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IN CUSTODY: People Imprisoned for Counterrevolutionary and State Security Crimes

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IN CUSTODY: People Imprisoned for Counterrevolutionary and State Security Crimes IN CUSTODY: People imprisoned for counterrevolutionary and state security crimes Following are two lists of political prison- Democracy Party had been given long geted at various times. The prisoners have ers. The first group includes prisoners prison sentences on subversion charges been roughly grouped according to the currently incarcerated for counterrevolu- since 1998. activity for which they were imprisoned tionary crimes, which were eliminated Similarly, it should be noted that the (with some inevitable overlap), and by date from China's criminal code in 1997. The second list of state security detainees of arrest within those categories. second list includes persons imprisoned does not contain many prisoners from These lists may provide useful details for crimes against state security, which Tibet. This is not because of a lack of for appeals to Chinese officials to release replaced counterrevolutionary crimes arrest of Tibetans for political reasons, certain prisoners or to refrain from arrest- in 1997. but because details of arrests and trials ing more. It should be noted that many of Neither list is exhaustive. For example, are not available. The Tibetan Centre for the prisoners on this list are suffering in 2000 Chinese officials stated that Human Rights and Democracy reported from serious health problems and abusive around 1,300 persons remained in prison 40 new detainees in the year 2002. It can prison conditions, quite apart from the for counterrevolutionary crimes. The U.S. be safely assumed that a significant routine debilitating effects of lengthy State Department, in its 2002 human number of these arrests were on allega- incarceration. rights report on China, quote "credible tions of state security crimes such as Abbreviations: CCP - Chinese sources" as estimating that as many as separatist activities. Communist Party; CDP - China Democracy 2,000 people are still in prison for their Although the lack of detailed official Party; CFDP - China Freedom and participation in the 1989 democracy move- information makes a comprehensive com- Democracy Party; FLUC - Free Labor Union ment. As for post-1997 state security pilation impossible, these lists do give of China; PSB - Public Security Bureau; RTL crimes, the State Department reported some indication of the kinds of political - Reeducation Through Labor; WAF - that at least 38 leaders of the China activities that Chinese authorities have tar- Workers Autonomous Federation Prisoners currently in prison for counterrevolutionary crimes NAME CITY DATE OF REASON SENTENCE OFFENSE PRISON DETENTION/ ARREST 1989 DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT Yu Hunan May 23, 1989 b. 1963. Yu, along with Yu Zhijian Aug 11, 1989, counterrevolutionary Hunan # 1 Dongyue and Lu Decheng, was arrested for 20 years sabotage and incite- Prison throwing paint at the portrait of Mao ment hanging over Tiananmen Square. Yu Zhijian and Lu Decheng have com- pleted their prison terms and been released. Yu's term was subse- quently reduced by 2 years. Chang Unknown June 4, 1989 b. 1964. A worker, Chang is alleged Life counterrevolutionary Beijing # 2 Jingqiang to have assaulted a police officer at injury and sabotage Prison Tiananmen Square. NAME CITY DATE OF REASON SENTENCE OFFENSE PRISON DETENTION/ ARREST NO.2, 2003 Chang Unknown June 1, 1989 b. 1958. Originally sen- Life counterrevolutionary Beijing #2 Yongjie tenced to death, later com- sabotage, counter- Prison muted to life in prison. revolutionary propa- ganda and incite- ment and robbery Miao Unknown June 4, 1989 Originally sentenced to Life counterrevolutionary Beijing #2 Deshun death, later commuted to arson Prison life in prison. CHINA RIGHTS FORUM 89 Xiong Sichuan May 5, 1989 A 21-year-old businessman, May 7, 1989, counterrevolutionary Changping Xiong was arrested with his 15 years propaganda and teenage female companion, incitement Duan Quan, after they deliv- ered speeches at Chongqing University to rouse the students. REGULAR FEATURES Duan Quan Sichuan May 5, 1989 See Xiong Changping May 7, 1989, counterrevolutionary 15 years propaganda and incitement Zhao Unknown June 4, 1989 A worker, aged 30 at time of 1989, Life counterrevolutionary Beijing #2 Suoran arrest. sabotage Prison Jiao Zhijin Liaoning June 13, 1989 A salesman, Jiao was 15 years organizing a counter- arrested in Dalian, revolutionary group Liaoning, and accused of helping distribute counter- revolutionary materials to other Chinese cities, as well as of forming an opposition party with Zheng Jinli. Liu Chunan Hunan December During the 1989 pro-democ- Mar 1990, counterrevolutionary Longxi Prison 1989 racy protests Liu allegedly 15 years espionage "stirred