DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of Oxyuroid Nematode Feeding Behavior and the Use of Cockroaches As an Insect Model for Testing Anthelmintics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of Oxyuroid Nematode Feeding Behavior and the Use of Cockroaches As an Insect Model for Testing Anthelmintics INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilms International 300 N. ZEEB ROAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1 R 4EJ, ENGLAND 8022291 H o l o m a n , V e r n a L a V e r n e A STUDY OF OXYUROID NEMATODE FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND THE USE OF COCKROACHES AS AN INSECT MODEL FOR TESTING ANTHELMINTICS The Ohio Stale University Ph.D. 1980 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 18 Bedford Row, London WC1R 4EJ, England Copyright 1980 by Holoman, Verna LaVerne All Rights Reserved A STUDY OF OXYUROID NEMATODE FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND THE USE OF COCKROACHES AS AN INSECT MODEL FOR TESTING ANTHELMINTICS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Verna LaVerne Holoman, B.S.,-M.S. it it it it s's it * s'c The Ohio State University 1980 Reading 'Committee : Approved by John L. Crites W. Fred Hink Willard C. Myser ferfartment of Zoology TO MY BELOVED PARENTS Mr. g Mrs. William S. Holoman, Sr. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my most sincere appreciation and gratitude to my adviser, Professor John L. Crites, for his unfailing patience, advice, encouragement, and guidance throughout my entire graduate career. His memorable enthusiasm, approach, and expertise have had a profoundly strong influence on me and my interest in the study of nematode parasites. For his understanding, guidance, and support throughout all phases of this investigation, I shall remain extremely grateful. I am also grateful to Drs. Willard C. Myser and W. Fred Hink who, in cooperation with Dr. Crites, were instrumental in the preparation of this manuscript. Their support and understanding during various phases of my Ph.D. program have been invaluable. To Dr. Myser, I should also like to extend added thanks for the help given me throughout my graduate career. Very special thanks go to Mr. John McCabe of the Insect Culturing Laboratory, The Ohio State University, for his consistency and kindness over the years, and for supplying me with large numbers of cockroaches. I am also very grate­ ful to the following individuals for sharing their cockroach iii supplies with me: Dr. Frank W. Fisk, Professor Emeritus, The Ohio State University; Drs. Mary H. Ross and E. C. Turner, Jr., Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Dr. Glen Printy, Boyden Entomological Laboratory, University of California at Riverside; Mrs. JoAnn Alexander, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center; Dr. Barbara Stay, Department of Zoology, University of Iowa; Dr. Margaret Nelson, Section of Neuro­ biology and Behavior, Cornell University; and Mrs. Jeanette Robinson, Entomology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University. To Dr. Patrick Dailey, Department of Zoology, University of Vermont, my thanks for so readily providing me with information on sources and procedures for obtaining specimens of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphado- rhina portentosa). Mr. Norm Milem, Roerig Division of Pfizer Pharmaceuti­ cals? provided me with free samples of the anthelmintic Antiminth, for which I am very thankful. To Dr. Herbert A. Bronstein, Bronstein, Rupp S Associates, M.D.’s, my sincere thanks for being so cooperative and willing to provide me with research drug prescriptions for the anthelmintics Antepar and Antiminth. I am grateful to Dr. Pauline C. Peregrine, University College, Cardiff, Wales, who very willingly shared with me her research results on thelastomatid nematodes in iv cockroaches. Sincere thanks must also be extended to Ms. Janice L. Holoman and Mrs. Vera Turner for their valuable time and assistance in the preparation of the research data for statistical analysis. I am appreciative of the assistance given me by Mr. Nick Teoh of the Statistics Laboratory, The Ohio State University, in the statistical analysis of my experimental data. I would also like to thank Messrs. Ronnie Fowler and Rennie Fowler, and Mrs. Susan M. Mahaney for their coopera­ tion in the stock room during my years of study. Thanks is also extended to Mrs. Mary Jo Blevins and Ms. Mary Malone for all their kindness and assistance during many critical times. It is imperative for me to remember the following professors who helped me in a variety of ways: Drs. John D. Briggs, William J. Collins, Dwight M. DeLong (Professor Emeritus), Michael 0. Garraway, Wayne B. Parrish, Henry L. Plaine (deceased), Loren S. Putnam, and Carl L. Reese (Professor Emeritus). I am especially grateful to Mrs. Charlene M. Taylor for being so kind as to undertake the task of typing this manuscript and for a job well done. Her patience and expertise were invaluable. v I should like to express my appreciation to Ms. Jody LaRaine Grenga for her very timely help in