Monitoring Educational Performance in the Caribbean / Emanuela De Gropello
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Washington, D.C. Washington, THE WORLDBANK Emanuela diGropello in theCaribbean Performance Monitoring Educational WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 6 NO. PAPER WORKING BANK WORLD Copyright © 2003 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing: June 2003 1 2 3 4 05 04 03 World Bank Working Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to journal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal sta- tus of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and normally will grant permission for use. Permission to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal or personal use of specific clients, or for educational classroom use, is granted by the World Bank, provided that the appropriate fee is paid. Please contact the Copyright Clearance Center before photocopying items. Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers, MA 01923, U.S.A. Tel: 978-750-8400 • Fax: 978-750-4470. For permission to reprint individual articles or chapters, please fax your request with complete information to the Republication Department, Copyright Clearance Center, fax 978-750-4470. All other queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the World Bank at the address above, or faxed to 202-522-2422. ISBN: 0-8213-5516-3 eISBN: 0-8213-5517-1 ISSN: 1726-5878 Emanuela di Gropello is Economist in the Human Development Department of the Latin Ameri- can and the Caribbean Region at the World Bank. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Di Gropello, Emanuela Monitoring educational performance in the Caribbean / Emanuela de Gropello. p. cm.-- (World Bank working paper; no. 6) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8213-5516-3 1. Education--Caribbean Area--Evaluation. 2. Education--Caribbean Area--Statistics. I. Title. II. Series. LA541.D5 2003 379.1’58’09729--dc21 2003050051 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . .v Acknowledgments . .vii Abbreviations and Acronyms . .ix Executive Summary . .xi I. Introduction . .1 II. Defining Operationally Relevant Education Indicators . .3 Measurement of Educational Coverage and Internal Efficiency . .3 Measurement of Quality . .11 III. Monitoring Education Indicators in the Caribbean Region . .15 Current Availability of Indicators for Education Diagnostics in the Caribbean . .15 The New Indicator Database on Ten Caribbean Countries: Description and Analysis . .19 IV. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations . .37 Annexes Annex 1: Education Indicators: Definition and Interpretation . .45 Annex 2: Country Education Profiles . .57 Belize, 2000/2001 . .58 Dominica, 1999/2000 . .61 Dominican Republic, 1999/2000 . .64 Grenada, 2000/2001 . .67 Guyana, 1999/2000 . .70 Jamaica, 1999/2000 . .73 St. Kitts and Nevis, 2000/2001 . .76 St. Vincent and the Grenadines,2000/2001 . .79 Trinidad and Tobago, 1999/2000 . .82 Annex 3: Comparative Tables on Educational Performance . .85 Bibliography . .95 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Characterization of Coverage and Efficiency Education Indicators . .5 Table 2. Typology of Cohort Analyses . .7 Table 3. Quality Indicators . .12 Table 4. National Assessments at the Primary level . .16 Table A.1. Coverage of School-age Population in Primary Education . .86 Table A.2. Coverage of School-age Population in Secondary Education . .87 Table A.3. Student Cohort Survival Rates . .88 Table A.4. Other Internal Efficiency Indicators – Primary Education . .89 Table A.5. Other Internal Efficiency Indicators – Secondary Education . .90 Table A.6. Quality: Acquisition of Cognitive Skills in Primary Education . .91 iii IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Table A.7. Quality: Acquisition of Cognitive Skills in Secondary Education . .92 Table A.8. Other Quality Indicators . .93 Table A.9. Public Expenditure Indicators in Education . .94 LIST OF CHARTS Chart 1. Schooling Profile . .8 Chart 2. Survival Rates . .9 Chart 3. GERs and GCRs in Primary Education for 10 Caribbean Countries . .27 Chart 4. GERs and GCRs in Secondary Education for 10 Caribbean Countries . .28 Chart 5. Survival Rates for 10 Caribbean Countries . .28 Chart 6. Proportion of Out-Of-School Secondary School age Children in 9 Caribbean Countries . .29 Chart 7. Repetition Rates in Primary and Secondary for 10 Caribbean Countries . .29 Chart 8. Completion Rates in 10 Caribbean Countries . .30 Chart 9. Public expenditure on Education and CXC Performance in 9 Caribbean Countries . .32 Chart 10. Public expenditure on Education and Completion Rate in 10 CaribbeanCountries . .33 Chart 11. Unit Costs and Pupil-Teacher Ratios in Secondary Education for 9 Caribbean Countries . .33 Chart 12. CXC Performance in 9 Caribbean Countries . .34 Chart 13. Completion Rate and English CXC Performance in 10 Caribbean Countries . .35 Chart 14. Completion Rate and math CXC Performance in 10 Caribbean Countries . .35 Chart 15. CXC Performance and class hours in 8 Caribbean Countries . .36 LIST OF BOXES Box 1. The Caribbean Examination Council (CXC): purpose, advantages and disadvantages . .17 Box 2. Education in St. Lucia, 2000/2001 . ..22 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. School Effectiveness Model . .13 PREFACE he objectives agreed for Education For All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals T(MDGs) are challenging policy makers and professionals working in education to measure educational outputs. Caribbean countries which are now moving to universal access to secondary education need a common framework and shared indicators to measure progress. This study represents the first step of a process aimed at improving the benchmarking of educational outcomes in the Caribbean region through the development of operationally relevant comparable education indicators. It contributes, notably, to the ongoing debate on measuring education performance by discussing why and how education planners should go beyond standard enrollment indicators and use survival and completion rates. With the objective of participating actively in the debate on education indicators in the Caribbean region, the main recommendations of this report were presented at the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Caribbean Regional Workshop on Education Indicators held in Trinidad and Tobago on May 5-9, 2002 which involved about 58 education planners and statisticians from 22 Caribbean countries. This study also gave rise to the development of a special database on Caribbean Education Indicators included in the internal World Bank EDStats website and in the external World Bank website (www1.worldbank.org/education/edstats). The Annexes of the report include the country profiles and comparative tables part of this database. We hope that the countries, seeing the importance of such information, will be fostered to pursue this effort. William Experton Human Development Country Sector Leader Caribbean Country Management Unit Latin America and the Caribbean Region v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS his study was prepared by Emanuela di Gropello under the general supervision of William TExperton (Sector Leader, Caribbean Country Management Unit). Lianqin Wang (Education Specialist, Human Development Network) provided invaluable assistance in the design of the database and its preparation for inclusion in the EDStats Website. Natasha Lopez provided effective assistance in putting together the database. Special thanks go to the Ministries of Education of the ten Caribbean countries for their precious help in providing the information necessary to complete the report. The views expressed in the report benefited greatly from their comments. Special thanks also go to the UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) for sharing its data and giving me the opportunity of presenting the recommendations of this report in its regional workshop. Thanks also go to the Caribbean UNESCO office (UNESCO Kingston) and the Latin American and the Caribbean UNESCO office (UNESCO Santiago) for sharing information on UNESCO’s activities in the region. Finally, I am also grateful to the same UNESCO Kingston and to Mark Ernest (OERU) for involving the Bank in the debate on qualitative education indicators in the Caribbean and to Werner Meier for writing the paper: “Monitoring School Effectiveness: Selecting Appropriate Qualitative Indicators”, which was effectively presented in the UIS regional workshop. In the Bank, other than those cited above, thanks are also due to the members of the Caribbean HD team- Alberto Rodriguez, Kin Bing Wu, Cynthia Hobbs, Angela Demas and Joshua Gallu who provided support in data collection,