up chaos and radioed information about the chaos to a Taiwanese spy organization." Li Zhixin Beijing June 1989 Participant in 1989 democ- life counterrevolutionary Beijing #2 racy movement. sabotage and arson Prison NAME CITY DATE OF REASON SENTENCE OFFENSE PRISON DETENTION/ ARREST Song Kai Beijing June 17, 1989 Participant in 1989 democracy life counterrevolutionary Beijing # 2 movement. injury Prison Wang Beijing June 4, 1989 Participant in 1989 democracy Dec 1989, life counterrevolutionary Beijing # 2 Jiaxiang movement. Wang, a worker, sabotage Prison was initially sentenced to death with a 2-year reprieve, but the sentence was commut- ed to life in 1993 Wu Chunqi Beijing June 1989 Participant in 1989 democracy life counterrevolutionary Beijing # 2 movement. sabotage and arson Prison Zhu Beijing June 4, 1989 Participant in 1989 democracy life counterrevolutionary Beijing # 2 Gengsheng movement. Zhu was initially sabotage, arson and Prison sentenced to death, but the propaganda sentence was commuted to life. Sun Fujian September A civil servant. Participant in Dec 21, 1989, counterrevolutionary Xiongying 1989 1989 democracy movement. 18 years activities Chen Jiahu Guizhou August 1989, During the 1989 pro-democra- 15 years counterrevolutionary Zhun Yi formally arrest- cy protests, Chen was arrest- subversion Prison ed September ed with 12 others for allegedly 1989 forming a China Savior Party. Li Xingfu Guizhou August 1989 See Chen Jiahu. Li was Jul 1990, 15 organizing a counter- Zhun Yi detained with Chen Jiahu and years revolutionary group Prison accused of possessing coun- terrevolutionary materials. Li Xinghua Guizhou June 1989, Li, a farmer, was accused of Sep 1990, life counterrevolutionary Guiyang formally arrest- organizing the People's rebellion and gather- Prison ed September Solidarity Party in the winter of ing people to make 1990 1988, and of planning military weapons activities after the June 1989 crackdown. NAME CITY DATE OF REASON SENTENCE OFFENSE PRISON DETENTION/ ARREST NO.2, 2003 Lu Xin Hunan June 1989 A student, Lu allegedly supplied Sep 1989, 15 counterrevolutionary matches used to burn a car dur- years sabotage ing protests in Shaoyang in June 1989. Liu Gang Shaanxi Liu was one of five people sen- Aug 1, 1989, participating in tenced for involvement in vio- life counterrevolutionary lent clashes in Xi'an on April 21- riots CHINA RIGHTS FORUM 22, 1989. Three of the others were charged with hooliganism or other violent criminal offens- 91 es. Li Yujun (Li Beijing June 1, 1989 Participant in 1989 democracy life counterrevolutionary Beijing No. Yujin) movement. sabotage 2 Prison REGULAR FEATURES Wu Jianwei Hunan June 1989 Participant in 1989 democracy 14 years counterrevolutionary movement. propaganda and incitement Jiang Unknown June 4, 1989 Participant in 1989 democracy life counterrevolutionary Beijing No. Yaqun movement. Originally sentenced sabotage, counter- 2 Prison to death, but later commuted to revolutionary arson life. Tang Yong Shaanxi April 22, A manual laborer, Tang allegedly Sep 23, 1989, counterrevolutionary Beijing No. 1989, for- participated in riots in Xi'an. life propaganda and 2 Prison mally arrest- incitement ed July 12, 1989 Liang Beijing June 11, Cadre at Beijing Light Vehicle Jan 1990, 15 counterrevolutionary Beijing #2 Qiang 1989 Company and member of years propaganda and Prison. Due Beijing WAF. Arrested for writing incitement for release "reactionary" articles for Beijing May 2004 WAF and Beijing Students Autonomous Federation during the 1989 protests. NAME CITY DATE OF REASON SENTENCE OFFENSE PRISON DETENTION/ ARREST ETHNIC MINORITIES Namat Xinjiang During demonstrations in Moyu Apr 1991, 15 counterrevolutionary Abdumat and Yutian in April 1990 years propaganda and (Namadi Namat, along with two others, incitement Abudoumadi) put up posters criticizing the Party and its family planning policies. Namat was also accused of setting fire to a fam- ily planning office. The two oth- ers, Abul Emil and Balat Niyaz Mohammet Tohti, received three year sentences. Ngawang Tibet Mar 10, 1989 A caretaker monk at the Potala Dec 6, 1989, counterrevolutionary Chamtsul Palace, Ngawang was addition- 15 years propaganda and (Loyak) ally charged with "collecting incitement intelligence for the enemy abroad" and "jeopardizing national unity." Ngawang Tibet April 16, A monk at Drepung Monastery, Nov 30, 1989, organizing a counter- Drapchi Phulchung 1989 and allegedly a leader of 19 years revolutionary group Prison protests by monks supporting Tibetan independence. One of eleven Tibetans tried at a mass public meeting. Ngawang Tibet April 16, See Ngawang Phulchung Nov 30, 1989, Drapchi Oezer 1989 17 years Prison (Jamyang) Jampel Tibet April 16, See Ngawang Phulchung Nov 30, 1989, espionage Khedrup 1989 18 years (Kelsang Thutop) Jampel Tibet April 1989, See Ngawang Phulchung Nov 30, 1989, participating in a Drapchi
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