 1985.

14 Documentation continued from page 9 Photography continued from page 10 A caller phoning at 2:55 wants to this magnificent 18th century man­ compare their work, HABS, with know how he can see copies of the sion would not have access to a the Library of Congress and the drawings of Louisiana plantations cherrypicker and would not be able support of the American Institute without coming to Washington. He to appreciate this important of Architects, mounted a traveling is told of the microfilm made in ornamentation. exhibition of Jack Boucher's archi­ 1974 of drawings in the Library and While the quality of HABS and tectural photography. This is not given price information for the reel simply a way of further honoring a containing Louisiana buildings. HAER photography has continued to improve, the general quality of man who has already received most A family who has been sightsee­ architectural photography has not. of the honors available for a pho­ ing in Washington comes into the We are in the unfortunate position tographer, but of demonstrating Reading Room at 3:30 to see the of seeing more and more architec­ what good architectural photo­ HABS drawings of Grant's Tomb. tural photographs being created graphy is from a technical, Copies are needed for the son's and used in publications and lec­ aesthetic, and architectonic American History merit badge for tures, yet there is no discernible viewpoint. ® the Boy Scouts. improvement in quality. In the A historian from Michigan arrives belief that photographers are not at 3:50 to research the history of getting better because they do not The author is an architectural historian with Chinese workers in America. In ad­ have benchmarks with which to HABS/HAER. dition to the Division's collection of political cartoons and prints, the researcher is shown the HABS documentation for the town of Locke, CA, an early 20th-century settlement of Chinese Americans. The new owner of a building recorded by HABS telephones at 4:20. Told by the previous owner that records of the building are in the Library of Congress, the current owner is interested in receiving copies for his personal files. It's 5:00 p.m. and the Reading Room will soon close, allowing only a few minutes to review the latest HABS subject list compiled by the Library staff to assist users. This one is on documentation of barns. It is clear from these examples that the HABS/HAER collections at the Library of Congress are exten­ sively used for a wide variety of purposes. In-person searching is needed for in-depth research or time-consuming searches, but published catalogs, illustrated books, microfiche of the photo­ graphs and written information and microfilm of the drawings, coupled with various printed reference aids produced by the Library's reference staff, make it possible to use the collections without a personal visit to the Library. The staff at the Library of Congress fulfills its responsibility to maintain the HABS/HAER collection for present and future use by the American public. © Captain Charles Shrewsbury House — Madison, IN. To provide even lighting, which makes The author is a reference specialist in the all details visible regardless of which wall or part of the stair the lighting is focused on, Prints and Photographs Division at the requires an understanding of artificial lighting and its effect on architecbaral details. Library of Congress. (Photo by Jack E. Boucher, HABS 1971)

15 Measured drawing with landscape overlay of the cascade area at Meridian Hill Park. This is one of five sheets which form the com­ plete site plan, each containing plant material keys of common and Latin names, canopy sizes, tree calipers and site furniture locations.

capture this ever-changing nature. A complete set of 4 x 5 traditional HABS photographs were taken of the whole park. These were sup­ plemented by five views that were half-toned and printed at a large scale onto HABS Mylar. These five views were chosen since they reflected five areas of the park which are of particular historic design importance as well as five areas that have seen significant change. Based on historic Landscape Recording: photographs and research, some of these areas were reconstructed on Mylar overlays. Furthermore, some Expanding the Tradition resources of particular architectural interest were detailed in a tradi­ Paul Dolinsky tional HABS format. Although a comprehensive writ­ The artistic and scientific aspects tural base maps were first on the ten landscape history has not been of historic preservation of architec­ agenda. To do this, five large undertaken, the measured drawing ture have developed to such a HABS sheets linked by matchlines and photographic coverage served refined degree that it was only were required. Plant locations were as an excellent vehicle for ex­ natural that new areas of specializa­ delineated on five matching perimentation. In the near future tion should begin to appear. As overlays with graphic representa­ HABS will be looking for a more specific building restorations were tions of trees, shrubs and vines as naturalistic landscape to record in completed, people began to explore well as trunk caliper and canopy anticipation of expanding our interrelationships between sizes. Although this graphically guidelines for landscape architec­ buildings, historic complexes and captured the site, it did not address ture documentation. @ districts and, inevitably, the term its landscape quality. Photography landscape preservation was coined. served as the most valuable tool to The author is a landscape architect with the Renewed interest in the great 19th Historic American Buildings Survey. century naturalistic landscapes of Frederick Law Olmsted has served as a catalyst for a national move­ ment to address these complex issues. During the summer of 1985 a measured drawings project was undertaken at Meridian Hill Park, part of the Rock Creek Park system of the NPS National Capital Region, Washington, DC. Con­ structed of exposed aggregate con­ crete, Meridian Hill Park is basically a combination of French and Italian Renaissance garden elements with the primary features being a grand Inspired by Italian Ranaissance landscape designs and constructed of exposed aggregate con­ esplanade and terraced water crete, the water cascade serves as the main design element of Meridian Hill Park. (Photo by cascade. A complete set of architec­ Jack E. Boucher, HABS 1976)

