Bauchi State Government

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BAUCHI STATE GOVERNMENT

BAUCHI STATE WATER AND SEWERAGE CORPORATION

THIRD NATIONAL URBAN WATER SECTOR REFORM PROJECT (NUWSRP3)-BAUCHI STATE

FINAL REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA)

FOR THE

CONSTRUCTION OF 7000m3 CONCRETE RESERVOIR AT BUZAYE HILL

MAY 2019

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

BASEPA Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency BSME Bauchi State Ministry of Environment BSWSC Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation CSO Civil Society Organization EHS Environmental, Health Safety ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment FPMU Federal Project Management Unit GRA Government Reservation Area LGA Local Government Area M3 Cubic Metre M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NGO Non-Governmental Organization NUWSRP National Urban Water Sector Reform Project OP Operational Policy PAD Project Appraisal Document PDO Project Development Objectives PIM Project Implementation Manual PIU Project Implementation Unit SPIU State Project Implementation Unit ToR Terms of Reference UN United Nation WHO World Health Organization WB World Bank WSS Water Supply and Sanitation

Table of Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...... II LIST OF FIGURES ...... VIII LIST OF PLATES...... VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... IX

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ...... XIV CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND ...... 1 1.2 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES (PDO) ...... 2 1.3 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 2 1.4 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 2 1.5 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ...... 4 1.5.1 Justification for the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State ...... 4 1.5.2 Justification for the Proposed Concrete Reservoir ...... 4 1.5.3 Other Envisaged Justification ...... 4 1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE ESIA ...... 5 1.7 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 6 CHAPTER TWO: INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 7

2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 7 2.2 NIGERIAN INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS ...... 7 2.2.1 Federal Ministry of Environment ...... 7 2.2.2 National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency ...... 7 2.2.3 Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR) ...... 7 2.2.4 National Water Resources Institute (NWRI)...... 8 2.2.5 Nigeria Integrated Water Resources Management Commission (NIWRMC) ...... 8 2.2.6 Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA) ...... 8 2.2.7 Bauchi State Ministry of Water Resources ...... 8 2.2.8 Bauchi State Water and Sewage Corporation...... 9 2.2.9 Bauchi State Ministry of Environment ...... 9 2.2.10 Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) ...... 10 2.2.11 Bauchi Local Government Area (LGA) ...... 10 2.3 RELEVANT NIGERIAN GUIDELINES, POLICIES AND LEGAL PROVISIONS ...... 10 2.3.1 Environmental and Social (E&S) Safeguard Policies and Legal Provisions ...... 10 2.3.2 Nigerian Water Sector Policies and Legal Provisions ...... 13 2.4 WORLD BANK GROUP ...... 14 2.4.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies ...... 14 2.4.2 World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines ...... 14 2.5 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 15 CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION ...... 16

3.1 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 16 3.2 OVERVIEW OF NUWSRP-3 IN BAUCHI STATE ...... 17 3.3 OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 20 3.4 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ...... 21 3.5 MAJOR INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ...... 23

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3.5.1 Equipment and Machineries ...... 23 3.5.2 Raw Materials ...... 23 3.5.3 Water ...... 23 3.5.4 Energy ...... 24 3.5.5 Personnel ...... 24 3.5.6 Waste ...... 24 CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ...... 25

4.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 25 4.2 THE PROJECT AREA OF INFLUENCE ...... 25 4.3 DATA ACQUISITION APPROACH AND METHODS ...... 25 Field Data Gathering and in-situ Measurements ...... 25 Laboratory Analysis ...... 26 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 26 4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology ...... 26 4.4.2 Ambient Air ...... 26 4.4.3 Soils ...... 29 4.4.4 Groundwater ...... 34 4.4.5 Geology and Hydrogeology ...... 38 4.4.6 Ecology ...... 39 4.4.7 Socioeconomics ...... 42 CHAPTER FIVE: PROJECT ALTERNATIVES AND OPTIONS ...... 52

5.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 52 5.2 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING RESERVOIR VS CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW ONE ...... 52 5.3 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES ...... 52 5.3.1 Water Supply through Motorised/ Hand Pump Boreholes ...... 52 5.3.2 Water Supply Through Mobile Water Tankers ...... 53 5.3.3 Water Supply Through Construction of Reservoir and Pipe Laying ...... 53 5.4 TYPES OF RESERVOIR ...... 53 5.4.1 Steel Reservoir ...... 53 5.4.2 Reinforced Fibreglass Reservoir ...... 54 5.4.3 Reinforced Concrete Reservoir ...... 54 5.5 DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS ...... 54 5.5.1 No Project Development ...... 54 5.5.2 Delayed Project Development ...... 55 5.5.3 Immediate Project Development ...... 55 CHAPTER SIX: POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ...... 56

6.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 56 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 59 6.4 DECOMMISSIONING PLAN ...... 68 6.4.1 Decommissioning and Abandonment Process ...... 68 6.4.2 Envisaged Impacts of Decommissioning Activities ...... 68 6.4.3 Site Remediation and Restoration/Re-vegetation ...... 68 CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 69

7.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 69 7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ...... 69

7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ...... 69 7.4 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...... 71 7.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 71 7.5.1 Training, Awareness and Competence ...... 71 7.5.2 Monitoring and Reporting ...... 73 ◼ Monitoring Activities ...... 73 ◼ Reporting Procedures ...... 74 7.5.3 Record Keeping and Control...... 74 7.5.4 Implementation Schedule ...... 74 7.6 CONTRACTUAL MEASURES ...... 75 7.7 COST ESTIMATES FOR ESIA/ESMP IMPLEMENTATION ...... 75 7.8 ESIA DISCLOSURES ...... 76 7.9 WASTE STREAMS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 92 CHAPTER EIGHT: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 94

8.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 94 8.2: OVERVIEW OF CONSULTATIONS CONDUCTED ...... 94 8.3 STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT ...... 98 8.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN AND STRATEGIES ...... 98 CHAPTER NINE: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 100

9.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 100 FINANCING OF THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM AND COST OF REMEDIATION ...... 103 CHAPTER TEN: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 104

10.1 CONCLUSIONS ...... 104 10.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 104 REFERENCES ...... 106 APPENDIX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 107 APPENDIX 2: GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION ACTION PLAN ...... 114 APPENDIX 3: RESULT OF SAMPLE PARAMTERS ...... 118 APPENDIX 4: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC & HEALTH SURVEY ...... 122 APPENDIX 5: PROJECT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) PLAN ...... 126 APPENDIX 6: GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS ...... 131 APPENDIX 7: ATTENDANCE AT CONSULTATIONS ...... 137 APPENDIX 8: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS HELD WITH STAKEHOLDERS ...... 141 APPENDIX 9: TEMPLATE FOR EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN FOR CCONSTRUCTION SITES 148 INTRODUCTION ...... 148 CONTENTS ...... 148

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION/ASSESSMENT ...... 148 EMERGENCY RESOURCES ...... 149 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ...... 149 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURE ...... 149

COMMUNICATION AND REVIEW ...... 149 POST-EMERGENCY ...... 149 APPENDIX 10: SAMPLE EMPLOYEE CODE OF CONDUCT POLICY ...... 150

List of Tables Table 1.1: Result of Economic Analysis for NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State……………………………6 Table 2.1: Other relevant national environmental protection regulations……………………………14 Table 2.4: International Treaties and Conventions on Environment to which Nigeria is a Party……17 Table 3.1: Proposed Project Phases and Major Activities……………………………………………23 Table 3.2: Estimate of major materials for construction……………………………………………..25 Table 4.1: Air quality parameters and Noise Level in the study area………………………..………..30 Table 4.2: WHO Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level Guidelines……………….………………...31 Table 4.3: Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area……………………….………..………32 Table 4.4: Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area…………………..……34 Table 4.5: Physical, Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Groundwater…………………..…...39 Table 4.6: Floristic Composition of Buzaye Hill………………………………………………...…44 Table 4.7: Demographic Attributes of Respondents in project Areas……………………………...46 Table 4.8 Demographic Attributes of Respondents in project Areas………………..……………...47 Table 4.9: Expenditure Pattern on Key Items…………………………………………...... 49 Table 4.10: More Details on Expenditure Pattern on Key Items………………………..………….49 Table 4.11: Source of Water……………………………………………..……………..…………..50 Table 4.12: Average Quantity of Water Demand by Households…..……………………..……..…50 Table 4.13: Willingness to Pay for Water…………………………..………………………..….….50 Table 4.14: Minimum Amount Willing to Pay…………………..…………………….……..….…50 Table 4.15 Type of Toilet Facilities………………………………..…………………………..…...51 Table 4.16: Method of Disposal of Household Waste…………………………………………..…51 Table 4.17: Type of Shelter where Respondents Live……………………………………………...51 Table 4.18: Vulnerability Status in Households…………………………………………..….……..52 Table 6.1(a): Potential Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts ………………………………..57 Table 6.1 (b): Potential Positive Environmental and Social Impacts………………………………..58 Table 6.2: Mitigation and Enhancement Measures………………………………………...……….65 Table 7.1: Roles and Responsibility of Institutions…………………………………………..…...... 73 Table 7.2: Contractor’s Training Programme …………………………………………………..….76 Table 7.3: Proposed Training Program for the Implementation of ESMP……………………….....76 Table 7.4: Internal and External Monitoring…………………………………………………….…77 Table 7.5: Reporting Procedures………………………………………………………………..….78 Table 7.6: Tentative ESIA Implementation Schedule………………………………………………78 Table 7.7: Contractual Measures……………………………………………………………..……..79 Table 7.8: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of ESMP……………………………………79 Table 7.9: Disclosure procedure……………………………………………………………………80 Table 7.10: Environmental and Social Mitigation and Monitoring Plan………………………….…81 Table 7.11: Potential Waste Streams and Management……………………………….…………….95 Table 8.1: Summary of Consultation with Project Communities ……………………….……...... 95 Table 8.2: Consultation with Ministry of Environment………………………………………...... 96 Table 8.3: Consultation with Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency……...... 96 Table 8.4: Consultations with Women…….………………………….…………………………..98 Table 8.5: Consultations with Water Vendors …………………………...... 98 Table 8.6: Stakeholder Engagement Plan……………………………………………………..…105

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List of Figures Figure 1.1: Administrative map of Bauchi state showing project location ……………………………3 Figure 3.1: Map showing the locations of Gubi dam and water treatment plant…………...... 20 Figure 3.2: Map showing the locations for the proposed concrete reservoir and pipe network………21 Figure 3.1: Overview of the Project showing Location of Concrete Reservoir at Buzaye Hill...... 22 Figure 3.2: Sections of the Proposed Concrete Reservoir at Buzaye Hill…………………...……...... 22 Figure 3.3: Plan View of the Reservoir Footings……………………………………….………….....23 Figure 3.4: Plan View of the Concrete Reservoir Base Slab……………………………….…………23 Figure 4.1: Map showing project site and locations of in-situ air quality & noise level measurement....30 Figure 4.2: Map showing the project site and locations of soil sampling……………………………..33 Figure 4.3: Map showing the project site and locations of groundwater sampling …………………...37 Figure 4.4: Vegetation map of Nigeria …...……………………………………………………….....42 Figure 4.5: Governance Structure in the Project Community…………………….……………….....43 Figure 4.6: Age Brackets of Respondents…………………………………………………………..44 Figure 4.7: Marital Status of Respondents………………………………………………………….44 Figure 4.8: Average Number of Wives Per Man in the Project Area……………………………….45 Figure 4.9: Type/Level of Education………………………………………………………………46 Figure 4.10: Occupational Pattern of Respondents…………………………………………………47 Figure 4.11: Income Pattern in the Project Area……………………………………………………47 Figure 4.12: Expenditure Pattern on Key Items…………………………………………………….48 Figure 4.13: Source of Drinking Water in the Project Area…………………………………………49 Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement for ESMP Implementation………………….…………….…75

List of Plates Plate 3.1: Existing Old and Leaking Steel Reservoir on Buzaye Hill……………………………..18 Plate 3.2: The rocky Buzaye Hill with Few Trees and Vegetation Growing in the Rock Crevices..18 Plate 4.1: Chloris Species (Rhode grass)………………………….…………………………...... 43 Plate 4.4: Bombax ceiba (Cotton)……………………………………………………………..…43 Plate 4.5: Terminalia glaucescens (Bauche)…………………………...……………………...... 44 Plate 4.6: Ficus sp (Fig)……………………………………………………………………….…44 Plate 4.8: Crotalaria sp (Smooth rattlebox)………………………………………………….…....44 Plate 4.7: Euphorbia aphylla……………………………………………………………………...44

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES 1: Background The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) has secured financing from the World Bank toward the cost of the Third National Urban Water Sector Reform Project (NUWSRP-3) to rehabilitate and build infrastructure needed to increase access to water supply services to populations in selected cities and urban centres in three selected states; Bauchi, Ekiti, and Rivers States in Nigeria. The successful implementation of the NUWSRP-3 project will increase access to improved water supply service by strengthening existing infrastructure and constructing new water supply and distribution facilities in the selected States in Nigeria.

The NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State is being implemented by the Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation (BSWSC) through a State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU). The NUWSRP-3 activities in Bauchi State is to resolve the existing water shortages in areas currently being served by BSWSC in Bauchi city by improving and strengthening the existing water supply infrastructure in the state. Specifically, the sub-project under consideration is concerned with the construction of a 7000m3 Concrete Reservoir capacity at Buzaye Hill. The construction will essentially entail civil works which has the potential to generate environmental and social safeguards concerns thus triggering the World Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment). Consequently, the ESIA is required to address the triggered policies on the project (detailed in section 2.4.1) as well as environmental and social risks and impacts likely to result from project implementation.

ES 2: Project Activities The proposed activities of the project include: • Demolition and Site Clearance: dismantling of existing reservoir structure and removal of trees and vegetation on the location for the new reservoir. • Earthworks: including excavation for foundations, filling and compaction, landscaping, concrete mixing for reinforced concrete (for base, footings, ground slabs, column and beams as well as reservoir walls). • Metal Works (Pipe works): connection and welding of prefabricated pipes including epoxy coated and lined inlet pipes, outlet pipes, drain and overflow pipes. • Construction of Pipe Supports and Ancillaries: concrete chambers, stools and thrust blocks to support and protect pipes. • Water proofing Works: installation of prefabricated three-layer roofing to protect the reservoir. • Fencing: construction of perimeter block wall fencing with anti-corrosive, age resistant galvanized chain-link fence. • Testing and Commissioning: filling the reservoir with water and testing the integrity of the structures and walls and commissioning of the facility.

ES 3: Project Location The proposed 7,000m3 capacity reinforced concrete reservoir will be located on Buzaye Hill along Bendel Road within the new GRA in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi LGA in Bauchi State. The project area is about 1.8 hectares bounded by four points with the following coordinates N10.31364, E9.80370; N10.31336, E9.80147; N10.31281, E9.80163; and N10.31221, E9.80281.

ES 4: Need for the Project Population growth in Bauchi State is accompanied with increased demand for infrastructure and services especially water and sanitation and waste management. According to a survey conducted by WaterAid in 2018, about 65% of Bauchi State residents lack access to clean water with only 13% of households having such access within their premises. This may not be unconnected with the fact that BSWSC currently covers 19% of the population of which only 13% have water connections. Others are supplied through alternative means including standpipes, boreholes and water tankers.

Even for the few people with water connections, the average water supply does not exceed 7 hours daily due to poor status of the network. It is increasingly difficult for the current water supply facilities and capacity to meet the residents demand for domestic water. The replacement of the existing 876m3 steel reservoir with a much bigger 7,000m3 as part of the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State will enhance the achievement of the overall objectives of the project. It is also envisaged that the construction of this 7,000m3 concrete reservoir will facilitate water supply to teeming Bauchi populace and thus have beneficial impacts on women, children and households in general with attendant improvement in health and hygiene.

ES 5: Baseline Description • Biophysical Environment The study area is in the North East region of Nigeria and falls within the semi-arid climatic zone characterised by two seasonal periods, the dry and wet seasons. The dry season, spanning about five months, is usually from November to March, while the wet season, which is the dominant season, occurs from the months of April to October with peak periods usually in the month of August when the mean monthly rainfall can be up to an average of 321mm. The project region is situated in the tropical zone where the average range of sunshine hours is between 5.25 hours per day in July to about 7.68 hours per day in December. The mean monthly maximum temperature of the study area is between 29.7C – 37.20C with the hottest period usually occurring in the months of March and April. The mean monthly minimum temperature ranged between 13.6C – 23.70C with the lowest mean monthly temperature recorded in the month of December.

The results of air quality measurement in the project area show a general trend of acceptable values against WHO standards as most of the pollutants measured including NH3, SO2, NO2 and CO were below acceptable guideline values while H2S and VOC were not detected in all the locations sampled. This is despite anthropogenic activities such as usage of generators and movement of vehicles and motorcycles around the area at the time of measurement. The only air quality issue observed in the area relates to particulate matter (dust). The concentration of particulate matter ranged from 31 - 54 μg/m3 thus exceeding the WHO guideline value of 50 μg/m3 for residential receptors in two locations in the study area.

The soils in the study area are predominantly sandy in nature with particles of varying aggregates ranging from very fine sand to very coarse sand. However, the soil texture is predominantly sandy loam with medium, light, fine and loose particles thereby making the soils very porous, highly permeable and well aerated. The porosity of the soils ranged from 30.56 – 82.86% while its permeability ranged from 0.07 – 0.15g/cm3. For groundwater, results of the analysis showed that most of the parameters measured in samples taken from all the 4 sampling points were within the WHO guideline value for drinking water except for pH. The pH values recorded ranged from 5.6 to

6.0 indicating the water sources were of slight acidity. These values fall below the threshold of 6.5 – 8.0 set by WHO for drinking water.

The project site is the Buzaye hill which falls within Bauchi town and as such vegetation is limited to grasses, low growing shrubs and trees growing in the crevices of the rock and at downhill locations where there is availability of soil. The area is surrounded by paved surfaces, residential areas and road network. Consequently, about 10 floral species were identified on the hill including two types of grass species Chloris sp (Rhode grass) and Setaria sp (Indian Bristegrass) with the most abundant being the Chloris species. The fauna species encountered are mostly small sized mammals; mostly rodents, reptiles and invertebrates.

• Socioeconomic Environment Based on the 2006 population census, Bauchi LGA with an area of 3,687km2 has a population of 493,810 people which constitute 52% males and 48% females. However, the population of Bauchi LGA now stands at an estimated population of 740,700 (based on NPC projected annual increase of 3.4%) (NPC, 2016). The project area is estimated to constitute about 70% of the geographical spread of Bauchi LGA and therefore, using the rule of thumb (as there is no official population figure for communities) is estimated to have over 518,490 people.

The outcome of the socioeconomic survey of the project area revealed the following: there are two prominent religions in the project area. Islam has a larger followership with about 270 respondents (61%), followed by Christianity with 150 respondents (34%), while Traditional worship is engaged in by less than 5% of the respondents. Majority of the respondents (57.2%) have two or more wives, while 42% have just one wife. This result is an indicator of large family size and related well-being deficit (poverty) that exist in the project area. The average number of children in households of respondents is seven (7).

About 63.5% of the respondents have had at least one form of formal education or another, while 38.6% have no form of formal education, 11.4% have had Islamic studies. About 27.2% have no formal education. Farming (36.4% of respondents) and trading (34% of respondents) are the major occupation of respondents in the project area. Other occupations in the area include; civil service which employs 13.6% of the sampled respondents, artisanship (4.5%) and retired citizens/ pensioners constitute 2.25% of the respondents. 27.3% of respondents get their water from water vendors and wells respectively. While 22.7% get their water from public boreholes. Other sources of water include rivers/streams (13.6%) and private boreholes (9.1%). About 93.2% of respondents in the project area are willing to pay for improved water systems

ES 6: Regulatory Requirements for ESIA The project will be guided by applicable Federal and State policies and regulatory framework, and the World Bank operational safeguard policies. The project will comply with the Bauchi State environmental Policy backed by the National Policy on Environment which provides a framework for environmental protection and sustainable development in Nigeria. The Bauchi State Ministry of Environment, Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) and the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) provide procedures for conducting Environmental Assessments for development projects in line with the Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (as amended by EIA Act CAP E12 LFN 2004).

ES 7: Analysis of Alternatives

Rehabilitation of Existing Reservoir vs Construction of a New one: The existing storage facility is a steel rectangular reservoir with storage capacity of 876m3. The reservoir was constructed in 1983 to store water for distribution to Bauchi town. Due to population growth, this no longer serves the city. Preliminary investigation suggested that a reservoir with storage capacity of about 7,000m3 is required to achieve sustainable water supply to the intended areas. As such, the decommissioning of the existing reservoir and the construction of a larger one with storage capacity of up to 7,000m3 was considered the preferred choice for achieving the objective of the NUWSRP-3 as the rehabilitation of the existing smaller facility was no longer viable.

Technology Alternatives This includes Water Supply through Motorised/ Hand Pump Boreholes, this option will entail BSWSC providing motorized or hand pump boreholes in order to expand access to potable water in areas proposed to be covered under the NUWSRP-3. To achieve this, many boreholes will be required to serve the population of the areas; hence the project will be capital intensive. There is also the option of Water Supply through Mobile Water Tankers. This technology will entail the BSWSC to use water tankers to supply water to the entire population of the proposed areas. This option will be very expensive and ineffective in that a large number of water tankers will be needed to daily transport water from Gubi dam treatment plant to these areas.

Construction of Reservoir and Pipe Laying: This option will entail construction of adequately sized reservoir on Buzaye Hill to feed the existing supply network and the extension of the network to new area. The replacement of the existing reservoir with a much bigger 7,000m3 as part of the NUWSRP-3 activities in Bauchi State, will enhance the achievement of the overall objectives of the project. This alternative is considered the most viable and therefore, the preferred technology to supply water to residents of the project area.

No Action Option: Resorting to the no action option (i.e. not carrying out the project) would result in the continued lack of access to improved water supply service and access continued water shortages in areas currently being served by BSWSC in Bauchi.

ES 8: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures The summary of potential impacts of the project is presented in Table 1 below. This ESIA has identified well-tailored measures to the adverse impacts identified in Table 1. The mitigation measures are specific to each identified impact as contained in Chapter 6 of this Report.

Table 1: Potential Beneficial and Adverse Impacts of the Proposed Project

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BENEFICIAL SOCIAL IMPACTS BENEFICIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS • Employment of local labour during construction • Provision of safe and adequate potable • Stimulation of socioeconomic activities from direct and indirect water in Bauchi metropolis and employment surrounding communities will discourage • Improved livelihood & poverty reduction the flagrant sinking of hand dug wells and • Provision of safe and adequate potable water that will enhance the boreholes in the area and thereby prevent health and living conditions of residents over extraction of ground water. • Improved public health and quality of life by reducing the burden of • Provision of pipe-borne water will reduce water related diseases associated with unsafe drinking water. pollution of aquifer from poorly constructed wells. • Reduction in the health costs borne by government and individuals in the treatment of water related diseases. • The project will reduce pressure on water bodies such as streams and rivers and the • Municipal water supply will result in reduction of costs incurred in subsequent preservation of aquatic hydro purchasing water or the sinking of hand dug wells and boreholes by life and systems. the populace and improve on the profitability of BSWSC operations.

• Poverty alleviation through cost savings on water supply and treatment of water related diseases. ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS • Increased security risks due to storage of materials and equipment on • Deterioration of local air quality due to the site emission of dusts & gases • Threat to community culture, safety and security due to presence of • Noise and vibration disturbances from workers. operation of heavy-duty vehicles • Increased demand on existing community health and sanitation • Water pollution arising from infrastructure anthropological and civil work activities • Increased traffic with potential to increase the rate of traffic accidents • Soil degradation may result from spillage of and injuries. fuels, lubricants and other toxic materials. • Increased risk of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other • Loss of vegetation and fauna habitat STIs: due to influx of migrant workers, hawkers etc. destruction • Gender-based violence risk: Exploitation, molestation and violence • Predisposition to soil erosion due to the against women and the girl child may occur given the potential removal of vegetal cover. increase in population and mix of group of people from different • Generation both non-hazardous and backgrounds. hazardous wastes • Loss of employment for temporary workers after construction • Localised landslides and debris flow • Occupational accidents and injuries to workers downhill can be triggered by demolition • Risks related to community health and safety (landslides and debris and ground disturbance activities flow, water spill from reservoir overflow. etc) • Landscape disruption and visual intrusion • Increased respiratory and eye problems from exposure to dusts and • Flooding in nearby areas due to accidental gaseous discharge of water during testing • Increased hearing impairments due to noise exposure • Erosion and sedimentation resulting from • Accidental discharge of water due to structural failure or overfilling of accidental discharge of water reservoir • Waste generation has the potential to become public nuisance, breeding grounds for disease vectors and cause contamination of soil and water. • Occupational accidents and injuries to workers • Risks related to community health and safety (landslides and debris flow, water spill from reservoir overflow. Etc)

ES 9: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and Estimated Cost

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The ESMP has been developed to meet international and national standards on environmental and social (E&S) performance and covers the project implementation phases (i.e. Pre-construction, construction and operation phases) of the project. Furthermore, it details the mitigation and enhancement measures the BSWSC and their Contractors will be committed to implement throughout project implementation and desired outcomes, performance indicators, monitoring, timing for actions and responsibilities. The total estimated cost for the ESMP implementation and monitoring is N26,900,000.00 (US$ 88,196.70) as presented in Table 2 below:

Table 2: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of ESMP Cost Estimate in Cost Estimate in Item Responsibility Nigerian Naira (N) US Dollars (US$)* Mitigation Contractor 9,100,000 29,836 Mitigation BSWSC (SPIU) 2,000,000 6,557 Monitoring BSWSC (SPIU) 7,900,000 25,902 Capacity Building BSWSC (SPIU), World Bank 5,500,000 18,033 Sub- Total 24,000,000 78,689 Contingency 10% of Sub- Total 2,400,000 7,869 Total 26,900,000 88,196.70 *1 US$ =N305

Environmental and Social Management Organization The successful implementation of the ESMP will depend on the commitment and capacity of the State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU), E&S safeguard consultants and other third parties (institutions) to implement the program effectively. The roles and responsibilities of those that will be involved in the implementation and monitoring of this ESMP are described in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Roles and Responsibility of Institutions S/ Category Roles & Responsibilities N 1. Federal Ministry • Approve disclosure of ESIA/ESMP in country of Environment • Environmental monitoring to ensure country standards is complied with 2. Bauchi State  Environmental monitoring and compliance overseer at the State level Ministry of  Site assessment and monitoring of ESMP implementation. Environment 3. SPIU • Ensuring approval of fund for Environmental and Social safeguards unit and M&E implementation and monitoring functions; • Ensure that the ESIA/ESMP is disclosed to the public • Responsible for coordination to ensure that parties to implementation carry out their responsibilities as and when due. • Ensure that World Bank and country standards are adhered to by contractor and workers through supervision and funding of mitigation measures/ESMP 4 Environmental & Environmental Safeguards Officer Social Safeguard • Carry out supervision functions during construction to ensure that contractor and workers Units adhere to mitigation measures in the ESMP; • Collate environmental baseline data on relevant environmental characteristics for monitoring and auditing • Ensure that project activities are implemented in accordance with good practices and guidelines set out in the site specific ESMP; • Identify and liaise with all stakeholders involved in environment related issues in the project; and be responsible for the overall monitoring of mitigation measures and the impacts of the project during implementation. • Promote environmental awareness. Social Safeguards

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• Coordinate and ensures the implementation of the social aspects of the ESMP • Identify and liaise with all stakeholders involved in social related issues in the project; • Conduct impact evaluation and beneficiary’s assessment; and • Establish partnerships & liaise with organizations, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). 5 Contractor  Compliance to BOQ specification in procurement of material and construction  Implement mitigation measures in the ESMP during project implementation  Prepare and Implement Contractor-ESMP  Ensuring staff good behavior/ practices including the use of PPEs and zero gender violence 6 Bauchi State • Inspection of project premises in order to ensure strict compliance with sanitation and waste Environmental management standards in the state. Protection • Collaboration with other MDAs at the State and Federal level, NGOs and Donor Agencies in Agency environmental protection and management especially in areas of waste recycling etc. (BASEPA) 7 Bauchi LGA • Provision of oversight function across project within its jurisdiction for ESMP compliance. • Monitoring of activities related to public health, sanitation, waste management amongst others. 8 Affected • Review environmental and social performance report made available by SPIU. Community and • Provide comments, advice and/or complaints on issues of nonconformity. Public • Attend public meetings organized by the SPIU to disseminate information and receive feedback. • Identify issues that could derail the project and support project mitigation measures and awareness campaigns. 9 CDA  Ensure community participation by mobilizing, sensitizing community members;  Promote environmental awareness 10 NGOs/CSOs • Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, conducting scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and devise sustainable environmental strategies and techniques. 11 World Bank  Overall supervision and provision of technical support and guidance.  Disclosure of ESIA/ESMP at World Bank external site  Oversight mission to monitor SPIU’s implementation and performance of ESMP

Training, Awareness and Competence The SPIU shall ensure that all persons that have roles to play in the implementation of the ESMP are competent with appropriate education, training or experience. Similarly, the contractors shall be required to undertake general HSE awareness for their project workforce and specific training for those whose work may significantly have impact on the environment. The estimated cost of proposed training is included in the ESMP estimated budget in Table 2 above.

Implementation Schedule The project implementation phase is estimated to be completed in 18 months. The activities related to environmental and social management and monitoring must be integrated in the overall civil work schedule.

ES 10: Stakeholder Consultation Stakeholders’ consultations took place in the project area from 17th to 22nd December 2018 and covered the following groups: the Buzuaye downstream Settlement, Wutin Dada community, Sabon Kaura community, Guru community, Yelwa Makaranta community, Tsohon Kamfani community and Sabon Layi community, Water Vendor Group and Women in the project. Consultation was also held with secondary sources including Bauchi State Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Water Resources, Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation, Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency and Bauchi metropolitan LGA.

The SPIU introduced the proposed project and project activities to the MDAs and community members. They were also informed about what is expected of them towards the projects including monitoring roles during implementation. All MDAs consulted are delighted about the project and promised to support its implementation. Affected communities also expressed their delight about the project as they believe their poor accessibility to clean water will come to an end. They however expressed the concerns in Table 4 to the SPIU:

Table 4: Major concerns and how they were addressed during consultations Major Concerns How They Were Addressed Assurance that the project will be implemented and Affected communities were assured that this is a World Bank that they will have access to pipe borne water support project hence the project will be fully implemented.

Peaceful coexistence amongst Christians and The ESIA will take note of these concerns and proffer Muslims workers and community members during adequate measures including ensuring that the contractor construction develop and implement code of conducts for their workers to include religious tolerance, respect for local cultures etc. Job opportunities for members of local The community members were assured by the consultant in communities concurrence with Bauchi State Sewerage and Water Corporation staff present that opportunities will be given to those that are qualified to work. Members of affected communities were also advised on the dangers of allowing their children to hawk or engage in child labor at the construction site. Project should not be delayed or neglected and The project communities were assured the project will more of this project should be brought to their proceed as planned without any delay. They were further community. assured that the project will commence as soon as the ESIA process is completed.

ES 11: Conclusions The proposed project is part of the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State and it is expected to have high positive socioeconomic and health impacts on the resident of the State as it will provide safe and adequate potable water that will enhance the health and living conditions of residents. The project will also improve public health and quality of life by reducing the burden of water related diseases associated with unsafe drinking water. Furthermore, the proposed project will be most beneficial to the local economy as it will promote industrial growth, provide direct and indirect employment opportunities and reduce cost in purchasing water and treating water borne diseases thereby improving livelihood and reducing poverty especially in affected communities.

The following recommendations have been proffered to further enhance the overall sustainability of the proposed project especially during the implementation phase of the project:

• Inform local communities in advance of road diversions & major activities likely to affect traffic. Also, schedule large and slow-moving vehicles for off peak period to prevent congestion especially on Guru road during construction period. • Liaise with appropriate health focused NGOs to undertake health awareness and education initiatives on STDs especially HIV/AIDS, Voluntary Counselling & Testing (VCT) amongst workers and local communities. • Ensure construction jobs are deliberately targeted to members of local communities. Ensure they are notified of employment and procurement opportunities in advance.

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• Ensure usage of water to wet active areas for dust suppression and ensure appropriate intervention if dust levels are high. • Ensure the restriction of all noise generating activities strictly to normal working hours (i.e. 9am – 5pm) and respond promptly to noise complaints. • Ensure there is strict restriction of vegetation and trees clearing to the area of need only and protection of all vegetation not required to be removed against damage. Also ensure prompt re- vegetation of exposed soils with indigenous plant species once construction is completed. • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once completed to restore the visual and landscape integrity of the area. • Ensure the establishment of workers camp and provision of all amenities including sanitary facilities on site for workers to prevent pressure on community infrastructure and indiscriminate sanitary waste disposal. • Ensure that construction waste is adequately and properly disposed by the State Solid Waste agency in designated dumpsites • Ensure rehabilitation of blocked drainage system in Bauchi metropolis to channel waste water to Receiving River. It is also crucial to construct washout pipes to discharge water to existing drainage system at a rate the drainage can carry to prevent flooding. • Sensitizee the public and provide them with emergency numbers to call in case of reservoir failure. • If possible, install electronic systems to digitally monitor the reservoir operations and remotely control all activities.

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) has secured financing from the World Bank toward the cost of the Third National Urban Water Sector Reform Project (NUWSRP-3) to rehabilitate and build infrastructure needed to increase access to water supply services to populations in selected cities and urban centres in three selected states; Bauchi, Ekiti, and Rivers States in Nigeria. The project under the NUWSRP-3 will also include implementation of key sector reforms to ensure sustainability of operations of the water services in the selected states.

The NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State is being implemented by the Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation (BSWSC) through a State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU). BSWSC is responsible for water supply in urban areas of the state. However, BSWSC is currently operationally present in only four (4) towns, namely; Bauchi, Azare, Misau and Jama’are towns while the water systems of the other 16 towns/areas are either not functional or being operated on skeletal services by their respective Local Government Areas (LGAs).