the preparation of the figures included in this manuscript. I wish to thank numerous family and friends col­ lectively for the help, understanding, and encouragement that they gave me during the difficult times. Their individual contributions supplied me with the motivation, strength, and courage to pursue my goal to the very end. Special appreciation goes to Mr. Tawia P. Akrobettoe, Ms. Saundra L. Broadnax, Dr. Emmanuel Christie, Mr. Adison Lovelace, Mr. James Nesbitt, Ms. Joyce E. Smith, Dr. Elizabeth Waldorf, and Dr. Patricia E. White. Finally, to my immediate family, my everlasting appreciation for your love, understanding, moral support, and commitment toward helping me to pursue my goal to the end. vi VITA July 22, 1943........... Born, Ivor, Virginia 1962-1965................ Research Assistant in Phycology, Biology Department, Virginia State College, Petersburg, Virginia 1965......................B.S., with distinction, Virginia State College, Petersburg, Virginia 1965-1968................ Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Zoology and Entomolo­ gy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio June-September, 1966 ....Laboratory Technician, Ohio Division of Wildlife, Columbus, Ohio 1968 ...................... M.S., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1968-1973 ................ Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971-1974................ Information Scientist, Battelle- Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 1974-1977 ................ Research Parasitologist/Ecologist, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 1977-1980................ Graduate Student, Department of Zoology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Woodson, B. R. and V. Holoman. 1964. A systematic and ecological study of algae in Chesterfield County, Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 15:51-70. Woodson, B. R. and V. Holoman. 1965. Additions to fresh­ water algae in Virginia. Va. J. Sci. 17:146-164. Woodson, B. R., V. Holoman, and A. Quick. 1966. Additions to fresh-water algae in Virginia. II. Dinwiddie County. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci,Soc. 82(2):154-159. Holoman, V. L. 1969. Pharnygodon armatus Walton, 193 3 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae); description of the male and redescription of the female. J. Parasitol. 55(4) : 733-736. Kemp, H. T., R. L. Little, V. L. Holoman, and R. L. Darby. 197 3. Water Quality Criteria Data Book - Volume 5. Effects of Chemicals on Aquatic Life. EPA-18050-HLA-09/73. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. 511 p. (PB-234 435, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). Warner, M. L., R. C. Burke, III, G. I. Nehman, G. A. Watkins, S. Chatterjee, V. L. Holoman, and H. Leobowitz. 1975. Energy from Coal: Guidelines for the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements. U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. 246 p. (PB-242
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Aspects About Supella Longipalpa (Blattaria: Blattellidae)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016; 6(12): 1065–1075 1065 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Review article http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.017 New aspects about Supella longipalpa (Blattaria: Blattellidae) Hassan Nasirian* Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (Blattaria: Blattellidae) (S. longipalpa), Received 16 Jun 2015 recently has infested the buildings and hospitals in wide areas of Iran, and this review was Received in revised form 3 Jul 2015, prepared to identify current knowledge and knowledge gaps about the brown-banded 2nd revised form 7 Jun, 3rd revised cockroach. Scientific reports and peer-reviewed papers concerning S. longipalpa and form 18 Jul 2016 relevant topics were collected and synthesized with the objective of learning more about Accepted 10 Aug 2016 health-related impacts and possible management of S. longipalpa in Iran. Like the Available online 15 Oct 2016 German cockroach, the brown-banded cockroach is a known vector for food-borne dis- eases and drug resistant bacteria, contaminated by infectious disease agents, involved in human intestinal parasites and is the intermediate host of Trichospirura leptostoma and Keywords: Moniliformis moniliformis. Because its habitat is widespread, distributed throughout Brown-banded cockroach different areas of homes and buildings, it is difficult to control.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Isolation