16 Certain areas of particular design interest were represented in more traditional measured drawing terms. This drawing of the exedra at the base of the water cascade illustrates exposed aggregate concrete details at a larger scale. (Drawing by Lauren Gruszecki and Daniel C. Sponn, HABS, 1985)

Meridian Hill Park served as a prototype for large scale and decorative usage of exposed aggregate concrete. Many areas in the park are showing considerable wear and the large format photography and measured drawings will assist in future maintenance of the resource. (Photo by Jack E. Boucher, HABS 1976)

The great terrace not only serves as a focal point for Meridian Hill Park, but also as an immense retaining wall and design element for the water source of the cascade. Based on Italian Renaissance traditions, the central water jet serves as the spring source which cascades over 15 falls until finally settling in a large, peaceful reflecting pool at the base of the hillside. (Photo by Jack E. Boucher, HABS 1976)

17 Maritime Recording: A HAER Initiative Richard K. Anderson, Jr.

In October, 1985, HAER par­ known to survive, the other being tronic surveying equipment and ticipated with the National Trust CA. Thayer, now berthed at the traditional hand measurement. The for Historic Preservation and with National Maritime Museum in San work was performed by a team of Northwest Seaport, Inc. in "lifting Francisco. Waioona was also the first naval architects, shipbuilders, and the lines" of the three-masted ship to be listed in the National HAER staff members during the schooner Waioona in Seattle, WA. Register of Historic Places (1972). National Trust's 39th annual con­ This was the first project which Northwest Seaport, Inc., owner of ference on historic preservation. HAER undertook to record a ship Wawona, is anticipating a two- The HAER office is preparing the and develop NPS standards and million dollar restoration of the line drawings and 60 large-format guidelines for the documentation of vessel. (5" x 7") black-and-white large vessels. Using a grant from the photographs. Pacific Schooner Wawona was built in 1897 by H.D. Washington State Office of Ar­ Waioona, a recently published and Bendixsen in Fairhaven, CA, to cheology and Historic Preservation, very comprehensive history of the transport lumber along the Pacific Wawona was drydocked at the Lake Wawona by Harriet Tracy DeLong, Coast. Retired from the cod-fishing Union Drydock Company in Seattle was released at the time of the trade in 1948, she is one of only where her hull contours were conference. two such ships by Bendixsen recorded by a combination of elec­

SCHOONER WAWONA BUILT IN HANS D. BENDIXSEN Seattle, Washington at 1897 Fairhaven, California