The NUWSRP-3 activities in Bauchi State is to resolve the existing water shortages in areas currently being served by BSWSC in Bauchi city by improving and strengthening the existing water supply infrastructure in the state. These activities include the following amongst others: • Improvement and extension of the transmission capacity of Gubi dam treatment facilities to guarantee uninterrupted water supply from the treatment plant to 22,000m3 water reservoirs from where water is distributed to Bauchi city. • Rehabilitation and extension of over 150km water distribution network in high-density population areas of the city, including among the poor residents. • Replacement of the old 876m3 water reservoir at Buzaye hill with a bigger and more modern 7,000m3 concrete reservoir to enhance the reliability and capacity of the distribution network to reach areas currently deprived of water in Bauchi city and environs. • Replacement of dysfunctional and installation of new water metres at production and major distribution points at the network as well as connecting meters to a system that supports operation and investment decision process • Equipping and rehabilitation of the Water Treatment Plant laboratory to provide accurate and timely information on water quality to BSWSC. • Emergency interventions activities at Gubi dam as recommended in the Dam Safety Review undertaken during project preparation.

The specific activity under NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State being considered under this Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is the proposed construction of 7,000m3 capacity reinforced concrete reservoir on Buzaye Hill within Bauchi metropolis. These activities will essentially entail civil works which has the potential to generate environmental and social safeguards concerns thus triggering the World Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental and Social Assessment). Consequently, the ESIA is required to address the triggered policies as well as environmental and social risks and impacts likely to result from project implementation. These anticipated risks and impacts may include but not limited to noise and dust generation; sedimentation of down rivers; waste generation; obstruction of mobility of people living in the area; public and occupational health and safety issues; traffic issues amongst others.

The overarching objective of the ESIA is to identify and assess all potential environmental and social risks and impacts that could arise especially during construction and operation phases and

provide site specific measures to mitigate significant adverse impacts in order to enhance the overall sustainability of the project.

1.2 Project Development Objectives (PDO) The overarching objective of NURSRP-3 is to increase access to improved water supply service by strengthening existing infrastructure and constructing new water supply and distribution facilities in Bauchi State. The project will also improve the financial viability of existing water utilities in Bauchi State as well as increase the investment planning capacity of the State.

1.3 Project Location The proposed 7,000m3 capacity reinforce concrete reservoir will be located on Buzaye Hill within Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi LGA in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Bauchi State is in the North- East geo-political zone in Nigeria and bounded by Jigawa and Yobe States to the North, Gombe State to the East, Plateau State to the South and Kano State to the West. Bauchi City, the location of the proposed project, doubles as the Bauchi State capital and the headquarters of Bauchi LGA. The State has a total of 20 LGAs and occupies a total land area of 49,119km2 representing about 5.3% of the total land area of Nigeria.

Buzaye Hill is located along Guru road within the new GRA and is surrounded by few domestic structures, the Police Officer’s Mess, blocks of uncompleted estate and the Consumer Protection Council’s Office. The project area is about 1.8 hectares bounded by four points with the following coordinates N10.31364, E9.80370; N10.31336, E9.80147; N10.31281, E9.80163; and N10.31221, E9.80281. The administrative map of Bauchi State showing the location of the proposed project is presented in Figure 1.1. Also see Figure 3.1 showing project location and adjoining communities and facilities.

1.4 Project Overview The construction of the 7,000m3 capacity reinforce concrete reservoir will essentially entail civil engineering works which will include the following activities:

• Demolition and Site Clearance: dismantling of existing 876m3 reservoir structure and removal of trees and vegetation on the location for the new proposed 7,000m3 capacity reservoir. • Earthworks: including excavation for foundations, filling and compaction, landscaping, concrete mixing for reinforced concrete (for base, footings, ground slabs, column and beams as well as reservoir walls). • Metal Works (Pipe works): connection and welding of prefabricated pipes including epoxy coated and lined inlet pipes, outlet pipes, drain and overflow pipes. • Construction of Pipe Supports and Ancillaries: concrete chambers, stools and thrust blocks to support and protect pipes. • Waterproofing Works: installation of prefabricated three-layer roofing to protect the reservoir. • Fencing: construction of perimeter block wall fencing with anti-corrosive, age resistant galvanized chain-link fence including single coil high security galvanized razor barb wire fitted above the fence. • Testing and Commissioning: filling the reservoir with water and testing the integrity of the structures and walls and commissioning of the facility.

Figure 1.1: Administrative map of Bauchi state showing the proposed project location (Buzaye Hill) in Bauchi LGA

1.5 Project Justification

1.5.1 Justification for the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State The population of Bauchi State as at the last population census conducted by the National Population Commission (NPC) in 2006 was 4,653,066. This current population of the state stands at 6,983,314 based on NPC projected annual increase of 3.4% (NPC, 2016). The population growth is accompanied with increased demand for infrastructure and services especially water and sanitation and waste management. According to a recent survey by WaterAid1, about 65% of Bauchi State residents lack access to clean water with only 13% of households having such access within their premises. This may not be unconnected with the fact that BSWSC currently covers 19% of the population of which only 13% have water connections. Others are supplied through alternative means including standpipes, boreholes and water tankers. Even for the few people with water connections, the average water supply does not exceed 7 hours daily due to poor status of the network.

It is increasingly difficult for the current water supply facilities and capacity to meet the residents demand for domestic water. The activities under the NUWSRP-3 have therefore become imperative to strengthen the existing system, improve supply network and extend supply to new areas.

1.5.2 Justification for the Proposed Concrete Reservoir The existing 876m3 steel reservoir at Buzaye Hill was constructed in 1983 to meet the current demand for water in Bauchi metropolis at the time. Over time, the capacity of the reservoir could not cope with the rapidly increasing population and as such people within the network barely get water for 7 hours per day. Furthermore, water network could not be extended to other areas as initially planned by BSWSC as the capacity of the reservoir will not be able to sustain the service. To alleviate the water problem, BSWSC commissioned the drilling of boreholes at various locations around the Bauchi City and environs. This initiative however was unable to meet the current demand since the total production is far below the current demand and as such, severe water shortages are experienced. One significant problem of multiple boreholes around the town is the potential over-extraction of water which may result in drops in the water table and ultimately water level may drop to depths exceeding the depths of the boreholes in the area.

The replacement of the existing reservoir with a much bigger 7,000m3 as part of the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State will enhance the achievement of the overall objectives of the project. The reservoir will receive and store more water made available by the improved Gubi dam treatment plant and subsequently improve supply to the existing network and the planned extension to new areas currently without water.

1.5.3 Other Envisaged Justification Other envisaged justification of the proposed project is examined using the three dimensions of sustainability, namely; environmental, economic and social sustainability:

1.5.3.1 Social Justification It is expected that the project will have numerous positive impacts on women and vulnerable households in project area especially in communities currently without water such as Sabon Kaura, Guru, Tsohon Kamfani, Sabon Layi, Unguwar Sarakuna, Inkil, Yelwa Tudu, Rafin Zurfi, Gwallameji as well as settlements around Vocational School, Airport, Federal Secretariat and

Jidda Quarters in Bauchi metropolis. In general, women and children bear the responsibility of ensuring availability of water in households and they spend critical hours looking for this resource. In some instances, children have to trek a long distance and then join a long queue in the morning to get water for domestic use such as cooking and bathing in order to get ready for school.

In some communities where many people depend on shallow hand-dug wells, so many children have to wait for days and sometimes up to a week before bathing. For a girl child, this situation can be extremely challenging as it poses a serious hygiene issues for adolescents. This factor may further contribute to high number of children out of school, especially girls, in northern Nigeria. In addition, low income households especially those living in areas without water supply in Bauchi city often pay more for water for different reasons thus exacerbating poverty.

The construction of this 7,000m3 concrete reservoir will facilitate water supply to teeming Bauchi populace and thus have beneficial impacts on women, children and households in general with attendant improvement in health and hygiene. To further sustain and enhance the social benefits of the project, BSWSC is poised to ensure that adverse impacts to the local communities especially during construction are negligible while accruable project benefits are expanded. To achieve this, the BSWSC will ensure social inclusion through the implementation of a robust engagement programme with local communities throughout project implementation.

The engagement process has commenced as part of this ESIA process and will continue thorough project implementation and beyond. It is also instructive to note that the proposed project entails removal of existing reservoir and construction of a new one in the same location and as such no Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement is involved. This implies that there will be no physical displacement of people or economic displacement from their livelihood during project implementation.

1.5.3.2 Environmental Justification The project is identified under Category B according to the World Bank E&S classification, implying that the potential environmental and social impacts are expected to be minor, site- specific and manageable to a reasonable level thus triggering the World Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment As part of the ESIA, all potential environmental risks and impacts of the project have been identified and assessed with effective management actions proffered to avoid or reduce the risks and impacts to the barest minimum. These measures have also been mainstreamed into the project specific ESMP developed as part of this ESIA to ensure their effectiveness in assuring environmental sustainability of the project especially during construction.

1.6 Objective of the ESIA The overall objective of this ESIA is to identify and evaluate all potential adverse environmental and social risks and impacts that could arise from the different phases of the proposed construction of concrete reservoir and proactively develop appropriate alternatives and other measures to eliminate or mitigate the risks and impacts on the bio-physical and social environment. This approach will ultimately ensure that all the planned activities throughout the life cycle of the reservoir are executed in a sustainable manner with due consideration given to the environment including nearby dwellers and road users. Ultimately, the outcome of this ESIA will be mainstreamed into the final project designs, investment decisions and project

implementation processes to assure the sustainable management of the environment during construction, commissioning and operation of the reservoir.

1.7 Approach and Methodology The approach and methodology adopted in undertaken this ESIA are in consonance with requirements of both Nigeria EIA process and World Bank policies. The tasks described below were performed to the specifications outlined in the ESIA Terms of Reference (TOR). The detailed ToR for this assignment is attached as Appendix I.

Task 2: Desk Review Under this task the consultant reviewed all the relevant project documents including: • Engineering designs and tender documents for the proposed project; • Design drawings of sub-project priority site; • Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF); • Project Appraisal Document (PAD); • Environmental Assessment procedures of the World Bank • E&S safeguards policies especially OP 4.01 • Relevant national laws, policies and guidelines for environmental protection. • Relevant national laws, policies and guidelines for the water sector. • Relevant international policies, conventions and agreement applicable to the project and to which Nigeria is signatory.

Task 3: Reconnaissance Survey and Identification of Stakeholders The reconnaissance survey of the project area was conducted to physically observe the general biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of the entire project area and surrounding environment in order to ensure adequate planning for field data collection. As part of this task, the project’s critical stakeholders were identified for consultation. The stakeholders identified include: • Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation (BSWSC) • Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) • Bauchi State Ministry of Environment (BSME) • Bauchi State Ministry of Water Resources • Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) • Bauchi State Ministry of Lands • Bauchi Local Government Area • District Head of Bauchi (Hakimi), Village and Ward Heads in affected communities • Inhabitant of Surrounding Environment Task 4: Field Data Gathering The field exercise entailed real-time observations, field sampling and in-situ measurements of fast changing parameters of samples collected from the area covering both the biophysical and social environment.

The sampling design and approach was informed by the outcome of the preliminary observations of the entire area covered by the project made during reconnaissance survey and through desktop studies. Consequently, the area of influence (AoI) for the data gathering has been designed to cover the entire 1.8 hectare project site and surrounding environment up to approximately 1km radius from the site. This area was earmarked for study and hereafter defined as the study area for the ESIA study.

CHAPTER TWO: INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 2.1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the institutional structures, policies, laws and regulations applicable to the water sector as well as environment and social sustainability in Nigeria and Bauchi State. The Chapter also describes the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguards policies, and environmental, health and safety guidelines (EHSG) In addition, other relevant international environmental and social standards, policies and agreements to which Nigeria is a party are also discussed.

2.2 Nigerian Institutional Provisions and Arrangements This section highlights the relevant national, state and Local Government institutions with the core mandate for environmental protection and the water sector governance in Nigeria. The section succinctly summarises their roles and responsibilities as applicable to the implementation of proposed projects within the NUWSRP-3.

2.2.1 Federal Ministry of Environment The Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) is the statutory government institution mandated to coordinate environmental protection and natural resources conservation for sustainable development in Nigeria. Some of the mandates of the Ministry include: • Advising the Federal Government on national environmental policies and priorities, conservation of natural resources, sustainable development as well as scientific and technological activities affecting the environment and natural resources; and • Prescribing standards and formulating regulations on water quality, effluent limitations, air quality, atmospheric protection, ozone protection, noise control as well as the removal and control of hazardous substances.

2.2.2 National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) was established by the NESREA Act of 30th July 2007 as an Agency of the FMEnv. NESREA is charged with the responsibility of enforcing all environmental laws, guidelines, policies, standards and regulations in Nigeria. It also has the responsibility to enforce compliance with provisions of international agreements, protocols, conventions and treaties on the environment to which Nigeria is a party.

2.2.3 Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR) The Nigerian Ministry of Water Resources is created in 1976 to provide sustainable access to safe and sufficient water to meet the cultural and socio-economic needs of all Nigerians in a way that will enhance public health, food security and poverty reduction, while maintaining the integrity of fresh water ecosystem of the nation. Other mandate of the Ministry includes the following: • Formulation and implementation of Water Resources Policy Programme; • Development and support for irrigated agriculture for food security; • Collection, storage, analysis and dissemination of hydro-meteorological and hydrological data; • Monitoring and evaluation of projects and programmes for effective performance; • Supply of adequate and potable water for domestic and industrial uses; • Provision of adequate sanitation and maintenance of water quality • Exploration and development of undergrounded water resources; • Formulation and review, from time to time, of National water legislation;

• Liaison with all relevant national and international agencies on all matters relating to water resources development; and support of studies and research on the nation’s underground and surface water resources potentials. The FMWR is the executing agency for NUWSRP in Nigeria. FMWR has established the Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) which is directly responsible for coordination and implementation of all NUWSRP activities in Nigeria.

2.2.4 National Water Resources Institute (NWRI) The NWRI was established in 1985 and is responsible to the FMWR for engineering research functions related to major water resources projects and training sector professionals and technicians. The NWRI is a training institute, designated to provide capacity building training and education, data collection and dissemination services in the field of water resources development and management. Core functions of the Institute include promoting and developing training courses on Water Resources (Regular and Short Courses), carrying out capacity development assessments of sector organizations and providing skill-oriented training courses.

2.2.5 Nigeria Integrated Water Resources Management Commission (NIWRMC) The NIWRMC was established in 2007 and charged with the responsibility for the regulation and management of water in Nigeria and for other matters connected with it. The functions of the Commission amongst others include:- • Implement regulatory policies on activities relating to the management of water resources in Nigeria; • Ensure the safety and quality of water resources development and public water services by regulating standards for execution and performance; • Issue water resources licenses in accordance with the provision of the Act.

2.2.6 Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA) The NIHSA is the custodian of all water resources data. The Agency was established by the Federal Executive Council Approval EC 18 (07) 4 of 16th May, 2007. Specifically the Agency provides services required for assessment of the nation's surface and groundwater resources in terms of quantity, quality, distribution and availability in time and space; for efficient and sustainable management of water resources; operate and maintain hydrological stations nationwide and carry out groundwater exploration ; and monitoring using various scientific techniques in order to provide hydrological data needed for planning, design, execution and management of water resources and allied projects. NIHSA’s activities and functions have direct relation to the management of watersheds. NIHSA provides data to Federal and State MDAs such as Ministry of Environment, RBDAs and international organizations such as FAO, UNDP.

2.2.7 Bauchi State Ministry of Water Resources The Bauchi State Ministry of Water Resources (BSMWR) is the supervisory Ministry for the BSWSC. The core mandates of the Ministry are to harness surface and underground water resources for domestic, commercial, irrigation and industrial purposes in the State and control the State water resources. Some of the key functions of the Ministry include: • To harness Bauchi State water resources for economic development; • To ensure the supply of potable water of adequate quantity and quality; • Drilling of hand pump boreholes for provisions of water to rural areas; • Development and exploration of underground water.

2.2.8 Bauchi State Water and Sewage Corporation The Bauchi State Water Board (BSWB) was transformed into the Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation (BSWSC) in 2014 with the responsibility of providing water and sewerage services in all the Local Government Headquarters and Urban Communities in Bauchi State. Overarching goals of the Corporation includes to meet customer expectations by providing quality and excellent service; to create a working environment and culture that brings the best out of BSWSC’s human capital; to develop and implement integrated systems and work procedures and processes that are cost effective, credible and user friendly. The specific functions of the Corporation include: • Provision of safe, adequate and affordable water supply to the residents of Service Areas; • Provision of sewage and wastewater management Services, whether by the provision of sewers or otherwise, for the collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage and wastewater generated by Consumers within its area of operation, and other Services incidental thereto. • Collaboration with the Ministry responsible for Water Resources to secure efficient use, conservation and protection of water resources; • In accordance with the State tariff Policy and regulations issued by the Ministry, BSWSC will operate on sound commercial practice and maintain Customer focus for service sustainability and efficiency while ensuring that its revenues are sufficient to provide for; all depreciation, amortisation and interest costs, all operation and maintenance costs and a reasonable return on investment. The BSWSC is the Bauchi State project Implementation Unit (SPIU) for the NUWSRP-3.

2.2.9 Bauchi State Ministry of Environment The Bauchi State Ministry of Environment (BSME) was set up in 2010 and charged with the responsibility of Conservation and Protection of the environment in the state. Some of the core duties of the Ministry include: • Formulation, enforcing and coordinating policies, statutory rules and regulation on solid waste collection and disposal, general environmental protection, flood control and regulation of the ecological, system and all activities related therein, throughout the State. • Conducting public enlightenment campaign and disseminates vital information on environmental and ecological matters, and to mobilize the inhabitants of all areas for effective observance of environment of environmental rules and guidelines, for the purpose of Healthy and safe environment. • Rendering advisory services and support to all local government in the state in areas of Flood Control, Solid Waste Management, Ecological and Sanitation Matters. • Preparation of master plan for drainage, solid and liquid waste and general aesthetics, and of annual State of the environment report for the State and transmit same to the secretariat of the National Council of Environment. • Monitoring sources of toxic pollutants in Air, Land and Water and initiating measures to ensure pollution –free Air, Land and Water including offering necessary advice to industrial establishments. • Monitoring the Implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Audit (EAu) Reports, guidelines and procedures on all developmental policies and project within the State. • Preparation of master plans for major cities of the State and developing strategies for settlement patterns with a view to integrating physical planning with economic programmes.

• Obtaining research findings from the relevant Federal and State Agencies for the purpose of policy formulation and dissemination of the supply and usage of water in the State.

2.2.10 Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) The Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) is an agency under the supervision of the Bauchi State Ministry of Environment established by an edict No 10 of 1994 as amended by Edict No. 3 of 1997. BASEPA is responsible for regulation of urban environmental sanitation, environmental protection, biodiversity conservation and the sustainable development of the State’s Natural Resources. The Agency is also responsible for the implementation of all environmental policies towards protection, sustenance and development of the environment in the state. The Agency sets environmental quality standards and ensure compliance with pollution control measures in the state.

2.2.11 Bauchi Local Government Area (LGA) The proposed project is within the jurisdiction of Bauchi LGA. The LGA being the third tier of government is empowered to ensure economic planning and development of the communities under their area of influence. The common interest of these communities, traditional association and administrative convenience of the communities is equally administered by the LGA. The LGA has a department of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) which promote community health by ensuring access to clean water supply. Environmental matters at the local government level are essentially guided by relevant state laws.

2.3 Relevant Nigerian Guidelines, Policies and Legal Provisions The section succinctly summarises applicable national and state policies, guidelines, edicts, regulations and laws relevant to this ESIA and the implementation of proposed projects within the NUWSRP-3.

2.3.1 Environmental and Social (E&S) Safeguard Policies and Legal Provisions

2.3.1.1 National Policy on the Environment (Revised 1999) The National Policy on the Environment describes the conceptual framework and strategies for achieving the overall goal of sustainable development in Nigeria. Specifically, the goals of the Policy include to: • Secure a quality of environment adequate for good health and human well-being; • Conserve and use the environment and natural resources sustainably for the benefit of present and future generations; • Restore, maintain and enhance ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the functioning of the biosphere to preserve biological diversity and the principle of optimum sustainable yield in the use of living natural resources and ecosystems; • Raise public awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkages between the environment, resources and development, and encourage individual and community participation in environmental improvement efforts; and • Co-operate with other countries, international organizations and agencies to achieve optimal use of trans-boundary natural resources and effective prevention or abatement of trans-boundary environmental degradation.

2.3.1.2 EIA Act Cap E12 LFN 2004

The EIA Act No. 86 of 1992 as amended by EIA Act Cap E12 LFN, 2004 is the principal legislative instrument relating to activities that may likely or to a significant extent affect the environment. The Act sets the goals and objectives of EIA and procedures including the minimum requirements for the conduct of an EIA for public or private projects. The Act makes EIA mandatory for all major development projects likely to have adverse impacts on the environment and gives specific powers to FMEnv to facilitate environmental assessment of projects in Nigeria.

2.3.1.3 National Environmental Protection (Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes) Regulations, 1991 These Regulations address handling and management of solid, radioactive and (infectious) hazardous waste. They define the objectives of management of solid and hazardous waste, the functions of appropriate Government agencies and obligations of industries. The Regulations mandate all industries to inform FMEnv of all toxic, hazardous and radioactive substances which they keep in their premises and/or which they discharge during their production processes. Schedule 12 and 13 of the Regulations provide a comprehensive list of all waste deemed to be hazardous and dangerous.

2.3.1.4 National Environmental (Sanitation and Wastes Control) Regulations, 2009 The Regulations provide the legal framework for the adoption of sustainable and environment friendly practices in sanitation and control of solid wastes, hazardous wastes and effluent discharges to minimize pollution. Part 3 of the Regulations states that all owners or occupiers of premises shall provide waste receptacles for storage before collection by licensed waste managers. In addition, the Regulations make it mandatory for facilities that generate waste, to reduce, re-use, recycle and ensure safe disposal to minimize pollution. The Regulations also spell out roles and responsibilities of State and Local Government Authorities.

2.3.1.5 National Environmental (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, 2009 The purpose of these Regulations is to ensure maintenance of a healthy environment for all people in Nigeria, the tranquillity of their surroundings and their psychological wellbeing by regulating noise levels. The Regulations prescribe the maximum permissible noise levels on a facility or activity to which a person may be exposed and provide for the control of noise and for mitigating measures for the reduction of noise.

2.3.1.6 National Environmental (Surface & Groundwater Quality Control) Regulations 2011 The purpose of these Regulations is to restore, enhance and preserve the physical, chemical and biological integrity of the nation’s surface waters and to maintain existing water uses. The Regulations also seek to protect groundwater sources by regulating the discharge of hazardous wastes, fossil fuels energy and any other substances having the potential to contaminate groundwater. The Regulations also include amongst others, the application and general provisions of water quality standards for various uses such as agriculture, industrial, aquatic life and recreation.

2.3.1.7 National Gender Policy, 2006 Nigeria put together the National Gender Policy in 2006. Its overall goal is to promote the welfare and rights of Nigerian women and children in all aspects of life: political, social and economic. The policy seeks to plan, coordinate, implement, monitor and evaluate the development of women in the county. In concrete terms, the National Gender Policy in Nigeria focus on: • Contribution towards women’s empowerment and the eradication of unequal gender power relations in the workplace and economy, in trade unions and in broader society;

• Encouragement of the participation, support and co-operation of men in taking shared responsibility for the elimination of sexism and redefining of oppressive gender roles; • Increase the participation of women in leadership and decision-making; • Ensure that through labour legislation and collective bargaining, the particular circumstances of women are considered and that measures are promoted to eliminate discrimination on the basis of gender; • Ensure that there is a gender perspective in all sectors of development.

2.3.1.8 BSWSC Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Action Plan In carrying out its duties, the BSWSC identified some pressing gender and social inclusion barriers to accessing Water Sanitation and Hygiene services. Some of the most prominent findings revealed amongst other things that young girls miss out on school when they have to spend long hours fetching water while women’s domestic and economic activities are negatively affected because of the burden of time spent getting water for the household. Also, the fact that Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) policy and programs in the State often overlook the linkage between lack of WASH services and meeting sexual and reproductive health needs like menstrual hygiene, maternal and new born health. There is also the issue of cultural and religious norms that makes the perspectives of women and other marginalized groups overlooked or undervalued and thereby widening the disproportionate access to WASH services.

In response therefore to the gender and social inclusion barriers to accessing WASH services in Bauchi State, BSWSC commits to institutionalize gender equality and promote inclusion at every point of service delivery through the following Strategic Objectives: • Promote institutional accountability for gender equality and social inclusion in internal operations and service delivery • Strengthen human and financial capacity for gender equality and social inclusion in operations and service delivery • Improve gender equality and social inclusion outcomes in corporation’s practices The GESI Action Plan of BSWSC is attached as Appendix II.

2.3.1.9 Other applicable E & S laws and regulations in Nigeria A summary of other relevant existing national laws and regulations is provided in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Other relevant national environmental protection regulations Regulations Summary of Provisions Harmful Wastes (Special An Act to prohibit the carrying, depositing and dumping of harmful waste on Criminal Provisions etc.) Act any land, territorial waters and matters relating thereto including penalty for CAP HI LFN 2004 offences for individuals and corporate bodies. The Act prohibits all activities relating to the purchase, importation, transit, transportation, deposit, storage or, sale of harmful wastes. National Environmental These provisions seek to prohibit the import, manufacture, sale and the use of (Ozone Layer Protection) ozone-depleting substances as well as materials that contain these substances. Regulations, 2009 National Environmental The overall objective of these Regulations is to control erosion and flooding (Soil Erosion and Flood by checking all earth-disturbing activities, practices or developments for non- Control) Regulations, 2011 agricultural, commercial, industrial and residential purposes. Factories Act (CAP F1), The Act establishes a legal framework for the registration of factories and to 2004 make adequate provisions regarding the safety of workers against occupational hazards and to impose penalties for any breach of its provisions. All workplaces are covered by this Act. Employee Compensation The Act provides compensation to employees who suffer from occupational

Regulations Summary of Provisions Act, 2010 diseases or sustain injuries arising from accidents at workplace or in the course of employment. Payment of compensation (to the worker or to his dependents in case of death) by the employer is rooted in the accepted principle that the employer has a duty of care to protect the health, welfare and safety of workers at work. Nigerian Urban and The Act is aimed at overseeing a realistic, purposeful planning of the country Regional Planning Act CAP to avoid overcrowding and poor environmental conditions. The Act 138 LFN 2004 establishes that an application for land development would be rejected if such development would harm the environment or constitute a nuisance to the community. EIA Procedural Guidelines, The Procedural Guidelines indicate the steps to be followed in the EIA 1995 process in order to ensure that projects are implemented with maximum consideration for the environment. The Guidelines also include categorization as follows: • Category I projects will require a full EIA. • Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an “Environmentally Sensitive Area” (ESA) in which case a full EIA is required. • Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the environment, for which an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) will be prepared by the FMEnv Natural Resources The Natural Resources Conservation Act CAP 268 LFN 1990 is the most Conservation Act CAP 268 direct existing piece of legislation on natural resources conservation. The Act LFN 1990 establishes the Natural Resources Conservation Council, which is empowered to address soil, water, forestry, fisheries and wildlife conservation by formulating and implementing policies, programmes and projects on conservation of the country’s natural resources.

2.3.1.10 Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) Edict No. 3 of 1997 The mandate of BASEPA with respect to environmental protection and waste management in Bauchi metropolis is enshrined in the Edict No. 3 of 1997. The Edict empowers BASEPA as the sole agency responsible for all matters relating to environmental protection, sanitation and environmental research and policy. Section 9 (5) of BASEPA edict specifically state the function of the agency to include regulating, directing and controlling of the throwing, dumping or disposal of refuse negligently in the whole state. As the custodian of the environment in the whole state, BASEPA is responsible for the management of solid waste in residential and commercial areas. The Edict also empowers the agency to enter into agreement with any public or private organisation and individuals to develop, utilise, coordinate and share environmental monitoring programmes and biological effects of various activities on the environment.

2.3.2 Nigerian Water Sector Policies and Legal Provisions

2.3.2.1 National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy, 2000 A National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy (NWSSP) were adopted in January 2000. The center-piece of this policy is the provision of sufficient potable water and adequate sanitation to all Nigerians in an affordable and sustainable way through participatory investment by the three tiers of government, the private sector and the beneficiary. The Policy sets consumption standards for; i. Semi – urban (small towns) which represent settlements with populations between 5,000 – 20,000 with a fair measure of social infrastructure and some level of economic activity

with minimum supply standard of 90 liters per capita per day with reticulation and limited or full house connections. ii. Urban Water supply at 120 litres per capita per day for urban areas with population greater than 20,000 inhabitants to be served by full reticulation and consumer premises connection. The Policy Strategies are: a) Increase service coverage for water supply and sanitation nationwide to meet the level of the socio-economic demand of the nation on the sector. b) Ensure good water quality standards are maintained by water supply undertakings. c) Ensure affordability of water supply and sanitation services for the citizens. d) Enhance national capacity in the operation and management of water supply and sanitation undertaking. e) Privatize water supply and wastewater services (where feasible) with adequate protection for the poor. f) Reform of the water supply and sanitation sector to attain and maintain internationally acceptable standards.

2.3.2.2 Water Resources Act, 2003 Water Resources Act, Act No. 101 which is An Act to promote the optimum planning, development and use of the Nigeria's water resources and other matters connected therewith. The Act took effect on the 23rd of August 2003, and vests rights and control of water on the Federal Government of Nigeria.

2.4 World Bank Group This section describes the World Bank Group’s environmental and social safeguards policies, and environmental, health and safety guidelines (EHSG).

2.4.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies The World Bank has 10+2 Environmental and Social safeguard policies, designed to help prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process and ultimately ensuring that environmental and social issues are addressed throughout the project life cycle of a World Bank – financed project. Specifically, the overall project has triggered the following policies: OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment); OP/BP 4.37 (Safety of Dams); OP/BP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement), OP/BP 7.50 (Projects on International Waterway) and OP/BP 17.50 (Disclosure of Information).

2.4.2 World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of good international industry practice. The EHS guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and that are generally considered to be achievable for infrastructural developments. There are two sets of EHS Guidelines:

• The General EHS Guidelines These Guidelines contain information on cross-cutting environmental, health and safety issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. They are divided into sections entitled: Environmental; Occupational Health and Safety; Community Health and Safety; Construction; and Decommissioning. • EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation These Guidelines contain information on industry-specific impacts and performance indicators, plus a general description of industry activities. The EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation is applicable to the proposed

project. It provides guidance and information relevant to the operation and maintenance of potable water treatment and distribution systems amongst others.

2.5 International Treaties and Conventions on the Environment Some of the relevant international treaties and conventions on environment to which Nigeria is a party are summarized in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: International Treaties and Conventions on Environment to which Nigeria is a Party Treaties and Conventions Year Agreement The United Nations Environmental 1972 Provide guidelines for protecting the integrity of the global Guidance Principles environment and the development system United Nations Convention on 1992 Places general obligations on countries to observe sustainable Biological Diversity use and equitably share the plants and animals of the earth United Nations Framework 1994 It calls on developed countries and economies to limit her Convention on Climate Change emissions of the greenhouse gases which cause global warming Basel Convention on the Control of 1989 The overarching objective of the Basel Convention is to protect Trans-boundary Movement of human health and the environment against the adverse effects Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal of hazardous wastes.

CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION 3.1 Project Location The proposed 7,000m3 capacity reinforced concrete reservoir will be located on Buzaye Hill along Bendel Road within the new GRA in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi LGA in Bauchi State. The project area is about 1.8 hectares bounded by four points with the following coordinates N10.31364, E9.80370; N10.31336, E9.80147; N10.31281, E9.80163; and N10.31221, E9.80281. There is currently an existing old and leaking 876m3 steel reservoir (shown in Plate 3.1) on the hill which will be decommissioned to give room for the incoming concrete reservoir.

Plate 3.1: Existing Old and Leaking Steel Reservoir on Buzaye Hill

The hill is mainly rocky in nature with a few tress and scattered shrubs growing in the crevices of the rock as indicated in Plate 3.2. The site is devoid of any farmlands, human dwellings or any other assets, however, the Hill is surrounded by few domestic structures, the Police Officer’s Mess, blocks of uncompleted estate, the Consumer Protection Council’s Office as well as the Guru road (Plate 3.3). Access to the site is via the tarred Bendel (Jos – Bauchi) road and Guru road.

Plate 3.2: The rocky Buzaye Hill with Few Trees and Vegetation Growing in the Rock Crevices

Plate 3.3: Domestic Structures in Close Proximity of Buzaye Hill

3.2 Overview of NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State The project is one of the NUWSRP-3 major activities in Bauchi State being implemented to improve and strengthen the existing water supply infrastructure in the state in order to address the existing water shortages in areas currently being served by BSWSC. These activities include the following: • Extension of the transmission capacity of Gubi dam water treatment plant to 22,000m3 to guarantee uninterrupted water supply from the treatment plant. • Rehabilitation and extension of over 150km water distribution network in high-density population areas of the city, including among the poor residents. • Replacement of dysfunctional and installation of new water metres at production and major distribution points at the network as well as connecting meters to a system that supports operation and investment decision process • Equipping and rehabilitation of the Water Treatment Plant laboratory to provide accurate and timely information on water quality to BSWSC. • Emergency maintenance interventions works at Gubi dam; and • Replacement of the old 876m3 water reservoir at Buzaye hill with a bigger and more modern 7,000m3 concrete reservoir to enhance the reliability and capacity of the distribution network to reach areas currently deprived of water in Bauchi city and environs (the proposed project being considered under this ESIA).

The map showing the locations of some of the major NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State including Gubi dam and water treatment plant is presented in Figures 3.1 while Figure 3.2 shows the proposed concrete reservoir and the coverage of water supply and distribution network.

Figure 3.1: Map showing the locations of Gubi dam and water treatment plant

Figure 3.2: Map showing the locations for the proposed concrete reservoir (Buzaye Hill) and proposed pipe network

3.3 Overview of Proposed Project The proposed project is a water infrastructural development project that will entail the construction of a 7000m3 capacity reinforced concrete reservoir on Buzaye Hill (Figure 3.1). The concrete reservoir will be rectangular in shape with the following dimensions; 53m (Length), 23m (Breadth) and 6m (Height). The reservoir will be supported by reinforce concrete columns and beams of varying lengths ranging from ~1 – 8m to balance the reservoir against the unevenness of the rock surface. The Sections, Footings and Base Slab Layout drawings of the concrete reservoir are shown in Figures 3.2 – 3.4.