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Isolation, Determination of Absolute Stereochemistry, and Asymmetric Synthesis of Insect Methyl-Branched Hydrocarbons A Dissertation submitted in the partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry by Jan Edgar Bello June 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jocelyn G. Millar, Chairperson Dr. Thomas H. Morton Dr. Catharine Larsen Copyright by Jan Edgar Bello 2014 The Dissertation of Jan Edgar Bello is approved: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance, assistance, and support from both my academic and biological families. I would first and foremost like to thank my advisor Professor Jocelyn G. Millar, who has guided me through this rigorous process and has helped me become the chemical ecologist I am today. I would also like to thank my research group Dr. Steve McElfresh, Dr. Yunfan Zou, Dr. Rebeccah Waterworth, R. Max Collignon, Joshua Rodstein, Jackie Serrano, and Brian Hanley for all the suggestions, insect collecting, synthetic discussions, and experimental advise that have allowed me to complete this dissertation. I would like to send a huge thank you to my family who have always believed in me. To my mom and dad, thank you for your encouragement, for loving me, and for your support (both financial and emotional). To my siblings, Jonathan, Michelle, and John-C thank you for your encouragement and for praying for me, especially during the beginning of my PhD studies when things were overwhelming. I would also like to thank my friends, Ryan Neff, Lauren George, Jenifer N.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Insect Trackway from the Upper Jurassic—Lower Cretaceous Eolian Sandstones of São Paulo State, Brazil: Implications for Reconstructing Desert Paleoecology
    A new insect trackway from the Upper Jurassic—Lower Cretaceous eolian sandstones of São Paulo State, Brazil: implications for reconstructing desert paleoecology Bernardo de C.P. e M. Peixoto1,2, M. Gabriela Mángano3, Nicholas J. Minter4, Luciana Bueno dos Reis Fernandes1 and Marcelo Adorna Fernandes1,2 1 Laboratório de Paleoicnologia e Paleoecologia, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Programa de Pós Graduacão¸ em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 3 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 4 School of the Environment, Geography, and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom ABSTRACT The new ichnospecies Paleohelcura araraquarensis isp. nov. is described from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Botucatu Formation of Brazil. This formation records a gigantic eolian sand sea (erg), formed under an arid climate in the south-central part of Gondwana. This trackway is composed of two track rows, whose internal width is less than one-quarter of the external width, with alternating to staggered series, consisting of three elliptical tracks that can vary from slightly elongated to tapered or circular. The trackways were found in yellowish/reddish sandstone in a quarry in the Araraquara municipality, São Paulo State. Comparisons with neoichnological studies and morphological inferences indicate that the producer of Paleohelcura araraquarensis isp. nov. was most likely a pterygote insect, and so could have fulfilled one of the Submitted 6 November 2019 ecological roles that different species of this group are capable of performing in dune Accepted 10 March 2020 deserts.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.New Species of Aspiculuris (Nematoda: Heteroxynematidae
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Falcón-Ordaz, Jorge; Pulido-Flores, Griselda; Monks, Scott New species of Aspiculuris (Nematoda: Heteroxynematidae), parasite of Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae), from Hidalgo, Mexico Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 81, núm. 3, 2010, pp. 669-676 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42518439008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 669 - 676, 2010 New species of Aspiculuris (Nematoda: Heteroxynematidae), parasite of Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae), from Hidalgo, Mexico Una nueva especie de Aspiculuris (Nematoda: Heteroxynematidae), parásito de Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae), de Hidalgo, México Jorge Falcón-Ordaz, Griselda Pulido-Flores and Scott Monks* Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Apartado postal 1-69, 42001 Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. *Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. Aspiculuris huascaensis n. sp. was found in the intestine of Mus musculus collected from 2 localities in Hidalgo, Mexico, and is described herein. The new species possesses cervical alae abruptly interrupted at mid-length of esophageal bulb form an acute angle, distinguishing it from 5 of the 17 species in the genus. The new species is differentiated from 11 of the remaining species by having cervical alae that form an acute angle and end at mid-length of the esophageal bulb.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 It's All Geek to Me: Translating Names Of