Built pr tfic Dctbeer & Gar&n Lum­ crridAL CSSCFIPTICU 0-mi Tsr.saqc 966. FA Insurance Company, the WAWONA ber Company cf Dan Francisco, the 463- CSTicial A"-81576 Wet Tsr.r.sgc- 313.9-'' was dry-decked'un 'October, 1955, at tcn schooner WAWONA was launched Rp: Schooner LUDDCQ in Seattle where her hull con­ September 27, 1697 at the Fairhaven, Udtrs: K.NDS tours were recorded by a combina­ California yards of t.hiebuildr.r Nans emit of Wood Mm h'Sl tion cf traditional surveying and D. Bendixsen. Though the WAWONA Length: iss.0' Dtlipti: Stern hand-measurement techniques. 7?:e was cr.c of scores cf 'ships built to ton 36 C Sail Area: 9,129ft.2 project costs tctailed nearly 440, OCD. ferry lumber en the Pacific Ccast in the late {9tt> century she is ens cf Depth: it3' fleshjr.tc.ii Frepuisisn- The principal design team for the two known to survive intact in 1955. Ka$!3 3 none everfitted lines -lifting project included Fred J. (The ether, the GA THAYER, was alto Dusts I Listed m ti'atisr.tt Fischer, Jack Kutz, Jag> W.'Spearman, built by Bendixsen and is now benched Remits,'cf /listens Cordon r Snyder. Tom c. Sundry Netio In San Francisco.) Bendixsen was ens Places -.1972 Dtebblns II, Jerry Rich, Jacob Thomas, cf many skilled west coast shipbuild­ and Mary Stiles Kims, allcfthede- ers, hie produced 1/3 sailing vessels attls area. Richard K. Andersen, jr., between 1669 and IS01, and his yard HAER Staff Architect, and Jet Lowe-, was well-known fcr its sturdy snips. HAER Stay Photographer, (both from the HAER Office in Washington, D.C) The WAWONA was constructed us­ produced final reports, the lines ing a scale wooden half-model cf the drawings, and the large format pho­ hull, not tints of the type presented tographs. here. Two sets of lines are contained in this drawing series, showing the: Very able assistance was provided WAWONA first as she was in 1985, by a team cf voiuntti.s who partici- and then as she probably was when oatcd in the field measurements at w the shipyard^ carrett Eddy bee H. built in 1597. Ehrhodrt, Bruce I. Kcefuuver, Peter WAWCNA's type was characterised Matbscn, Leon A.MJntyrg Roger dand­ by a single mam deck and a targe ers, Stephen E Sandry Esther6chm.aU, hold, which could easily be loaded Capt. David A. Webb, Pen R Wheeler, through large deck hatches and two and Adnan Wmni.nst, all 0." the dcafbfc ports m the stern. Sho could carry region. Dick M.Andsrscn and Lcrsn well ever her own weight in cargo, /•:.;'! /-,•'.-In.-! :.:-.-• ,•,*.'.' f.r.'J /.:.--/•.••;".-.-.•-.-.• .," -*/;.-.- .'.-.;.*;,••-,n 'W.L:1 si: ''ASA' .-ii-.-y. ,-.':.?.',-.-..--'' .-.':; l,n- .i.r.1 rrr'i,- t.-i. ::j-r: Arss-rn:: c-'dum..-: hr.iHr-isr Herrigstad provided additional photos. over half that toad above deck. The fr.1nci.0al organizers cf the croject sails and rigging were designed to were Kjthcrine M. Bullitt and Mary permit easy maneuvering in small utiles Kline- (Northwest leapcrtj Lynn ports by her crew of 6 Co 10 men. A.Hickerscn and Fetor Ncill (National The WAWONA sailed for Deltas.-&. Trust), Robert /. Kapsch (Chief, NAER) Carson until 1514, when she was sold and Daily K. Tcmpxuis (Deputy Chief to Robinson Fisheries cf Anacortes, voyage in 1947. •Several proposals to present owner, plans to mount a £- cf the National Park Jervice, UP. De­ HAER) in cooperation with Jacob Thomas Washington. She then served as a use 'her for passenger voyages and million dollar restoration project to partment cf the Interior The pro­ {Washington Grata Historic Preser­ "mother" ship for cod-fishing dories cattle transport were never realized, return her to sound condition. ject is an outgrowth cf on increas - vation Cjjiccr) end Hcbic Gtebbms II, in the Bering oea until the outbreak and in 1S54 she was purchased' fcrr.rc- ing Local and national Interest in (Freemen:, lake Ure.cn lav Deck Com­ cf World mr It At this Nme, her servatlcn by Gave Our Ships cf-Seattle, This lines-lifting project was 00- preserving large historic ships, and pany Seattle). Tnis project was the rigging and masts were removed, Washington. She has been the sub­ sponscrcd by the National Trust for 'il is the- first luces-lifting project m result cf extern, ivc ceeperau.cn among and she was used as a barge by the ject cf several successful partial rhetoric Preservation, the Washngt.cn which HAER has participates: Using federal, state, and ether public agen­ armed services until 1945. Follow­ restoration efforts, but at the time State Office cf Archeology and his­ grants from the Washington State cies, private lcunbatie.es, in-kma'ccn- ing the war, she returned to a fish­ cf this project, she was suffering toric Preservation, Northwest Sea­ 'Office cf Archeology and Historic Pre­ trinutcrs, and volunteers through the ing industry where the "c'.d methods" from Significant decay in he f frames port, Inc., the Lake Union Dry Dock servation, the Bullitt foundation, auspices cf Northwest Gcaieert and had become increasingly obsolescent, 'and hull'planking above the water Company (LUCDCo), and the- historic the, Seattle foundation Pacific North- the National Trust ft,-Historic Pres­ and she made her last commercial One. Northwest Seaport, Inc., her American Engineering Record (HAER) west Bell, Eayicss Bindery and Sajeco ervation.