Figure 3.1: Overview of the Project showing Location of Concrete Reservoir at Buzaye Hill (Source: BSWSC, 2018)

Figure 3.2: Sections of the Proposed Concrete Reservoir at Buzaye Hill (Source: BSWSC, 2018)

Figure 3.3: Plan View of the Reservoir Footings (Source: BSWSC, 2018)

Figure 3.4: Plan View of the Concrete Reservoir Base Slab (Source: BSWSC, 2018)

3.4 Project Activities The major construction activity will essentially entail civil engineering works which will be implemented in three (3) phases as described in Table 3.1 below. The project implementation period covering pre-construction and construction phases will be undertaken in 18 months.

Table 3.1: Proposed Project Phases and Major Activities PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PHASE Site Clearing Removal of trees and vegetation within the boundaries of the sites where construction will take place. Areas within the site to be used as staging areas, workers’ camp Pre-Construction workshop and offices, waste dump e.t.c will also be

cleared to allow for construction activities. The project site is the Buzaye with a few trees growing in the crevices of the rock and as such there are no economic

PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PHASE trees to be affected by the project. Mobilization to site Mobilization of equipment, materials and personnel to site

Installation of Site Installation of prefabricated shelters at appropriate area Structures and Facilities within the 1.8ha project site to serve as workers camp, site offices, storage facilities, on-site medical facilities and sanitary facilities. Lay by areas will also be marked for the installation of concrete batching plants, water supply system, Power generating set and waste disposal facilities. Dismantling of Existing Dismantling and removal of existing reservoir as well as Steel Reservoir and demolition of concrete base and other structures. Demolition of Concrete Activities here will also include evacuation of dismantled Structures reservoir to the premises of BSWSC for reuse in other sites and disposal of concrete debris. Earthworks Including excavation for foundations, filling and compaction, landscaping, concrete mixing for reinforced concrete (for base, footings, ground slabs, column and beams as well as reservoir walls). Cutting and Connection and welding of prefabricated pipes including welding/Metal Works epoxy coated and lined inlet pipes, outlet pipes, drain (Pipe works) and overflow pipes. Construction of Pipe Construction of concrete chambers, stools and thrust Supports and blocks to support and protect pipes. Ancillaries Waterproofing Works Installation of prefabricated three-layer roofing to Construction protect the reservoir Forklift, crane and Required for construction operations including lifting of derrick operations material and equipment from base to the Buzaye hill top construction site Fencing Works Construction of perimeter block wall fencing with anti- corrosive, age resistant galvanized chain-link fence including single coil high security galvanized razor barb wire fitted above the fence. Testing and Filling the reservoir with water and testing the integrity Commissioning of the structures and walls and commissioning of the facility. Normal Operation of Normal operational activities may include: Reservoir • Filling the reservoir with water and discharging water to residents. • Monitoring of minimum and maximum water level. • Monitoring occurrence of overflows and spilling. • Monitoring chlorine residue build-up in reservoir. Operation • Monitoring of the distribution system including water demand and pressure. Maintenance of the Routine maintenance activities may include: Reservoir • Removing dirt and weeds from base of reservoir and pipes, • Testing the integrity of reservoir, foundations, base and other ancillary structures. • Repairing concrete deterioration and cracks

PROJECT ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PHASE (reservoir foundation/base and reservoir wall). • Draining and cleaning of reservoir • Disinfecting reservoir after maintenance or cleaning before putting back into operation and confirm microbiological safety.

3.5 Major Inputs and Outputs

3.5.1 Equipment and Machineries The major inputs in concrete reservoir construction project usually include the various heavy- duty construction equipment and machineries. Some of the equipment and machines to be mobilized will include but not limited to concrete mixer, concrete batching machine, excavators, wheel loaders (pay loaders), bulldozers, back hoes, air drilling machines, cement mixers, compactors, curb machines, crushing machines and truck cranes.

3.5.2 Raw Materials The major raw materials that will be required for the construction of the reinforced concrete reservoir will include cement, sand, gravel, water, galvanised steel, ductile iron pipes and fittings. Aggregates will be sourced from neighbouring quarry sites while cement will also be sourced from wholesalers in Bauchi State. Steel casings, reinforcement, pipes, fittings and other accessories will be sourced from manufacturers. The reinforced concrete will be produced on site. The estimate of some materials for the concrete reservoir works is presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Estimate of major materials for construction S/N Materials Design Estimated Quantity 1 Sand Compacted sand material 6,000m3

2 Cement Cement for concrete – Ordinary Portland cement in 898 tons 50kg bags 3 Concrete In-situ concrete of various grades and thickness 2,779 m3 Concrete for ancillary works 14,450 m3 4 Aggregates 20mm aggregates 2,097 m3 40mm aggregates 420m3 5 Steel High yield steel bars of varying diameter ranging 229 tons from 8 – 32mm 6 Pipes Inlet pipework comprising DN 300 - 500, PN 16 13 nr (single flanged, double flanged and flanged adaptor) Outlet pipework comprising DN 500, PN 16 (single 20 nr flanged, double flanged and flanged adaptor) Drain and overflow pipework DN 200 – 500, PN 16 17 nr (single flanged, double flanged and flanged adaptor

3.5.3 Water Water will essentially be required especially during construction for activities such as ground wetting for dust suppression especially during site clearing, concrete mixing and also for workers’ consumption and sanitation purposes. Water for construction activities and sanitary purposes will be brought to site with water tankers from commercial vendors and stored on site in water tanks while water for drinking will be bought from local vendors and dispensed using water dispensing machines in site offices. Effluent from construction activities will be monitored

weekly by the contractor using water quality measuring equipment so as not to contain harmful materials before discharged into the natural environment.

The water supply source for the new 7,000m3 concrete reservoir during operation phase will be the Gubi Dam water treatment plant. Water will be supplied to the reservoir through a network of epoxy coated and lined ductile iron pipes of 500mm diameter. The network is an existing one but will be upgraded under NUWSRP-3. The E&S issues of the proposed civil works for the upgrade of the water supply network is being assessed by a separate ESMP.

3.5.4 Energy Energy required during construction will be supplied from the national grid since the project will be taking place within Bauchi city. However, in case of power outages, alternative power will be supplied by a 60kVA sound proof generator which will be installed on site. Fossil fuels especially diesel fuel will be used primarily to power generator, equipment and run heavy duty trucks/vehicles that will be used for the entire project. As the concrete reservoir is located on a hill, it will be designed to supply water through all its outlet system by gravity during operation phase. Consequently, energy will not be required to supply water as no pumping is required.

3.5.5 Personnel The estimated workforce required for the construction project will be about fifty (50) excluding sub-contractors and suppliers. About 30 of this number will be skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers engaged from the local communities within Bauchi LGA. The remaining 20 will be contractor’s personnel who shall be engaged as professionals including engineers, supervisors, Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Officers etc.

3.5.6 Waste The preconstruction and construction activities will inevitably lead to generation of all kinds of waste which must be well managed to prevent pollution and environmental degradation. All wastes generated from the project will be broadly classified as either non-hazardous or hazardous following an assessment of the hazard potentials of the materials. Furthermore, the management principles and priorities shall for all classes of waste will be based on an integrated approach anchored on the internationally accepted 4Rs of waste management hierarchy of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover as the primary drivers while disposal shall be the last option. Anticipated hazardous wastes during proposed project implementation may include wet concrete, used oil and oil filter, oily rags, chemical containers, batteries etc. while non-hazardous waste may include general industrial type waste such as vegetal waste, scrap metals, wooden pallets, plastics, paper and cardboard waste, food waste etc.

Waste will be segregated and securely stored on site to enhance reuse and recycling options by local industries. Sanitary facilities will also be provided for sanitary waste by workers. Only approved waste vendor by BASEPA will be engaged to remove waste from site weekly for disposal in approved facilities. The major waste streams anticipated are discussed in Chapter 8 (Section 8.9) with their management options.

CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

4.1 Introduction The description of the baseline conditions of the project area is based on analysis of both primary and secondary data from various sources. The primary data were obtained directly from the project area through a comprehensive data gathering exercise which essentially entailed sampling, observation, in-situ measurement, laboratory assessment, interviews and discussions with affected communities and persons. Secondary data were also sourced from relevant existing published literatures, research studies, maps and textbooks related to the proposed project and those peculiar to the project area. The data gathering covered both biophysical and social environmental components or receptors which may have influence on the project or be affected by any aspect of the project positively or negatively including Climate and Meteorology; Air; Soils and Land; Groundwater; Geology and Hydrogeology; Ecological Biodiversity (Terrestrial Flora and Fauna); and Socio-economic and Community Health.

4.2 The Project Area of Influence The project Area of Influence (AoI) is the area likely to be affected by the proposed construction of 7,000m3 reinforced concrete reservoir. This area is defined based on the extent to which the proposed project activities may interact with the surrounding environment whilst taking into considerations the nature of the project and associated activities, nature of surrounding ecosystem and ecosystem resources, spatial distribution of the affected communities and professional experience of ESIA multidisciplinary team. Consequently, the AoI was determined to include the 1.8ha project site (Buzaye Hills and downhill areas), adjoining areas up to 1km radius drawn from the center of the project site as well as benefitting communities some of which are more than 10km away from the project site. Although these communities will not be directly affected by proposed project activities during construction, however, the proposed pipe network to be extended to these communities will receive water from the reservoir after construction.

4.3 Data Acquisition Approach and Methods The baseline data for the study area was generated using a combination of field studies; analysis of maps, plans, photographs; review of background project documents; structured and semi- structured interviews; social surveys and desk studies. The list below includes the key approach and data acquisition methodologies for the ESIA study: • Reconnaissance survey; • Desktop Studies/Literature Review; • Field data gathering including in-situ measurements; • Laboratory analysis; and • Stakeholder consultations.

Field Data Gathering and in-situ Measurements field data gathering exercise on the biophysical and socio-economic components of the environment was undertaken on 17 – 22 December 2018 covering the delineated study area. The objective of the field exercise was to obtain the baseline data of the proposed project area in order to describe the integrated environmental context of the area. Sampling design and approach were informed by the outcome of the preliminary observations of the entire project zone made during reconnaissance survey and through desktop studies.

The field exercise entailed real-time observations, field sampling and in-situ measurements of fast changing parameters of samples collected from the study area. Samples were preserved on the field and taken to the laboratory for analysis. The environmental components studied include: - Physical Environment – climate & meteorology, ambient air, soils/land, hydrology, groundwater and geology/hydrogeology. - Biological Environment – Ecological biodiversity (terrestrial flora and fauna distribution). - Socioeconomic Environment – demographics, religion/local culture & customs, education, employment, economic livelihood and income, amenities, infrastructure & social services, historical & cultural heritage/properties, community structure/administration, social organizations and institutions, land tenure & use, community health, etc.

The sampling was conducted using pre-determined sampling locations essentially based on ecological features and the geographical location of communities in the study area. Each sampling station was geo-referenced using an Extrex Model Global Positioning System (GPS). The E&S components studied and the methodologies adopted for sampling each component during the field survey are described in the following section 4.4.

Laboratory Analysis Laboratory analyses were conducted for soil and groundwater samples collected during the field sampling exercise using an FMEnv accredited laboratory. The various analytical methods used for analysis of samples in the laboratory are presented alongside the results of analysis in Tables 4.4 and 4.5 for soil and groundwater respectively. The certificate of laboratory analysis is attached as Appendix III.

4.4 Environmental and Social Condition of the Study Area

4.4.1 Climate and Meteorology The study area is in the North East region of Nigeria and falls within the semi-arid climatic zone characterised by two seasonal periods, the dry and wet seasons. The dry season, spanning about five months, is usually from November to March, while the wet season, which is the dominant season, occurs from the months of April to October with peak periods usually in the month of August when the mean monthly rainfall can be up to an average of 321mm. The project region is situated in the tropical zone where the average range of sunshine hours is between 5.25 hours per day in July to about 7.68 hours per day in December. The mean monthly maximum temperature of the study area is between 29.7C – 37.20C with the hottest period usually occurring in the months of March and April. The mean monthly minimum temperature ranged between 13.6C – 23.70C with the lowest mean monthly temperature recorded in the month of December (NIMET, 2018).

4.4.2 Ambient Air

4.4.2.1 Approach and Methods In order to evaluate the prevailing scenario for the air quality and noise level in the study area, in- situ measurements were taken at a height of 2 meters above ground level from 10 selected points spatially distributed in the area including around sensitive receptors such as Guru road and adjoining human dwelling (Figure 4.1). The air quality parameters such as Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations and gaseous pollutants concentrations including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Ammonia (NH3) and

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) were measured. The ambient noise levels in the area were also measured.

The results of the air quality and noise level assessment (including the location of the assessment) in the study area are presented in Table 4.1. The results were compared to the WHO Air Quality and Noise Guidelines (Table 4.2) to determine the prevailing air quality and noise level in the study area.

Table 4.1: Air quality parameters and Noise Level in the study area Dust S/ Sample Noise VOC CO SO NH H S NO GPS Points PM PM 2 3 2 2 N Location dB(A) ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm 2.5 10 N100 18'47.2" 1. Point 1 15 54 58.4 0 0.1 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.00 E90 48'12.7"

N100 18'46.6" 2. Point 2 14 48 49.1 0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 E90 48'10.4"

Point 3 N100 18'44.1" 3. 14 44 53.7 0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.01 E90 48'10.6" Point 4 N100 18'45.8" 4. 13 31 47.4 0 0.0 0.1 0.01 0.0 0.00 E90 48'09.2" Point 5 N100 18'46.2" 5. E90 48'05.9" 15 46 49.8 0 0.0 0.1 0.00 0.0 0.00

Point 6 N100 18'49.6" 6. E90 48'09.1" 14 45 49.4 0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00

Point 7 N100 18'47.6" 7. E90 48'08.8" 17 51 53.3 0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00

Point 8 N100 18'41.0" 8. E90 48'07.1" 15 39 56.2 0 0.1 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 Point 9 N100 18'46.0" 9. E90 48'17.3" 15 46 58 0 0.1 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.01

Point 10 N100 18'47.3" 10 E90 48'03.1" 14 34 55 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.01

Figure 4.1: Map showing the project site and locations of in-situ air quality and noise level measurement Source: BSWSC ESIA GIS Team 2018

Table 4.2: WHO Ambient Air Quality and Noise Level Guidelines Parameter AIR Quality Parameter Guideline Value Averaging Period/Time Base CO 30 ppm (35mg/m3) 1 – hour 3 NO2 200μg/m 1 - hour 3 SO2 0.175 ppm (500 μg/m ) 10mins 3 H2S 7 μg/m 30 mins 3 PM2.5 25 μg/m 24 - hour 3 PM10 50 μg/m 24 - hour Noise Level Industrial Area 70 dB(A) 24 hours Residential Area 55 dB(A) 16 hours

Sources: WHO (2005, 2010).

4.4.2.2 Results of Air Quality and Noise Level Measurement (In-situ) The results show a general trend of acceptable values against WHO standards as most of the pollutants measured including NH3, SO2, NO2 and CO were below acceptable guideline values while H2S and VOC were not detected in all the locations sampled. This is despite anthropogenic activities such as usage of generators and movement of vehicles and motorcycles around the area at the time of measurement.

The only air quality issue observed in the area relates to particulate matter (dust). The concentration of particulate matter ranged from 31 – 54 μg/m3 thus exceeding the WHO guideline value of 50 μg/m3 for residential receptors in two locations in the study area. Fugitive dust is generally an issue especially during the dry season on unpaved surfaces as they are easily lifted by wind or movement of humans, animals, vehicles etc. As at the time of measurement, children were observed playing football on unpaved surfaces with little or no vegetation around Buzaye hill thereby generating considerable amount of dust.

Despite elevation of dust levels in a few locations, the air quality of the study area can be adjudged to be generally good. However, the situation of the area may likely change during the implementation of the proposed project as several earthwork activities including concrete mixing, excavation and earth movement, operation of heavy equipment and vehicles amongst others can aggravate the release of pollutants such as dust, NH3, NO2, SO2, CO, H2S and VOC to the atmosphere thereby leading to elevated levels.

The results of measurements of the ambient noise levels in the study area show that the recorded levels ranged between 47.4 dB(A) and 58.4 dB(A). These levels were generally below WHO guideline value of 55 dB(A) for residential receptors except in three locations along Guru road where slightly elevated noise levels of 58.4, 56.2 and 58.0 dB were recorded. The elevated noise level at these locations was as a result of movement of vehicles and commercial motorcycles on the road at the time of measurement. All measurements were however below 70dB(A) recommended for industrial areas. In a manner similar to air pollutants, noise level is expected to rise intermittently especially during construction due to activities of heavy-duty vehicles and equipment. Appropriate PPE should be provided for workers and considerations should be given to community members who may fall within the buffer zone.

4.4.3 Soils

4.4.3.1 Approach and Methods

A total of 8 soil samples (including 2 control samples) were collected from the project site and surrounding environment from 0 – 15cm (top soil) and 15 – 30cm (sub soil) depths respectively (Figure 4.2) using a stainless-steel hand auger during field data gathering. The control samples were collected across the Bauchi – Plateau road where project impacts are not likely to reach. Soil samples were collected into clean decontaminated containers and stored for transfer to the laboratory for physico-chemical and microbial analyses. Sub samples for microbial analysis were wrapped up using aluminium foil. All samples collected were preserved in ice chest and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The results of the physical, chemical/ microbial analysis of soil samples from the study area are presented in Tables 4.3 and 4.4 respectively.

Table 4.3: Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area

Sand Fractions (%) (%) Total

Field

Code VCS CS MS FS VFS SILT CLAY 3

2000- 1000- 500- 250- 100- SAN 50- < 2 Textual Colour

Porosity % Porosity Bulk Dry Density Permeability g/cm 1000 500 250 100 50 D 2μm μm Class Appearance (Munsell) SS1A Sandy Fine 30.56 1.39 0.10 Clayish (Topsoil) 11.48 14.10 25.12 13.44 0.27 70.44 1.84 25.09 Loam 5YR4/6 SS1B 11.50 15.75 27.99 13.18 0.24 68.64 1.21 29.92 Sandy Fine 55.36 1.32 0.15 Clayish (Subsoil) Loam 10YR6/2 SS2A 13.86 18.32 30.97 13.39 0.26 76.77 1.00 21.98 Sandy Fine 55.56 1.39 0.07 Reddish (Topsoil) Loam 10YR5/6 SS2B 17.59 15.92 28.87 13.05 0.29 75.72 1.00 22.91 Sandy Fine 62.16 1.35 0.14 Brown (Subsoil) Loam 10YR5/2 SS3A 19.17 23.35 29.96 10.61 0.17 83.26 0.70 15.91 Loamy Fine 63.16 1.32 0.13 Brownish (Topsoil) Sand 5YR6/1 SS3B 11.08 22.64 31.97 12.05 0.22 77.92 0.84 21.12 Sandy Fine 73.78 1.47 0.07 Brown (Subsoil) Loam 5YR6/2 SSC1 13.20 17.23 31.84 14.84 0.12 77.13 1.51 21.30 Sandy Fine 80.00 1.43 0.90 Brownish (Topsoil) Loam 10YR6/2 SSC2 10.43 16.95 32.27 15.19 0.24 75.08 1.63 23.28 Sandy Fine 82.86 1.43 0.14 Greyish (Subsoil) Loam 10YR7/1 *VCS – Very Coarse Sand, CS – Coarse Sand, MS-Medium Sand, FS – Fine Sand, VFS – Very Fine Sand

Figure 4.2: Map showing the project site and locations of soil sampling

Table 4.4: Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL Parameters & Units Methodology SS1A (Top Soil) SS1B (Sub-Soil) SS2A (Top Soil) SS2B (Sub-Soil) SS3A (Topsoil) SS3B (Sub-Soil) Ctrl A (Topsoil) Ctrl B (Sub-Soil) FMEnv Location Project Site (South) Project Site (North) Near CPC Building Across Bauchi-Plateau Rd Limit Geo-location N10.31274 N10.31274 N10.31281 N10.31281 N10.31455E09 N10.31455 N10.31642 N10.31642 E09.80355 E09.80355 E09.80190 E09.80190 .80260 E09.80260 E09.80206 E09.80206 pH @250C Electrometric 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.8 6.8 5.8 5.6 5.7 6 - 9 Temperature.o/C Thermoelectric 27.2 26.9 27.0 26.7 26.6 26.9 27.0 27.0 <40 Conductivity µS/cm Electrometric 70 71 69 67 330 320 123 120 1000 Moisture Content % Gravimetric 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.0 2.5 5.0 NS Vanadium mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 Nil 0.001 0.01 0.01 NS Total Nitrogen % Colorimetric 0.13 0.11 0.26 0.001 0.13 0.032 0.029 1.01 Avail. Phosphorus Colorimetric 0.71 0.69 0.81 0.92 0.57 0.61 0.80 0.76 SO4-2 mg/kgDW Colorimetric 47.1 39.9 51.3 61.2 55.9 60.7 66.1 67.1 500 NO3- mg/kgDW Colorimetric 2.81 3.11 1.70 1.80 1.90 1.70 2.17 2.09 20 Ni mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.010 0.01 0.02 0.032 0.021 0.05 Fe2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.43 0.71 1.76 1.67 0.90 0.92 2.10 2.10 1.5 Pb2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.02 Nil 0.001 Nil 0.002 0.001 Nil Nil 0.05 Zn2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.32 0.44 0.50 0.23 1.09 1.10 0.36 0.76 5.0 Cu2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.37 0.41 0.53 0.51 0.10 0.41 0.30 0.31 0.1 Mg2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 7.0 7.10 7.8 7.10 30.5 30.6 12.5 12.6 50 Mn2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.70 0.80 0.71 0.78 1.0 1.0 0.95 0.91 NS Ca2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 30.1 30.2 30.0 30.0 140 140.7 50.5 50.0 150 As mg/kgDW Colorimetric ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 Na2+ mg/kgDW Flametric 2.8 1.8 1.9 2.9 4.1 1.0 2.7 0.4 NS K2+ mg/kgDW Flametric 5.1 7.8 4.9 7.8 16.1 6.8 56.7 34.4 NS Cl- mg/kgDW Colorimetric 35.5 34.7 45.7 45.6 55.6 56.7 45.7 44.5 NS Chromium mg/KgDW Colorimetric 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.08 Cobalt mg/KgDW Colorimetric ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND - Hg mg/KgDW EPA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND - Cd mg/KgDW Colorimetric 0.002 0.001 ND ND ND ND 0.001 0.001 PO4- mg/KgDW Colorimetric 0.70 0.71 0.65 0.66 0.49 0.50 0.61 0.62 Organic Matter % Gravimetric 40 42 45 45 53.0 53.5 43.1 43.5 NS Oil & Grease Titrimetric 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.9 20 NS RESULT OF MICROBIOLOGY ANAKYSIS OF SOIL THB Count Cfu/g 3x105 3x105 2x105 2x105 3x105 3x105 1x105 1x105 NS TCC Cfu/100ml Plate count 6x102 6x102 1x103 1x103 1x103 1x103 2x103 2.5102 NS FCC MPN/100ml Fermentation 2x102 2x102 1x102 1x102 3x102 3x102 9x101 9x101 NS E.coli Cfu/100ml Plate Count Nil Nil Nil Nil 6.0 6.0 4 5 NS Yeast & Mold Cfu/g Plate Count 7 6 3 2 9 8 5 4 NS *ND – Not Detected, SS – Soil Sample, DW – Dry Weight, TCC – Total Coliform Counts, FCC – Feacal Coliform Count, THB – Total Heterotrophic Bacteria, NS – Not Specified.

4.4.3.2 Soil Physical Properties The soils in the study area are predominantly sandy in nature with particles of varying aggregates ranging from very fine sand to very coarse sand. However, the soil texture is predominantly sandy loam with medium, light, fine and loose particles thereby making the soils very porous, highly permeable and well aerated. The porosity of the soils ranged from 30.56 – 82.86% while its permeability ranged from 0.07 – 0.15g/cm3. In view of their sandy loam texture, they have low to very low water holding capacity and high hydraulic conductivity and thereby can be prone to erosion and run-off if exposed during construction. The colour of the soils is greyish to brownish with formation ages are between 5.0 – 10.0 years. The project area is mostly occupied by Buzaye hill with limited soil and rock outcrops in the downhill locations where most construction activities will take place.

4.4.3.3 Soil Chemical Properties

• pH, Conductivity and Moisture Content The pH of soils in the study area ranged from 5.8 – 6.8 suggesting that the soils are predominantly slightly acidic. The electrical conductivity of soils in the area ranged from 67 – 330 µS/cm. Soil organic matter content which indicates the amount of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition in the soil ranged from 40-53.5%. The high organic content levels in soil indicate generally high soil nutrient in the area.

• Soil Anions -2 - 3- The anions especially SO4 , NO3 and PO4 are usually the ionic and utilisable forms in which nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur, which are essential plant nutrients present in the soil, are available to plants. The nitrite concentration in the soil ranged from 1.7 – 3.11 mg/kg, Sulphate concentrations were much higher and ranged from 39.9 – 61.2 mg/kg while the concentration level of phosphate ranged from 0.49 – 0/71 mg/kg. Based on the recorded concentration of anions, the soils of the study area can be adjudged to be of moderately fertility.

• Soil Exchangeable Cations The major exchangeable cations in soil are Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca 2+), Magnesium (Mg2+) and Sodium (Na+). These cations are easily dissolved into solution in the soil, making them readily available for uptake by the roots of plants as nutrients. In the study area, the concentration level of magnesium ranged from 7.0 - 30.6 mg/kg, Sodium ranged from 1.0 – 4.9 mg/Kg while Calcium concentration is much higher and ranged from 30.0 – 140.7 mg/kg. In general, the concentration levels of soils exchangeable cations recorded were generally moderate. This event is also consistent with the recorded levels of anions indicating moderate soil fertility in the study area.

• Heavy Metals The heavy metals analysed in soil include mercury, cobalt, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and arsenic. Although, these metals in the right quantity are trace elements which are essential micronutrients that support plant growth, however, they are toxic in high concentrations. The heavy metals concentrations recorded in the soil samples were generally low and were all within acceptable values recommended for soil by FMEnv. Arsenic, cobalt and mercury were not detected at all in soils of the study area while cadmium was only detected in both top and sub soil in the southern end of Buzaye Hill with insignificantly low concentration ranging from 0.001 – 0.002 mg/kg. The concentration level of zinc ranged from 0.23 – 1.10 mg/kg, nickel concentration ranged from 0.006 – 0.02mg/kg, lead concentration level ranged from 0.0 – 0.02 mg/kg, manganese

ranged from 0.7 – 1.0 mg/kg. The concentration levels of chromium ranged from 0.09 – 0.1 mg/kg while iron concentrations ranged from 0.43 – 1.76 mg/kg. Amongst heavy metals measured in soil, only copper levels were elevated with concentration ranging from 0.1 – 0.53 mg/kg as against the recommended threshold of 0.1mg/kg recommended by FMEnv.

4.4.3.4 Soil Microbial Properties The result of soil samples collected from the study area indicated the present of the following microbes:

The total Coliforms count ranged between 600 - 1000 cfu/100ml of which the faecal coliform count ranged from 100 - 300 cfu/100ml. E.coli was only present in samples collected outside of the project site with count of 6.0 cfu/100ml in both top and sub-soil. The presence of this group of bacteria indicates possible human defecation on bushes around the area.

4.4.4 Groundwater

4.4.4.1 Approach and Methods In order to assess the quality of existing groundwater resources in the study area, a total of four (4) groundwater samples were collected from existing boreholes and hand dug wells in the study area. Whilst 2 samples were collected from existing boreholes around the project sites, 2 other samples were collected from benefiting communities of Guru (hand-dug well) and Wintin Dada (Borehole) as shown in Figure 4.3. The water samples were collected into 1-litre polyethylene bottles for general physico-chemical analysis. Samples for heavy metals analysis were collected separately in plastic containers and fixed with diluted nitric acid (10ml HNO3 in 100ml of Distilled Water). Pre-sterilized 50ml McCartney bottles were used for samples meant for microbial analysis. In-situ measurements of fast degrading parameters including pH, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Temperature, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were taken at each location using calibrated Extech Digital DO700 meter. All samples collected were preserved on ice chest and transported to the laboratory for further analysis.

Figure 4.3: Map showing the project site and locations of groundwater sampling and in-situ measurement

The results of the physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of the analyzed groundwater samples were then compared with the WHO Guidelines for drinking water 2011. The physico- chemical and microbial characteristics of groundwater in the study area is presented in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Physical, Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Groundwater RESULT OF PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER WHO Parameters & Units Methodology GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 Standard Borehole (near Borehole Hand-dug Well Borehole at project site (Hazibal Hotel) at Guru Wintin Dada N10.31053 N10.31077 N10.32138 N10.31576 E09.80172 E09.80104 E09.79076 E09.76771 Colour Comparator Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Odour Sense Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Taste Sense Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Temperature Thermometric 26.0 27.0 26.0 26.5 <40 RESULT OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER pH@25o/C Electrometric 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.9 6.5-8.0 DO mg/l Electrometric 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.1 NS COD mg/l Reflux 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 NS BOD mg/l Nanometric 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 NS Salinity mg/l Electrometric 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 NS Conductivity µS/cm Electrometric 196 290 221 180 NS T. Chlorine mg/l Colorimetric 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.16 5.0 T. Alkalinity mg/l Colorimetric 65 60 59 65 NS T. Hardness mg/l Colorimetric 68 59 48 64 NS TDS mg/l Electrometric 100 146 110 145 NS Turbidity NTU Turbidimetric 0.49 0.51 0.43 0.30 NS TSS mg/l Gravimetric 1.5 2.0 1.40 1.90 NS Phosphate mg/l Colorimetric 0.15 0.09 0.04 0.09 NS Ammonia mg/l Colorimetric 3.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 NS Nitrate mg/l Colorimetric 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.1 11 Nitrite mg/l Colorimetric 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.9 Sodium mg/l Flametric 36.0 34.7 45.6 33.6 NS Potassium mg/l Flametric 9.1 17.1 90.8 12.6 NS Magnesium mg/l Colorimetric 12.9 18.7 15.0 14.9 NS Calcium mg/l Colorimetric 50.5 75.0 61.5 57.0 NS T. Iron mg/l Colorimetric 0.45 0.35 0.25 0.10 NS Aluminum mg/l Colorimetric ND ND Nd ND 0.1 – 0.2 Lead mg/l Colorimetric ND ND ND ND 0.01 Chromium mg/l Colorimetric 0.002 0.002 0.001 ND 0.05 Manganese mg/l Colorimetric 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.06 NS RESULT OF MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER Thermotolerant Plate count 7 4 8 8 0 Bacteria Salmonella Plate count Nil Nil Nil Nil 0 Bacteria Plate count Plate count 1x102 1x102 2x102 1.5x102 1x102 cfu/ml TCC cfu/100ml Plate count 5 2 6 7 E. Coli cfu/100ml Plate count NIL Nil Nil Nil 0 Salmonella Plate count 0 0 0 0 0 cfu/100ml *ND – Not Detected, GW – Groundwater, DO – Dissolved Oxygen, COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand, BOD – Biological Oxygen Demand, TDS – Total Dissolved Solids, TSS – Total Suspended Solids, TCC – Total Coliform Counts, NS – Not Specified

4.4.4.2 Groundwater Physico-chemical Properties

The results of the analysis of the groundwater show that most of the parameters measured in samples taken from all the 4 sampling points during field data gathering were within the WHO guideline value for drinking water except for pH.

◼ pH The pH values of most water samples were slightly below the recommended levels for drinking water. The pH values recorded ranged from 5.6 to 6.0 indicating the water sources were of slight acidity. These values fall below the threshold of 6.5 – 8.0 set by WHO for drinking water. WHO however does not provide a health-based guideline value for pH because it has no direct health impact on consumers. pH is one of the most important operational water quality parameters as it may either be an indicator of the presence of impurities in water including heavy metals or due to the geology of the area.

◼ Turbidity Turbidity is a unit of measurement quantifying the degree to which light travelling through a water column is scattered by suspended organic (including algae) and inorganic particles. In a more broader and general term, turbidity can be referred to as a measure of “cloudiness“ in water. It is of general concern in water due to aesthetic considerations, filterability and disinfection. As turbidity level increases, the aesthetic value decreases, and the filtration of water is rendered more difficult and costlier, reducing the effectiveness of disinfection procedure. The turbidity level of the groundwater samples was very low and ranged from 0.30 to 0.51 NTU which is below the acceptable level of 1.0 NTU set by FMEnv. There is no WHO guideline value for turbidity as there is no significant health implication attributed to turbidity in drinking water.

◼ Total Solids and Conductivity Suspended solids consist of inorganic fractions of silt, clay, calcium, potassium, bicarbonates, chlorides etc. or organic fractions such as algae, zooplankton, bacteria and detritus or immiscible liquids such as oil and grease that impart turbidity characteristics to water within the water column. These usually occur as objectionable by-products in water. The total suspended solid in groundwater ranged from 1.4 – 2.0mg/L indicating that the values of TSS in all groundwater samples were below FMEnv recommended levels of 10mg/l. The recorded conductivity which is an index of the total dissolved solids in water ranged from 180 - 290 µS/cm. The TDS concentrations ranged between 100 - 146 mg/L.

◼ Nitrate, Nitrite and Phosphate The concentration of Nitrate and Nitrite ranged from 1.5 – 2.1 mg/l and 0.01- 0.02. For phosphate, the concentration level ranged from 0.04 – 0.15 mg/l. The concentrations of magnesium ranged from 12.9 – 18.7 mg/l.

◼ Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium and Aluminium The concentration of Potassium ranged from 9.1 – 90.8 mg/l, calcium ranged from 50.5 – 75.0 mg/l while magnesium ranged from 12.9 – 18.7 mg/l. Aluminium was not detected in all water samples.

◼ Heavy Metals For heavy metals, lead was not detected in groundwater samples. The concentration levels of other heavy metals analysed including iron and chromium were within permissible and recommended limits prescribed by WHO.

