WINTER 19R7 the Collected Papers of Albert Einstein Volume I
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Declining Homogamy of Austrian-German Nobility in the 20Th Century? a Comparison with the Dutch Nobility Dronkers, Jaap
www.ssoar.info Declining homogamy of Austrian-German nobility in the 20th century? A comparison with the Dutch nobility Dronkers, Jaap Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: GESIS - Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Dronkers, J. (2008). Declining homogamy of Austrian-German nobility in the 20th century? A comparison with the Dutch nobility. Historical Social Research, 33(2), 262-284. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.33.2008.2.262-284 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Diese Version ist zitierbar unter / This version is citable under: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-191342 Declining Homogamy of Austrian-German Nobility in the 20th Century? A Comparison with the Dutch Nobility Jaap Dronkers ∗ Abstract: Has the Austrian-German nobility had the same high degree of no- ble homogamy during the 20th century as the Dutch nobility? Noble homog- amy among the Dutch nobility was one of the two main reasons for their ‘con- stant noble advantage’ in obtaining elite positions during the 20th century. The Dutch on the one hand and the Austrian-German nobility on the other can be seen as two extreme cases within the European nobility. The Dutch nobility seems to have had a lower degree of noble homogamy during the 20th century than the Austrian-German nobility. -
12BOOK ジョージエリオット21号.Indb
THE GEORGE ELIOT REVIEW OF JAPAN The Twenty-First Issue The 2019 Special Issue: Bicentenary Essays November 2019 CONTENTS A Bicentenary Message from the Chairman (UK) …………………………………John Burton ………………… 1 Foreword …………………………………Shintetsu Fukunaga………… 5 ARTICLES A Story of Janet, Mrs. Robert Dempster in Scenes of Clerical Life …………………………………Midori Uematsu …………… 9 Mr. David Faux, Corrupt Confectioner: George Eliot and Commercial Societies …………………………………Hiroshi Oshima ……………25 Adaptations of “Inkle and Yarico” and Shattered Colonial Illusions in “Brother Jacob,” Felix Holt, the Radical and Daniel Deronda …………………………………Nanae Hama…………………51 “Two creatures slowly turning to marble”: Sculpturesque Images in George Eliot’s Middlemarch and Edward Burne-Jones’s Painting …………………………………Maho Sakoda ………………73 A Vision of George Eliot’s Ethical Humanism in the Portrayal of the Bulstrodes in Middlemarch …………………………………Shintetsu Fukunaga…………97 “These Things Are a Parable”: Realism and Beyond in George Eliot’s Later Fiction …………………………………Hiroshi Ebine ………………123 The Actress of Real Drama: Gwendolen’s Self in Everyday Performance …………………………………Eri Satoh ……………………147 The Revelatory Mask: Eliot’s Essays and Impressions of Theophrastus Such …………………………………Yohko Nagai ………………171 Contributors………………………………………………………195 Editors ……………………………………………………………196 1 A Bicentenary Message from the Chairman (UK) May I start by congratulating the Japanese branch on producing such excellent essays. I have read and enjoyed them all. They are full of interesting insights into the writing of George Eliot and I find it inspiring that though we have totally different cultures we can still find such a huge amount of common ground by studying George Eliot. I suppose her humanity, wisdom and compassion do translate into recognisable aspirations across many societies in many different parts of the world. -
149 Calling to the German Nobility: Why the Church Needs Reforming
Calling to the German Nobility: Why the Church Needs Reforming Rebecca Thorpe On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, thus, ushering in the first step of the Protestant Reformation. Three years later, in 1520, having abandoned hope of reform by the clergy, he penned An Appeal to the Ruling Class of German Nationality as to the Amelioration of the State of Christendom as a means by which to try to reform the Catholic Church with the help of the nobility of Germany. From 1517 to 1520 was an important time: Luther was summoned to appeal to the pope, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian died and Charles V was elected in his stead, Luther debated with Eck in Leipzig, and then Luther was excommunicated from the church. Because the nobility of Germany had more influence than Luther did in the church he penned his Appeal to explain to them why the reformation needed to happen and how it would benefit them and the country. He had tried to do this through the clergy before, but they seen him as a heretic. In taking such radical action, Luther is concerned not only for his own soul, but those of his parishioners as well. He believes that the Catholic church is not looking out for them because it has become corrupted. Luther also needs the help of the nobles so that Germany will not end in financial ruin. Through his strong belief in God and his understanding and interpretation of the scripture, and understanding of the business of the church, Luther tries to convince the nobles to stand up and push for reform. -
Number 120 the Western Borderlands of The