The title sheet of a set of seven drawings of the Wawona completed by Richard Anderson of the HAER staff.

18 This project was one outgrowth of a movement among maritime museums and preservationists na­ tionwide to develop preservation standards for maritime resources analogous to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. While others have been pursuing standards in conservation and restoration of historic vessels, a special task force sponsored by the National Trust has developed a preliminary set of guidelines for historic vessel documentation. HAER, which already has well- developed standards and guidelines for documenting land-based engineering and industrial sites, is planning to carry this effort for­ ward to completion. In effect, HAER hopes to revive in practice, if not in name, the old Historic American Merchant Marine Survey (HAMMS) which succeeded in recording 455 vessels during its short lifespan (1935-37). The records—photographs, written data, and superlative measured drawings—are maintained by the Maritime Division of the Smith­ sonian's National Museum of American History. HAER records of vessels would be similar in kind (though following modern HAER standards), and the records would be transmitted to the HAER Collec­ tion at the Library of Congress. Documentation serves many needs, among them planning, maintenance, restoration, and "in­ surance" against total or partial loss of a resource. As a national in­ ventory of significant American vessels proceeds, it is increasingly apparent that many worthy vessels cannot be preserved due to limited funds, time, skills, and interest. Documentation in most cases will provide a thorough record of a vessel's significant features at a fraction of the cost of preservation and ongoing maintenance, thus en­ suring against an irretrievable loss of what remains of American maritime heritage. ®

Lines-lifting team measuring points on a section plane at Wawona's bow, October 1985. Pro­ The author is a staff architect with the cedure required the use of two tape measures and the erection of very large squares and a Historic American Engineering Record. straightedge specially built for the project. (Photo by Richard K. Anderson, Jr., HAER 1985.)

19 HABS/HAER In Alaska Robert L. Spude

There are simple lifestyles in the servation Act, creating 44 million chitecture and graduate history pro­ far north: fish camps where acres of new parks, preserves, or gram, our ability to use the families harvest salmon from the monuments and tripling the size of HABS/HAER summer employee Yukon River to feed themselves the NPS system. These vast ex­ recruitment system has also been and their essential dog teams; trap­ panses include an uncounted crucial. Three goals would be met per cabins centered in a lake- number of cultural resources. Three through the HABS/HAER program covered Aleutian peninsula lowland of the new parks have been inven­ in Alaska: inventory, preservation with traplines leading like spokes toried under standard NPS of significant sites through to the winter harvest grounds of guidelines. Select sites, some of documentation, and assistance with furs; miners' camps, their shafts to which due to their isolation will be small-scale historic structures bedrock and simple mechanisms to left to deteriorate, have been reports (HSR). wash gold from the Koyukuk placer recorded. The Alaska Region has country in the summer. These sites actively pursued HABS/HAER Since 1981, inventories have been are representatives of the "sour­ recordation to insure that represen­ conducted at Lake Clark, Wrangell- dough" lifestyles rapidly passing tative sites will receive "preserva­ St. Elias, and Gates of the Arctic from the Alaska scene. Within the tion through documentation." National Parks. In many cases, the last few years the Alaska Regional challenge of the inventory has been This work has received much simply to locate remote cabins. Office has focused on preserving support from the Washington Of­ information about the physical re­ Besides assessing the sites' fice. After the Heritage Conserva­ significance, the historians have mainders of these ways of life tion and Recreation Service was through HABS/HAER recording placed these sites in the greater abolished in 1981, HABS/HAER context of the area's history. projects within the new Alaska Chief Robert Kapsch agreed to pro­ parks. vide staff and technical assistance The recordation of historic cabins In 1980 Congress passed the to the Alaska Regional Office. is a major means of providing some Alaska National Interest Land Con- Because Alaska lacks a school of ar­ Alaska continued on page 22

Sourdough Roadhouse. A National Historic Landmark, this roadhouse was built on the trail from Valdez on the coast to the gold fields of Fair­ banks, a trail which parallels the Alaskan pipeline today. The roadhouse has been operating continuously since ca. 1905, when it was built.