4.4.4.3 Groundwater Microbial Properties

The coliform group of organisms is the primary bacterial indicator used in determining the potability or otherwise of a particular water system. Ideally, drinking water should not contain any microorganisms known to be pathogenic and should also be free from bacteria indicative of pollution with excreta (feacal pollution). The presence of coliforms and some thermo tolerant bacteria provides evidence of contamination of water sources in the study area with potential disease causing organisms. The total coliform comprises of all the coliform group of organisms. There were however no presence E-coli and Salmonella in all the water samples. 4.4.4.4 Groundwater Use Access to ground water in the project area is gained through hand-dug wells and manual pump boreholes. The predominant use of groundwater in the study area is for domestic purposes including drinking, washing, cooking, bathing amongst others.

4.4.5 Geology and Hydrogeology

4.4.5.1 Geology The study area lies generally at an altitude of about 600m above sea level, being part of the central Nigeria highlands and Jos Plateau complex. However, two broad relief zones characterize the area, as follows: • A western high land area of hill ranges, including the northern edges of the Jos Plateau complex. This is part of the crystalline rock area in central northern Nigeria. The hill ranges are developed on basement complex rocks, in an area which is also characterised by extensive plateau surfaces and volcanic extrusions. The base of the hill ranges is generally at the 600m level, while peaks rise to 700.6m on the hills. The Buzaye hill where the proposed concrete reservoir will be located is part of the hill ranges of the western plateau. • A central high plain (of the Hausa land) area, belonging to the Kerri Kerri and " Gombe sandstone and shale, of Tertiary Age. Isolated hills punctuate the high plain in several places and reach heights '' of 798.5m on the Lamurde hill, and 816.4m on the Ligri hill. Indeed, most of the isolated hills in this zone are over 760m.

4.4.5.2 Hydrology, Drainage and Hydrogeology The project area is drained by several river systems. The dominant one is River Gongola which originates in the Jos Plateau area, and traverses in a southwest-north east direction through the southern LGAs of Bauchi state and thence, to Gombe State. It has numerous headwaters and tributaries within both Bauchi and Plateau states. They include Rivers Surr, Lere, Maijuju, Rafin Bagel, Gangala and Gubi in the southwest part; Rivers Guji, Yuli, Ruhu, Dukut and Panana in the south and south-east parts. Through these tributaries and several other smaller streams and rivulets, the Gongola system provides considerable advantages for Plateau and Bauchi states.

The study area can be adjudged to have considerable surface drainage systems that could be harnessed for development purposes. One of which is the Gubi tributaries which was dammed at Bauchi State as the source of water supply for the proposed concrete reservoir. This is more so, because much of the area lies within very poor groundwater provinces. For instance, within the basement complex crystalline rock areas, ground water is very unpredictable. Only secondary aquifers occur in rock fractures, joints or weathering profiles. Water table is restricted to sub- basins in localised, isolated patches. Borehole yields are often very variable. In the sandstone areas, ground water occurs mainly within depths of 183m with moderate yields of about 5,000 litres per hour. Groundwater from this formation is generally used for domestic and industrial purposes.

4.4.6 Ecology This section describes the flora and fauna, habitat status, composition, density and distribution of the project zone as well as the study area.

4.4.6.1 Vegetation (Flora) The study area falls within the Sudan Savannah vegetation belt of Nigeria (see figure 4.4). This region is characterized by relatively long dry season lasting 5-7months resulting in less woody species compared to the Forest belt or even the Guinea Savannah. Thus, the regional vegetation is a mixture of grasses and low growing shrubs and trees. The Guinea Savannah region in Nigeria is currently experiencing desert encroachment which is greatly exacerbated by human activities such as over cultivation, overgrazing, etc. The states within this region in Nigeria (including Bauchi) are presented in the map in figure 4.4 below.

Figure 4.4: Vegetation map of Nigeria (Study area is in Bauchi State, indicated by a red square)

The project site is the Buzaye hill which falls within Bauchi town and as such vegetation is limited to grasses, low growing shrubs and trees growing in the crevices of the rock and at downhill locations where there is availability of soil. The area is surrounded by paved surfaces, residential areas and road network, consequently, about 10 floral species were identified on the hill as shown in Table 4.6. The two types of grass species identified are Chloris sp (Rhode grass) and Setaria sp (Indian Bristegrass) with the most abundant being the Chloris species (Plate 4.1 – 4.2).

Plate 4.1: Chloris Species (Rhode grass) Plate 4.2: Setaria Species (Indian Bristegrass)

Tree species include Acacia ataxacantha (Flame Thorn), Bombax ceiba (Cotton), Ficus sp (Fig), Terminalia glaucescens (Bauche) and Hyphaene thebaica (Dum palm) (Plates 4.3 – 4.6).

Plate 4.3: Hyphaene thebaica (Dum Palm) Plate 4.4: Bombax ceiba (Cotton)

Plate 4.5: Terminalia glaucescens (Bauche) Plate 4.6: Ficus sp (Fig)

There are also 3 species of shrubs/herbs namely, Euphorbia aphylla, Crotalaria sp (Smooth rattlebox) and Acamptopappus sp identified growing at the base of the existing reservoir and rock crevices as shown in Plates 4.7 – 4.8).

Plate 4.7: Euphorbia aphylla Plate 4.8: Crotalaria sp (Smooth rattlebox).

Table 4.6: Floristic Composition of Buzaye Hill S/N Family Species Common Name Habit (Scientific Name) 1 Fabaceae Acacia ataxacantha Flame Thorn Tree 2 Bombacaceae Bombax ceiba Cotton Tree Tree 3 Moraceae Ficus sp Fig tree Tree 4 Combretaceae Terminalia glaucescens Báúshe (Hausa) Tree 5 Poaceae Chloris sp Rhodes grass Grass 41

6 Poaceae Setaria sp Cattail/Indian bristlegrass Grass 7 Fabaceae Crotalaria sp Smooth rattlebox Shrub 8 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia aphylla Leafless Spurge Shrub/Herb 9 Arecaceae Hyphaene thebaica Dum Palm Tree 10 Asteraceae Acamptopappus sp Golden head Shrub

4.4.6.2 Fauna The study area is rocky in nature, located within the Bauchi metropolis and surrounded by human dwellings and road network. The rocky nature of the environment does not allow for vegetal cover in most parts of the hill. As a result, the fauna species encountered are mostly small sized mammals, mostly rodents including Black and Brown rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus). Reptiles include Agama Lizard (Agama agama) and snake. The lower macro fauna especially the arthropods are the most dominant invertebrate fauna mostly found around the shaded and wet areas especially around the existing steel reservoir. The invertebrates identified include Spider (Achaeranea tepidariorum), Scorpion (Buthus occitanus), Mosquitoes (Anopheles sp.), Tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans), Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) e.t.c.

4.4.7 Socioeconomics 4.4.7.1 Methodology Primary and secondary data were used for the study and our primary data was generated through primary survey whose sampling was evenly spread across the villages that constitute the project area of influence, using a combination of strategic survey techniques which include in-depth interview, focus group discussions (FGD) and household questionnaire. Secondary data was gotten from Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation and other government agencies such as Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) and National Population Commission.

4.4.7.1 Traditional Governance Structure The project communities believe in the traditional governance citadel. Below is the traditional governance structure in place in Bauchi:

Sarki (Emir)

Hakimi (District Head)

Maigunduma/ Dagaci (Village Head)

Mai anguwa (Ward Head)

Figure 4.5: Governance Structure in the Project Community

The Emir (Sarki Bauchi) is the apex traditional ruler. He wields great influence on sociocultural and political environment in Bauchi State. Next to the Emir is the Hakimi (District Head). The project area falls under Miri district which comprises of many villages including but not limited to Wutin Dada, Yelwa Makarnta and Guru. The Maiagunduma or Dagaci (village heads) report to the Hakimi on issues that take place in their respective villages. Each village is made up of wards and the ward heads are called Mai anguwa and are answerable to Maigunduma/Dacaci. For dispute resolution, the Mai anguwa (ward head) settles disputes between persons in his ward. Cases that are not resolved at the ward head level are usually referred to the village head for settlement. If any issue cannot be resolved by the village head, it is usually referred to the district head.

4.4.7.3 Demography

Population and sample size Based on the 2006 population census, Bauchi LGA with an area of 3,687km2 has a population of 493,810 people which constitute 52% males and 48% females. However, the population of Bauchi LGA now stands at an estimated population of 740,700 (based on NPC projected annual increase of 3.4%) (NPC, 2016). The project area is estimated to constitute about 70% of the geographical spread of Bauchi LGA and therefore, using the rule of thumb (as there is no official population figure for communities) is estimated to have over 350,000 people. Based on the estimated population above, a sample size of 440 was established using STAT 2 analytical tool. The 440 sample was randomly drawn from 3 villages of project area of influence including Guru, Wutin-Dada and Yelwa Makaranta.

Demographic Attributes of Respondents The Table below gives the demographic attributes of respondents from the Project areas

Table 4.7: Demographic Attributes of Respondents in project Areas Item Category Result Percentage Representation Sample population Male 280 63.6 Female 160 36.4 Total 440 100% Age 20 -30 years 110 25 31 -40 years 110 25 41 -50 years 90 20.5 51 -60 years 80 18.2 61 and above 50 11.3 Total 440 100% Marital Status Married 380 86.4 Single 40 9 Divorced 20 4.6 Total 440 100% Religion Islam 270 61.4 Christianity 150 34 Traditional worship 20 4.6 Total 440 100% Av No of wives One wife 120 42.8 Two wives 140 50 More than 2 wives 20 7.2 Total for Married 280 100% People Av. No of Children in - 7 - 43

Source: Field Survey (December 2018)

• Age Our respondents were adults from 20 years and above. Table 4.7 indicates that 50% of the respondents fall within the age bracket of 20 to 40 years, while other age brackets (40 to 50, 50 to 60 and above) were equally significantly represented as shown in the chart below. The key policy implication of the age sample design of this study is that all the relevant age groups were significantly represented.

Figure 4.6: Age Brackets of Respondents

• Marital status Figure 4.7 below is derived from the output in Table 4.7 which reveals that over 86% of the respondents are married, while the proportions of singles and divorced persons stand at 9% and 4.6%. The implication of this result is that the project areas constitute more of households who are most likely to have children and dependents to be affected by the condition of water supply in the area.

Figure 4.7: Marital Status of Respondents

• Religion There are two prominent religions in the project area as indicated in Table 4.7 above. Islam has a larger followership with about 270 respondents (61%), followed by Christianity with 150 respondents (34%), while Traditional worship is engaged in by 20 respondents corresponding to < 5% of the respondents.

• Average Number of Wives in Households The chart below (Figure 4.8) shows that 50% of the married respondents have two or more wives, while about 42% have one wife each. This result is an indicator of large family size and related well-being deficit (poverty) that exist in the project area.

Figure 4.8: Average Number of Wives Per Man in the Project Community

Table 4.8 Demographic Attributes of Respondents in project Areas

Parameters Category Result Percentage Type/Level of No Education (illiterate) 120 27.2 Education Islamic 50 11.5 Primary Education 70 15.9 Secondary Education 100 22.7 Tertiary Education 100 22.7 Total 440 100% Occupation Farming 160 36.4 Artisan 20 4.5 Pensioner 10 2.25 Civil Servant 60 13.6 Trader 150 34 No response 40 9 Total 440 100% Income per month <₦15,000 130 29.5 ₦15,000- ₦29,000 120 27.3 ₦30,000-N59,000 60 13.6 ₦60,000-₦99,000 50 11.4 ₦100,000- ₦300,000 40 9 Above ₦300,000 10 2.25 No response 30 6.8 Total 440 100% Behavioral Pattern on Food 440 HH 100% expenditure 45

Transport 380HH 86% Water 250HH 57% School fees 340HH 77% Healthcare 320HH 73% House rent 100HH 22% Energy 240HH 55% Source: Field Survey (2018)

• Average Number of Children in Households The average number of children in households of respondents is seven (7) and is likely to be connected with the polygamy situation that characterizes the households in the project area. The result shows the project area has a high number of dependents and people living in households which often outweighs existing infrastructure and household utility in place.

• Highest Education Attained by Respondents The survey sought to investigate Education attainment in the project area, because this is important for several reasons. It helps to describe in partial terms the reasons for the nature of livelihood in the project area and of course, explains the probable reasons behind the income level and per capita of the people of the area. In other hand, it also plays a role in the present circumstance, as it will guide project proponents to know the kind of employment and roles the people of the project area are capable of playing during project implementation.

Figure 4.9: Type/level of education

Table 4.8 shows that 270 respondents (61.3%) of the respondents have had at least one form of formal education or another, while 50 respondents (11.4%) have had education in Islamic studies. The number of respondents with no formal education is 120 representing 27.2%. The level of the population with no formal education is high and thus requires to be vigorously addressed, it is also pertinent to recognize that there are good number of potential workforce as evidence by the proportion that have completed secondary school and those that have attained tertiary education (22.7% respectively).

• Occupation For occupation, 160 people (36.4%) are farmers and 150 respondents (34%) are into trading indicating that farming and trading are the major occupation of respondents in the project area. This is further expounded in the chart in figure 4.10.

Figure 4.10: Occupation Pattern of Respondents

• Income level The income pattern in the project area is well depicted in the chart below which is derived from Table 4.8. It shows that majority of the respondents (56%) representing 250 people in the project area earn less than ₦30,000 per month. The result indicates that majority of the people are poor based on the UN Sustainable Development Goal Poverty threshold of US$1.90 per day. Therefore, providing hygienic water at a reduced cost will be helpful and income saving to the less income group who are presently constrained to buy water at high cost amidst spending their lean income on other competitive needs.

Figure 4.11: Income Pattern in the Project Area

• Behavioral pattern on expenditure Table 4.8 shows seven most critical items for which households in the project area spend their income on, and the ranking of pattern of occurrences which demonstrates priority. The outcome is as illustrated in figure 4.12.

Figure 4.12: Expenditure Pattern on Key Items Source: Field Survey, 2018

Table 4.9: Expenditure Pattern on Key Items

(Naira) Food % Energy % Education % Transport % Health % Accommod ation % Water Range Range % <5000 10 2.3 140 58 50 14.7 180 42.8 150 46.9 30 30 150 60 5000-14,000 160 36.4 100 42 90 26.5 140 33.3 120 37.5 10 10 100 40 15,000-24,000 140 31.7 0 0 70 20.6 0 0 40 12.5 20 20 0 0 25,000-34,000 60 13.6 0 0 80 23.5 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 35,000-44,000 30 7.0 0 0 10 2.9 100 23.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,000+ 40 9.0 0 0 40 11.8 0 0 10 3.1 20 20 0 0 Total Response & ratio (%) Of the 440 respondents 440 100 240 54.5 340 77 420 95 320 73 100 23 250 57 Source: Field Survey (2018)

Food, education and perhaps accommodation are the items that have greatest expenditure distribution spread. Table 4.9 shows that respondents spend between N5000 to N45,000 per month on Food, with majority (70.4%) spending not more than N24,000 in a month on food. However, on drinking water, the table shows that of the 250 that responded to the question on expenditure on water, majority of them (68%) spend between ₦500-₦1000 on water, while 25% spend less than ₦500 on water. About 7% spend between ₦1,100 – ₦5,000 on water per month.

Table 4.10: Source of Water Source No of respondents As % of sample Borehole (Public) 100 22.7 Borehole (Private) 40 9.1 Well 120 27.3 River/Stream 60 13.6

Water Vendor 120 27.3 Source: Field Survey (2018)

Figure 4.13 is a graphical presentation of the output in Table 4.10 which shows that 27.3% of respondents get their water from water vendors and wells respectively, while 22.7% get their water from public boreholes. Other sources of water include rivers/streams (13.6%) and private boreholes (9.1%).

Figure 4.13: Source of Drinking Water

Table 4.11: Average Quantity of Water Demand by Households Ranges for Quantity of Water No of respondents As % of sample <20 litres/day 20 4.5 20-50 litres/day 50 11.4 50 -100 litres/day 150 34.1 100-200litres/day 170 38.6 Above 200 litres 50 11.4 Source: Field Survey (2018)

The Table 4.11 shows that about 84% of the respondents use between 50-200liters of water per day. While about 15% use less than 50 liters of water daily. Only 11.4% of respondents require above 200liters for daily use.

Table 4.12: Willingness to Pay for Water Are you willing to pay for No of respondents As % of sample improved Water System Yes 410 93.2 No 10 2.3 Undecided 20 4.5 Source: Field Survey (2018)

Table 4.12 shows that 93.2% of respondents in the project area are willing to pay for improved water systems, however 2.3% are not. About 4.5% of them are undecided about whether or not they are willing to pay for improved water systems.

Table 4.13: Minimum Amount Willing to Pay Range per month No of respondents As % of sample ₦200 - ₦500 150 34.1

₦500 – ₦1000 260 59.1 ₦1000 – ₦2000 30 6.8

Table 4.13 shows that 59.1% are willing to pay between the sums of ₦500 – ₦1000. While 34.1% are willing to pay less than ₦500. Others (6.8%) are willing to pay between ₦1000 – ₦2000.

• Sanitation and Public Health The residents of the project area are predominantly aware of the importance of visiting the healthcare facilities for their health care needs. There are the presence of healthcare facilities especially clinics and primary health centers across the communities covered in the study except Guru Village. Generally, healthcare facilities found in the project area include primary health care, maternity centers, general hospital, clinics and private hospitals. Common illnesses in the communities are malaria, typhoid, cough, yellow fever, diarrhea, and skin diseases/rashes.

Table 4.14 Type of Toilet Facilities Type of Toilet Facilities Available No of respondents As % of sample to Respondents Water closet 12 27.3 Pit Latrine 27 61.3 Bush 5 11.4

Table 4.14 shows that majority of respondents (61.3%) have pit latrines as the toilet facility available to them. Other toilet facilities available to the respondents are water closet used by 27.3% of the respondents and defecation in the bush which is the practice for 11.4% of the respondents.

Table 4.15: Method of Disposal of Household Waste Waste Disposal Options No of respondents As % of sample Burning 200 45.5 Open dump 100 22.7 Near bush 20 4.5 Organize Waste Collection 120 27.3

The waste management practice in the project area is generally poor. The Respondents predominately burn their wastes (45.5%), about 27% uses organized waste collection while open dump is practiced by about 23% of the people of the project area.

Table 4.16: Type of Shelter where Respondents Live Type of Shelter where respondents live No of As % of the sample proportion Respondents Brick House with corrugated roof cover 230 52% Mud House with corrugated roof cover 100 23% Mud house with thatch roof cover 110 25%

Number of Persons living in a room 2 -3 persons 190 55.8% 4 -5 persons 80 23.5% 6 -8 50 14.7% 9 and above 20 5%

Type of shelter where respondents live and number of persons per room Table 16 above shows that 52% of the respondents live in brick houses with corrugated roof cover. While 48% of them live in mud houses with either corrugated or thatch roof cover. About 55.8% of respondents have 2-3 persons living in a room, while 23.5% have 4-5 persons in a room. Respondents who have 6-8 persons sleeping in a room constitute 14.7% while greater than or equal to 9 persons in a room are 5%. Standard for average number of people per room in occupied housing unit to avoid crowding is 3 persons (WHO 2016). This means that those in crowded room living conditions in the project area constitute about 44% of the population.

• Communities Concerns The communities expect the project to improve existing infrastructure and provide employment for the youth of the area. The major fears from the project are likelihood of abandonment of the project, land acquisition, destruction of farmlands, air pollution, noise from construction equipment and cultural interference. These issues are further reiterated in the Chapter on public consultation.

CHAPTER FIVE: PROJECT ALTERNATIVES AND OPTIONS 5.1 Introduction Various alternatives and options were considered for the proposed project in line with the overall objectives of the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State. Essentially, the project was conceptualised to strengthen the existing water supply system and support the incoming extension of services to new areas. The alternatives considered include rehabilitation of the existing steel reservoir versus construction of a new one, type of material for the proposed reservoir as well as other methods of achieving the objectives of NUWSRP-3. The options considered include the No Project Development, Delayed Project Development and Immediate Project Development.

5.2 Rehabilitation of Existing Reservoir vs Construction of a New one The existing storage facility is a steel rectangular reservoir with storage capacity of 876m3. The reservoir was constructed in 1983 to store water for distribution to Bauchi town. Having been rehabilitated many times, it appears to have reached the end of its operational life span. In addition, there are currently multiple leaks on all sides of the reservoir thus requiring extensive rehabilitation work. The capacity of the reservoir was considered enough to meet the water demand in the area at the time of construction. As the population of Bauchi town grew larger and with the springing up of satellite communities, the capacity of the reservoir could no longer serve the city. Currently, the area being served by the reservoir barely get water for up to 7 hours daily. In addition, some areas including Jidda Quarters, Unguwar Sarakuna, Inkil, Yelwa Tudu, Rafin Zurfi and Gwallameji have existing pipe network but cannot be supplied with water due to the insufficient capacity of the existing reservoir.

The interventions under NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State include the extension of water network to new areas within Bauchi town and satellite areas including Sabon Kaura, Guru, Tsohon Kamfani, Sabon Layi, as well as settlements around the Vocational School, Airport and Federal Secretariat amongst others. The interventions also include increasing the capacity of the Gubi dam water treatment plant to make more water available for supply to these new areas. Consequently, there is need for a reservoir of much greater capacity than the existing one. Preliminary investigation suggested that a reservoir with storage capacity of about 7,000m3 is required to achieve sustainable water supply to the intended areas. As such, the decommissioning of the existing reservoir and the construction of a larger one with storage capacity of up to 7,000m3 was considered the preferred choice for achieving the objective of the NUWSRP-3 as the rehabilitation of the existing smaller facility was no longer viable.

5.3 Technology Alternatives In terms of strengthening water supply and extending supply to new areas, the following technologies were considered:

5.3.1 Water Supply through Motorised/ Hand Pump Boreholes This option will entail BSWSC providing motorised or hand pump boreholes in order to expand access to potable water in areas proposed to be covered under the NUWSRP-3. To achieve this, many boreholes will be required to serve the population of the areas; hence the project will be capital intensive. Besides the cost implications, excessive abstraction of ground water from multiple borehole points will lead to reduction in the level of ground water. This means that people will have to drill farther down to get enough water to sustain pumping. Those that have shallow wells will no longer get water unless they go deep into the aquifer. It will therefore cost more in future to drill to a realistic sustainable depth in the aquifer if one desires to have a borehole.

In addition, when borehole is randomly drilled and water is collected from so many points at any time, it leads to reduction in the net flow of ground water which consequently can have significant effect on the water cycle. BSWSC has drilled some boreholes in the past to bridge the water supply gap in some areas but this option has proven to be unsustainable as many of the boreholes are now damaged with some beyond repair. This is because the boreholes could not sustain the imposing pressure of water demands by the people of affected areas. This alternative is not considered suitable in view of the economic and adverse environmental consequences.

5.3.2 Water Supply Through Mobile Water Tankers This technology will entail the BSWSC to use water tankers to supply water to the entire population of the proposed areas to be covered under the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State. This option will be very expensive and ineffective in that a large number of water tankers will be needed to daily transport water from Gubi dam treatment plant to these areas. It will involve capital investment in the acquisition of fleets, payment of drivers and workers as well as maintenance of the vehicles. Besides the cost implication, there is also hygiene issues as the water being transferred through water tankers is susceptible to contamination during filling, in transit and at the point where it is being delivered to consumers. In addition, the use of this option will cause traffic congestions on the roads and deterioration of air quality due to gaseous emissions from fleets of water tankers. This alternative is thereby not considered appropriate for the project.

5.3.3 Water Supply Through Construction of Reservoir and Pipe Laying This option will entail construction of adequately sized reservoir on Busaye Hill to feed the existing supply network and the extension of the network to new area. The replacement of the existing reservoir with a much bigger 7,000m3 as part of the NUWSRP-3 activities in Bauchi State, will enhance the achievement of the overall objectives of the project. The reservoir will receive and store more water made available by the improved Gubi dam treatment plant and subsequently improve supply to the existing network and the planned extension to new areas currently without water. With this option, areas with existing pipe network but without water such as Jidda Quarters, Unguwar Sarakuna, Inkil, Yelwa Tudu, Rafin Zurfi and Gwallameji will be supplied with water. Also, new areas where the proposed 100km of pipes will be laid including Sabon Kaura, Guru, Tsohon Kamfani, Sabon Layi and settlements around Vocational School, Airport, Federal Secretariat and Jidda Quarters in Bauchi metropolis will also receive uninterrupted water supply from the reservoir. This alternative is considered the most viable and therefore the preferred technology to supply water to residents of the project area.

5.4 Types of Reservoir Various alternatives were considered for the types of materials for the proposed reservoir including steel, galvanised fibreglass and reinforced concrete as described below:

5.4.1 Steel Reservoir Steel reservoir are often constructed from factory-made galvanized steel elements bolted or welded together. Steel reservoir can be built faster and the cost of transporting the material is generally lower, especially when concrete aggregates are not locally produced. One major advantage of steel reservoir is that non-catastrophic leaks can be addressed easily by welding. However, even with galvanization, steel tanks are generally more sensitive to corrosion than concrete reservoirs. The lightness of the structure means it is more vulnerable to wear due to water pressure and vibration. Intense and concentrated vibrations can produce stress which can cause cracking, sometimes in multiple places.

In addition, the strength of steel is substantially reduced when heated at a temperature commonly observed in bush fires and as such is not resistant to fire as concrete reservoirs. Steel

also conducts heat and transmit heat readily thus indicating that water temperature may be higher in hot weather. Higher water temperature may encourage the growth of algae and bacteria thus compromising water quality. Also, due to susceptibility to rust, corrosion and cracking, maintenance needs (and costs) are much higher than that of concrete reservoir. Considering the importance of durability to the proposed project, their high degree of susceptibility to corrosion makes them unsuitable.

5.4.2 Reinforced Fibreglass Reservoir Fibreglass reservoir are made from glass fibre reinforcements that are embedded in cured thermosetting resin. This class of reservoirs combine the benefits of durability, strength, and corrosion resistance. Moreover, they offer great design flexibility with the possibility to customize the reservoir design in a wide range of properties thereby making them suitable for water storage. However, fibreglass is extremely expensive and the cost of installation is also very high. This is due to their low mechanical strength making them brittle (crack) easily during installation thereby generating a lot of material waste during their installation. Even though fibreglass is suitable for the proposed water storage project, the high cost of the materials, installation as well as poor durability and difficulty to maintain, the fibreglass option is thereby not considered feasible for the project.

5.4.3 Reinforced Concrete Reservoir The reinforced concrete water reservoirs are used to store clean water for release on demand. The reservoirs are usually made of concrete reinforced with steel bars or steel mesh with some chemicals additives often mixed with the concrete to make it more impermeable to water. Reinforced concrete reservoirs are built at the site on a solid foundation. To protect the water from contamination, the reservoir is covered with a roof, usually made of reinforced concrete. Concrete reservoirs are versatile, quick to construct and exceptionally cost effective.

Concrete reservoirs are virtually indestructible tough wearing and long lasting. They are highly resistant to fire, wind, weathering, corrosion and chemical attacks and have a very long-life expectancy. Concrete reservoirs are the only storage material that are fireproof unlike other storage materials which get burnt or deformed quite easily. Concrete reservoirs naturally reduce acidity in water and thus preserve water quality. They also do not experience hotspots with water temperature and as such they are able to keep water cool even during hot weather. With lower water temperature, the chances of bacteria and algae growing in the reservoir are almost eliminated. Consequently, they have been proven to keep water free of waterborne disease including cholera, cryptosporidium and Legionnaires diseases. For the proposed project, reinforced concrete is therefore more preferred due to its advantages over other materials in terms of its inherent durability, reliability and water safety.

5.5 Development Options

5.5.1 No Project Development This option assumes the status quo is maintained with no development of the proposed reservoir. The adoption of this option will imply that the envisaged benefits socioeconomic and health benefits of the project will not be realised. With the projected population increase and the growing deficit in water supply, a lack of development of new water storage infrastructure to enhance the expansion of the distribution network could hamper the socioeconomic development of Bauchi Town and its environs. Residents could experience an increase in waterborne diseases from consumption of contaminated water, and other economic costs from lost time for women and children in search of clean water and/or treatment. The No development option was therefore discounted on the basis that adequate supplies of clean water are a necessity for population health and socioeconomic growth.

5.5.2 Delayed Project Development This option implies that the planned project will be delayed until a much later date. Adopting this option will mean that population within the project area will continue to grow as well as demand for water. Shortage of water and attendant health and sanitation issues as highlighted in “No Project Option” will continue to prevail in the area. In addition, the delay may also result in unnecessary increase in the cost of project in the future. BSWSC may not be able to afford the eventual cost of executing the project and consequently the project may never be implemented. For these untoward consequences, this option is also rejected.

5.5.3 Immediate Project Development This option means the project will go ahead as planned. The “immediate project” option will ensure reliability of supply to existing users and extension of water supply to people in areas without water who have been yearning for potable water. The people in these areas will begin to enjoy in earnest the numerous environmental, social, economic and health benefits of the project as highlighted in this Report. This option is therefore considered the most viable and recommended for implementation.

CHAPTER SIX: POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

6.1 Introduction The activities associated with the construction of the reinforced concrete reservoir especially the civil engineering aspects can result in varying degrees of impacts on the bio-physical and social environment. In this Chapter, the potential impacts of the proposed project are identified and assessed in order to determine their significance. Subsequently, mitigation measures are proffered to avoid, reduce or compensate for all potentially significant impacts in the next Chapter. To achieve this, all the potential environmental and social resources and/or receptors in the project area that may be affected (adversely or beneficially) by the project were identified. The identification was based on the review of existing information and baseline studies.

The proposed mitigation measures were derived from comprehensive reviews of the proposed project activities, existing relevant mitigation guidance prescribed in the FMEnv EIA Guidelines for infrastructure, the outcome of the engagement process with affected communities, World Bank EHS Guidelines and Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). The measures to expand or enhance the benefits of the project especially as it relates to the socioeconomic wellbeing of the members of local communities and the project region are also described.

6.2 Impact Identification The environmental and social impacts were identified in the context of the project area of influence and were based on the existing E&S baseline data including information obtained through stakeholder’s engagement process. A logical and systematic approach was used in order to capture all project - environment interactions capable of resulting in impacts. The approach also includes the development of a checklist of potential impacts using the World Bank’s EHS Guidelines for Construction as well as Water and Sanitation as described in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1(a): Potential Positive Environmental and Social Impacts Project Phase Project Potential Positive Impacts Activities Pre-construction General • Employment of labour and Construction Construction • Improved livelihood and poverty reduction Phase Civil Works • Stimulation of socioeconomic activities arising from both direct and indirect employment creation Operation Phase Normal • Reduced dependency on the use of ground water. Operation of • Provision of safe and adequate potable water and improvement in Reservoir the reliability of water supply • Improved sanitation and hygiene and reduced prevalence of diseases especially water borne diseases • Improved public health and quality of life as a result of reduction in the burden of water related diseases • Reduction in the amount of time girls and women use to source water • Boost in economic productivity of the communities/towns as businesses that use water as raw materials will be attracted • Poverty alleviation through cost savings on purchasing water from other sources and treatment of water related diseases. • Reduction in the health costs borne by government and individuals in the treatment of water related diseases. • The new reservoir will avail the BSWSC to maximize the increased availability of water arising from the increased capacity of the Gubi Dam water treatment plant. • Improved profitability of BSWSC operations.

Table 6.1(b): Potential Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts

Project Project Potential Impacts Phase Activities

Pre- Site clearing • Deterioration of local air quality due to the release of fugitive dusts from land construction clearing activities and gaseous emission from heavy duty vehicles. • Noise and vibration disturbances from operation of heavy-duty vehicles. • Loss of vegetation and habitat destruction • Wildlife disturbances and destruction • Loss of ecosystem provisions e.g. fuel wood and economic trees. • Predisposition of soil to erosion due to the removal of vegetal cover and exposure of soil surfaces to rain and wind. • Soil contamination from oil spills associated with heavy equipment operation and fuelling activities. • Waste generation from accumulation of cleared vegetal materials. • Siltation of surface water from eroded top soil • Increased respiratory and eye related problems from exposure to dusts and obnoxious gas. • Occupational accidents and injuries to workers including struck by, exposure to dangerous animals, noise exposure etc Installation of • Noise and vibration disturbances in surrounding communities from the use of pre-fabricated machineries and motorized equipment. site structures • Generation of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes from construction activities.

Project Project Potential Impacts Phase Activities

and facilities • Soil contamination from indiscriminate dumping of hazardous wastes. • Increased security risks due to storage of materials and equipment on site • Risks of occupational accident and injuries to workers Mobilization of • Deterioration of local air quality due to the release of fugitive dusts and gaseous equipment, pollutant from heavy duty vehicles. materials and • Noise and vibration disturbances from heavy equipment and truck traffic. personnel/Heav • Disturbance and displacement of terrestrial wildlife as a result of noise and vibration y machinery and from heavy duty vehicles cranes • Compaction of soil and predisposition to erosion as a result of use and stationary positioning of heavy-duty vehicles. • Landscape disruption and visual intrusion due to presence of equipment, vehicles and trucks. • Increased security risks due to storage of materials and equipment on site. • Threat to community culture, safety and security associated with presence of construction workers and business opportunists. • Increase demand on existing community health and sanitation infrastructure due to influx of temporary workers and camp followers. • Traffic congestion and increased road traffic accident Dismantling of • Noise and vibration disturbances in surrounding communities from the use of Existing Steel machineries and motorized equipment. Reservoir and • Uncontrolled discharged of wastewater (effluents) Demolition of • Generation of waste including hazardous and non-hazardous wastes from Concrete demolition activities. Structures • Soil contamination from indiscriminate dumping of hazardous wastes. • Damage to existing water supply infrastructure • Increased security risks due to storage of steel materials and equipment on site • Risks of occupational accident and injuries to workers Construction General • Deterioration of local air quality due to the release of dust from exposed soil Construction surfaces and exhaust emissions from heavy equipment and vehicles. Earthworks • Noise and vibration disturbances. Including • Soil erosion from exposure of soil surfaces. Construction of • Soil contamination from accidental leakage/spillage of fuel, oil and lubricants Concrete Pipe Support • Generation of sanitary waste from workers camp Structures Site • Generation of construction waste including spoils, debris and concrete wastes Fencing/ • Groundwater contamination from accidental spillages and leakages of oils and other mounting and chemicals. structure • Surface water pollution from inappropriate disposal of waste and wastewater erection • Geology and geo-hazards • Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions • Landscape disruption and visual intrusion

• Consumption of energy and other natural resources

• Risk of communicable diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS from influx of temporary construction workers. • Land degradation and increased susceptibility to erosion due to excavation of earth materials in borrow pits • Improper abandonment of borrow pits • Traffic congestion and increased road traffic accident • Risks of occupational accidents and injuries to workers Metal Works • Generation of waste especially scraps and packaging materials (Pipe works) • Occupational accidents and injuries to workers Testing and • Loss of employment for temporary workers after construction Commissioning • Accidental discharge of large volume of water • Erosion and sedimentation resulting from accidental discharge of water

Project Project Potential Impacts Phase Activities

• Flooding in nearby residential areas

Operation Normal • Visual and landscape impacts Operation of • Structural failure of reservoir and accidental discharge of water (Flooding and Reservoir drowning of both humans and animals) • Discharge of large volume of water resulting from overfilling of reservoir Maintenance of • Deterioration of local air quality due to the release of dust and exhaust emissions the Reservoir from heavy equipment and vehicles. • Noise and vibration disturbances. • Generation of construction waste and debris • Generation of wastewater or effluents • Risks of occupational accidents and injuries to workers.