NUMBER 120 THE WESTERN BORDERLANDS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, 1710-1870 Edward Thaden Colloquium Paper presented June 30, 1980, at Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies The Wilson Center THE WESTERN BORDERLANDS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, 1710-1870 I The Podolian cycle of Wlodzimierz Odojewski chronicles the futile efforts of two young noblemen in the extreme southeastern corner of interwar Poland to fight during 1943-44 for what they thought was the Polish cause. A P~lish trilogy on this theme, published in 1962, 1964, and 1973, reminds us of the fascination the borderlands, or kresy, have had for Poles and of the domination they and other non-native elites and rulers once exercised over a vast region stretching from the Gulf of Bothnia in the north to the Dniester River in the south and from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Dnieper in the east. Great Russians, Poles, Germans, and Swedes competed for the control of this area since the thirteenth century. In it the major religions of Europe--Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism--clashed. Its indigenous population consisted of Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Belorussian, Polish, and Ukrainian peasants, who were generally serfs or at least economically dependent on landowners alien to them in language and culture. Only in certain areas of Finland and P·oland did the peasants speak the language of the local nobility. Between 1710 and 1815 the Russian Empire annexed western borderlands that, in 1815, accounted for about one-fifth of the land area of European Russia exclusive of the Caucasus. From the very beginning Russian rulers and their officials wanted to bring this area closer to the rest of the empire, and under Catherine II and, again, under Nicholas I a concerted effort was made to introduce Russian laws, institutions, and language. -
56Reviews Biography. a Noblesse Oblige out of Step with Time
56reviews Biography. A noblesse oblige out of step with time Thomas von Vegesack HIS IS THOMAS von Vegesack’s istry in Germany. During his student days, he had feel at home in Sweden either. He was Utan hem i tiden. story about his father, Arved already begun showing some characteristics peculiar pained by the lack of knowledge about Berättelsen om Arved. von Vegesack, but it is also a to his personality and social position. His time at the the world that he encountered there, Tstory about an entire genera- university in Tartu was divided between participating and the fact that the Swedish picture of [Not at Home in Time. tion of Baltic Germans whose lives were in the survival of aspects of the old order — including Europe included only its western parts. The Story of Arved]. far removed from ours, though their a life in the German student unions with duels over After some initial reverses, Arved Stockholm: Norstedts time was not. matters of honor — and in the ideal of the new era, i.e. got a position in Sweden as a researcher 2008. 175 pages. Arved von Vegesack lived at a time being a successful student and researcher, dedicated at Munkfors Bruk (Munkfors Mill), a when the Baltic-German nobility was to serving science. His studies were interrupted by the position he kept for the rest of his life. losing its position. From being socially, tumultuous years around 1905 when political activism His research resulted in several patents JOHAN EELLEND politically, and economically dominant, among the workers and the peasantry unsaddled the on steel edging, but these were too Received his Ph.D. -
Remembering the Schleswig War of 1864: a Turning Point in German and Danish National Identity
The Bridge Volume 37 Number 1 Article 8 2014 Remembering the Schleswig War of 1864: A Turning Point in German and Danish National Identity Julie K. Allen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/thebridge Part of the European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, and the Regional Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Allen, Julie K. (2014) "Remembering the Schleswig War of 1864: A Turning Point in German and Danish National Identity," The Bridge: Vol. 37 : No. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/thebridge/vol37/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Bridge by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Remembering the Schleswig War of 1864: A Turning Point in German and Danish National Identity1 by Julie K. Allen Every country tells itself stories about its origins and the moments that define its history. Many of these stories are connected to wars, for example the tale of how George Washington and his troops crossed the frozen Delaware river to surprise the British and turn the tide of the Revolutionary War, or the way the American public rallied after the attack on Pearl Harbor to retool the American economy and support American troops in the fight against fascism. Not surprisingly, the stories we tell about our own country are most often ones about wars from which we emerge victorious, rather than those that reveal a society in disarray or economically devastated. -
About Gotha, Germany