20 Million Dollar Bridge, Cordova, Alaska. The star of Rex Beach's novel The Iron Trail, this bridge was completed in 1910 to carry the railroad from the coast at Cordova to the copper mines at Kennecott. Although the bridge survived the calving of the two surrounding glaciers, it was damaged in the 1964 earthquake. (Photograph by Jet Lowe, HAER, 1984)

21 Alaska continued from page 20 Bob Spude. They prepared HABS mountains and within Wrangell-St. record drawings of cabins in the Elias National Park and Preserve. It form of preservation for resources gold rush town of Chisana, in is a destination point for many park which are not likely to receive Wrangell-St. Elias National Park visitors. The Alaska Regional Office funding for maintenance because of and Preserve, of roadhouses in has initiated a project to record the isolation and limited use. Yukon-Charley Rivers National copper milling process of the plant HABS/HAER photographer Jet Preserve, of rustic structures in and the buildings within this classic Lowe has documented several of Alaska's best-known park, Denali, copper camp, active from 1910 to these sites with large-format and of gold rush era structures 1938. photographs. Besides serving as a along the Chilkoot Trail in Klondike While the new Alaskan parks are record of the resource, the Gold Rush National Historical Park. best known for their unparalleled photographs have been used by These HSRs are given official wildernesses and rugged land­ park personnel for interpretation review and meet NPS standards. In scapes, they do contain cultural and education. this way, HABS/HAER drawings resources that merit attention. The But the HABS documents have serve two purposes: a permanent various uses of the HABS/HAER also become components in HSRs record in the Library of Congress program have been invaluable to developed by the Alaska Regional and an important part of the HSR the Alaska Regional Office's at­ Office. Standard HSRs contain which are necessary to parks for tempt to identify and protect those histories and as-built drawings. In cultural resource planning. resources. Alaska, simple log structures have Alaska has also completed several been recorded to HABS standards, recording projects within parks but The author is regional historian in the the drawings being used as the as- on private lands as part of a good Alaska Regional Office. builts. Student architects and neighbor policy. The former copper historians worked under the camp of Kennecott, still privately regional historical architect, Dave owned, abuts the magnificent Ken- Snow, and the regional historian, nicott glacier in the Wrangell NHPA NEW ON THE MARKET

The American Association for State and proffers advice on all aspects of Jandl. Paperbound; 375 pages; $24.95. and Local History (AASLH) has re­ museums from the choice of a building Re-creates the look of the mail-order cently published the following books: through collections care, registration, catalogs from which consumers all over exhibits, conservation, and staffing to the country chose their homes. Divided The Living History Sourcebook by financial management and fund raising. into 15 sections by roof type, the book Jay Anderson offers annotated selec­ Paperbound; 141 pages; $10.95 ($9.90). features nearly 450 house models in tions of the best living history resources How to Photograph Works of Art, by more than 800 illustrations, including available today. Each chapter describes Sheldan Collins, offers excellent instruc­ detailed drawings of the houses, floor a specific source of information about tion to museum personnel and plans and interior rooms. An introduc­ living history: museums, events, photographers who take photographs tion traces the program's history, and a magazines, books, articles, organiza­ of art objects for museum collections photo essay captures the memories and tions, suppliers, sketchbooks, games, catalogs, exhibit posters, or their per­ pride of Sears house owners. and films. sonal photo album. Clothbound; 224 Kate Stevenson is chief of the Divi­ Paperbound with 360 entries and 180 pages; $39.95 ($35.95). sion of Cultural Resources for the NPS photographs. $19.95 ($17.95 to AASLH To order the above books, include Rocky Mountain Region; Ward Jandl, members). postage ($1.50 for one book; $.50 more also employed by NPS, is the editor of for each additional book) and mail to The Technology of Historic American Directory of Historical Agencies in the AASLH Order Department, 172 Buildings and a contributing author of North America (13th edition), edited by Second Avenue North, Suite 102, Respectful Rehabilitation. Betty Pease Smith, contains more than Nashville, TN 37201 (615/255-2971). 9,300 listings of historical societies, museums, government agencies, gene­ Goodbye History, Hello Hamburger: An Anthology of Architectural Delights Goodbye History, Hello Hamburger alogical depositories, oral history and Houses By Mail may be ordered centers, folklore societies, living history and Disasters, by Ada Louise Huxtable. Paperbound; 208 pages; $14.95. Essays from the Preservation Shop, National groups, libraries and archival Trust for Historic Preservation, 1600 H depositories, plus other organizations on historic preservation and urban design, focusing on timeless issues of Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006. related to the history field. Paper- The price is less 10% for Trust bound; 695 pages; $64.95 ($58.45). how to save towns and landmarks from thoughtless destruction and insensitive members, plus $3.00 for postage and Starting Right: A Basic Guide to development. handling. Booksellers, libraries and Museum Planning, by Gerald George educators should order from the Preser­ and Cindy Sherrell, discusses the pros Houses By Mail: A Guide to Houses vation Press, 1785 Massachusetts and cons of establishing any given from Sears, Roebuck and Company, by Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036 museum, outlines where to get help, Katherine Cole Stevenson and H. Ward (202/673-4058).