6.4 Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures The potential significant environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures recommended are presented in Table 6.2 below. Certain measures to enhance the potential positive impacts of the proposed project are also included.

Table 6.2: Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

A PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE A1 Site Clearing Deterioration of local air quality due to • Maintain equipment & machinery to manufacturers’ specifications by regular servicing to reduce carbon emissions. the emission of dusts & gases • Use water to wet active areas for dust suppression. • Conduct regular visual inspection of dust pollution and ensure appropriate intervention if dust levels are high. • Train drivers/ workers on proper operation of vehicles and equipment to include fuel efficiency and anti-idling. • Ensure no burning of waste on sites • Use of tarpaulins to cover trucks transporting earth materials or spoil on public roads • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once completed • Provide and enforce the usage of appropriate PPE A2 Noise and vibration disturbances from • Select and use vehicles/equipment with lower sound power levels. operation of heavy-duty vehicles • Install suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components. • Enforce appropriate speed limit to reduce vehicle noise levels. • Restrict noise generating activities strictly to normal working hours (i.e. 9am – 5pm). • Respond promptly to noise complaints. • Provide and enforce the usage of hearing protection devices (ear plugs/muffs) for workers. A3 Loss of vegetation and habitat destruction • Restrict removal of vegetation and trees to the area of need only. • Protect all vegetation not required to be removed against damage; A4 Predisposition to soil erosion due to the • Undertake quick re vegetation of exposed soils with indigenous plant species once construction is completed. removal of vegetal cover. • Ensure construction of effective drainage system and use erosion protection structures such as riprap, gabions etc. A5 Respiratory & eye problems from • Same as A1 exposure to dusts & obnoxious gas A6 Occupational accidents and injuries to • Develop a project specific Occupational Health and Safety Plan (OHSP). OHSP to include but not limited to: workers - Prohibition of drug and alcohol use by workers while on the job. - Provision of adequate first aid, first aiders, PPE, signages (English and Hausa languages). - Restriction of unauthorized access to all areas of high risk activities - Provision of specific personnel training on worksite OHS management A7 Installation of Increased security risks due to storage of • Deploy competent security personnel to secure project site. Pre-fabricated materials and equipment on site • Provide adequate training of security personnel. Site Structures • Disclose site security arrangements to the Police and host communities. and Facilities A8 Risks of occupational accident and injuries • Same as A6 to workers

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

A9 Mobilization of Landscape disruption and visual intrusion • Restrict removal of vegetation and trees to the area of need only. Equipment, • Protect all vegetation not required to be removed against damage. Materials and • Wherever possible, avoid the removal of existing mature trees which form important visual focal points. Workers • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once completed to restore the visual and landscape integrity of the area. • Remove all temporary structures, waste, equipment and vehicles from site immediately after construction. A10 Increased security risks due to storage of • Same as A7 materials and equipment on site A11 Threat to community culture, safety and • Develop an induction program including a code of conduct for all workers. The code of conduct will address the following security due to presence of workers aspect: Respect for local residents; No hunting or unauthorized taking of products or livestock; Zero tolerance of illegal activities such as child sexual exploitation and underage sex, prostitution, harassment of women, gender based violence, purchase or use of illegal drugs, fighting; Disciplinary measures and sanctions (e.g. dismissal) for infringement of the code of conduct and/or company rules; Commitment / policy to cooperate with law enforcement agencies investigating perpetrators of crimes including gender-based violence. • Provide cultural sensitization training to improve awareness of workers to local cultures, traditions and lifestyles. • Prohibit child and forced labour. • Implement community-based Grievance Redress Mechanism • Limit the number of migrant workers by engaging local workers. • Engage competent security personnel. A12 Increase demand on existing community • Establish worker’s camp and provide all basic amenities (water, sanitation etc.). health and sanitation infrastructure • Prohibit workers from unauthorized access to community infrastructure A13 Employment of local labour • Ensure construction jobs are targeted to members of local communities. • Ensure prior notification of local communities of employment and procurement opportunities. • Ensure priority engagement and training of locals throughout project implementation. • Prohibit child and forced labour. A14 Traffic congestions and risks of road • Engage drivers with appropriate class of licence and adequate experience traffic accidents and injuries. • Train drivers on defensive driving techniques. • Install appropriate safety signage and/or use signallers at strategic locations. • Inform local communities in advance of road diversions & major activities likely to affect traffic. • Enforce road safety standards, traffic rules including speed limits • Schedule large and slow moving vehicles for off peak period A15 Occupational accidents and injuries • Same as A6 A16 Dismantling of Noise and vibration disturbances • Same as A2

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

A17 Existing Steel Uncontrolled discharged of wastewater • Ensure usage of water stored in existing reservoir before decommissioning. Reservoir and (effluents) • Conduct washout pipes to discharge water to existing drainage system at a rate the drainage can carry to prevent flooding. Demolition of • Ensure rehabilitation of blocked drainage system in Bauchi metropolis to channel waste water to receiving river. Concrete A18 Generation of waste from dismantling • Dismantle existing reservoir and evacuate steel materials to BSWSC facility for reuse in other projects. Structures existing steel reservoir & demolition • Develop and implement a site-specific Waste Management Plan (WMP) to include the following: activities. • Ensure segregation of dismantled materials to facilitate reuse and recycling opportunities. • Ensure hazardous wastes are stored in labelled closed containers with secondary containment with 110% of storage containers. • Ensure no burning of waste & usage of BASEPA approved waste vendor for evacuation, processing & disposal. A19 Soil contamination • Develop a site-specific Waste Management Plan (WMP) • Prepare and implement an Emergency Response Plan to respond to incident of spillage. • Ensure fuel storage tanks are installed in a bunded area and checked daily. • Ensure regular maintenance of vehicles to avoid leaks of oil. • Prevent unregulated dumping of fuel waste. A20 Damage to existing water supply • Obtain utility survey (water reticulation) map from BSWSC to identify existing facilities at Buzaye Hill before infrastructure demolition/excavation works to prevent damages and disruption of services. • Ensure demolition/excavation work is done with the supervision of Project Engineer from BSWSC A21 Increased security risks due to storage of • Ensure prompt evacuation of steel materials to a safe location after dismantling steel materials on site • Deploy competent security personnel to secure project site. • Provide adequate training of security personnel. • Disclose site security arrangements to the Police and host communities A22 Risks of occupational accident & injuries • Same as A6 B CONSTRUCTION PHASE B1 General Deterioration of local air quality due to • Maintain equipment & machinery to manufacturers’ specifications by regular servicing to reduce carbon emissions. Construction the release of dust & exhaust gases. • Use water to wet active areas for dust suppression. Earthworks • Conduct regular visual inspection of dust pollution and ensure appropriate intervention if dust levels are high. Including • Train drivers/ workers on proper operation of vehicles and equipment to include fuel efficiency and anti-idling. Construction of Concrete • Ensure no burning of waste on sites Pipe Support • Use of tarpaulins to cover trucks transporting earth materials or spoil on public roads Structures and • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once construction is completed. Site Fencing • Provide and enforce the usage of appropriate PPE.

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

B2 Noise and vibration disturbances • Select and use vehicles/equipment with lower sound power levels. • Install suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components. • Enforce appropriate speed limit to reduce vehicle noise levels. • Restrict noise generating activities strictly to normal working hours (i.e. 9am – 5pm). • Respond promptly to noise complaints. • Provide and enforce the usage of hearing protection devices (ear plugs/muffs) for workers. B3 Predisposition of soil to erosion. • Restrict removal of vegetation and trees to the area of need only. • Protect all vegetation not required to be removed against damage; • Undertake quick re vegetation of exposed soils with indigenous plant species once construction is completed. • Ensure construction of effective drainage system and use erosion protection structures such as riprap, gabions etc. B4 Soil contamination from leakage/spillage • Develop a site-specific Waste Management Plan (WMP) of fuel from equipment & vehicles. • Prepare and implement an Emergency Response Plan to respond to incident of spillage. • Ensure fuel storage tanks are installed in a bunded area and checked daily. • Ensure regular maintenance of vehicles to avoid leaks of oil. • Prevent unregulated dumping of fuel waste. B5 Generation of sanitary waste from • Ensure provision of sanitary facilities on site for workers and enforce usage. worker’s camp • Ensure usage of BASEPA approved waste vendor for waste evacuation & disposal. B6 Generation of construction waste • Develop and implement a site-specific Waste Management Plan (WMP) to include the following: including spoils, debris and concrete • Ensure segregation of waste to facilitate reuse and recycling opportunities. • Ensure hazardous wastes are stored in labelled closed containers with secondary containment with 110% of storage containers. • Ensure no burning of waste on site. • Ensure usage of BASEPA approved waste vendor for waste evacuation, processing & disposal. B7 Greenhouse gases emissions • Maintain equipment & machinery to manufacturers’ specifications by regular servicing to reduce carbon emissions. • Train drivers/ workers on proper operation of vehicles and equipment to include fuel efficiency and anti-idling. • Ensure no burning of waste or any material on sites. B8 Landscape disruption and visual intrusion • Restrict removal of vegetation and trees to the area of need only. • Protect all vegetation not required to be removed against damage. • Wherever possible, avoid the removal of existing mature trees which form important visual focal points. • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once completed to restore the visual and landscape integrity of the area. • Remove all temporary structures, waste, equipment and vehicles from site immediately after construction.

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

B9 Consumption of energy and other natural • Train drivers/ workers on proper operation of vehicles and equipment to include fuel efficiency and anti-idling. resources • Switch off equipment and vehicles when not in use. • Reuse excavated materials (especially spoils) as much as possible. • Ensure waste segregation and proper storage to facilitate recycling opportunities. • Avoid excessive waste generation by using the right amount of materials e.g. cement, water etc B10 Direct and indirect job creation • Ensure construction jobs are targeted to members of local communities. B11 Improved livelihood & poverty reduction • Ensure prior notification of local communities of employment and procurement opportunities. B12 Stimulation of socioeconomic activities • Ensure priority engagement and training of locals throughout project implementation. from direct and indirect employment • Prohibit child and forced labour. B13 Risk of communicable diseases e.g. STDs • Providing awareness training to the workforce regarding the transmission of STDs, and traffic safety awareness; from influx of workers • Institute HIV prevention programs (peer education, condom distribution etc) • Liaise with appropriate health focused NGOs to undertake health awareness and education initiatives on STDs especially HIV/AIDS, Voluntary Counselling & Testing (VCT) amongst workers and local communities. • Provide opportunities for workers to regularly return to their families. B14 Land degradation and increased • Ensure sourcing of earth materials from registered quarries with appropriate quarry lease to prevent illegal sand mining. susceptibility to erosion due to excavation • Avoid the production of excess spoil material and reduce the need for borrow pit materials. of earth materials in borrow pits • Develop and implement Site Reclamation Plan to ensure that site is restored to a safe and stable state B15 Improper abandoning of borrow pits B16 Traffic congestion and increased road • Engage drivers with appropriate class of licence and adequate experience traffic accident • Train drivers on defensive driving techniques. • Install appropriate safety signages and/or use signallers at strategic locations. • Informe local communities in advance of road diversions & major activities likely to affect traffic. • Enforce road safety standards, traffic rules including speed limits • Schedule large and slow moving vehicles for off peak period • Employ the services of the Nigeria Police and Federal Road Safety Corps B17 Risks of occupational accidents and • Develop a project specific Occupational Health and Safety Plan (OHSP) commensurate to construction activities. OHSP to injuries to workers. include but not limited to: - Prohibition of drug and alcohol use by workers while on the job. - Provision of adequate first aid, first aiders, PPE, signage (English and Hausa languages). - Restriction of unauthorized access to all areas of high risk activities. - Provision of specific personnel training on worksite OHS management. B18 Metal Works Generation of waste • Same as B6

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

B19 (Pipe works) Risks of occupational accidents & injuries • Same as B17 B20 Testing and Flooding in nearby areas due to accidental • Ensure construction meets applicable standards and industry practices. Commissioning discharge of water during testing • Conduct integrity checks of reservoir and ancillary structures prior to filling with water. • Ensure gradual (phase) filling of reservoir and adequate monitoring to promptly detect failure.

• Conduct washout pipes to discharge water to existing drainage system at a rate the drainage can carry to prevent flooding. B21 Erosion and sedimentation resulting from • accidental discharge of water Ensure rehabilitation of blocked drainage system in Bauchi metropolis to channel waste water to receiving river. • Prepare and implement an Emergency Response Plan to respond to incident of reservoir failure. B22 Loss of employment for temporary • Ensure compliance with all legal and contractual agreement with workers. workers after construction • Ensure all workers receive notice of dismissal & severance payments mandated by law and collective agreements promptly. • Provide a grievance mechanism for workers to raise workplace concerns. B23 Risk of Gender-based violence (GBV) and • Include in the bid document and also in the contract the need for contractor to draft and sign the following: violence against children (VAC) may result • Company’s code of conduct for prevention of GBV and VAC; from unruly behaved construction workers. Also, child labour and drop out from school • Manager’s code of conduct for prevention of GBV and VAC may increase as guidance/parents may exploit • Individual’s code of conduct for prevention of GBV and VAC

the opportunity of the investment • Ensure that no child of less than 15 years is allowed to sell at the construction sites/camps economically by asking their children/wards to • Community and workers’ training and community sensitization on GBV/SEA/VAC and child labour withdraw from school to sell water and other edibles at the construction site • Developing a specific internal “Reporting and Response Protocol and GRM" to guide relevant

C OPERATION PHASE C1 Potential community health risk from • Conduct regular inspection and maintenance of reservoir including draining and removing sediments, applying rust proofing, reservoir water contamination and repairing damaged structures. • Ensure that all installation, repair, replacement and rehabilitation work conform to requirements for sanitary protection. • Collect samples regularly from the reservoir to test for chlorine residual (disinfectant) - ensure that adequate chlorine residual is maintained to control microbial growth and biofilm development. • Implement a leak detection and repair program. • Evaluate the vulnerability of the reservoir and implement appropriate security measures including background checks of employees, perimeter fencing and video surveillance. C2 Accidental discharge of water due to • Prepare and implement an Emergency Response Plan to respond to incident of reservoir failure. structural failure of reservoir • Sensitise the public and provide them with emergency numbers to call in case of reservoir failure. • Conduct regular inspection and maintenance of reservoir including prompt repair of damaged structures. • Ensure that all installation, repair, replacement and rehabilitation work conform to requirements for • materials quality, applicable standards and industry practices.

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

• Implement leak detection & repair program (including records of past leaks & unaccounted-for water to identify problem). • Evaluate the vulnerability of the reservoir and implement appropriate security measures including background checks of employees, perimeter fencing and video surveillance. • Monitoring hydraulic parameters, such as inflows, outflows, water levels etc. to assess the hydraulic integrity of the system. • Shut down operation promptly in case of suspected reservoir failure. C3 Discharge of large volume of water due to • Conduct washout pipes to discharge water to existing drainage system at a rate the drainage can carry to prevent flooding. overfilling of reservoir • Ensure rehabilitation of blocked drainage system in Bauchi metropolis to channel waste water to receiving river. • Prepare and implement an Emergency Response Plan to respond to emergencies. • Shut down operation promptly if in case of suspected overfilling or other emergencies. • Sensitizee the public and provide them with emergency numbers to call in case of emergencies. • If possible, install electronic systems to digitally monitor the reservoir operations and remotely control all activities. C4 Reduced dependency on ground water. • Conduct regular inspection and maintenance of reservoir including prompt repair of damaged structures to ensure C5 Provision of safe/adequate potable water uninterrupted water supply. C6 Improved sanitation and hygiene and • Implement a leak detection and repair program (including records of past leaks and unaccounted- for water to identify reduced prevalence of diseases potential problem areas). C7 Improved public health and quality of life • Sensitizee the public and provide them with emergency numbers to call in case of any problems in the storage and supply C8 Reduction in the amount of time girls and network and ensure quick response to reported cases. women use to source for water C9 Boost in economic productivity of the • Create awareness about water conservation techniques such as turning off taps when not in use. communities/towns • Always inform the public of maintenance work plan through appropriate media for households to store sufficient water they C10 Poverty alleviation through cost savings will need during maintenance period. on purchasing water • Ensure metering of all consumers to monitor water usage and ensure no revenue loss to BSWSC. C11 Reduction in the health costs borne by government and individuals C12 Improved profitability of BSWSC C13 Maintenance of Generation of construction waste and • Develop and implement a site-specific Waste Management Plan (WMP) to include the following: Concrete debris • Ensure segregation of waste to facilitate reuse and recycling opportunities. Reservoir • Ensure hazardous wastes are stored in labelled closed containers with secondary containment with 110% of storage. • Ensure no burning of waste on site. • Ensure usage of BASEPA approved waste vendor for waste evacuation, processing & disposal. C14 Risks of occupational accidents and • Develop a project specific Occupational Health and Safety Plan (OHSP) to include but not limited to: injuries to workers. - Prohibition of drug and alcohol use by workers while on the job.

Project Environmental and Social Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Activities

- Provision of adequate first aid, first aiders, PPE, signages (English and Hausa languages). - Restriction of unauthorized access to all areas of high risk activities. - Provision of specific personnel training on worksite OHS management C15 Direct and indirect job creation. • Ensure maintenance jobs are targeted to members of local communities. • Ensure prior notification of local communities of employment and procurement opportunities. • Prohibit child and forced labour.

6.4 Decommissioning Plan The operation life span of the concrete reservoir is anticipated to be 30 years. Typically, such infrastructures are upgraded or rehabilitated and as such it is therefore unlikely that the reservoir will be decommissioned. In the unlikely event that the BSWSC decides to decommission the reservoir, the Contractor engaged shall develop a comprehensive decommissioning, abandonment and remediation plan that is specific to the project. The Plan shall take into account the most cost-effective and practicable methods, environmental considerations, legal requirements and Global International Industry Practice (GIIP) applicable at the time. In addition, the plan shall contain an adaptive management component that allows for the incorporation of lessons learned from monitoring data during the operation of the facility. This plan will be submitted to the FMEnv and other relevant regulatory agencies for approval, at least 6 months prior to scheduled decommissioning. Decommissioning shall only commence after the approval of the plan by the regulatory Agencies.

The decommissioning plan shall specify all activities that will be undertaken during the decommissioning and abandonment of the project. An effective WMP shall be developed as part of the decommissioning plan to ensure proper waste management and protection of the environment. The WMP shall adopt the waste hierarchy specified in this Report i.e. reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and disposal.

6.4.1 Decommissioning and Abandonment Process The activities that will be undertaken during decommissioning and abandonment of the project shall include the following: • Stakeholders Consultation • Dismantling of removal of concrete reservoir, pipes and other components. • Site reclamation including ground stabilization and levelling. • Restoration of natural environment and resources including remediation of soil and re- vegetation. • Assessment of residual impacts, if any and Monitoring

6.4.2 Envisaged Impacts of Decommissioning Activities Significant potential environmental and social impacts that may arise during the decommissioning phase are those associated with dismantling, removal, demolition and evacuation of structures. These impacts may include the following: predisposition to erosion, generation of waste, soil/water contamination, occupational accidents and injuries etc. It is instructive to note that the decommissioning plan to be developed will reflect the current realities at the time and will take into account emerging legislation and best practice principles. It will also include proactive measures to manage all potential impacts including other impacts which may not have been envisaged at this stage.

6.4.3 Site Remediation and Restoration/Re-vegetation Following actual decommissioning activities and evacuation of all equipment, rubbles and waste from the site, remediation and restoration including re-vegetation shall commence as soon as practicable. Site restoration activities shall also include the following as appropriate: • Re-contouring and grading of affected surfaces to blend with natural topography. • Planting of native plant species that are dominant within the plant communities in adjacent areas with similar soil conditions to re-establish vegetation. • Installation of erosion protection structures such as sediment traps, riprap, gabions, etc. wherever possible to capture run-off sediments and protect the new vegetation.

CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Introduction This ESMP is a proactive tool that will ensure seamless integration of action plans and programmes for overall management of all identified (and unidentified) impacts of the proposed project. The overarching objective of the ESMP is to ensure that all impacts of the project are contained and brought to an acceptable level to guarantee economic, environmental and social sustainability of the project.

The ESMP has been developed to meet international and national standards on environmental and social (E&S) performance and covers the project implementation phases (i.e. Pre- construction, construction and operation phases) of the project. Furthermore, it details the mitigation and enhancement measures the BSWSC and their Contractors will be committed to implement throughout project implementation and desired outcomes, performance indicators, monitoring, timing for actions and responsibilities.

BSWSC will have principal responsibility for all measures outlined in this ESMP but will delegate certain responsibilities to its contractors. Such delegation of responsibility shall be adequately documented as part of contractual agreements to guarantee absolute compliance and commitment on the part of the contractors to implement the ESMP. It is instructive to note that most of the mitigation measures are the obligations of the Contractor during project implementation. Consequently, the contractor shall prepare its proposals taking into account the measures in this ESMP and the detailed general environmental management conditions during civil works which is attached as Appendix 6.

7.2 Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation The significant potential E&S impacts for which management actions are required have been identified in Chapter 6 of this Report. The feasible, practical and cost-effective measures and actions to avoid, minimize, mitigate the potentially significant negative E&S impacts of the project to acceptable levels and enhance positive impacts are also described in Chapter 7 of this Report. The mitigation measures mainly relate to the adoption of environmentally and socially friendly designs and the application of sound construction and operations management practices. All the management measures will be included in the bid documents for the successful enterprise to implement. The performance measures to enhance the desired environmental and social outcome are discussed in the following sections.

7.3 Environmental and Social Management Organization The successful implementation of the ESMP will depend on the commitment and capacity of the State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU), Contractors and other third parties (institutions) to implement the program effectively. The roles and responsibilities of those that will be involved in the implementation and monitoring of this ESMP are described in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1: Roles and Responsibility of Institutions S/ Category Roles & Responsibilities N 4. Federal Ministry • Approve disclosure of ESIA/ESMP in country of Environment • Environmental monitoring to ensure country standards is complied with 5. Bauchi State  Environmental monitoring and compliance overseer at the State level Ministry of  Site assessment and monitoring of ESMP implementation. Environment

6. SPIU • Ensuring approval of fund for Environmental and Social safeguards unit and M&E implementation and monitoring functions; • Ensure that the ESIA/ESMP is disclosed to the public • Responsible for coordination to ensure that parties to implementation carry out their responsibilities as and when due. • Ensure that World Bank safeguards policies and country standards are adhered to by contractor and workers through supervision and funding of mitigation measures/ESMP 4 Environmental & Environmental Safeguards Officer Social Safeguard • Carry out supervision functions during construction to ensure that contractor and workers Units adhere to mitigation measures in the ESMP; • Collate environmental baseline data on relevant environmental characteristics for monitoring and auditing • Ensure that project activities are implemented in accordance with good practices and guidelines set out in the site specific ESMP; • Identify and liaise with all stakeholders involved in environment related issues in the project; and be responsible for the overall monitoring of mitigation measures and the impacts of the project during implementation. Social Safeguards • Coordinate and ensures the implementation of the social aspects of the ESMP • Identify and liaise with all stakeholders involved in social related issues in the project; • Conduct impact evaluation and beneficiary’s assessment; and • Establish partnerships & liaise with organizations, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). 5 Contractor  Compliance to BOQ specification in procurement of material and construction  Implement ESMP during project implementation  Drafting of C-ESMP  Ensuring staff good behavior/ practices including the use of PPEs and zero gender violence 6 Bauchi State • Inspection of project premises in order to ensure strict compliance with sanitation and waste Environmental management standards in the state. Protection • Collaboration with other MDAs at the State and Federal level, NGOs and Donor Agencies in Agency environmental protection and management especially in areas of waste recycling etc. (BASEPA) 7 Bauchi LGA • Provision of oversight function across project within its jurisdiction for ESMP compliance. • Monitoring of activities related to public health, sanitation, waste management amongst others. 8 Affected • Promote environmental awareness. Community and • Review environmental and social performance report made available by SPIU. Public • Provide comments, advice and/or complaints on issues of nonconformity. • Attend public meetings organized by the SPIU to disseminate information and receive feedback. • Identify issues that could derail the project and support project mitigation measures and awareness campaigns. 9 CDA  Ensure community participation by mobilizing, sensitizing community members; 10 NGOs/CSOs • Assisting in their respective ways to ensure effective response actions, conducting scientific researches alongside government groups to evolve and devise sustainable environmental strategies and techniques. 11 World Bank  Overall supervision and provision of technical support and guidance.  Disclosure of ESIA/ESMP at World Bank external site  Oversight mission to monitor SPIU’s implementation and performance of ESMP

7.4 Institutional Arrangement The organizational structure showing authorities and communication structure for the environmental and social management of the proposed project is presented in Figure 7.1. Bauchi State Govt (NUWSRP-3)

Regulators World Bank • FMEnv • BSME

SPIU Keys (Env. & Social Safeguard Officers) Reporting

Monitoring

Supporting

Contractor (Site Engineer/Independent Consultants

Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement for ESMP Implementation

7.5 Environmental and Social Monitoring Programme The BSWSC shall be committed to providing resources required for the implementation and control of the ESMP including engaging dedicated personnel competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, and experience to manage and oversee the HSE aspects of the project. The HSE personnel shall ensure that all workers and contractors operate in accordance with the applicable national and international regulatory HSE requirements and plans. The HSE personnel shall also monitor implementation of environmental and social protection measures contained in this ESMP.

7.5.1 Training, Awareness and Competence Training is essential for ensuring that the ESMP provisions are implemented efficiently and effectively. The SPIU shall therefore ensure that all persons that have roles to play in the implementation of the ESMP are competent with appropriate education, training or experience. Similarly, the contractors shall be required to undertake general HSE awareness for their project workforce and specific training for those whose work may significantly have impact on the environment. This is to ensure that they are fully aware of the relevant aspects of the ESMP and are able to fulfill their roles and functions.

As a minimum, the contractors shall ensure they provide the training in Table 8.2 to their personnel. The contractor will be required to forward internal HSE training and procedures to the SPIU for approval before commencement of civil works.

Table 7.2: Contractor’s Training Programme S/N Training Programme Courses 1 General Awareness Health, HSE Induction/Orientation Course (site safety rules, PPE requirements, Safety and Environment (HSE) Emergency Preparedness and Response); Daily tool box talk for workers

at the start of each day’s job; Refresher HSE Courses as at when required 2 Project Specific Occupational Manual Handling Techniques; First Aid Training (for Site First Aiders); Health and Safety (OHS) Safe Driving Techniques (for drivers), General Trainings: access to the site, general construction safety, emergency response and fire drills Job required training: working at heights, confined spaces, welding, electrical safety Licensed activities: crane operators, electricians, machine operators, forklift operators

Based on the assessment of the institutional capacities of the different agencies that will be involved in the implementation of the ESMP, two broad areas of capacity building have already been identified and recommended for effective implementation of the ESMP. The proposed training program, course content and estimated costs are shown in Table 7.3.

Table 7.3: Proposed Training Program for the Implementation of ESMP Capacity Estimated Building Proposed Topics Objectives Target Audience Duration Budget Activity (Naira) Module 1: • Introduction to To enhance Safeguard unit of the 1 day 1,500,000 World Bank Environmental policies and awareness of SPIU, M&E Officers, Environmental laws in Nigeria World Bank ESS relevant staff of FMEnv and Social and • World Bank Safeguard and applicable (EA Dept), Relevant Nigeria Extant Policies especially OP/BP national staff of Bauchi State Laws on regulatory Ministry of Environmental 4.01 and OP/BP 4.04. requirements for Environment, BASEPA, Protection • ESS triggered by NUWSRP-3 NUWSRP-3 other relevant MDAs, activities activities LGA departments, • The roles and responsibilities Contractors of World Bank and other regulators during NUWSRP-3 implementation Module 2: • Overview of Environmental To enhance Safeguard unit of the 1 day 1,500,000 Training on and Social Impact Assessment competence in SPIU, M&E Officers, Environmental (ESIA). environmental relevant staff of FMEnv and Social • Overview of Potential sustainability and (EA Dept), Relevant Impact Impacts of Project regulatory staff of Bauchi SME, Assessment • Environmental Pollution & practice BASEPA, other relevant including ESMP Control Measures MDAs, LGA Implementation departments, • Environmental and Social Contractors, NGOs, Management Plan CBOs. • Basic Environmental Management • Environmental Performance Monitoring – Monitoring Mitigation Measures • Environmental Reporting Module 3: • Genders issues in Nigeria and To raise Safeguard unit of the ½ day 1,000,000 Gender specific issues affecting awareness of SPIU, M&E Officers, Considerations Northern Nigeria including gender issues as it relevant staff of FMEnv (Equity, E&S & GBV. relates to project (EA Dept), Relevant other project • Gender policy in Nigeria implementation staff of Bauchi SME, specific issues • World Bank Group in order to BASEPA, other relevant of concern requirements on gender and integrate gender MDAs, LGA likely to affect vulnerable groups. considerations departments, Women, into project life Contractors, NGOs, • Potential gender related Children & cycle. CBOs. impacts of projects and other management including Vulnerable groups) awareness campaign on

communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and other STIs, Workers/Community relations etc. • Gender equity and justice etc. Module 4: • Introduction to Construction To ensure Safeguard unit of the 1 day 1,500,000 Training on HSE completion of SPIU, M&E Officers Construction • Overview of Health and project with zero and Project Engineers HSE Safety Hazards in fatalities, zero from SPIU, relevant Construction Lost Time staff of FMEnv (EA • Incidents: Causation, Injuries (LTI) or Dept), Relevant staff of Investigation & Reporting occupational Bauchi SME, BASEPA, illness by other relevant MDAs, • Excavation Safety promoting safe & LGA departments, • Site Specific OHS healthy working Contractors, NGOs, • Construction Site Inspection conditions as well CBOs. • Personal Protective as the health of Equipment workers and those that will be involved in monitoring. TOTAL 3 days 5,500,000

7.5.2 Monitoring and Reporting

◼ Monitoring Activities Monitoring shall be conducted to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of operational controls and other measures intended to mitigate potential impacts. The Monitoring Plan for this ESMP including monitoring parameters, frequency, responsibility and cost are included in Table 8.3. The monitoring activities which shall include both Internal and External Monitoring for the ESMP is presented in Table 7.4 below. Monitoring results shall be documented with preventive/corrective actions to be implemented.

Table 7.4: Internal and External Monitoring Monitoring Action Responsibility When Deliverables Internal Regular site visit (Frequency is Environmental and During Monitoring Reports Monitoring defined in Table 7.10) to ensure that Social Safeguard Preconstruction, and documentation as the mitigation measures and actions Officers from SPIU. Construction described in Sub- specified in the monitoring plan and and Operation section 8.5.2 as bound by the contract is Phases satisfactorily implemented. Site visit for monitoring and Independent During Observations and inspection to ensure contractor Supervising Engineer Construction Monitoring Reports adhere strictly to the engineering Phase to be compiled and designs and specifications for the presented to the project SPIU. External Regular site visit to check adherence FMEnv, Bauchi State During Inspect monitoring Monitoring to mitigation measures and standards Ministry of Preconstruction, reports from using the monitoring indicators Environment, Construction Safeguard units and specified in the monitoring plan and Representatives of and Operation provide feedback on other national and international affected communities, Phases observations. Enforce environmental & social and other relevant corrective actions requirements. MDAs. where necessary.

◼ Reporting Procedures The reporting procedures presented in Table 7.5 have been developed in order to ensure that the SPIU is able to receive feedback from the implementation of the ESMP on an ongoing basis and to take rapid corrective actions if there are issues of non-conformance.

Table 7.5: Reporting Procedures Phase Respons Deliverables Accountability ibility Preconstruction Safeguard Report of monitoring activities including any specific SPIU, also BSME & FMEnv Unit events on request Construction Safeguard Two (2) monitoring Reports SPIU, also BSME & FMEnv Unit First to be prepared mid-way into the civil works and on request the other upon completion of all construction activities. Safeguard Additional Reports according to specific conditions e.g. SPIU, also BSME & FMEnv Unit Accidents, serious environmental/social impacts on request Completion of Safeguard Final Monitoring Report including all monitoring SPIU. Report to be archived construction and Unit activities throughout project implementation and made available to the demobilization of World Bank, BSME & contractor from site FMEnv on request

7.5.3 Record Keeping and Control The contractor is required to keep records providing evidence of ongoing mitigation activities. Such records may include site monitoring plan, HSE Policy, Site Specific HSE Plan, Waste Management Plan, Traffic Control Plan, Emergency response and preparedness procedures, site instructions, training records, complaints records, incident report, Inspection, maintenance and equipment calibration records. These documents should be made available to the Safeguard Unit upon request.

The Safeguard Unit is also required to keep records to provide evidence of monitoring activities and effectiveness of the monitoring plan. The site monitoring plan identified problems/corrective actions and monitoring Reports highlighted in sub-section 8.5.2 are to be kept by the Safeguard unit and be made available to relevant regulators upon request. In addition, all significant communications with FMEnv, BSME and other relevant authorities should be documented and kept. These documents are required to track performance in order to achieve and demonstrate compliance with the monitoring plan and applicable regulatory requirements.

7.5.4 Implementation Schedule The activities related to environmental management and monitoring must be integrated in the overall construction schedule. The project implementation phase is estimated to be completed in 18 months. The implementation schedule is presented in Table 7.6.

