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A Study of Oxyuroid Nematode Feeding Behavior and the Use of Cockroaches As an Insect Model for Testing Anthelmintics

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INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. 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ZEEB ROAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1 R 4EJ, ENGLAND 8022291 H o l o m a n , V e r n a L a V e r n e A STUDY OF OXYUROID NEMATODE FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND THE USE OF COCKROACHES AS AN INSECT MODEL FOR TESTING ANTHELMINTICS The Ohio Stale University Ph.D. 1980 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 18 Bedford Row, London WC1R 4EJ, England Copyright 1980 by Holoman, Verna LaVerne All Rights Reserved A STUDY OF OXYUROID NEMATODE FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND THE USE OF COCKROACHES AS AN INSECT MODEL FOR TESTING ANTHELMINTICS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Verna LaVerne Holoman, B.S.,-M.S. it it it it s's it * s'c The Ohio State University 1980 Reading 'Committee : Approved by John L. Crites W. Fred Hink Willard C. Myser ferfartment of Zoology TO MY BELOVED PARENTS Mr. g Mrs. William S. Holoman, Sr. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my most sincere appreciation and gratitude to my adviser, Professor John L. Crites, for his unfailing patience, advice, encouragement, and guidance throughout my entire graduate career. His memorable enthusiasm, approach, and expertise have had a profoundly strong influence on me and my interest in the study of nematode parasites. For his understanding, guidance, and support throughout all phases of this investigation, I shall remain extremely grateful. I am also grateful to Drs. Willard C. Myser and W. Fred Hink who, in cooperation with Dr. Crites, were instrumental in the preparation of this manuscript. Their support and understanding during various phases of my Ph.D. program have been invaluable. To Dr. Myser, I should also like to extend added thanks for the help given me throughout my graduate career. Very special thanks go to Mr. John McCabe of the Insect Culturing Laboratory, The Ohio State University, for his consistency and kindness over the years, and for supplying me with large numbers of cockroaches. I am also very grate­ ful to the following individuals for sharing their cockroach iii supplies with me: Dr. Frank W. Fisk, Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University; Drs. Mary H. Ross and E. C. Turner, Jr., Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Dr. Glen Printy, Boyden Entomological Laboratory, University of California at Riverside; Mrs. JoAnn Alexander, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center; Dr. Barbara Stay, Department of Zoology, University of Iowa; Dr. Margaret Nelson, Section of Neuro­ biology and Behavior, Cornell University; and Mrs. Jeanette Robinson, Entomology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University. To Dr. Patrick Dailey, Department of Zoology, University of Vermont, my thanks for so readily providing me with information on sources and procedures for obtaining specimens of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphado- rhina portentosa). Mr. Norm Milem, Roerig Division of Pfizer Pharmaceuti­ cals? provided me with free samples of the anthelmintic Antiminth, for which I am very thankful. To Dr. Herbert A. Bronstein, Bronstein, Rupp S Associates, M.D.’s, my sincere thanks for being so cooperative and willing to provide me with research drug prescriptions for the anthelmintics Antepar and Antiminth. I am grateful to Dr. Pauline C. Peregrine, University College, Cardiff, Wales, who very willingly shared with me her research results on thelastomatid nematodes in iv cockroaches. Sincere thanks must also be extended to Ms. Janice L. Holoman and Mrs. Vera Turner for their valuable time and assistance in the preparation of the research data for statistical analysis. I am appreciative of the assistance given me by Mr. Nick Teoh of the Statistics Laboratory, The Ohio State University, in the statistical analysis of my experimental data. I would also like to thank Messrs. Ronnie Fowler and Rennie Fowler, and Mrs. Susan M. Mahaney for their coopera­ tion in the stock room during my years of study. Thanks is also extended to Mrs. Mary Jo Blevins and Ms. Mary Malone for all their kindness and assistance during many critical times. It is imperative for me to remember the following professors who helped me in a variety of ways: Drs. John D. Briggs, William J. Collins, Dwight M. DeLong (Professor Emeritus), Michael 0. Garraway, Wayne B. Parrish, Henry L. Plaine (deceased), Loren S. Putnam, and Carl L. Reese (Professor Emeritus). I am especially grateful to Mrs. Charlene M. Taylor for being so kind as to undertake the task of typing this manuscript and for a job well done. Her patience and expertise were invaluable. v I should like to express my appreciation to Ms. Jody LaRaine Grenga for her very timely help in the preparation of the figures included in this manuscript. I wish to thank numerous family and friends col­ lectively for the help, understanding, and encouragement that they gave me during the difficult times. Their individual contributions supplied me with the motivation, strength, and courage to pursue my goal to the very end. Special appreciation goes to Mr. Tawia P. Akrobettoe, Ms. Saundra L. Broadnax, Dr. Emmanuel Christie, Mr. Adison Lovelace, Mr. James Nesbitt, Ms. Joyce E. Smith, Dr. Elizabeth Waldorf, and Dr. Patricia E. White. Finally, to my immediate family, my everlasting appreciation for your love, understanding, moral support, and commitment toward helping me to pursue my goal to the end. vi VITA July 22, 1943........... Born, Ivor, Virginia 1962-1965................ Research Assistant in Phycology, Biology Department, Virginia State College, Petersburg, Virginia 1965......................B.S., with distinction, Virginia State College, Petersburg, Virginia 1965-1968................ Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Zoology and Entomolo­ gy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio June-September, 1966 ....Laboratory Technician, Ohio Division of Wildlife, Columbus, Ohio 1968 ...................... M.S., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1968-1973 ................ Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971-1974................ Information Scientist, Battelle- Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 1974-1977 ................ Research Parasitologist/Ecologist, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 1977-1980................ Graduate Student, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Woodson, B. R. and V. Holoman. 1964. A systematic and ecological study of algae in Chesterfield County, Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 15:51-70. Woodson, B. R. and V. Holoman. 1965. Additions to fresh­ water algae in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 17:146-164. Woodson, B. R., V. Holoman, and A. Quick. 1966. Additions to fresh-water algae in Virginia. II. Dinwiddie County. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci,Soc. 82(2):154-159. Holoman, V. L. 1969. Pharnygodon armatus Walton, 193 3 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae); description of the male and redescription of the female. J. Parasitol. 55(4) : 733-736. Kemp, H. T., R. L. Little, V. L. Holoman, and R. L. Darby. 197 3. Water Quality Criteria Data Book - Volume 5. Effects of Chemicals on Aquatic Life. EPA-18050-HLA-09/73. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. 511 p. (PB-234 435, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). Warner, M. L., R. C. Burke, III, G. I. Nehman, G. A. Watkins, S. Chatterjee, V. L. Holoman, and H. Leobowitz. 1975. Energy from Coal: Guidelines for the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements. U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. 246 p. (PB-242
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  • Social Context Modulates Idiosyncrasy of Behaviour in the Gregarious Cockroach Blaberus Discoidalis