22 AASLH Dreams commercial and open to tourists. "From Dreams to Reality" is the The symposium steering committee theme at the American Association Announcements has surveyed residents and leaders for State and Local History of about 200 historic communities (AASLH) meeting, scheduled nationwide to gauge the concerns September 30 through October 3 in of each. For example, German Oakland, CA. The program features Village has kept a good balance of more than 50 sessions on a range Articles Featured in Museum homes, businesses and tourism of subjects of importance to Studies Journal since it was restored in the 1960s. historical societies, museums, and An expose of the power struggles Consultants will present their find­ local historians. Included are pro­ surrounding the opening of the ings on German Village as a proto­ fessional development and manage­ Smithsonian Institution and a pro­ type historic community as well as ment, collections, interpretation, file of the early American Museum places like it which can remain new technologies, public history, in New York City will be among strong into the next decade. exhibit development, marketing, the articles featured in the Spring For more information, contact and fundraising. issue of the Museum Studies either Chairman Connie Swain For further information on Journal. (614/464-4356) or Christy Perry registration fees, etc., contact James Published by the Center for (614/444-8289). Gardner at 615/255-2971. Museum Studies of John F. Ken­ nedy University, the Journal also Seminars on American Culture Call for Papers features two strong research and The 39th Annual Seminars on A call for papers is issued for an methodology articles. The first American Culture is scheduled July American Society for Testing and shows resourceful ways for the 6-12 in Cooperstown, NY. Since Materials (ASTM) Symposium on small museum to develop a perma­ 1948, the New York State Historical Service Life of Rehabilitated Build­ nent exhibition on a "shoe-string Association has presented this adult ings and Other Structures, to be budget." The second tackles the education program for a wide held the week of April 26, 1987, in standardization of terminology for variety of people. Offerings include Cincinnati, OH. Subjects include: museum objects as applied to the a week-long theme course on residual life of rehabilitated struc­ nomenclature of African Art. restoring one's old house, six lec­ tures; prediction of service life of ture courses, seven craft building materials; condition assess­ In addition, The Museum Studies workshops, and a special course ment of buildings and other struc­ Library Shelf List—Second Edition, designed for teachers on the tures; building economics as related a list which originated in the first development and use of community to residual life of buildings and volume of the Museum Studies resources for social studies other structures; building systems Journal, has been reviewed by ex­ education. performance data bases; and service perts and expanded to become the For more information and to ob­ life of rehabilitated buildings and definitive bibliographic reference for tain a brochure, write to Seminars other structures—case studies. professionals, faculty, and students on American Culture, New York Prospective authors should sub­ in the museum field. Classics and State Historical Association, P.O. mit abstracts (about 300-500 words) current books in the areas of Box 800, Cooperstown, NY 13326. and an ASTM Paper Submittal museum philosophy, management, Form by July 31, 1986 to the Cor­ curatorship, conservation, educa­ Historic Preservation Summer responding Symposium Co- tion, registration, and information Institute chairman Dave Battle, Senior sources are included in the "Preparing for the 21st Century" Preservation Architect, Branch of citations. is the theme of the 11th Annual Professional Support, Denver Serv­ For subscriptions or information Historic Preservation Summer In­ ice Center, National Park Service, about either of these publications, stitute, to be held in June and July 755 Parfet Street, P.O. Box 25287, write to the Museum Studies Jour­ at the University of Vermont. Denver, CO 80225; Phone: nal, Center for Museum Studies, This year, courses are designed to 303/236-8951. ASTM Paper Submit­ 1717 Seventeenth Street, San Fran­ help participants improve their tal Forms are available from cisco, CA 94103. understanding of architectural con­ Theresa Smoot, ASTM, 1916 Race servation (the care and maintenance Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103; Heritage America of historic structures) and reading Phone: 215/299-5413. The First National Symposium of and interpreting the cultural land­ For additional information, con­ Historic Communities is scheduled scape (placing the brick-and-mortar tact Wayne P. Ellis, Standards Con­ for July 31 and August 1 and 2, ideas from the past in a broad sultant, 754 Bob-Bea Lane, 1986, at German Village in Colum­ historical and cultural context). Harleysville, PA 19438; Phone: bus, OH. Participants will share Additional information may be 215/256-6888; or Philip Marshall, ideas and experiences about restor­ obtained by writing: Summer Ses­ P.O. Box 211, Peck Slip Station, ing historic properties and main­ sion, Division of Continuing Educa­ New York, NY 10272; Phone: taining the delicate balance in tion, University of Vermont, Burl­ 212/925-2818. neighborhoods that are residential, ington, VT 05405.