Table 7.6: Tentative ESIA Implementation Schedule S Activity Description Responsible Preconstrution Constructiuon (Month) Operation / (Month) Phase N 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1. Clearance and Formal SPIU Disclosure of ESIA/ESMP 2. Inclusion of E&S SPIU Requirements in bid documents 3. Allocating Budget for ESMP SPIU 4. Appointing Support Staff for SPIU ESMP 5. Review & Approval of SPIU Contractor’s E&S Plans 6. Finalization of Engineering SPIU/

Designs Consultant 7. Mobilization to site Contractor 8. Site Clearing Contractor 9. Dismantling of existing Contractor reservoir 10. Construction Phase Contractor 11. Implementation of Mitigation SPIU/ Contractor 12. Supervising ESMP SPIU Implementation 13. Monitoring & Reporting on SPIU/MDA ESMP Implementation s 14. Environmental and Social E&S Training Consultant 15. Environmental and Social SPIU/SME Auditing /Consultant

7.6 Contractual Measures Most of the mitigation measures are the obligation of the Contractor during the pre-construction and construction phases of the project. Consequently, the potential contractor will have to prepare their proposals taking into account the measures in Table 7.7 as well as the detailed general environmental management conditions during civil works attached as Appendix 6.

Table 7.7: Contractual Measures Action Remarks The measures as described in this ESIA shall be included The non-inclusion of these measures in the proposal will in the tender documents with appropriate flexibility to lead to a disqualification of the proponent; adjust these measures to site circumstances, and that the The contract with the successful bidder should contain these potential contractor will have to prepare their proposals environmental and social management measures as firm taking into account these measures. conditions to be complied with. Specifically, the measures should be translated into a suite This approach will ensure that the environmental and social of environmental specification that are written in the controls integrate seamlessly into the tender document and same language style and format as the rest of the contract are presented in a familiar form to the Contractor document Cost of mitigation measures be added to the cost of the The contactor must take into account and put the cost for contractual document the environmental and social requirements specified in the ESMP.

7.7 Cost Estimates for ESIA/ESMP Implementation To effectively implement the mitigation and monitoring measures recommended in this ESMP, necessary provision will have to be made. The cost of these measures has been estimated and included in the ESMP and presented in Table 7.8. The total estimated cost for the ESMP implementation and monitoring is N26,900,000.00 (US$ 88,196.70).

Table 7.8: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of ESMP Cost Estimate in Cost Estimate in Item Responsibility Nigerian Naira (N) US Dollars (US$)* Mitigation Contractor 9,100,000 29,836 Mitigation BSWSC (SPIU) 2,000,000 6,557 Monitoring BSWSC (SPIU) 7,900,000 25,902 Capacity BSWSC (SPIU), World Bank 5,500,000 18,033 Building Sub- Total 24,000,000 78,689 Contingency 10% of Sub- Total 2,400,000 7,869 Total 26,900,000 88,196.70 *1 US$ =N305

7.8 ESIA Disclosures After the ESIA review and clearance by the World Bank, the information in Table 7.9 describes the process of disclosure.

Table 7.9: Disclosure procedure s/n Action Remarks 1 Disclosure on 2 state newspapers The SPIU will disclose the ESIA/ESMP as required by the Nigeria EIA public notice and review procedures 2 Disclosure on 2 national newspapers The SPIU will disclose the ESIA/ESMP as required by the Nigeria EIA public notice and review procedures 3 Disclosure at the Bauchi State Ministry of The SPIU will disclose the ESIA/ESMP as required by the Environment Nigeria EIA public notice and review procedures 4 Disclosure at the BSWSC (SPIU) office The SPIU will disclose the ESIA/ESMP as required by the Nigeria EIA public notice and review procedures 5 Disclosure at Bauchi LGA office The purpose will be to inform stakeholders about the project activities; E&S impacts anticipated and proposed E&S mitigation measures. 6 Disclosure at the World Bank Info Shop The ESMP will be disclosed according to the World Bank ESS 10 (Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure)

Table 7.10: Environmental and Social Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Responsibility Cost of Parameters to Method of Performance Frequency & Responsibility Cost of Environmental For Mitigation be Measured Measurement Indicator Location of for Monitoring Monitoring and Social Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Mitigation (Naira) Monitoring (Naira) Impacts A PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE (SITE CLEARING) A1 Deterioration of • Maintain equipment & machinery to Contractor 1,000,000 Air quality In-situ FMEnv Weekly at Environmental 1,000,000 (for air local air quality manufacturers’ specifications by regular parameters (CO, measurement. permissible surrounding Safeguard quality and noise due to the servicing to reduce carbon emissions. NO2, SO2, CO2, limit communities Officer (ESO), level measuring emission of dusts • Use water to wet active areas for dust SPM ) and along Social Safeguard equipment) & gases suppression. Maintenance Visual Guru Road Officer (SSO) – • Conduct regular visual inspection of records observation of SPIU 200,000 dust pollution and ensure appropriate Driver’s training records & intervention if dust levels are high. records interviews Bauchi State 200,000 Ministry of • Train drivers/ workers on proper Environment (For monitoring operation of vehicles and equipment to Usage of (BSME) activities during include fuel efficiency and anti-idling. appropriate PPE preconstruction • Ensure no burning of waste on sites phase) • Use of tarpaulins to cover trucks transporting earth materials or spoil on public roads • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once completed • Provide and enforce the usage of appropriate PPE A2 Noise and • Select and use vehicles/equipment with Contractor 250,000 Noise level In situ Noise level at Weekly at ESO & SSO - vibration lower sound power levels. measurement sensitive Construction SPIU disturbances from • Install suitable mufflers on engine Usage of receptors not site and operation of exhausts and compressor components. appropriate PPE to exceed nearby BSME heavy-duty • Enforce appropriate speed limit to FMEnv communities vehicles reduce vehicle noise levels. recommended level (90 dBA) • Restrict noise generating activities for an 8 hour strictly to normal working hours (i.e. period 9am – 5pm). • Respond promptly to noise complaints. • Provide and enforce the usage of hearing protection devices (ear plugs/muffs) for workers.

Responsibility Cost of Parameters to Method of Performance Frequency & Responsibility Cost of Environmental For Mitigation be Measured Measurement Indicator Location of for Monitoring Monitoring and Social Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Mitigation (Naira) Monitoring (Naira) Impacts A3 Loss of vegetation • Restrict removal of vegetation and trees Contractor 250,000 Clearly defined Visual Available Weekly at ESO SPIU - and habitat to the area of need only. boundaries of observation; number and construction destruction protected areas and diversity of area BSME • Protect all vegetation not required to be plant species removed against damage; A4 Predisposition to Biodiversity within baseline soil erosion due to • Undertake quick re vegetation of Evidence of re- survey conditions the removal of exposed soils with indigenous plant vegetation vegetal cover. species once construction is completed. • Ensure construction of effective Evidence of drainage system and use erosion Erosion control protection structures such as riprap, measures gabions etc. drainage A5 Respiratory & eye • Same as A1 Contractor See A1 Same as A1 Same as A1 Same as A1 Same as A1 Same as A1 - problems (dusts & gaseous exposure) A6 Occupational • Develop and implement a project Contractor 250,000 OHSP Visual Compliance Monthly at SSO-SPIU - accidents and specific Occupational Health and Safety developed observation with Factory Construction injuries to workers Plan (OHSP). OHSP to include but not Act, 1990 Site and risk to limited to: No of trained community health - Prohibition of drug and alcohol use by first Aiders and safety workers while on the job. Usage of - Provision of adequate first aid, first appropriate PPE aiders, PPE, signages (English and

Hausa languages). Usage of - Restriction of unauthorized access to all signages and areas of high risk activities demarcations - Provision of specific personnel training on worksite OHS management PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE (INSTALLATION OF PRE-FABRICATED SITE STRUCTURES AND FACILITIES) A7 Increased security • Deploy competent security personnel to Contractor 1,250,000 No of security Records and Zero security Monthly at SSO - SPIU risks due to secure project site. personnel Interviews incidents Construction Local Vigilante 100,000 storage of engaged site and • Provide adequate training of security materials and surrounding Police 200,000 personnel. equipment on site communities • Disclose site security arrangements to the Police and host communities. A8 Occupational • Same as A6 Contractor See A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 - accident & injuries to workers

• Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas restoration once completed to restore the visual and zero no of and landscape integrity of the area. materials & • Remove all temporary structures, waste, equipment on equipment and vehicles from site site after immediately after construction. construction A10 Security risks due • Same as A7 Contractor See A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 to storage of materials and equipment on site A11 Threat to • Develop an induction program Contractor 500,000 Workers manual, Visual Community Monthly at SSO – SPIU - community including a code of conduct for all employment observation perception and Construction culture, safety and workers. The code of conduct will codes etc. and interviews level of site and Bauchi LGA 300,000 security due to address the following aspect: Respect Level of satisfaction. surrounding presence of for local residents; No hunting or awareness of local communities Police - workers unauthorized taking of products or culture by migrant livestock; Zero tolerance of illegal workers. activities such as child sexual exploitation and underage sex, Grievance prostitution, harassment of women, Redress System gender based violence, purchase or use of illegal drugs, fighting; Disciplinary Ratio of migrant measures and sanctions (e.g. dismissal) to local workers for infringement of the code of conduct and/or company rules; Commitment / Presence of policy to cooperate with law security enforcement agencies investigating personnel perpetrators of crimes including gender- based violence. • Provide cultural sensitization training to improve awareness of workers to local

• Ensure priority engagement and training of locals throughout project implementation. • Prohibit child and forced labour. A14 Traffic • Engage drivers with appropriate class of Contractor 1,000,000 Road Visual Community Weekly at ESO – SPIU - congestions and licence and adequate experience congestions Observation perception project area SSO – SPIU risks of road traffic • Train drivers on defensive driving and along accidents and techniques. Evidence of Interview Traffic Guru road FRSC 200,000 injuries. • Install appropriate safety signages training of Congestion at corridors and/or use signallers at strategic drivers peak periods Police - locations. Presence of No of road • Inform local communities in advance of Safety signage/ accidents and road diversions & major activities likely signallers injuries to affect traffic.

• Enforce road safety standards, traffic Speed limit rules including speed limits • Schedule large and slow moving vehicles Adherence to for off peak period traffic rules • Employ the services of Police traffic Wardens and The Road Safety Service

• Effluent from construction Weekly during activities will be monitored weekly construction by the contractor using water quality measuring equipment so as not to contain harmful materials before discharged into the natural environment. A18 Generation of • Dismantle existing reservoir and Contractor 250,000 Contractor’s Visual National Weekly at ESO – SPIU - waste from evacuate steel materials to BSWSC WMP Observation Environmental Project Site SSO – SPIU - dismantling facility for reuse in other projects. Protection existing steel • Develop and implement a site-specific Evidence of Interview (Management BASEPA 100,000 reservoir & Waste Management Plan (WMP) to waste of Solid and demolition include the following: segregation Hazardous activities. • Ensure segregation of dismantled Wastes) materials to facilitate reuse and recycling Waste storage Regulation opportunities. facility 1991.

• Ensure hazardous wastes are stored in Waste vendor labelled closed containers with licenses and secondary containment with 110% of Waste storage containers. evacuation

Response Plan to respond to incident of Soil quality Laboratory BASEPA spillage. parameters testing • Ensure fuel storage tanks are installed in a bunded area and checked daily. • Ensure regular maintenance of vehicles to avoid leaks of oil. • Prevent unregulated dumping of fuel waste. A20 Damage to • Obtain utility survey (water reticulation) Contractor -- Presence of Visual Zero damage Monthly at ESO – SPIU - existing water map from BSWSC to identify existing utility survey Observation to utility and project site SSO – SPIU supply facilities at Buzaye Hill before and Interviews assets Project Engineer infrastructure demolition/excavation works to prevent Presence of - SPIU damages and disruption of services. Project Engineer • Ensure demolition/excavation work is from BSWSC done with the supervision of Project Engineer from BSWSC A21 Increased security • Ensure prompt evacuation of steel Contractor See A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 Same as A7 risks due to materials to a safe location after storage of steel dismantling materials on site • Deploy competent security personnel to secure project site. • Provide adequate training of security personnel. • Disclose site security arrangements to the Police and host communities A22 Risks of • Same as A6 Contractor See A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 Same as A6 occupational accident & injuries B CONSTRUCTION PHASE - EARTHWORKS (CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE RESERVOIR, PIPE SUPPORT STRUCTURES & SITE FENCING) B1 Deterioration of • Maintain equipment & machinery to Contractor See A1 Air quality In-situ FMEnv Monthly at ESO - SPIU 2,000,000 local air quality manufacturers’ specifications by regular parameters (CO, measurement. permissible surrounding SSO – SPIU (covering

due to the release servicing to reduce carbon emissions. NO2, SO2, CO2, limit communities monitoring of dust & exhaust • Use water to wet active areas for dust SPM ) and along activities by gases. suppression. Maintenance Visual Guru Road Safeguard Unit • Conduct regular visual inspection of records observation of for construction dust pollution and ensure appropriate Driver’s training records & phase). intervention if dust levels are high. records interviews • Train drivers/ workers on proper operation of vehicles and equipment to Usage of BSME 400,000 include fuel efficiency and anti-idling. appropriate PPE • Ensure no burning of waste on sites • Use of tarpaulins to cover trucks transporting earth materials or spoil on public roads • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once construction is completed. • Provide and enforce the usage of appropriate PPE. B2 Noise and • Select and use vehicles/equipment with Contractor See A2 Noise level In situ Noise level at Monthly at ESO & SSO - vibration lower sound power levels. measurement sensitive Construction SPIU disturbances • Install suitable mufflers on engine Usage of receptors not site and exhausts and compressor components. appropriate PPE to exceed nearby BSME • Enforce appropriate speed limit to FMEnv communities reduce vehicle noise levels. recommended level (90 dBA) • Restrict noise generating activities for an 8 hour strictly to normal working hours (i.e. period 9am – 5pm). • Respond promptly to noise complaints. • Provide and enforce the usage of hearing protection devices (ear plugs/muffs) for workers. B3 Predisposition of • Restrict removal of vegetation and trees Contractor See A3 Clearly defined Visual Available Monthly at ESO SPIU - soil to erosion. to the area of need only. boundaries of observation; number and construction protected areas and diversity of area BSME • Protect all vegetation not required to be plant species removed against damage; Biodiversity within baseline • Undertake quick re vegetation of Evidence of re- survey conditions exposed soils with indigenous plant vegetation species once construction is completed.

Responsibility Cost of Parameters to Method of Performance Frequency & Responsibility Cost of Environmental For Mitigation be Measured Measurement Indicator Location of for Monitoring Monitoring and Social Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Mitigation (Naira) Monitoring (Naira) Impacts • Ensure construction of effective Evidence of drainage system and use erosion Erosion control protection structures such as riprap, measures gabions etc. drainage B4 Soil contamination • Develop and implement a site-specific Contractor 250,000 Emergency Visual FMEnv Soil Monthly at ESO – SPIU - from Waste Management Plan (WMP) Response Plan observation Quality Project Site leakage/spillage of developed Standards BSME - • Prepare and implement an Emergency fuel from Response Plan to respond to incident of equipment & Soil quality Laboratory BASEPA 500,000 spillage. vehicles. parameters testing • Ensure fuel storage tanks are installed in a bunded area and checked daily. • Ensure regular maintenance of vehicles to avoid leaks of oil. • Prevent unregulated dumping of fuel waste. B5 Generation of • Ensure provision of sanitary facilities on Contractor 500,000 Presence of Visual National Weekly at ESO – SPIU - sanitary waste site for workers and enforce usage. functional Observation Environmental Project Site SSO – SPIU from worker’s • Ensure usage of BASEPA approved sanitary facilities Protection camp waste vendor for waste evacuation & on site Interview (Management BASEPA disposal. Waste vendor of Solid and licenses and Hazardous waste evacuation Wastes) documentation Regulations 1991. B6 Generation of • Develop and implement a site-specific Contractor See B5 Contractor’s Visual National Weekly at ESO – SPIU - construction waste Waste Management Plan (WMP) to WMP Observation Environmental Project Site SSO – SPIU including spoils, include the following: Protection Evidence of debris and • Interview (Management BASEPA Ensure segregation of waste to facilitate waste concrete reuse and recycling opportunities. of Solid and segregation Hazardous • Ensure hazardous wastes are stored in labelled closed containers with Waste storage Wastes) secondary containment with 110% of facility Regulation 1991. storage containers. • Ensure no burning of waste on site. Waste vendor • Ensure usage of BASEPA approved licenses and waste vendor for waste evacuation, waste evacuation processing & disposal. documentation

important visual focal points. Site

opportunities. Amount of • Avoid excessive waste generation by waste generated using the right amount of materials e.g. cement, water etc B10 Direct and indirect • Ensure construction jobs are targeted to Contractor 100,000 Ratio of migrant Visual Community Monthly at SSO – SPIU - job creation to local workers observation perception and Construction

socioeconomic • Ensure priority engagement and training

activities from of locals throughout project

direct and indirect implementation. employment • Prohibit child and forced labour. B13 Risk of • Providing awareness training to the Contractor 500,000 Evidence of Interview No of Monthly at SSO – SPIU - communicable workforce regarding the transmission of awareness incidents/ Construction BSME - diseases e.g. STDs STDs, and traffic safety awareness; among cases site, from influx of • Institute HIV prevention programs construction surrounding Bauchi State 200,000 workers (peer education, condom distribution) workers and communities Ministry of • Provide opportunities for workers to members of and healthcare Health (BSMH) regularly return to their families. affected facilities communities Bauchi LGA - • Liaise with appropriate health focused BSWSC 2,000,000 NGOs to undertake health awareness (SPIU) and education initiatives on STDs

especially HIV/AIDS, Voluntary Counselling & Testing (VCT) amongst workers and local communities. B14 Land degradation • Ensure sourcing of earth materials from SPIU - Quarry Lease of Visual Materials Quarterly at ESO – SPIU - and increased registered quarries with appropriate quarry sites observation sourced from material BSME susceptibility to Contractor - licenced borrow sites quarry lease to prevent illegal sand Spoil erosion due to quarries and Project mining. management sourcing of • Avoid the production of excess spoil site construction material and reduce the need for borrow Developed site materials pit materials. Reclamation B15 Improper Plan • Develop and implement Site abandoning of Reclamation Plan to ensure that site is Number of borrow pits restored to a safe and stable state borrow pits B16 Traffic congestion • Engage drivers with appropriate class of Contractor See A14 Road Visual Community Weekly at ESO – SPIU - and increased road licence and adequate experience congestions Observation perception project area SSO – SPIU - traffic accident • Train drivers on defensive driving and along techniques. Evidence of Interview Traffic Guru road FRSC 500,000 • Install appropriate safety signages training of Congestion at corridors and/or use signallers at strategic drivers peak periods Police 500,000 locations.

aiders, PPE, signages (English and Usage of Hausa languages). signages and - Restriction of unauthorized access to all demarcations areas of high risk activities. - Provision of specific personnel training on worksite OHS management. CONSTRUCTION PHASE (METAL/PIPE WORKS) B18 Generation of • Same as B6 Contractor See A18 Same as B6 Same as B6 Same as B6 Same as B6 Same as B6 Same as B6 waste B19 Risks of • Same as B17 Contractor See A6 Same as B17 Same as B17 Same as B17 Same as B17 Same as B17 Same as B17 occupational accidents & injuries CONSTRUCTION PHASE - TESTING AND COMMISSIONING B20 Flooding in nearby • Ensure construction meets applicable Contractor 500,000 Rehabilitation of Visual Zero incident Once during ESO – SPIU - areas due to standards and industry practices. Bauchi township Observation of flooding testing and SSO – SPIU - accidental • Conduct integrity checks of reservoir drainage network and erosion commissioning discharge of water and ancillary structures prior to filling Project Engineer 1,000,000 during testing with water. Contractor’s - SPIU • Ensure gradual (phase) filling of Emergency Response Plan

• Provide a grievance mechanism for workers to raise workplace concerns. Risk of • Include in the bid document and also in Contractor Records Documentatio Check and SSO – SPIU B23 GBV/VAC/Child the contract the need for contractor to Evidence of inspection n evaluate during Labour draft and sign the following: inclusion in the bid evaluation • Company’s code of conduct for bid advert and prevention of GBV and VAC; contract • Manager’s code of conduct for prevention of GBV and VAC

• Individual’s code of conduct for

prevention of GBV and VAC

• Community and workers’ training Contractor 500,000 Once annually SSO – SPIU and community sensitization on GBV/SEA/VAC; • Developing a specific internal Records of training and “Reporting and Response Protocol awareness and GRM" to guide relevant conducted and evidence of

C OPERATION PHASE – NORMAL OPERATION OF RESERVOIR C1 Potential • Conduct regular inspection and BSWSC Part of Records of Visual WHO Quarterly at Bauchi State Part of operation community health maintenance of reservoir including Operational inspection, observation Guidelines the reservoir Ministry of cost risk from reservoir draining and removing sediments, cost maintenance and value for during Water Resources water water sample Water operation (BSMWR) applying rust proofing, and repairing drinking- contamination damaged structures. analysis sampling and • Ensure that all installation, repair, laboratory/ in- water Bauchi State Fire replacement and rehabilitation work situ analysis quality Services and conform to requirements for sanitary other emergency protection. agencies • Collect samples regularly from the reservoir to test for chlorine residual (disinfectant) - ensure that adequate chlorine residual is maintained to control microbial growth and biofilm development. • Implement a leak detection and repair program. • Evaluate the vulnerability of the reservoir and implement appropriate security measures including background checks of employees, perimeter fencing and video surveillance. C2 Accidental • Prepare and implement an Emergency BSWSC Part of Emergency Visual Zero incidents Quarterly BSMWR Part of operation discharge of water Response Plan to respond to incident of Operational Response Plan observation during cost due to structural reservoir failure. cost including operation at Bauchi State Fire failure of reservoir • Sensitize the public and provide them emergency shut Interview project Services and with emergency numbers to call in case down location other emergency of reservoir failure. procedures agencies • Conduct regular inspection and maintenance of reservoir including Records of prompt repair of damaged structures. inspection and maintenance • Ensure that all installation, repair,

• Prepare and implement an Emergency Availability of Response Plan to respond to emergency emergencies. number for • Shut down operation promptly if in case member of the of suspected overfilling or other public emergencies. • Sensitise the public and provide them Monitoring with emergency numbers to call in case system e.g. of emergencies. presence of staff • If possible, install electronic systems to or remote digitally monitor reservoir operations monitoring and remotely control all activities. facility OPERATION PHASE – MAINTENANCE OF RESERVOIR

- Provision of adequate first aid, first Usage of aiders, PPE, signages (English and appropriate PPE Hausa languages).

- Restriction of unauthorized access to all Usage of areas of high risk activities. signages and - Provision of specific personnel training demarcations on worksite OHS management C15 Direct and indirect • Ensure maintenance jobs are targeted to BSWSC/ Part of Ratio of migrant Visual Community Weekly at Bauchi LGA Part of operation job creation. members of local communities. Contractor Maintenance to local workers observation perception and Construction cost cost and interviews level of site and • Ensure prior notification of local satisfaction. surrounding communities of employment and communities procurement opportunities.

• Prohibit child and forced labour. Total Cost of Mitigation 10,600,000 Total Cost of Monitoring 7,900,000.00

7.9 Waste Streams and Management Plan The preconstruction and construction activities will inevitably lead to generation of all kinds of waste which must be well managed to prevent pollution and environmental degradation. All wastes generated from the project will be broadly classified as either non-hazardous or hazardous following an assessment of the hazard potentials of the materials. Furthermore, the management principles and priorities shall for all classes of waste will be based on an integrated approach anchored on the internationally accepted 4Rs of waste management hierarchy of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover as the primary drivers while disposal shall be the last option.

Anticipated hazardous wastes during proposed project implementation may include wet concrete, used oil and oil filter, oily rags, chemical containers, batteries etc. while non-hazardous waste may include general industrial type waste such as vegetal waste, scrap metals, wooden pallets, plastics, paper and cardboard waste, food waste etc. The major waste streams anticipated are discussed in Table 7.11 below with their management options.

Table 7.11: Potential Waste Streams and Management Potential Waste Type Potential Waste Management Measures Source/Activity Streams PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Site clearing Non- Vegetal wastes - Recycle as mulch or compost for agricultural or including vegetation Hazardous (organic wastes), landscaping purposes. clearance spoils - Reuse wood debris and slash as fuel wood for cooking. - Stockpile and reuse spoils during construction CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dismantling of Non- Steel The existing 876m3 steel reservoir will be existing Steel Hazardous carefully dismantled and transported to be Reservoir stored at BSWSC facilities from where it will be reused in construction of smaller steel reservoirs in the future. Earthworks & Pipe- Non- Spoils Minimize amount of spoil/unsuitable rock works Hazardous Waste rock aggregates generated through proper design. - Re-use/recycle suitable spoil to the extent possible. - Re-usable spoils should be stored on-site in designated stockpile areas. - Unsuitable spoils should be transferred off-site by registered waste contractor. Non- Cement bags, There are recycling opportunities for some of Hazardous metal scraps, these materials, therefore they will be adequately wooden pallets, segregated and stored on-site to be provided to paper, cardboard, local industries for reuse or recycling as packaging materials appropriate. All waste that cannot be reused or recycled will be placed in appropriate on-site storage containers and evacuated at least once a week by BASEPA for disposal in approved facility. Non- Waste water from - Discharge to ground as its expected to be non- Hazardous concrete hazardous production and equipment washing. Hazardous Spills of oil and - Store on site in closed containers with secondary fuels from vehicles containment and transfer to a registered waste and equipment, contractor with off-site permitted hazardous waste spent oil, paint, oily treatment, storage, or disposal facilities rags and containers etc.

Movement and Emissions CO2, SO2, NO2, - Use water suppression to prevent dust emissions. usage of heavy-duty CO, Dust - Maintain vehicles and machineries to reduce vehicles for emissions construction and - Maintain low speed to reduce dust and gaseous transportation of emissions materials & workers - Allow aerial dispersal over a large area. Workers camp and Non- Paper wastes, - Segregate, reuse and recycle as appropriate. Site office Hazardous packaging and - Organic wastes can be transferred to locals for operations (Domestic & food wastes, metal use as compost and animal feed. Sanitary cans of drinks, - Plastic and other packaging to be recycled Wastes) sanitary wastes through licensed recycling third parties - Non-recyclables to be removed by BASEPA for disposal at approved sites. Hazardous Used ink - Store on site in closed containers with secondary cartridges, used containment and transfer to a registered waste storage containers, contractor with off-site permitted hazardous waste office wastes, oily treatment, storage, or disposal facilities rags etc Sewage Waste water, - Provision of on-site mobile toilets with waste human excreta evacuated daily by approved contractors. Non- contaminated waste water can be discharged to the environment through the drainage systems. OPERATION PHASE Operation and Non- Vegetal waste and Vegetal waste to be recycled as mulch or compost Maintenance of Hazardous waste water for agricultural or landscaping purposes. Wooden Reservoir debris can be used as fuel wood for cooking. Waste water during washouts should be carefully discharged through the city drainage in a controlled and well monitored process. Hazardous Waste concrete, Store in closed containers with secondary Spent oils etc containment and transfer to a registered waste contractor with off-site permitted hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities. *CO2 = Carbon Dioxide; SO2 = Sulphur Dioxide; NO2 = Nitrogen Dioxide; CO = Carbon Monoxide

CHAPTER EIGHT: PUBLIC CONSULTATION

8.1 Introduction As an integral part of the ESIA requirement, this ESIA study accords high premium to public and stakeholder consultation which also remains a continuum throughout the various stages of the ESIA. The stakeholder profile carried out by our team revealed categories of stakeholders as primary and secondary stakeholders. Secondary stakeholders are those that have some interest in the project with capacity to wield some influence that may affect the project such as regulators and monitoring institutions including the Ministry of Environment and Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency as well as the Traditional rulers while Primary stakeholders are those persons, groups and communities that will benefit from the Water Project and those that will receive the adverse impacts resulting from the intervention. They include household members and vulnerable groups. Vulnerable Groups: This is defined as people who may by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, marital status (widow/ widower), physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage or social status are more adversely affected by the project than others; and who may have limited ability to claim or take advantage of related development benefits. In line with the abovedefinition of vulnerability and profiling carried out in the context of this study, vulnerable groups identified and consulted include water vendors (whose source of income will be affected),women and children who trek long distances to fetch water for their households and are often exposed to health hazards due to unhygienic conditions. Consultations carried out with each stakeholder group is recorded below:

8.2: Overview of Consultations Conducted This section presents a summary of consultations carried out with different stakeholders including communities, institutions, women and water vendors while case by case details of consultations are attached in appendix 8.

Table 8.1: Summary of Consultations with Benefitting communities Locations of meeting Guru community (19th December 2018), Yelwa Markaranta community (19th December 2018) and Wutin Dada Community (20th December 2018). Preamble The project area constitutes of urban and semi urban areas. It is also indicative of the type of livelihood practiced in the area. Farming livelihood is dominant in the semi urban areas such as Wuntin Dada and Guru while the communities in the core urban area such as Yelwa Makaranta have over 80% of its settlers as civil servants. Introduction The communication officer of BSWSC, Shehu yahaya Jakam introduced the ESIA consultant who have been engaged by World Bank to prepare an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the construction of 7000m3 Capacity Reinforce Concrete Reservoir on Buzaye hill. The Project development objective was shared with the communities. They were equally informed about the opportunities and positive impacts of the project as well as the adverse impacts. Their support and inputs were solicited to ensure a successful implementation during construction and operation stages. Response and Concerns of the All the communities received the information with delight. They revealed that poor access communities to water has been an age long problem in their areas. This has led to the proliferations of boreholes by those that can afford it. Poor access to water has also made life difficult for their women and children who they said, trek for a long distances in search of Well and stream water for family uses. They also attributed it to the root of typhoid and other communicable diseases they have often suffered.

The community wanted to know when this project will come on stream. They assured to give their support through security surveillances, participation in civil works and any other measures that can be helpful.

On how disputes are resolved, a unanimous pattern was observed for the three communities. Disputes are handled through the traditional rulers. Disputes among families or households are settled by Sarki while disputes between husband and wife or 94

between brothers are resolved by Zauran Sulhu. They also have vigilantes designated by the Sarkin to enforce rules and orders including the arrest of trouble makers and thieves. . How concerns were addressed They were informed that the project will commence as soon as the ESIA report and other necessary studies are completed and publicly disclosed. They were told that they will be carried along during project implementation.

Table 8.2: Consultation with Ministry of Environment Venue: Office of Acting Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Bauchi. Date 18th December, 2018 Opening Remarks The communication officer of BSWSC, ShehuYahaya Jakam introduced the ESIA team to acting PS of Ministry of Environment and to his staff present. He informed them that they were on a mission to carry out studies that will lead to the preparation of ESIA report which is necessitated by the construction of 7000m3 Capacity Reinforced Concrete Reservoir on Buzaye Hill. Remarks by ESIA The ESIA consultant, Mr Oliver Nwuju thanked the acting Permanent Secretary for Consultant responding to the invitation. In addressing them, he reiterated the importance of carrying out ESIA which is an instrument required to assess the impacts, severity and magnitude with a view to proffer suitable mitigation measures for the significant adverse impacts. He also requested to be assisted with the laws and legislative framework to help him prepare his report effectively. Remarks by Acting Mauritau Maisuri, Acting Permanent Secretary gave his maximum support for the execution Permanent Secretary of the project.

HIGHLIGHTS OF QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES Questions and Concerns Responses Babanginda Gambo asked if The consultant is in charge of ESIA preparation the consultant is in charge of ESIA preparation or the contractor contracted to construct the 7000m3 Capacity reinforce Concrete Reservoir Samuel Salah asked if the The project is a sub-project and has already commenced following the project is a sub-project or a reconnaissance survey which was carried out on the 17th of December, 2018. project on its own and how long will it take before it commences Closing Remarks Samuel Salah informed the consultant that the Environmental Management Framework manual has undergone series of panel review and would be made available to him for his perusal.

Table 8.3: MINUTES OF CONSULTATION AT BAUCHI STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (BASEPA) Venue Office of the Director General, BASEPA, Bauchi

Date 18 December, 2018

Attendance Saad Umar (DG, BASEPA)

Ahmed Musa Danlami (BASEPA) Shehu Yahaya Jakam (Communication Officer, SPIU)

Idris D. Bello (Environmental Safeguard Officer, SPIU) Aliyu Dambam (Social Safeguard Officer, SPIU) Introduction The meeting commenced with the Communication Officer, SPIU, Mr. Shehu Yahaya Jakam introducing his team and the ESIA consultant to the DG, BASEPA. Thereafter, the ESIA Consultant introduced his team and the DG BASEPA also introduced himself and his team.

Key information The Communication Officer, SPIU, Mr. Shehu Yahaya Jakam, provided the background to the proposed project and presented the project objectives and benefits. He stated that the project will involve the decommissioning of the existing 800m3 storage reservoir at Buzaye hill to give room for the construction of 7,000m3 concrete reservoir to improve water supply and distribution in the Bauchi metropolis and beyond.

Remark by ESIA The ESIA consultant, Mr Oliver Nwuju, described his assignment to BASEPA which is Consultant essentially to undertake an ESIA prior to the construction of the 7000m3 concrete reservoir. He stated that goal of the ESIA is to identify and assess potential impacts of the proposed project and propose appropriate measures to mitigate the significant adverse effects in order to ensure that the proposed project is environmentally and socially sustainable. He stressed that BASEPA has been identified as a critical stakeholder that will be involved in the ESIA process and during the construction and operation of the concrete reservoir as waste will inevitably be generated. Waste must be well managed to prevent environmental pollution and public health issues. He thereby called on BASEPA to be involved and ensure waste are managed in line with relevant laws in the state.

Remark by DG, The DG BASEPA, Mr. Saad Umar, welcomed the team to his office and assured them of BASEPA support towards the ESIA and project implementation. The DG expressed delight that the World Bank is supporting the State Government to ensure adequate water supply to the people of the state. He further stressed that, the Agency has always been supporting all World Bank initiatives in the state and will equally support this one.

HIGHLIGHTS OF QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES

Questions and Responses Concerns

The ESIA consultant The DG, BASEPA responded that BASEPA is a legal entity created by law in the 90s but a asked to know the new law was enacted in 2017 to strengthen the mandate of the Agency. The Agency is roles and responsible for waste management, operations and regulations in the state. The DG added responsibilities of that although BASEPA is independent in its operations, the State Ministry of Environment is BASEPA and the the supervising ministry and there is good relationship between the Ministry and the Agency. relationship with the State Ministry of Environment?