    Social Context Modulates Idiosyncrasy of Behaviour in the Gregarious Cockroach Blaberus Discoidalis

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/028571; this version posted October 8, 2015. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Crall, Souffrant, Akandwanaho & Hescock, et al. 2015 – preprint version Social context modulates idiosyncrasy of behaviour in the gregarious cockroach Blaberus discoidalis James D. Crall1,2,*, André D. Souffrant1,*, Dominic Akandwanaho1,*, Sawyer D. Hescock1,*, Sarah E. Callan1,†, W. Melissa Coronado1,†, Maude W. Baldwin1, Benjamin L. de Bivort1,3,‡ 1 – Dept. of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 2 – Concord Field Station, Harvard University, Bedford, MA 01730, USA. 3 – Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. * These authors contributed equally. † These authors contributed equally. ‡ Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Individuals are different, but they can work together to perform adaptive collective behaviours. Despite emerging evidence that individual variation strongly affects group performance, it is less clear to what extent individual variation is modulated by participation in collective behaviour. We examined light avoidance (negative phototaxis) in the gregarious cockroach Blaberus discoidalis, in both solitary and group contexts. Cockroaches in groups exhibit idiosyncratic light-avoidance performance that persists across days, with some individual cockroaches avoiding a light stimulus 75% of the time, and others avoiding the light just above chance (i.e. ~50% of the time). These individual differences are robust to group composition. Surprisingly, these differences do not persist when individuals are tested in isolation, but return when testing is once again done with groups.
  • Movement of Plastic-Baled Garbage and Regulated (Domestic) Garbage from Hawaii to Landfills in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington

    Movement of Plastic-Baled Garbage and Regulated (Domestic) Garbage from Hawaii to Landfills in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington

    Movement of Plastic-baled Garbage and Regulated (Domestic) Garbage from Hawaii to Landfills in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Final Biological Assessment, February 2008 Table of Contents I. Introduction and Background on Proposed Action 3 II. Listed Species and Program Assessments 28 Appendix A. Compliance Agreements 85 Appendix B. Marine Mammal Protection Act 150 Appendix C. Risk of Introduction of Pests to the Continental United States via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii. 159 Appendix D. Risk of Introduction of Pests to Washington State via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii 205 Appendix E. Risk of Introduction of Pests to Oregon via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii. 214 Appendix F. Risk of Introduction of Pests to Idaho via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii. 233 2 I. Introduction and Background on Proposed Action This biological assessment (BA) has been prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to evaluate the potential effects on federally-listed threatened and endangered species and designated critical habitat from the movement of baled garbage and regulated (domestic) garbage (GRG) from the State of Hawaii for disposal at landfills in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Specifically, garbage is defined as urban (commercial and residential) solid waste from municipalities in Hawaii, excluding incinerator ash and collections of agricultural waste and yard waste. Regulated (domestic) garbage refers to articles generated in Hawaii that are restricted from movement to the continental United States under various quarantine regulations established to prevent the spread of plant pests (including insects, disease, and weeds) into areas where the pests are not prevalent.