English At a glance with midtown map The Pearl of the Thuringian Town Chain History of the Residential City page 4 Aristocracy History page 6 Friedenstein Castle page 8 Sights / Midtown map page 10 Guest guided tours page 16 Events page 20 Cycle Tours in the region page 21 Excursion Destinations page 22 Tourist Information Gotha / Gotha County, Hauptmarkt 33, 99867 Gotha Phone: +49 (0)3621 5078570, Fax: / 507857-20, E-mail: [email protected] Imprint: Editor: wibego-service-gmbh / Tourist Information, Design: K&K Werbung GmbH, Print: dmz Gotha, Maps: Müller & Richert GbR, Photos: Tourist Information Gotha, Thüringer Tourismus GmbH, K&K Werbung GmbH, Foundation Schloss Friedenstein, City Council, Olaf Ittershagen, Lutz Ebhardt, Barbara Neumann Translation: Doreen Andreas, Text & More Status: June 2008, Edition 3.000 copies 2 WWelcome !elcome ! Discover the historic beauties of Gotha! „ Rose Gotha“ The residential city Gotha is located in the green heart of Germany, in Thuringia – a town with the special flair of history and future. Gotha is the former capital and residential city of the Dukedom Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Marked by a brilliant history the town has is own aura: the historic centre and the Friedenstein Castle - Germany’s biggest Early-Baroque castle complex with a park - landmarks and at the same time impressing events. Wide park areas in English style, the Orangery, the Friedenstein Castle, the Ducal Museum, the today’s Museum of Nature as well as bourgeois houses are fascinating the visitors. Whether an individual visit or a guided city tour – the flair of the pompous past can be felt still today! 3 History and Personalities Villa Gotaha The “Villa Gotaha” was first mentioned in a document issued by Charlema- gne, king of the Franks, in the year 775, and is thus one of the oldest settlements in Thuringia. -
Martin Luther (1483-1546): Address to the Nobility of the German Nation, 1520 (Excerpts)
From: Modern History Sourcebook: Martin Luther (1483-1546): Address to the Nobility of the German Nation, 1520 (Excerpts) Introductory Note Martin Luther, the leader of the Protestant Reformation, was born at Eisleben, Saxony, November 10, 1483. He studied jurisprudence at the University of Erfurt, where he later lectured on physics and ethics. In 1505 he entered the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt; two years later was ordained priest; and in 1508 became professor of philosophy at the University of Wittenberg. The starting-point of Luther's career as a reformer was his posting of the Ninety-five Theses on October 31, 1517. These formed a passionate statement of the true nature of penitence, and a protest against the sale of indulgences. In issuing the Theses, Luther expected the support of his ecclesiastical superiors; and it was only after three years of controversy, during which he refused a summons to Rome, that he proceeded to publish those works that brought about his expulsion from the Church. The year 1520 saw the publication of the three great documents which laid down the fundamental principles of the Reformation. In the "Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation," Luther attacked the corruptions of the Church and the abuses of its authority, and asserted the right of the layman to spiritual independence. In "Concerning Christian Liberty," he expounded the doctrine of justification by faith, and gave a complete presentation of his theological position. In the "Babylonish Captivity of the Church," he criticized the sacramental system, and set up the Scriptures as the supreme authority in religion. -
For More Details, Visit PROGRAMME OVERVIEW
For more details, visit http://www.sidc.com.my/programme/sri2021 PROGRAMME OVERVIEW The Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) agenda has never been more critical and significant than it is today. The global pandemic, economic crisis and effects of climate change have demonstrated the need for leadership and change to drive the sustainability agenda in creating impactful long-term business strategies, sustainable economic growth and better climate. Investors have also shown a shift in their readiness and willingness to invest in companies that aim to build a better future for our planet and for the next generation. Following on from last year’s theme on “Strategic Value of Sustainability” during the SRI 2020 virtual conference, this year’s conference will focus on the need for the Malaysian capital market to play a more aggressive role in paving the way for profitability through sustainability. This may be achieved by facilitating and supporting business development ideas and agendas that are geared towards green, social and sustainable investments that are both profitable and reflective of the strategic values of theSustainable Development Goals (SDGs). PROGRAMME OBJECTIVE The purpose of this conference is to help business leaders and policy makers recognise the challenges and opportunities posed by unprecedented changes in global market developments. It also aims to provide an important platform from which new ideas and actions are sprung forth in creating more sustainable and responsible businesses and markets that can make a positive long-term impact on society and the environment. This year’s discourse will focus on the progress and development made with regard to future plans following the launch of the five-year roadmap by Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) that comprises the five overarching strategies. -
Vice-Senior General Maung Aye, Wife Daw Mya Mya San Attend Presentation of Religious Titles to Monks Who Passed 59Th Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Selection Exam