The Consultant asked The DG responded that BASEPA is responsible for waste management in the State but may about the operations do so in collaboration with private operators in low density areas and organised estates. In of BASEPA and the addition, contractors are also engaged for some sanitation activities such as street cleaning in coverage of their urban cities. So basically, BASEPA oversees waste management activities and regulate activities in Bauchi activities of waste contractors and investors in the state. State?

The Consultant asked The BASEPA Admin Manager responded that BASEPA has guidelines and laws which they about BASEPA’s will make available to SPIU to guide the activities of their Contractors during project expectation from implementation. The DG also stressed that BASEPA will be part of the ESIA, assess the Contractors that will scope of construction and make contributions and recommendations for proper waste construct the concrete management. He stressed that the BASEPA law is adequate to ensure the right things are reservoirs so that such done regarding waste in the state. expectation will be included in the Contract for the project

The Consultant asked The DG responded that BASEPA currently has a site for municipal waste disposal. if BASEPA segregates Unfortunately, there is no separate facility for hazardous waste management at the moment. waste or has facilities However, BASEPA is currently working with private registered segregators for metal and to manage hazardous plastics and the organic one will soon commence. These people are registered by BASEPA to waste operate on the site segregating waste for recycling and reuse under the waste to wealth initiative.

The Consultant asked The DG responded that there are gaps in the area of logistics as there are not enough vehicles about any challenges for waste and other operations. He equally stressed that there is need to strengthen the BASEPA is currently capacity of staff to enhance their operational capacity. facing?

CLOSING REMARKS

Communication Thanked DG BASEPA and other staff present at the meeting for their cooperation. He Officer, SPIU assures them that they will be further carried along throughout the process of ESIA and during project implementation to ensure the overall sustainability of the project

DG BASEPA Thanked the Consultant and SPIU for the consultation. Assured them of support and cooperation. He stressed the need to carry BASEPA along throughout the process. He promised to send all requested documents to the SPIU promptly.

Table 8.4: Consultations with Women

Locations of meeting Sarki Wuntin Dada Palace (20th December 2019); Sarki Yelwa Makaranta Palace (21th December 2019); Sarki Guru Palace (21st December 2019); Language of communication English and Hausa Introduction The storyboard of the project was presented to the women in each of the three venues, highlighting the objective of the project, source of funding, benefit and adverse impacts. Yes, they were informed about the project Perception of the project The women in all the three communities showed great acceptance of the project. They explained that they have been praying for such an intervention for long, pointing out that they buy water at a high cost of N30 per gallon, and often trek a long distance to go to the stream and Well when they cannot afford to buy from water vendors.

Concerns raised In the past, some people have come to promise to bring water to their community without fulfilling the promises. The women wondered if the present promise will be implemented and when? They want the project implementers to imbibe good behaviors towards the women and community at large.

Response to concerns The consultant team and BSWSC-SPIU staff assured them that this is a World Bank project hence the project will be fully implemented. They were informed that the project will commence as soon as the ESIA report and other necessary studies are completed. They were assured that there is a code of conduct already in the contractors contract to ensure good behavior of contractor’s staff during construction.

Table 8.5: Consultations with Water Vendors

Venue Sarki Wuntin Dada Palace Date 21th December, 2018 Language of English and Hausa communication Introduction The Water Vendor group are young men and adolescence who are engaged in the livelihood of distribution and sales of water to households in the project communities. In attendance at the meeting were 24 vendors mobilized from the project communities. A profile of the group shows that they are young people, mostly uneducated and with low income. They are not coordinated or in a registered association. The consultation was to inform them about the project (its benefits and adverse impacts), ascertain their concerns and elicit inputs from them that would 97

deepen decisions that will affect their livelihood restoration and the project in general. Comments and concerns The group expressed worries about the effect of the project to their Water distribution livelihood. Many of them stated that they have been into the activity for 5 years and more, and do not have any other source of income. They requested the Project to find a way to assist them with employment or cash transfer to start petty trading business. The under-aged among them stated that they are into the water sales activity because of poverty and would have preferred to enroll in school if their meal can be provided. How concerns were The vendors were informed that their concern is genuine and important to the State addressed Government. The BSWSC will assist to collect their biodata, register them as a vulnerable group and work out a short and long term plan for their welfare and sustainability. The under-aged among them (9 to 14 years) without formal education will be assisted to go back to school. The project will liaise with appropriate government agencies to secure the Federal Government Free School Meal for them. Others who are of working age will be linked to productive opportunities to ensure that they suffer no net loss as a result of the project.

Conclusion The meeting ended with documentation of their names and contacts; and a promise to consult them further in the near future in furtherance of the implementation of decisions taken at today’s meeting.

8.3 STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT Stakeholder engagement is an integral part of the ESIA process. As part of the stakeholder engagement plan (SEP), affected communities and relevant stakeholders have been identified for informed and meaningful consultation at the early stages of the ESIA process to ensure that the interests, concerns and inputs of affected communities and stakeholders are integrated into the overall project plan thus mainstreaming bottom up approach in the ESIA study. The range of stakeholders includes primary and secondary stakeholders.

Primary stakeholders: This refers to the direct social groups and communities that will be affected by the activities of the project. They include: • Buzuaye hill Area Settlement; • Wutin Dada community, • Sabon Kaura community; • Guru community; • Yelwa Makaranta community; • Tsohon Kamfani community and Sabon Layi community • Water Vendor Group; • Vulnerable group in the project area, women and youths.

Secondary Stakeholders These include agencies and groups that have responsibilities or interest in the investment such as: • Federal and State Ministries of Environment; • Ministry of Water Resources; • Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation; • Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency and, Bauchi metropolitan LGA

8.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN AND STRATEGIES Stakeholder engagement is a continuous process that will continue throughout the ESIA process and throughout the life cycle of the project. The SEP and strategies for engagement as well as purpose and targets for each period of engagement are described in the table below:

Table 8.6: Stakeholder Engagement Plan # Project Stage Activities/Events and purposes Target Group Method/strategy 1 Pre- • Disclosure of project • Bauchi Water Board • Invitation through the construction information • Affected project village heads, youth leader, • Planning and designing communities including and heads of • Identification of settlement and land owners, youths agencies/associations population that are at risk and administrative • Invitation via village • ESIA scoping and study heads messenger • State and Federal • Distribution of fliers to the Ministry of locals printed in Hausa Environment language • NGOs • Invitation by official letter to the authority 2 Construction • Dismantling of existing reservoir • BSWSC • Invitation through the tank and installations • Contractor; village heads, youth leader, • Transportation and disposal of • BSEPA and heads of the wastes/debris • Affected project agencies/associations • Participation in construction communities (youths, • Invitation via village activities/employment skilled & unskilled messenger • Implementation of the willing labour) • Distribution of fliers to the ESIA/ESMP • State Ministry of locals printed in Hausa • Monitoring of the ESIA/ESMP Environment language implementation • Arrangement of monitoring responsibilities to stakeholder agencies • Follow up calls by projects environmental and social officers 3 Operation • Audit/post construction impact • Households in the • Community based evaluation project communities Interview, questionnaire • Service delivery/utility audit • Traditional rulers, survey by proponent or its • Employment creation district and village consultant • Service support externalities heads in the project • Invitation through the • Maintenance/wear and tear area village heads, youth leader, activities • BSWSC and heads of agencies/associations • Follow up calls by projects environmental and social officers 4 Decommissio • Removal of obsolete • State Ministry of • Follow up calls by projects ning installations Environment environmental and social • BSWSC officers and the project • BSEPA engineer CHAPTER NINE: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 9.1 Introduction The grievance redress mechanism is anchored on the need to provide a forum locally to receive, hear and resolve disputes arising from project implementation in the best interest of all parties to prevent the lengthy process of litigation, which could affect the efficiency and effectiveness of dispute resolution. Therefore, the setting of grievance redress committee early during the project’s preparation is imperative. Grievances may not be limited to but can arise from any of the following: 1) involuntary resettlement and compensation issues, 2) violence, 3) exclusion from project benefits and non-compliance of the contractor to the agreement reached with SPIU or the community.

9.2 Setting up a Grievance Redress Committee

Channel 1: GRC at the Site/community Level:

The first channel for filing grievance shall be the district heads. The underlying merit is that the district heads leadership system has proven a cordial and notable channel for conflict resolution in the project areas. The district head shall head this committee while membership of the committee will consist of:

• The District head or a person appointed by him from his council;

• Secretary to the district head

• The village/ward head;

• The Woman leader in the community or her secretary

• 2 Representatives of PAPs in the project

• 2 members of the road maintenance committee

GRC at the SPIU Level:

The second channel for filing grievance shall be at the level of the project’s SPIU. The state project coordinator shall constitute a team within the SPIU to receive, hear and address complaints that are not resolved by district level GRCs at district level. The team will be headed by the Social and Livelihood Officer. The SPC shall head this committee while membership of the committee shall be as follow:

• Social Safeguard Officer;

• Communication officer/ Public relations officer;

• Environmental officer

• Monitoring and Evaluation officer, and

• The project Engineer

• A witnessing NGO

GRC at the State Steering Committee Level:

The committee at this level shall be headed by the Permanent Secretary Ministry of Water Resources while the SPC shall serve as the secretary of the committee. Membership of the GRC at this level shall constitute as follows:

• The Permanent Secretary;

• Director Ministry of Water Resources

• Director BSWC;

• Director Ministry of Environment

• The State Project Coordinator of NUWSRP-3

• A witnessing NGO

Informing Parties on Levels and Channels of Grievance Uptake

Community members have been sufficiently informed during public consultation meetings held across the project areas that there will be 3 levels at which aggrieved persons can channel his/her complaints for redress. Grievance redress shall be funded by the SPIU so that there shall be no cost to the aggrieved/complainant for redress. These shall include: 1) the project site/community level, 2) the State Project Implementation Unit level and 3) the State Project Monitoring Committee level. PAPs have also been informed that it is their right to seek redress in the court of law as the last resort, if they felt dissatisfied with the judgments obtained from the grievance redress committees set up by this project.

Grievance Redress Procedure

The procedure for addressing potential grievance arising from this project shall involve the steps described in the grievance log shown below:

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Registration of grievance with the Grievance Redress Committee

Treatment of grievance

Closure of grievance by Committee

Is complainant satisfied with Yes No Committee decision

Closure of grievance by Resort to grievance Committee

Grievance processing by Committee

Response of the Committee

Yes Is complainant satisfied Closure of complaint with decision

PCU or Court

Figure 1: Grievance Log showing steps for grievance redress

As shown in the grievance log, an aggrieved PAP will have the opportunity to lodge complaint with the GRC at the residence or palace of the community district head. That will be the first channel of grievance uptake. It is expected that the matter should be addressed and determined within 10 days from date of receiving the complaint. If a complainant feels dissatisfied with the outcome of the closure of the matter by the community GRC, he/she is encouraged to go to the higher channel for redress. Steps for grievance redress shall involve:

i. Registration The secretary of the committee will receive grievance from the complainant, register and acknowledge receipt of grievance to the grievant within 2 days. The registration will capture the following data: name of the complainant, date of the grievance, category of the grievance, persons involved, and impacts on complainant life, proofs and witnesses. A registration form will have all these bits of information. ii. Treatment of Grievance This involves the verification of grievance to determine among other things whether the matter has relationship with the project activities, and whether the matter can be handled/resolved at the level where it is presented. This will determine if the matter should be referred to the next level or not. Part of the investigations may also be to assess the cost of lost or risk involved in the grievance. iii. Closing of the Grievance or the Processing of the matter This involves options and approach taken to resolving the case. This may involve site visit for physical inspection and determination of the claim, negotiation with the aggrieved PAP and feed back to the parties involved. iv. Feed back

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All responses to the complainant in a grievance redress process that moves beyond a unit level must be communicated in writing and/or by verbal presentation to the complainant. This will include a follow up on the corresponding authority where cases are referred, to ascertain the status of reported cases. Feedback on outcome of each case should get to the complainant through the secretary of committee or social contact/safeguard person as the case may be. It is expected that reported complaints at each level will be resolved and determined within 10 days from date of receipt of the complaint. Financing of the Grievance Redress Mechanism and Cost of Remediation The proponent shall be responsible for the funding of logistics for the GRC as well as the eventual compensation or resettlement remediation that aggrieved party may be entitled to. The proponent will also be responsible for the cost of the judicial process for cases that result to court for adjudication. The anticipated cost of GRM is 5% of the project mitigation cost. The implementation plan for the GRM is shown in Table 1.

Table 12: Implementation plan for grievance mechanism Steps Process Description Completion Responsible Time frame Agency/Person 1 Receipt of complaint Document date of receipt, name 1 day Secretary to GRC at project of complainant, village, nature of level complaint, inform the SPIU 2 Acknowledgement of By letter, email, phone 1-2 days Social safeguard officer at grievance SPIU 3 Screen and Establish Visit the site; listen to the 5-10 days GRC & social safeguard the Merit of the complainant/community; officer & the aggrieved PAP Grievance assess the merit or his/her representative 4 Implement and Where complaint is justified, 14 days or at a PC-PIU and Social safeguard monitor a redress carry out resettlement redress in time specified in Officer action line with the entitlement writing to the matrix/OP 4.12 aggrieved PAP 5 Extra intervention for Review the redress steps and 10 days of PC-PIU a dissatisfied scenario conclusions, provide intervention receiving status solution report 6 Judicial adjudication Take complaint to court of law No fixed time Complainant 7 Funding of grievance GRC logistics and training, No fixed time The proponent process redress compensation, court process

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CHAPTER TEN: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10.1 Conclusions The ESIA for the proposed construction of 7000m3 capacity reinforced concrete reservoir on Buzaye Hill along within the new GRA in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi LGA in Bauchi State was undertaken in line with the World Bank E&S Safeguards Policies, Nigerian EIA Act Cap E12 LFN 2004 and EIA Sectoral Guidelines for infrastructure and Bauchi State Environmental and Social laws. The overall goal of ESIA is to identify and assess the potential E&S impacts of the proposed project, evaluate alternatives and propose appropriate measures to mitigate the significant adverse effects and enhance potential benefits in order to ensure that the proposed project is environmentally and socially sustainable.

A multidisciplinary approach was employed for the study in order to holistically address all pertinent aspects of the proposed project on the bio-physical and social conditions of the project area. The methodology entailed a comprehensive review of relevant literatures, stakeholders’ consultation, field data gathering and laboratory analysis, potential impact identification and evaluation, identification of effective mitigation measures and development of a project-specific ESMP including monitoring plan.

The proposed project is part of the NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State and it is expected to have high positive socioeconomic and health impacts on the resident of the State as it will provide safe and adequate potable water that will enhance the health and living conditions of residents. The project will also improve public health and quality of life by reducing the burden of water related diseases associated with unsafe drinking water. Furthermore, the proposed project will be most beneficial to the local economy as it will promote industrial growth, provide direct and indirect employment opportunities and reduce cost in purchasing water and treating water borne diseases thereby improving livelihood and reducing poverty especially in affected communities.

However, the project will inevitably have some adverse impacts on the biophysical and social environment particularly during pre-construction and construction phases. The most notable potential negative impacts include air quality deterioration due to release of fugitive dust and gaseous emissions, noise generation, waste generation, traffic congestion, soil erosion and contamination. As identified by this ESIA, all negative environmental impacts are largely localized in spatial extent, small scale and short term in nature and can thus be easily managed.

Consequently, this ESIA has identified a series of measures to enhance potential positive impacts of the proposed project as well as technically and financially feasible measures to address negative impacts largely through the application of appropriate mitigation measures, sound engineering design, good construction practices, effective maintenance and adequate supervision and enforcement during the project life cycle. In addition, a comprehensive ESMP has also been developed to ensure all mitigation and enhancement measures proposed for project impacts are implemented through all the phases of the project to assure environmental and social sustainability. In consideration of the above therefore, there is no major environmental or social issue to impede the implementation of the proposed development. The immense benefits that will be derived from the proposed projects are significantly greater than the short-term environmental effects.

10.2 Recommendations The following recommendations have been proffered to further enhance the overall sustainability of the proposed project especially during the implementation phase of the project:

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• Ensure the construction of the concrete reservoir meets applicable standards and industry practices to prevent failure and attendant risks to public health and safety. • Inform local communities in advance of road diversions & major activities likely to affect traffic. Also, schedule large and slow-moving vehicles for off peak period to prevent congestion especially on Guru road during construction period. • Liaise with appropriate health focused NGOs to undertake health awareness and education initiatives on STDs especially HIV/AIDS, Voluntary Counselling & Testing (VCT) amongst workers and local communities. • Ensure construction jobs are deliberately targeted to members of local communities. Ensure they are notified of employment and procurement opportunities in advance. • Ensure usage of water to wet active areas for dust suppression and ensure appropriate intervention if dust levels are high. • Ensure the restriction of all noise generating activities strictly to normal working hours (i.e. 9am – 5pm) and respond promptly to noise complaints. • Ensure there is strict restriction of vegetation and trees clearing to the area of need only and protection of all vegetation not required to be removed against damage. Also ensure prompt re-vegetation of exposed soils with indigenous plant species once construction is completed. • Ensure rehabilitation of disturbed areas once completed to restore the visual and landscape integrity of the area. • Ensure the establishment of workers camp and provision of all amenities including sanitary facilities on site for workers to prevent pressure on community infrastructure and indiscriminate sanitary waste disposal. • Ensure rehabilitation of blocked drainage system in Bauchi metropolis to channel waste water to receiving river. It is also crucial to construct washout pipes to discharge water to existing drainage system at a rate the drainage can carry to prevent flooding. • Evaluate the vulnerability of the reservoir and implement appropriate security measures, such as: Background checks of employees & Perimeter fencing and video surveillance. • Prepare and implement Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan to respond to incident of reservoir failure • Sensitize the public and provide them with emergency numbers to call in case of reservoir failure. • If possible, install electronic systems to digitally monitor the reservoir operations and remotely control all activities. • Ensure that construction waste is adequately and properly disposed by the State Solid Waste agency in designated dumpsites

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REFERENCES

Federal Ministry of Water Resources. (2013). ESMF for Third National Urban Water Sector Reform Project (NUWSRP3).

International Finance Corporation (2002) International Finance Corporation Procedure for Environmental and Social Review of Projects. Page 41 of 51.

International Finance Corporation (2007) Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines General EHS Guidelines. Washington: World Bank Group.

International Finance Corporation (2012) International Finance Corporation’s Guidance Notes: Performance standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability. Washington: World Bank Group.

WaterAid Report published in The Guardian on 10 September 2018. Retrieved online on 7 January 2019 from https://guardian.ng/news/65-of-bauchi-state-residents-lack-clean-water- says-wateraid-nigeria/

World Bank. (2014). Project Appraisal Document (PAD) for Third National Urban Water Sector Reform Project (NUWSRP3).

World Bank. (2017). Environmental and Social Framework. Washington: World Bank Publications.

World Health Organization (2000) Guidelines for Air Quality.

World Health Organization (2000) Guidelines for Community Noise. Singapore: Institute of Environmental Epidemiology, Ministry of Environment.

World Health Organisation. (2005). WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: Global update 2005. Geneva: WHO Press.

World Health Organisation. (2010). WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. Bonn: WHO European Centre for Environment and Health.

World Health Organization. (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44584

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APPENDIX 1: TERMS OF REFERENCE

1.0 BACKGROUND: The Federal Government of Nigeria secured financing from the World Bank toward the cost of the Third National Urban Water Sector Reform Project (NUWSRP3) to rehabilitate and build infrastructure needed to increase access to water supply services to populations in selected cities and urban centres in Bauchi, Ekiti, and Rivers States, including the urban poor, and to implement key sector reforms to ensure sustainability of operations of the water services. The Bauchi State Government is one of the beneficiaries of this credit facility.

The Project Development Objectives are: a) to increase access to improved water supply service in Selected States of Nigeria and improve the financial viability of existing water utilities in those States, and b) to increase the investment planning capacity of participating States, and intends to apply part of the proceeds for consulting services.

The NUWSRP3 is an upscale of the NUWSRP-1 (120 million), NUWSRP-2 (200 million) and also the WSSP Pilot Project implemented in various other States. The NUWSRP-3 in Bauchi State is to be implemented by the Bauchi State water Board (BSWB) through a State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU). BSWB is responsible for water supply in urban areas i.e. the state capital and in the 19 remaining local government headquarters but BSWB is operationally present in only 4 towns i.e. Bauchi town, Azare, Misau and Jama’are. The water systems of the other towns are not functional or operated on skeletal services by the LGAs.

The proposed structural and non-structural activities will involve civil works comprising the Construction of 7000m3 capacity reinforce concrete reservoir on Buzaye hill (see attached Annex I for the design of the proposed work). The activity has the potential to generate environmental and social safeguards concerns including noise and dust generation; loss of vegetation; soil impacts and sediment transport; solid and liquid waste generation; obstruction of mobility of people living in the project area; occupational health and safety; public safety and traffic issues; displacement and/or relocation of people; and loss of property/loss of livelihoods. These concerns are being addressed through the following instruments: An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) due to the magnitude of potential impact and the risk associated with the activities to be carried out., Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).

In line with the above, BSWSC wishes to engage the services of a Consultant to prepare an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) prior to commencement of the physical works. Installation of the civil works will be governed by a construction contract containing comprehensive specifications for ensuring public safety and routine environmental protection. Most relevant are general requirements on use of land, safety precautions, and environmental control. All works are expected to be on public land.

1.1 STUDY AREA: The project area is located on Buzaye hill along Bendel road of the new GRA Bauchi. The Buzaye Hill is surrounded by few domestic structures on the south. No vegetation on the northern part but block of uncompleted estate after the Guru road. The area is about 1.8 hectares bounded by four points with the following coordinates N587864, E1140196; N588002, E1140161; N587900, E1140036; and N587785, E1140137.

2.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT:

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The objective of the assignment is to assess the potential environmental and social impacts associated with the construction of 7,000m3 concrete reservoir at Buzaye hill and to provide mitigation and enhancement measures during Construction, Commissioning and Operation of the project.

3.0 SCOPE OF WORK: The scope of the assignment will be to assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the Construction of 7000m3 Concrete Reservoir at Buzaye Hill and prepare an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) that will include a detailed Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The assignment will be carried out to establish modalities of implementing the project in line with Nigeria environmental policies, Bauchi State Environmental policies and laws and the World Bank Safeguard policies. The specific task will include the following: • Review existing ESMF and RPF prepared for the NUWSRP3 as well as World Bank NUWSRP 1&2, PSP projects in Lagos, Cross River, Kaduna, Enugu and Ogun states. • Review Environmental Safeguards policies of the World Bank safeguards policies especially Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) describing the proposed project by providing a synthetic description of the project relevant components and presenting plans, maps, figures and tables. • Identify the policy, legal and administrative framework relevant to the project. • To provide up-to-date and detailed baseline conditions analysing the physical, biological and human environment conditions and environmental and social impacts, taking into account the evolution of the project and the evolution of environmental, socio-economic and institutional background. • Presenting and analysing alternatives to the proposed project, including the “without project” option, by identifying and comparing the alternatives on the basis of technical, economic, environmental and social criteria. • For the selected alternative, identifying and assessing potential importance of beneficial and adverse environmental and social, direct and indirect, short and long-term, temporary and permanent impacts, on the basis of a rigorous method. • Defining appropriate mitigation/enhancement measures to prevent, minimise, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts or to enhance the project environmental and social benefits, including responsibilities and associated costs. • To conduct an Environmental and Social Assessment of the planned developments in order to identify and assess their potential environmental and social impact in relation to the construction of 7,000m3 concrete reservoir at Buzaye hill. The study should evaluate, analyse, and distinguish between significant positive and negative impacts, direct, indirect and cumulative impacts as well as medium and long-term impacts, and propose the respective mitigation measures. In addition, impacts that are unavoidable or irreversible should be identified. Wherever possible, descriptions of impacts should be quantitative, in terms of environmental costs and benefits. Assign economic values when feasible. Characterize the extent and quality of available data, explaining significant information deficiencies and any uncertainties associated with predictions of impact. • Gain a good understanding of the communities likely to be affected by the project by preparing a Community Profile which includes: (a) a thorough stakeholder analysis; (b) a discussion of the socio-political setting; (c) an assessment of the differing needs, interests, values and aspirations of the various subgroups of the affected communities including a gender analysis; (d) an assessment of their impact history, i.e. their experience of past projects and other historical events; (e) a discussion of trends happening in those communities; (f) a discussion of the assets, strengths and weaknesses of the communities; and (g) optionally the results of an opinion survey. This task is typically called profiling; • Devise inclusive participatory processes and deliberative spaces to help community members: (a) understand how they will be impacted; (b) determine the acceptability of likely impacts and proposed benefits; (c) make informed decisions about the project; (d) facilitate community visioning about desired futures; (e) contribute to mitigation and monitoring plans

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• Fully inform community members about: (a) the project; (b) similar projects elsewhere to give them a sense of how they are likely to be affected; (c) how they can be involved in the ESIA; (d) their access to grievance and feedback mechanisms. • To carry out consultations with relevant stakeholders, including potential project-affected persons, to obtain their views and suggestions regarding the environmental and social impacts of the proposed construction of 7,000m3 concrete reservoir at Buzaye hill. The outcome of the consultations will be reflected in the ESIA report and incorporated into the project design as appropriate; • To assess the capacity of existing State agencies and institutions to monitor and manage the ESIA/ESMP. • To prepare and cost an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) detailing mitigation measures as well as institutional roles and responsibilities in the operationalization of the ESMP; • Establish and benchmark the existing state of the environment and identify sensitive components of the existing environment within the project area and area of influence. • Assist project design and planning by identifying those aspects of location, construction and operations, which may cause adverse environmental, social, health and economic effects. • Recommend measures during pre-construction, construction, commissioning and operation to avoid and mitigate these adverse environmental and social effects and to enhance beneficial impacts that will be part of the ESMP; • Identify existing and expected environmental and social regulations that will affect the development and advise on standards and targets; • Identify any future environmental and social issues and concerns which may affect the development of the project, including cumulative and induced impacts; • Recommend an environmental and social management program for laying of the pipe lines including compliance, monitoring, auditing and contingency planning; • Provide the basis for co-operation and consultation with regulatory and non-regulatory authorities and the public; • Identify and assess the risk of labor influx and Gender based Violence on the subproject as well as recommend mitigation measures managing the risks of adverse social and environmental impacts that are associated with the temporary influx of labor resulting from the sub project2. • Developing an environmental and social monitoring program, including indicators, institutional responsibilities and associated costs. • As appropriate, preparing an environmental hazard plan including an analysis of the risk of accident, the identification of appropriate security measures and the development of a preliminary contingency plan. • Identifying institutional responsibilities and needs for capacity building if necessary to implement the recommendations of the environmental and social assessment. • The consultant shall work in close collaboration with the safeguards team of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of the Corporation as well as will cross-reference information with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

ESIA REPORT FORMAT: The typical contents of an ESIA Report are presented hereafter. It shall be noted that the presentation of the Report may be adapted pending on the nature and specific requirements of the project.

Executive Summary This section shall present in a non-technical language a concise summary of the ESIA Report with a particular attention on the processes and procedures used; baseline conditions; the alternatives considered; mitigation/enhancement measures; monitoring program; consultations with stakeholders;

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capabilities of environmental and social units and actions to strengthen those capacities; and cost implications. This Executive Summary shall be written in English, and a local language, if necessary for public consultations.

Introduction The Introduction shall indicate the purpose of the ESIA, present an overview of the proposed project to be assessed, as well as the project’s purpose and needs. This section identifies the project sponsor and the consultant assigned to carry out the ESIA. It shall also briefly mention the contents of the ESIA Report and the methods adopted to complete the assessment.

Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework This chapter concerns the policy, legal and administrative framework within which the ESIA is carried out. It presents the relevant environmental and social policies of the Bank and borrowing country, as well as the national legal requirements and related constraints (e.g. practices that may discriminate or exclude any stakeholder group) relevant to the project. It provides information on the environmental requirements of any co-financiers and identifies relevant international environmental/social agreements to which the country is a signatory. Project Description and Justification The first part of this chapter shall describe the proposed, its geographic and temporal context: project location, various project components, capacity, construction activities, facilities, staffing, working conditions, availability and source of raw materials, production methods, products, schedule of works, land tenure, land use system, potential beneficiaries, affected groups (directly and indirectly), and offsite investments that may be required.

This section shall determine and characterise the anticipated liquid, solid and gaseous discharges from the processes, as well as the sources of nuisance such as noise, odours, visual nuisances, etc. It shall indicate the need for any resettlement plan or vulnerable groups’ development plan. It shall at least include a map/schematic showing the project location and area of influence. The project justification should be based on combined economic, environmental and social assessments. To this end, this chapter shall describe the current situation in the sector, explain the problems or the needs to be satisfied by the project and present the constraints associated with the project implementation. Overall the description and justification of the dam and water supply scheme shall cover at least the following elements: • Spatial requirements (right-of-way and other sites required for works). • Project layout characteristics (including site location map). • Land tenure and ownership. • Existing water uses and rights. • Affected groups (directly or indirectly). • Resettlement requirements and proposed transition and compensation means. • Stakeholders’ water uses, demands and needs, distance to water points, etc. • Socio-cultural factors or constraints, such as customs and beliefs. • Natural and human resources requirements. • Sources of water and justification. • Water treatment, storage, transmission and distribution systems. • Wastewater installations. • Temporary (during construction) and permanent infrastructures. • Existing and proposed location of human settlements and public services such as health centres and accident and emergency units. • Construction activities (land clearing, burning, excavation, blasting, extracting, filling, compacting, waterways crossing, use of heavy machinery, etc.).

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• Anticipated liquid, solid (including waste) and gaseous emissions, and sources of nuisances (at construction and operation stages). • Construction schedules and costs. • Maintenance works and associated costs. • Water conservation and management (user’s organisation, fees/tariffs, revenue allocation, etc.) • Means of preventing contamination. • Consultation approaches and participation mechanisms.

Description of the Project Environment This chapter shall first determine the limits of the study area that shall be defined in order to encompass all project direct and indirect impacts. The description and analysis of the physical, biological and social conditions shall address relevant environmental and social issues within this area, including any changes anticipated before project implementation. As part of the description of the social environment, compile a community profile (i.e. a description of the local social context) and construct a social baseline relevant for decision-making and documenting social changes (i.e. collect data for key social variables to document the pre-impact state) It shall also address the interrelations between the environmental and social components and the importance (value) that the society and local populations attach to these components, in order to identify the environmental and social components of high value or presenting a particular interest. A particular attention shall be given to the rare, threatened, sensitive or valorised environmental and social components. The information presented shall be relevant to decisions about project location, design, operations as well as environmental and social management. Maps, figures and tables shall be included in this chapter to better illustrate the various environmental and social components.

Project Alternatives This part of the ESIA Report consists in analysing the various feasible alternatives of the project, including the "without project" option. It normally comprises two sections. The first section identifies and describes the potential feasible alternatives that would allow to reach the project objectives. The second section presents a comparison of the potential alternatives on the basis of technical, economic, environmental and social criteria, as well as of public views and concerns. The alternative comparison shall address the proposed project site, technology, design, and operation, in terms of their potential environmental and social impacts and the feasibility of mitigating these impacts. For each of the alternatives, the environmental and social impacts shall be quantified as possible, including their economic values where feasible. The selected alternative shall be the most environmentally and socially sustainable, taking into account the technical and economic feasibility.

Potential Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures This chapter presents a detailed analysis of beneficial and adverse impacts of various components of the selected project alternative on the physical, biological and human (social, cultural and economic) environments. The methodology of assessment, based on a rigorous scientific method, shall be first presented. Then all environmental and social, direct and indirect, short and long-term, temporary and permanent impacts shall be described and assessed, indicating their importance level and their probability of occurrence. The importance level may be assessed on the basis of the nature, extent, intensity and duration of the impact, as well as on the sensitivity of the concerned environmental and social components and perceptions of the public. Irreversible or unavoidable impacts shall be clearly identified. Cumulative effects shall also be addressed taking into account other projects or actions planned in the study area. Appropriate mitigation measures shall be identified to prevent, minimise, mitigate or compensate for adverse environmental and/or social impacts. Moreover, enhancement measures shall be developed in order to improve project environmental and social performance. Roles and responsibilities to implement measures shall be clearly defined. The cost of the measures shall be estimated, including the cost for

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environmental and social capacity building and gender mainstreaming, if necessary. Residual impacts shall be presented.

Environmental Hazard Management Whenever relevant, this chapter shall describe the security measures and propose a preliminary contingency plan for the construction and operation phases of the project (possible contingency situations, major actions to properly react to accidents, responsibilities and means of communications). For projects that may cause major technological accidents whose consequences may exceed the project site, the ESIA shall include an analysis of the technological accident risk: identification of hazard and potential consequences, estimation of the consequences’ magnitude and frequency, and risk estimation and evaluation.

Environmental and Social Monitoring Program The first section of this chapter shall describe the surveillance measures aiming at ensuring that the proposed mitigation and enhancement measures are effectively implemented during the implementation phase. The second section concerns the environmental and social monitoring activities designed to measure and evaluate the project impacts on some key environmental and social components of concern and to implement remedial measures, if necessary. Indicators, roles and responsibilities shall be clearly defined. The cost of the program shall be estimated, including the cost for environmental and social capacity building if necessary.

Public Consultations This chapter shall summarise the actions undertaken to consult the groups affected by the project, as well as other concerned key stakeholders including Civil Society Organisations. As part of the consultations, there is the need to devised an inclusive participatory processes and deliberative spaces to inform community members and other affected groups about the project and help them : (a) understand how they will be impacted; (b) determine the acceptability of likely impacts and proposed benefits; (c) make informed decisions about the project; (d) facilitate community visioning about desired futures; (e) contribute to mitigation and monitoring plans; and (f) prepare for change. The detailed record of the consultation meetings shall be presented in annex to the ESIA Report.