23 FEEDBACK Hugh C. Miller Photo-Monitoring of Buildings—An Dorchester Heights Monument Effective Tool Thomas Park, South Boston, Close-range photogrammetry is an ef­ fective tool to inspect and monitor Suffolk County, Massachusetts hard-to-reach building features. When paired negatives are viewed in the stereo plotter, three dimensional A — Anchor, Star Normal: reference joint size C — Chipped edges distortions or defects are easily ap­ D — Scupper parent. Notations of conditions on a E — Chipped corner Joint thinner than normal photo drawing overlay can be used to F — Cracked face analyze need for repairs and to G — Grain of stone H — Hairline crack, patched Joint wider than normal become a base record for monitoring I — Hairline crack, open change. For a recent NPS project, K — Metal cramps Henry Chambers, FAIA, developed a M — Mortar Vertical joint wider at bottom N — Negative blemish notation system that may have a P — Patch universal application. Q — Warped surface Vertical joint wider at top R — Copper stain S — Stain T — Target, Photogrammetric Lee H. Nelson, FAIA U — Unknown, check if possible Crack: hairline -F/-.3 to l.MM Chief, Preservation Asst. Div. V — Vandalized W — Lightning conductor hole Crack: noticeable 1. to 2.MM X — Mortar joint unsympathetic Y — Mortar joint worn The ( + ) side of vertical joint has moved ahead of wall plane Photograph scale: 1/4" = I'

The ( —) side of vertical joint has moved behind wall plane Note: This project is described in the booklet, Using Photo-Grammetry to Monitor Materials Deterioration and Horizontal joint tilts clockwise Structural Problems on Historic Buildings which is available from the Horizontal joint tilts counter-clockwise Government Printing Office for $1.75 ppd. (order # 024-005-00969-8).

IN THIS ISSUE ...

A Tradition of Excellence 1 Announcements 23 New On The Market 22 FEEDBACK 24 June 1986

U. S. Department of First-Class Mail . the Interior Postage&Fees Paid National Park Service Published bimonthly by the Cultural Resources U.S. Department of the Interior P.O. Box 37127 G-83 Associate Director, Cultural Washington, DC 20013-7127 Resources, in the interest of promoting and maintaining high standards in the preservation and management of cultural resources.

Director: William Penn Mott, Jr. Associate Director: Jerry L. Rogers Acting Editor: Karlota M. Koester Consulting Editor: Mary V. Maruca Feedback Editor: Hugh C. Miller

Cultural Resources, Washington, D.C. Volume 9: No. 3