Established 1914 Volume XV, Number 41 12th Waxing of Nayon 1369 ME Sunday, 27 May, 2007 Vice-Senior General Maung Aye, wife Daw Mya Mya San attend presentation of religious titles to monks who passed 59th Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Selection Exam YANGON, 26 May — A ceremony to honour 73 monks who had passed the 59th Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Selection Examination organized by the Ministry of Religious Affairs was held at Maha Pasana Cave Ordination Hall on Kaba Aye Hill, here, this morning, attended by Vice-Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Deputy Commander- in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) Vice-Senior General Maung Aye and wife Daw Mya Mya San. Also present on the occasion were Chairman of the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee Magway Sayadaw Abhidhaja Maha Rattha Guru Abhidhaja Agga Maha Saddhammajotika Bhaddanta Kumara and member Sayadaws, Ovadaçariya Sayadaws of the examination, Tipitakadhara Tipitakakovida Sayadaws, examination supervisor Sayadaws and the monks who had passed the Vice-Senior General Maung Aye, wife Daw Mya Mya San and congregation taking Five Precepts from members of the Sangha. — MNA examination, Secretary-1 of the State Peace and Develop- Mayor and their wives, deputy ministers, senior military Htay and Staff Officer U Aung Htwe also ushered the ment Council Lt-Gen Thein Sein and wife Daw Khin Khin officers, the director-general of the SPDC Office and monks who had passed the examination. Win, members of the SPDC Lt-Gen Thiha Thura Tin Aung departmental heads, senior military officers of the While the State Orchestra played religious songs, Myint Oo and Lt-Gen Tin Aye of the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Defence, members of religious associations, the congregation paid homage to members of the Sangha. -
'The Distinction': Russian Nobility and Russian Elites In
The ‘Distinction’: Russian Nobility and Russian Elites in the European Context (the 18th – 19th Century)* Vera S. Dubina Institute of Anthropology and Ethnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow ABSTRACT Historiography for a long time supposed that the Russian nobility, because of its character of service, did not possess a class con- sciousness, which is expressed in point d'honneur and distinction nobiliaire (Bourdieu 1987). It corresponds to the proclamation opposition ‘Russian-European’, which came from the old theory of Russian special way (Sonderweg). In my contribution, I refrain from proclaiming an a priori incompatibility of the Russian nobili- ty with Western European principles and try to show that the re- search on the Russian nobility and elites can benefit to be recon- structed within a European conceptual sphere and from using the concepts like ‘Adeligkeit’. The objective of this essay is to put key concepts of European noble habitus to test by the help of three conceptions: ‘elite’, ‘point d'honneur’ and ‘service’ by Russian example. While the history of Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries is de- scribed in terms of Europeanization in the areas of the governmen- tal system, education and everyday life, in scientific tradition the results of this European influence are for the most part judged as not corresponding to European standards: According to this tradi- tion, neither a constitutional state existed – despite the orientation towards the theory and codification of the law according to the European (mainly German) model – nor a bureaucracy in accor- dance with the Western model, with a delegation of power1. -
Heimat: Rethinking Baltic German Spaces of Belonging 55
Heimat: Rethinking Baltic German Spaces of Belonging 55 Heimat: Rethinking Baltic German Spaces of Belonging ULRIKE Plath The paper aims to start a discussion of the notion of the Baltic German Heimat in the long nineteenth century, from the end of the eighteenth century up to 1918. In this period of time, Baltic German cultural domination reached its peak, but also started to decline due to the constant growth of nationalism, followed by the final migration of Baltic Germans back to Germany between 1905 and 1941. Baltic German history interpreted as a part of the German history of migration developed special features and layers of imagined spatial belonging. After highlighting the main steps in the development of the Baltic German notion of Heimat, ‘fatherland’ and ‘motherland’ in nineteenth-century literature, journalism and politics, the paper proposes an action- based approach towards understanding spatial belonging. In this sense, Heimat is not only constructed from above, but also as an individually and socially constructed space created by different and sometimes clashing ‘ways of being’ and ‘ways of belonging’. In the conclusion, there is a discussion of whether the Baltic German Heimat was a national, a transnational or an indifferent, de-territorialised space of ‘being between’. Heimat and the Baltic German history of migration The German term Heimat, meaning home, homeland, the land or private place of birth, is an emotional space of belonging1 with unclear contours, sometimes mean- ing the territory of a nation or an empire, sometimes a region, and sometimes just a private memory that gains, in every form, importance with growing spatial and temporal distance.2 As Heimat is often constructed in retrospect, or in opposition to other concepts, different historical layers have to be taken into account.