    IT’S ALL GEEK TO ME: TRANSLATING NAMES OF INSECTARIUM ARTHROPODS Prof. J. Phineas Michaelson, O.M.P. U.S. Biological and Geological Survey of the Territories Central Post Office, Denver City, Colorado Territory [or Year 2016 c/o Kallima Consultants, Inc., PO Box 33084, Northglenn, CO 80233-0084] ABSTRACT Kids today! Why don’t they know the basics of Greek and Latin? Either they don’t pay attention in class, or in many cases schools just don’t teach these classic languages of science anymore. For those who are Latin and Greek-challenged, noted (fictional) Victorian entomologist and explorer, Prof. J. Phineas Michaelson, will present English translations of the scientific names that have been given to some of the popular common arthropods available for public exhibits. This paper will explore how species get their names, as well as a brief look at some of the naturalists that named them. INTRODUCTION Our education system just isn’t what it used to be. Classic languages such as Latin and Greek are no longer a part of standard curriculum. Unfortunately, this puts modern students of science at somewhat of a disadvantage compared to our predecessors when it comes to scientific names. In the insectarium world, Latin and Greek names are used for the arthropods that we display, but for most young entomologists, these words are just a challenge to pronounce and lack meaning. Working with arthropods, we all know that Entomology is the study of these animals. Sounding similar but totally different, Etymology is the study of the origin of words, and the history of word meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • Vidyodaya J., Sci., (1991) Vol
    Vidyodaya J., Sci., (1991) Vol. 3, No.2, pp. 35-43 A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF DOMICILIARY COCKROACHES AND THEIR OOTHECAL PARASITES IN SRI LANKA N. C. KUMARASINGHE AND JAYANTHI P. EDIRISINGHE Dept. of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Abstract A survey of domiciliary cockroaches and their oothecal parasites was carried out in 17 districts. The study was based on empty and live cockroach oothecae collected from dwelling houses. Five species of cockroaches; Periplaneta americana (L.) Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll) Periplaneta australasiae (F.) Supella longfpalpa (F.) and Blatella germanica (L.) were found frequenting houses. Of them, P. american a was the most abundant and widely distributed species, while B. germanlca was the least abundant species. P. americana and N. rhombifolia were present in all but one district, while P. australaslae and S. longipalpa were confined to 12 and 08 districts respectively. Mannar district was peculiar in that only one domiciliary species, N. rhombifolia was recorded from there. Only two species of oothecal parasites, Tetrastlchus hagenowli (Ratz.) and Evania appendlgaster (L.) were encountered during the study. Each of these parasite species was characterized by the size of the emergence hole they made in cockroach oothecae. Thus on the basis of the emergence hole alone it was possible to categorize the empty oothecae as being parasitized. Of the oothecae, those of P. americana and P. australiasae were parasitized by both species of parasites, while oothecae of N. rhombifolla was parasitized by T. hagenowii only. Oothecae of S. longipalpa and B. germanica were not parasitii- zed at all. There appears to be a great paucity in the oothecal parasite fauna of Sri Lanka, compared to India where eight species of hymenopterans are known to parasitize oothecae of domiciliary cockroaches.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Denver, CO
    Entomological Collections Network Annual Meeting Saturday, November 4 – Sunday, November 5, 2017 Denver Convention Center, Denver, CO Saturday, November 4, 2017 Denver Convention Center, Meeting Room 607 7:00–8:10 am Registration and Coffee 8:10–8:15 am Welcome and Announcements CONTRIBUTED TALKS SESSION 1 Moderator: Andrew B.T. Smith, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON, CANADA Timekeeper: Mark Metz, USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA 8:15–8:27 am Rancho La Brea Insects: Recent Methodological Advances Enable Diverse Lines of Research of the Most Extensive Quaternary Insect Collection Anna Holden (1,2,3), John Southon (4), Kipling Will (5), Matthew Kirby (6), Rolf Aalbu (7) & Molly Markey (8) (1) American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY, USA; (2) La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, Los Angeles, CA, USA; (3) Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA; (4) UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; (5) University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; (6) California State, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA; (7) California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; (8) AIR Worldwide, Boston, MA, USA While the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits (RLB) constitutes the richest Ice Age locality and famous for its vast collection of large extinct mammals and birds, its insect collection is even more extensive yet has remained understudied. A persistent problem with stratigraphic correlation at this site is that asphalt flows are characteristically intermittent and discontinuous, which can result in the mixing fossils of significantly different ages. New methods of AMS radiocarbon dating of insect chitin in combination with georeferenced- based climate extraction methods circumvent this lack of stratigraphy and increasing the significance of RLB insects as paleoenvironmental indicators by enabling placement of insects’ climate restrictions along a chronology for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Symbiosis of the Millipede Parasitic
    Nagae et al. BMC Ecol Evo (2021) 21:120 BMC Ecology and Evolution https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01851-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Symbiosis of the millipede parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea with evolutionary diferent origins Seiya Nagae1, Kazuki Sato2, Tsutomu Tanabe3 and Koichi Hasegawa1* Abstract Background: How various host–parasite combinations have been established is an important question in evolution- ary biology. We have previously described two nematode species, Rhigonema naylae and Travassosinema claudiae, which are parasites of the xystodesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Rhigonema naylae belongs to the superfamily Rhigonematoidea, which exclusively consists of parasites of millipedes. T. claudiae belongs to the superfamily Thelastomatoidea, which includes a wide variety of species that parasitize many invertebrates. These nematodes were isolated together with a high prevalence; however, the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and eco- logical relationships between these two parasitic nematodes and between hosts and parasites are not well known. Results: We collected nine species (11 isolates) of xystodesmid millipedes from seven locations in Japan, and found that all species were co-infected with the parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea spp. and Thelastomatoidea spp. We found that the infection prevalence and population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were higher than those of Thelastomatoidea spp. However, the population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were not negatively afected by co-infection with Thelastomatoidea spp., suggesting that these parasites are not competitive. We also found a positive correlation between the prevalence of parasitic nematodes and host body size. In Rhigonematoidea spp., combina- tions of parasitic nematode groups and host genera seem to be fxed, suggesting the evolution of a more specialized interaction between Rhigonematoidea spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) Emodensis Sp. N
    Zootaxa 4514 (1): 065–076 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4514.1.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C9C5FC4C-4402-4FA0-BBE7-0814172BE2C0 Description of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) emodensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) collected from Central Himalayan langur, Semnopithecus schistaceus, in Uttarakhand, India HIDEO HASEGAWA1,4, HIMANI NAUTIYAL2, MIZUKI SASAKI3 & MICHAEL A. HUFFMAN2 1Department of Biomedicine / Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879–5593, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 2Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 3Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new pinworm species, Enterobius (Colobenterobius) emodensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is described from the Central Himalayan langur, Semnopithecus schistaceus, in Mandal Valley, Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, India, based on mature and immature adults and fourth-stage larvae. This species closely resembles Enterobius (Colobenterobius) zakiri parasitic in Tarai langur, Semnopithecus hector, recorded from Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, India, but is readily distin- guished by having a shorter esophagus and a shorter spicule. It is surmised that this pinworm has co-speciated with the host langur. The new species is also characterized in that the posterior 1/3 of the esophageal corpus is much darker. Phy- logenetic analysis based on the sequences of partial Cox1 gene of mtDNA suggested a basal position of diversification of Colobenterobius from the Enterobius lineage.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetics, Community of Parasites, and Resistance to Rodenticides in an Urban Brown Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Population
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Population genetics, community of parasites, and resistance to rodenticides in an urban brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) population AmeÂlie Desvars-Larrive1, Michel Pascal2², Patrick Gasqui3, Jean-FrancËois Cosson4,5, Etienne BenoõÃt6, Virginie Lattard6, Laurent Crespin3, Olivier Lorvelec2, BenoõÃt Pisanu7, Alexandre TeynieÂ3, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat4, Sarah Bonnet4, Philippe Marianneau8, Sandra Lacoà te8, Pascale Bourhy9, Philippe Berny6, Nicole Pavio10, Sophie Le Poder10, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont11, Elsa Jourdain3, Abdessalem Hammed6, Isabelle Fourel6, Farid Chikh12, GwenaeÈl Vourc'h3* a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Conservation Medicine, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria, 2 Joint Research Unit (JRU) E cologie et Sante des E cosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la a1111111111 Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France, 3 Joint Research Unit (JRU) a1111111111 EpideÂmiologie des Maladies Animales et Zoonotiques (EPIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, a1111111111 INRA, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France, 4 Joint Research Unit (JRU) Biologie MoleÂculaire et Immunologie Parasitaire (BIPAR), Agence Nationale de SeÂcurite Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Ecole Nationale VeÂteÂrinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Maisons-Alfort, France, 5 Joint Research Unit (JRU) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP), Centre de CoopeÂration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le DeÂveloppement (CIRAD), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Institut OPEN ACCESS de Recherche pour le DeÂveloppement (IRD), SupAgro Montpellier, France, 6 Contract-based Research Unit (CBRU) Rongeurs Sauvages±Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations (RS2GP), VetAgro Sup, Citation: Desvars-Larrive A, Pascal M, Gasqui P, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, Lyon University, Marcy-L'Etoile, France, 7 Unite Cosson J-F, BenoõÃt E, Lattard V, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Context Modulates Idiosyncrasy of Behaviour in the Gregarious Cockroach Blaberus Discoidalis
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/028571; this version posted October 8, 2015. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Crall, Souffrant, Akandwanaho & Hescock, et al. 2015 – preprint version Social context modulates idiosyncrasy of behaviour in the gregarious cockroach Blaberus discoidalis James D. Crall1,2,*, André D. Souffrant1,*, Dominic Akandwanaho1,*, Sawyer D. Hescock1,*, Sarah E. Callan1,†, W. Melissa Coronado1,†, Maude W. Baldwin1, Benjamin L. de Bivort1,3,‡ 1 – Dept. of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 2 – Concord Field Station, Harvard University, Bedford, MA 01730, USA. 3 – Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. * These authors contributed equally. † These authors contributed equally. ‡ Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Individuals are different, but they can work together to perform adaptive collective behaviours. Despite emerging evidence that individual variation strongly affects group performance, it is less clear to what extent individual variation is modulated by participation in collective behaviour. We examined light avoidance (negative phototaxis) in the gregarious cockroach Blaberus discoidalis, in both solitary and group contexts. Cockroaches in groups exhibit idiosyncratic light-avoidance performance that persists across days, with some individual cockroaches avoiding a light stimulus 75% of the time, and others avoiding the light just above chance (i.e. ~50% of the time). These individual differences are robust to group composition. Surprisingly, these differences do not persist when individuals are tested in isolation, but return when testing is once again done with groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Movement of Plastic-Baled Garbage and Regulated (Domestic) Garbage from Hawaii to Landfills in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington
    Movement of Plastic-baled Garbage and Regulated (Domestic) Garbage from Hawaii to Landfills in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Final Biological Assessment, February 2008 Table of Contents I. Introduction and Background on Proposed Action 3 II. Listed Species and Program Assessments 28 Appendix A. Compliance Agreements 85 Appendix B. Marine Mammal Protection Act 150 Appendix C. Risk of Introduction of Pests to the Continental United States via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii. 159 Appendix D. Risk of Introduction of Pests to Washington State via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii 205 Appendix E. Risk of Introduction of Pests to Oregon via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii. 214 Appendix F. Risk of Introduction of Pests to Idaho via Municipal Solid Waste from Hawaii. 233 2 I. Introduction and Background on Proposed Action This biological assessment (BA) has been prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to evaluate the potential effects on federally-listed threatened and endangered species and designated critical habitat from the movement of baled garbage and regulated (domestic) garbage (GRG) from the State of Hawaii for disposal at landfills in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Specifically, garbage is defined as urban (commercial and residential) solid waste from municipalities in Hawaii, excluding incinerator ash and collections of agricultural waste and yard waste. Regulated (domestic) garbage refers to articles generated in Hawaii that are restricted from movement to the continental United States under various quarantine regulations established to prevent the spread of plant pests (including insects, disease, and weeds) into areas where the pests are not prevalent.
    [Show full text]