Conclusion/Recommendations The Conclusion shall specify the environmental and social acceptability of the project, taking into account the impacts and measures identified during the assessment process. It shall also identify any other condition or external requirement for ensuring the success of the project. Annexes • List of the professionals and organisations having contributed to the preparation of the ESIA Report. • List of consulted documents, including project-related reports. • Baseline data referred to in the Report. • Record of consultation meetings with primary and secondary stakeholders. The ESIA report will include the following sections: • Cover page • Table of contents • List of acronyms • Executive Summary • Introduction • Description of the proposed project • Maps of Project Area showing dam, reservoir, water transmission and distribution schemes; command area, possible expansion areas, relevant environmental features including wetlands, elevations, streams, bird nesting areas, wildlife habitats, grazing lands, corrals, croplands, roads, human settlements, public and private facilities, storage and commercial facilities, power transmission

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lines, canals, pipelines, pumping stations, and other relevant aspects of the built environment. These will be presented as overlays to a base map using standard image processing and GIS technology. • Discussion of Nigeria’s policy, legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks • Description of the area of influence and environmental and social baseline conditions • Discussion of the World Bank safeguard policies triggered by the proposed project • Discussion of the environmental and social impacts of the proposed project • Discussion of the proposed mitigation measures, including in each implementation phase, responsible entity, and estimated budget • Discussion of alternatives to the current project • Presentation of consultations with relevant stakeholders and affected persons • Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the proposed project including timetable, budget and institutional responsibilities, including monitoring and capacity strengthening plans with cost estimates, contractual measures and disclosure of the instrument • Monitoring indicators for the proposed project • Recommendations Annexes • Annex 1: List of Persons Met • Annex 2: World Bank Safeguard Policies triggered by this project. o OP/BP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment); o OP/BP 4.37 (Safety of Dams); o OP/BP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement), o OP/BP 7.50 (Projects on International Waterway) and • OP/BP 17.50 (Disclosure of Information).Annex 3: Records of Inter Agency and Public/NGO Communications • Annex 4: List of participants in consultations and summaries of consultations • Annex5: General Environmental and Social Management Conditions for Construction ContractsTOR • Records of Consultations and list of participants, Pictures and questionnaire and grevance mechanism in place • A waste water management plan including a Sludge Waste management plan for the treatment plant • Environmental and Social Safeguards Performance Monitoring checklist • Project Occupational Health and Safety Plan • Sample of Questionnaire • Protection of Cultural Property if applicable • Company Code of Conduct on Preventing Gender Based Violence and Violence Against Children • Manager’s Code of Conduct on Preventing Gender Based Violence and Violence Against Children • Individual Code of Conduct on Preventing Gender Based Violence and Violence Against Children • Summary Report of the Project Screening Exercice • References

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APPENDIX 2: GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION ACTION PLAN

BAUCHI STATE WATER AND SEWERAGE CORPORATION (BSWSC) GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION (GESI) ACTION PLAN

Background The Bauchi State Water Board (BSWB) was transformed into the Bauchi State Water and Sewerage Corporation (BSWSC) in 2014 with the responsibility of providing water and sewerage services in all the Local Government Headquarters and Urban Communities. Overarching goals of the Corporation includes to meet customer expectations by providing quality and excellent service; to create a working environment and culture that brings the best out of BSWSC’s human capital; to develop and implement integrated systems and work procedures and processes that are cost effective, credible and user friendly.

In achieving these goals, the Corporation opens itself up to periodic assessment of its systems and operations and sets standards for capacity development in areas where gaps are identified. In a recent organizational capacity assessment of the Corporation, weaknesses were identified in Institutional capacity to respond to gender and social inclusion related issues both at operations level and in service delivery.

Following a capacity building event to imbue in selected Management and staff of the corporation, knowledge and skills for gender responsive practices in the utilities’ internal operations including human resources and administration, production and customer relations, the corporation appreciates the missed opportunities for meeting customer needs with water and sanitation service that is available, accessible, affordable, acceptable and safe especially for those who suffer a disadvantage or social exclusion3.

Further, a recent study4 in the State identified some pressing gender and social inclusion barriers to accessing Water Sanitation and Hygiene services. Findings from the study showed amongst other things that young girls miss out on school when they have to spend long hours fetching water while women’s domestic and economic activities are negatively affected because of the burden of time spent getting water for the household. Also, the fact that WASH policy and programs in the State often overlook the linkage between lack of WASH services and meeting sexual and reproductive health needs like menstrual hygiene, maternal and new born health. There is also the issue of cultural and religious norms that makes the perspectives of women and other marginalized groups overlooked or undervalued and thereby widening the disproportionate access to WASH services.

In response therefore to the gender and social inclusion barriers to accessing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) services in Bauchi State, as identified in the aforementioned study, the organizational capacity assessment results, the backdrop of learning from the gender equality and social inclusion capacity building events and on the strength of the recommendations from the study, BSWSC commits to institutionalize gender equality and promote inclusion at every point of service delivery through the following:

Strategic Objectives 1. Promote Institutional Accountability for gender equality and social inclusion in internal operations and service delivery

3 Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (1999) 4 Gender Analysis on Access to Urban Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in Bauchi & Kaduna States, Nigeria. Water Coordination Project (WCP) Report, 2017 114

2. Strengthen human and financial capacity for gender equality and social inclusion in operations and service delivery 3. Improve gender equality and social inclusion outcomes in corporation’s practices

Strategic Objective 1: Promote institutional accountability for gender equality and social inclusion in internal operations and service delivery Proposed Action Time frame Responsibility Expected Outcomes Develop a Gender equality and social BSWSC has a signed off gender policy as a Inclusion Policy for the Corporation: stand-alone and/or a review of her - Review existing policies (including September HR Manager personnel/work-place policy to be gender personnel policy) to ensure gender and 2018 equality and social inclusion responsive. social inclusion perspectives are incorporated. BSWSC has a GESI implementation guideline - Produce GESI policy document – that outlines activities and targets for meeting GESI objectives. including implementation guidelines.

- Administer score card for Gender A checklist/scorecard for measuring progress is

Equality and Social Inclusion in embedded in the policy and implementation HR Manager/ corporation’s operations annually guideline Gender Focal - Reflect Gender Equality and Social December Person Human Resource Unit documents progress Inclusion Outcomes in Corporations’ 2018 made with GESI objectives and reflected in annual report. published annual report. Make GESI part of corporate culture Policy is disseminated to staff/partners in hard - Disseminate GESI policy to staff and Nov 2018 GFP and soft copy while staff sign off as having read partners (including contractors) and understood the content. - Establish a feedback mechanism to Dec. 2018 GFP/M&E assess staff/partner satisfaction on HR makes a feedback box available quarterly internal GESI progress for staff to anonymously responds to some GESI questions. Feedback is reviewed by - HR to develop a performance Dec. 2018 HR/M&E management, meetings held with all cadre of appraisal system where staff/units staff and plans are outlined to address issues are rewarded for GESI raised in feedback sessions. mainstreaming efforts.

HR will set GESI related performance objectives at beginning of every year and appraise staff on performance. Strategic Objective 2: Strengthen human and financial capacity for gender equality and social inclusion in operations and service delivery At the institutional level: GESI focal persons are appointed at central - Appoint a Gender equality and social June 2018 HR level and at district levels. inclusion Focal Person, with decision making authority, in the central office. GESI focal persons are formally appointed - Develop a job description for the gender with a signed-off job description. focal person with deliverables for June 2018 HR performance appraisal. GESI focal persons will include women and June HR/GFP men. - Encourage the establishment of a gender 2018/Aug. team that is representative of the different 2018 departments, areas and project offices

with terms of reference. Halima - Conduct a GESI training for all Oct. 2018 Musa/GFP appointed focal persons. - Provide GESI Focal Persons with HR relevant tools to manage portfolio – Oct. 2018 GESI Policy, GESI Implementation Guidelines etc. *Strive to appoint both women and men for this role At Institutional Level:

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- Conduct a GESI and Gender Nov. Responsive Budgeting Training for 2018/February HR/Finance Managers, HR and finance staff of 2019 GESI annual report will reflect funds spent in the corporation. achieving GESI, achievement in achieving - Build the capacity of HR and December HR parity in technical and management positions Managers to track progress in 2018 and the gender responsive of annual training ✓ gender responsive plan. recruitments/appointments, ✓ adherence to sexual harassment policy, ✓ efforts to achieve gender parity in management and ✓ equal access to training opportunities Maximize human and financial resources to enable the achievement of GESI Policy: BSWSC has a directory of partners (CSOs, - Conduct Resource Mapping of September GFP/ Private sector, Government agencies) that Consultants and Partners that could 2018 Ibrahim Magaji could support its GESI objectives pro-bono, support the development and production through consultancy services, through award of of GESI tools, facilitate capacity grants or through partnership agreements. development, and provide technological skills /economic empowerment to MoUs are signed with relevant agencies like women and low income customers. GFP/ MoH, MoE for water supply and WASH - Identify and establish partnerships with January 2019 Gender Team education (Menstrual hygiene relevant Ministries, Parastatals, Agencies, management/Maternal and new-born health). CSOs whose activities/services are linked to WASH e.g. Ministry of Education (and At least two GESI related community outreach its agencies), Ministry of Health etc. GFP/ initiatives are carried out in partnership with Feb/March Gender Team CSOs, private sector or government - Undertake resource mobilization efforts 2019 organizations. through proposal development etc. Institutionalize human capacity development Identified training needs for staff in annual in GESI: Jan. 2019 Halima Musa/ training plan reflects GESI training. - Conduct in-house or sourced GFP Training/Refresher training for staff Trained staff can articulate GESI objectives of at least twice in a year the organization and how their jobs enables its achievement. Strategic Objective 3: Improve gender equality and social inclusion outcomes in corporation’s practices GESI is mainstreamed in Corporation’s GESI objectives clearly shows targets and strategic and operational plans: expected outcomes. - During annual Strategic planning meetings, ensure Gender equality and June 2018 GFP/M&E social inclusion objectives are formulated with appropriate indicators/targets. OR - Review current Strategic/operational plans to reflect GESI objectives and targets. Ensure projects/service are gender sensitive and incorporates the needs of the GESI analysis is periodically done and marginalized: January 2019 Halima/GFP outcomes reflected in BSWSC plans. - Build the capacity of relevant staff members on gender analysis Initiatives that specifically targets the needs of - Conduct periodic gender equality and people at risk of exclusion are designed and social inclusion analysis as an integral implemented. part of planning, design, implementation and evaluation activities. Corporation’s programs and activities is 116

seriously involved in promoting the empowerment of women and men and in Schools and hospitals are targeted with events changing cultural norms that serve as barriers that address menstrual hygiene and water to accessing and utilizing WASH services: March 2019 Ibrahim/Asmau management - Conduct a range of (Quarterly) community/customer orientation Men are particularly targeted with information seminars on WASH related GESI on WASH during outreaches. issues including Menstrual Hygiene Management. Seminars should also Corporation’s internal and external focus on GESI related issues that March 2019 GFP/ communication medium is addressing GESI emanated from Gender analysis. Communication issues in WASH and using gender sensitive - Build the capacity of communication team member words/images. unit to carry out gender sensitive and socially inclusive Information, Corporation’s list of contractors reflect men Education and Communication March 2019 and women engaged in initiating, siting and events. GFP/ implementing water and sanitation services. Communication - Develop and disseminate IEC team member materials, that are gender sensitive, to Success stories of increasing number of women publicize corporation’s gender and the marginalized benefitting from responsive, low income/marginalized May 2019 productive uses of water. person’s initiatives including on

website and social media platforms. HR/GFP Success stories of women and the marginalized - Particularly engage female workers in in leadership roles, on community-based water construction and rehabilitation work development boards or water user associations. (appoint them as leaders too). - Provide opportunities for skills development in WASH Management for women and persons with disability. To ensure that the needs of men and women M&E tools used by BSWSC are sex, age and as well as the marginalized groups are other social factors disaggregated. addressed in WASH services, data captured will be disaggregated by sex and other social Tools are properly filled by data officers, parameters. October 2018 M&E BSWSC analyses data and use for decision - Review current data capturing tools making. to reflect sex, age, and other social status disaggregation. - Train data collection officers and October 2018 M&E managers on how to fill the reviewed tools. Train M&E officers on collating qualitative and quantitative data on GESI Disaggregated data will be used to enhance decision making. Participatory service delivery level evaluations Establish a coordination meeting of relevant December M&E take place to reflect the perspectives of men, unit leads to analyse data generated. 2018 women and those with special needs. Develop a one-pager reporting template for M&E documenting gender activities. August 2018 Documented evidence of GESI analysis and action plans following.

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APPENDIX 3: RESULT OF SAMPLE PARAMTERS

LABCHEMNEC JANS LTD SCIENCE LABORATORY TEST & ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DIVISION (ACCREDITED BY FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT Reg. No. 002114 & NESREA No. 430) CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS SAMPLE CHAIN OF CUSTODY

Sample Owner: BSWSC; Type of Sample: Soil: 8 packs, Water: 8L (ground). Total samples 12.

Analysis commenced 22/12/2018. Certificate issued: 12/01/2019 Sample Collected: 22/12/2018 Locations: Bauchi, Bauchi State.

Holding time: Three Weeks. Date Job conclusion: 11/01/2019 Collection: Soil Auger. Water: Grab in sealed plastic bottle under cold atmosphere

Laboratory No.: LJ/W&S/T&B/002/W1-4, S1-8/GE/DEC./2018 Lab. Name & Address: Labchemnec Jans Ltd, No. 5 Port-Loko Str. Zone 3 Wuse , Abuja GSM 08055608917

RESULT OF PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL Field Bulk Density Code Sand Fractions (%) (%) Total Dry Perm SIL CLA Poro eabil VCS CS MS FS T Y App s Unco Com kity 2000- 1000- 500- 250- VFS SAN 50- < 2 eara ity mpact pacte g/cm Color 1000 500 250 100 100-50 D 2μm μm Total Textual Class nce % ed d 3 (Munsel) SS1A Fine 30.56 1.39 1.67 0.10 Clayish 11.48 14.10 25.12 13.44 0.27 70.44 1.84 25.09 97.37 Sandy Loam 5YR4/6 SS1B 11.50 15.75 27.99 13.18 0.24 68.64 1.21 29.92 99.77 Sandy Loam Fine 55.36 1.32 1.61 0.15 Clayish 10YR6/ 2 SS2A 13.86 18.32 30.97 13.39 0.26 76.77 1.00 21.98 99.95 Sand Loam Fine 55.56 1.39 1.67 0.07 Reddish 10YR5/ 6 SS2B 17.59 15.92 28.87 13.05 0.29 75.72 1.00 22.91 99.63 Sandy Loam Fine 62.16 1.35 1.56 0.14 Brown 10YR5/ 2

SSC1 13.20 17.23 31.84 14.84 0.12 77.13 1.51 21.30 99.94 Sandy Loam Fine 80.00 1.43 1.61 0.90 Brownis h 10YR6/ 2 SSC2 10.43 16.95 32.27 15.19 0.24 75.08 1.63 23.28 99.99 Sandy Loam Fine 82.86 1.43 1.43 0.14 Greyish 10YR7/ 1 SS3A 19.17 23.35 29.96 10.61 0.17 83.26 0.70 15.91 99.87 Loamy Sand Fine 63.16 1.32 1.43 0.13 Brownis h 5YR6/1 SS3B 11.08 22.64 31.97 12.05 0.22 77.92 0.84 21.12 99.78 Sandy Loam Fine 73.78 1.47 1.47 0.07 Brown 5YR6/2 RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL PARAMETERS & METHODOLOGY SS1A SS1B SS2A SS2B SSCA SSCB SS3A SS3B UNITS pH @250C Electrometric 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.7 6.8 5,8 Temp.o/C Thermoelectric 27,2 26.9 27.0 26.7 27.0 27.0 26.6 26.9 E.C. µS/cm Electrometric 70 71 69 67 123 120 330 320 M.C % Gravimetric 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.5 5.0 4.0 3.0 V mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 Nil 0.001 T. Nitrogen % Colorimetric 0.13 0.11 0.26 0.001 0.029 1.01 0.13 0.032 Available Phosphorus Colorimetric 0.71 0.69 0.81 0.92 0.80 0.76 0.57 0.61 SO4-2 mg/kgDW Colorimetric 47.1 39.9 51.3 61.2 66.1 67.1 55.9 60.7 NO3- mg/kgDW Colorimetric 2.81 3.11 1.70 1.80 2.17 2.09 1.90 1.70 Ni mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.010 0.032 0.021 0.01 0.02 Fe2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.43 0.71 1.76 1.67 2.10 2.10 0.90 0.92 Pb2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.02 Nil 0.001 Nil Nil Nil 0.002 0.001 Zn2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.32 0.44 0.50 0.23 0.36 0.76 1.09 1.10 Cu2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.37 0.41 0.53 0.51 0.30 0.31 0.10 0.41 Mg2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 7.0 7.10 7.8 7.10 12.5 12.6 30.5 30.6 Mn2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 0.70 0.80 0.71 0.78 0.95 0.91 1.0 1.0 Ca2+ mg/kgDW Colorimetric 30.1 30.2 30.0 30.0 50.5 50.0 140 140.7 As mg/kgDW Colorimetric ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Na2+ mg/kgDW Flametric 2.8 1.8 1.9 2.9 2.7 0.4 4.1 1.0 119

K2+ mg/kgDW Flametric 5.1 7.8 4.9 7.8 56.7 34.4 16.1 6.8 Cl- mg/kgDW Colorimetric 35.5 34.7 45.7 45.6 45.7 44.5 55.6 56.7 Cr mg/KgDW Colorimetric 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 Cobalt mg/KgDW Colorimetric ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Hg mg/KgDW EPA ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Cd mg/KgDW Colorimetric 0.002 0.001 ND ND 0.001 0.001 ND ND PO4- mg/KgDW Colorimetric 0.70 0.71 0.65 0.66 0.61 0.62 0.49 0.50 Organic Matter % Gravimetric 40 42 45 45 43.1 43.5 53.0 53.5 Oil & Grease Titrimetric 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.9 20 2.5 2.0 RESULT OF MICROBIOLOGY ANAKYSIS OF SOIL THB Count Cfu/g 3x105 3x105 2x105 2x105 1x105 1x105 3x105 3x105 TCC Cfu/100ml Plate count 6x102 6x102 1x103 1x103 2x103 2.5102 1x103 1x103 FCC MPN/100ml Fermentation 2x102 2x102 1x102 1x102 9x101 9x101 3x102 3x102 E.coli Cfu/100ml Plate Count Nil Nil Nil Nil 4 5 6.0 6.0 Yeast & Mold Cfu/g Plate Count 7 6 3 2 5 4 9 8 RESULT OF PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER FEPA STD FOR Parameters & Units Methodology GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 DRINKING WATER Colour Comparator Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Odour Sense Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Taste Sense Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Temp Thermometric 26.0 27.0 26.0 26.5 <40 RESULT OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER pH@25o/C Electrometric 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.9 6.5-8.5 DO mg/l Electrometric 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.5 COD mg/l Reflux 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 NS BOD mg/l Nanometric 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 0 Salinity mg/l Electrometric 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 1.0 Conductivity µS/cm Electrometric 196 290 221 180 1000 T. Chlorine mg/l Colotimetric 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.16 0.1-0.2 T. Alkalinity mg/l Colotimetric 65 60 59 65 100 T. Hardness mg/l Colotimetric 68 59 48 64 100 TDS mg/l Eleetrometric 100 146 110 145 500 Turbidity NTU Turbidimetric 0.49 0.51 0.43 0.30 5

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TSS mg/l Gravimetric 1.5 2.0 1.40 1.90 500 Phosphate mg/l Colotimetric 0.15 0.09 0.04 0.09 <5 Ammonia mg/l Colotimetric 3.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 Nitrate mg/l Colotimetric 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.1 10 Nitrite mg/l Colotimetric 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 1.0 Sodium mg/l Flametric 36.0 34.7 45.6 33.6 200 Potassium mg/l Flametric 9.1 17.1 90.8 12.6 10 Magnesium mg/l Colotimetric 12.9 18.7 15.0 14.9 2.0 Calcium mg/l Colotimetric 50.5 75.0 61.5 57.0 75 T. Iron mg/l Colotimetric 0.45 0.35 0.25 0.10 5.0 Aluminum mg/l Colotimetric ND ND Nd ND 1.0 Lead mg/l Colotimetric ND ND ND ND 0.01 Chromium mg/l Colotimetric 0.002 0.002 0.001 ND 0.01 Manganese mg/l Colotimetric 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.05 RESULT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Thermotolerant Bacteria Plate count 7 4 8 8 0 Salmonella Plate count Nil Nil Nil Nil 0 Bacteria Plate count cfu/ml Plate count 1x102 1x102 2x102 1.5x102 1x102 Total coliform count cfu/100ml Plate count 5 2 6 7 E. Coli cfu/100ml Plate count NIL Nil Nil Nil 0 Salmonella cfu/100ml Plate count 0 0 0 0 0

12/01/2019

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APPENDIX 4: HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SOCIO- ECONOMIC & HEALTH SURVEY

SECTION A. IDENTIFICATION

i. Identification Number……………………………………. ii. Landmark(s) /address at point of administration…………………………………………………… iii. Community/Location of Interview…………………………………………………………………. iv. Name and Signature of Interviewer………………………………………………………………... v. Date…………….. vi. Time Interview Started………….. Time Ended…………………………

SECTION B: SOCIOECONOMIC ATTRIBUTES 1) Name of Household Head...... 2) Name of Respondent…………………………………………………………………………….. 3) Relationship of Respondent to Household Head...... (a) Wife 1 of HH (b) Son of HH (c) Daughter of HH (d) Father of HH (e) Mother of HH (f) Brother of HH (g) Sister of HH (h) Others Specify 4) Address…………………………………………………………………………………………. 5) How long have you lived in this community...... 6) Sex (M)……. (F)………. 7) Age…………………………………………. 8) Religion (Christian)…… (Muslim)……. (Traditional)……. (Others)……….. (Please Tick One) 9) Marital Status (Single)… (Married)…… (Divorced)… (Widow/Widower)…(Please Tick One) 10) Number of wives…………………………………………… 11) Number of children………………………………………. 12) How many persons live in your Household? (i.e. Eat from the same pot as you)………………… 13) How many persons in your house hold fall into the following age categories? Categories Male Female Total 0-4yrs 5-9yrs 10-14yrs 15-19yrs 20-24yrs 25-29yrs 30-34yrs 35-39yrs 40-44yrs 45-49yrs 50-54yrs 55-59yrs 60-64yrs 65-above Total

14) What is your highest educational attainment? (i) None (i) Primary School (iii) Secondary School (iv) Tertiary (v) Islamic studies... 15) How many members of your household fall under the following educational categories?

Categories Male Female Total Primary School (attempted/still attending)

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Primary School-Completed (Living Certificate) Secondary School (attempted/still attending) Secondary School-Completed (O'Levels) Tertiary Institution (attempted/ still attending) Tertiary Institution (Completed) Islamic Studies Total 16) What is your major occupation/source of income? (i) Farming (ii) Fishing (iii) Animal rearing (iv) Hunting (v) Trading (vi) Artisanal (vii) Fruits collection (viii) Wood gathering (ix) Public service (x) Private company (xi) Others (Please Specify) ______

17) In which of the following monthly estimate income group do you belong? (i). less than N15,000 (ii). N15,000 –N29,000 (iii). N30,000- N59,000 (iv) N60,000 – N99,000 (v) N100,000 – N300,000 (vi) above N300,000

18) What do you estimate that your household spends on the following per month? Expenditure Amount (Naira) Rank Food Kerosene/fuel School fees Transportation Healthcare House rent Water 19) Are you the owner of the house where your household live in? i) Yes ii) No

20) Complete the attributes on your household housing Type of House Number of Rooms Number of persons in a room a) Mud house with thatch roof b) mud house with corrugated roof c) Brick house with corrugated roof 21) Please describe the vulnerability condition of your household as follows? Category Male Female No of persons above 60 years No of persons with physical disability (state their disability) No of orphans under your roof No of persons unemployed

22) How would you describe the condition of the following amenities in town you live/community? Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor Roads to the community Roads within the community Schools in the community Public Health Institutions Potable Water Public Electricity Communication facilities (Postal Service, Telephone) Public recreation facilities

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23). What is the major source of water for your household? (i). River/stream Pond/lake (ii). Family/public well (iii). Pipe borne (iv) Public/private/commercial borehole (v). Water vendor (vi) Water tanker (vii) Others? ______

24) If a public pipe borne water, how regular does the tap flow in a week? (i) Regularly (ii) Occasionally (iii) Rarely 25) How much do you spend/pay in a month for water bill? ...... 26). If you purchase water daily, how much do you spend...... 27) What is the average quantity/amount of water consumed by your household per day? (i) < 10 ltrs (ii) 11 – 20 ltrs (iii) 21- 30 ltrs (iv) 31 – 40 ltrs (v) 41 – 50 ltrs (vi) >50 ltrs 28) How long does it take you in minutes to get to your source of water intake?...... 29) Are you willing to pay more for a better service? Yes....No... (Tick One) 30) State the minimum and maximum amount you are willing to pay monthly? Monthly amount Maximum amount Minimum amount N 3000 N 2000 N 1500 N 1000 N 500 N 300 N 200 If not, what are your reasons? (i)...... ii…………………………iii………………………. 31). What is the main source of electricity/ light to your community? (Please Tick One) (i) Hurricane Lamp (ii) Private Generators (iii) Community Generators (iv)State Government Utilities Board v) Company Operating in your community (vi) PHCN (National Grid) 32) What is the secondary source of electricity your community depends upon? i) Hurricane Lamp (ii) Private Generators (iii) Community Generators (v) Company Operating in your community

33) What is the main fuel you use for cooking? (i) Firewood (ii) Charcoal (iii) Kerosene (iv). Electricity (v). Gas (vi) Crop residue/Saw dust 34) What type of toilet facility do you use? (Please Tick One) (i) Pit (.ii) Bush (iii) Prier Head (iv) Bucket (v) Water Closet (vi) Others (Specify)……..

SECTION C: WASTE AND HEALTH ATTRIBUTE

35) How do you dispose your Household/municipal refuse? (i) By burning (ii) By burying (iii) Nearby bush (iv) Open dump (v) Private waste collector (vi) Municipal waste vendor (vii) Others (specify) ______

36) Which of the following do you use timber (forest resources) for regularly? (i) Firewood (ii) Wood work (iii) Medicine

37) Where do you and your family go for medical treatment? S/N Types Tick 1 General Hospital 2 Primary Health Care Centre 3 Private Clinic / Hospital 38) Please give the name and address of the 4 Maternity medical 5 Pharmacy/ Chemist 6 Traditional Healing homes facility………………………………………… 7 Faith based 39) Which of the following medical conditions 8 Others Specify………………….. affected your household in the past 1 year?

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S/N Type of Medical Condition Please Tick 1 Malaria/ Fever 2 Typhoid 3 Diarrhea (Watery stool) 4 Cholera (Stooling and vomiting) 5 Dysentery (blood in stool) 6 Skin Rashes 7 Ashtma 8 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Cough, Catarrh e.t.c.) 9 Pneumonia 10 Tuberculosis 11 Hepatitis 12 Guinea Worm Disease 13 Hook Worm Disease 13 Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) 14 HIV/AIDS 15 Other STDs (Gonorrhea, Syphilis e.t.c.) 16 High Blood Pressure 17 Stroke 18 Diabetes 19 Accident/ Injuries/ Fractures 20 Others (Specify): 40) In the last one (1) month, how often did you or members of your household use the medical facility? (i) None (ii) 1-2 times (iii) 3 – 5 times (iv) More than 5 times 41) What was the medical condition? ...... 42) How would you rate your household general health status? (i) Excellent (ii) Good (iii) Poor 43) Do you have any concern about the effect the proposed project could have on the health and wellbeing of the people? ……………………………………………………………………………… 44) In order of preference, what do you think should be done to minimize these anticipated health problems?...... 45) What benefit do you expect the power project will have on the people in the area in order of importance (mark 1 for most important followed by 2, 3….) (a) Improved health and wellbeing. (b). Employment benefit. (c). Economic boom (increased commercial activity). (d). Infrastructure development. (e). Housing (b) Others (specify) ...... 46) What are your fears about the proposed water project (in order of importance? i. Loss of land (acquisition and deforestation). ii) Damage to farmland. (iii) Air pollution (iv) Noise pollution. (v). Water pollution. (vi). Vandalism of the installations. (vii). Social vices in the community. (viii). High cost of living. (ix). Increased population. (x). Disruption of business activities. (xi). Disruption of traffic. (xii). Others (Explain in detail)………… 47) What would you want government to do to make this project sustainable?......

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APPENDIX 5: PROJECT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) PLAN

1.0 INTRODUCTION Every project poses its HSE risks. The risks associated with this project may include but not limited to the following: • working at heights • electrical safety work; • crane and derrick operations; • masonry construction, • steel erection, • maintenance procedures, • forklift operation • excavations • cutting and welding Therefore, this plan is necessitated to meet up with OHS standards and to achieve the objectives set for the proposed project. The project team shall undertake to ensure high performance standards and conformity with contract requirements by managing the works in a systematic and thorough manner.

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project entails the construction of 7,000m3 reinforced concrete reservoir on Buzaye hill in Bauchi town, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

2.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to describe the Project Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) plan for the proposed bridge reconstruction and the specific management controls, risk control systems and workplace precautions required to ensure compliance with Occupational Health and Safety Laws and Standards.

2.2 HSE Objectives The Objectives for this plan are to: • Adopt a positive Health & Safety Culture. • Adopt the principles of prevention to avoid risk. • Complete the project without incident (Zero fatalities, Zero Lost Time Injury (LTI) or occupational illness).

2.3 Scope of Work The Project Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) plan covers the scope of works defined in the contract. This includes Preconstruction, Construction, Operation & Maintenance and Decommissioning phases.

2.4 Policy Statement In addition to the existing HSE policy, other policies shall be developed which includes: • Substance Abuse Policy – Prohibiting the consumption or possession of narcotics, drugs, alcohol and other banned substances • Emergency Response Policy – Stating commitment to ensure adequate resources and arrangement are in place in the case an emergency. • Community Affairs Policy – Stating commitment to foster healthy relationships with communities through observance of the highest standard of conduct.

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• Road Safety Policy–Stating commitment to complying with Road Traffic regulations and continuously improving its road safety performance by implementing a Road Safety Management Plan (RSMP)

3.0 KEY RESPONSIBILITIES Involvement of all in implementing, maintaining and continually improving OHS processes is the key to successful completion and achievement of quality objectives set by the management. All project personnel shall therefore be required to be familiar with the content of this OHS plan and shall participate in implementing, maintaining and improving the management system. It is the responsibility of the project manager and all key personnel to ensure that the requirements for quality are fulfilled for works under their responsibility. All new staff and staff who are given new responsibilities are to be inducted into the requirements set out in this plan in general and into their function and responsibilities in particular.

3.1 Project Manager Responsibilities • Set good example in HSE issues. • Ensure the availability of resources essential to establish, implement, maintain and improve the OHS Management System. • Define, document and communicate roles, allocate responsibilities and accountabilities, delegating authorities, to facilitate effective OHS management. • Ensure that all of the activities undertaken in the Project conform to Nigerian legislation, client requirements or international standards when applicable. • Review objectives achievements throughout the year.

3.2 Project Supervisors Responsibilities • Enforcing all phases of the established HSE plan. • Set good example in HSE issues. • Preparing Job Hazard Analysis when required. • Ensuring the safety of all workers associated with the site. • Conducting HSE inspections. • Ensuring workers are competent for their allocated tasks. • Attending and participating in HSE meetings. • Participating in accident investigations.

3.3 HSE Manager/Supervisor Responsibilities • Prepare relevant OHS documentation and procedures. • Monitor the efficient implementation of OHS requirements. • Participate and organize the OHS risk assessments. • Advise management of compliance and of conditions requiring attention. • Conduct regular HSE inspections. • Make thorough analysis of statistical data and inspections; delineates problem areas; and makes recommendation for solutions. • Take part in the review of all OHS incidents and assist in investigating incident. • Monitor the efficient implementation of the Project’s OHS requirements. • Organize the Project’s OHS risk assessment exercises. • Check on the use of all types of personal protective equipment specifies the use of appropriate PPE for the various work activities. Evaluates their effectiveness and suggests improvements where indicated.

3.4 HSE Advisor Responsibilities • Check on the use of all types of personal protective equipment specifies the use of appropriate PPE for the various work activities. Evaluates their effectiveness and suggests improvements.

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• Conduct independent inspections to observe conformance with established OHS Plan and determines the effectiveness of individual elements of the plan (pre-task briefing, weekly toolbox talk, etc) • Establish contact with Subcontractors with the objective of maintaining good relations and coordination of accident prevention activities and compliance with the established OHS plan. • Correct unsafe acts and unsafe conditions. • Deliver HSE induction/orientation course to all employees, including subcontractors. • Deliver HSE awareness course and toolbox talk. • Advise employees on OHS matters.

3.5 All employees Responsibilities • Take all reasonable and practical steps to care for their own health and safety and avoid affecting the health and safety of co-workers and the general public. • Follow all instructions and use the equipment properly • Not interfere with any safety arrangements. • Report any circumstances which may not comply with the project’s OHS management system.

4.0 Competency All personnel required to operate or work with any equipment or machine must be competent, be tested for each equipment that he/she shall be operating. All personnel who as part of their profession require licensing or certification must obtain the necessary certification before he/she shall be allowed to work on the site.

5.0 Fitness All personnel working on site shall be required to be certified medically fit to do so by an approved medical facility or Medical Doctor (pre-employment medical examination)

6.0 HSE Training 6.1 Induction/Orientation Every new or rehired employee and Subcontractors employees must undergo mandatory OHS orientation / induction. The purpose of the Induction is to educate workers and make them aware of the major potential hazards he or she shall come into contact with while working on the site; also, it is one more opportunity to stress the importance of HSE being the first priority in the operations. The content of the HSE orientation / induction shall cover the following subjects: • Site safety rules. • Personnel protective equipment requirements (PPE). • Environmental sensitivity and protection. • Preparation and planning of the job (Daily Pre-task talk). • Emergency plan and muster points.

6.2 Project Specific HSE Training In addition to the HSE orientation /induction, there shall be specific site HSE trainings which shall cover the following topics: • Manual handling. • Electrical Safety • Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response • Work at height training • First Aid training ( for site First Aiders) • Lifting and Rigging • Safe Driving techniques (for drivers)

7.0 Hazard identification & HSE risk assessment 7.1 Project HSE Risk Assessment

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The project HSE risk assessment shall be developed and recorded. The Project’s HSE risk assessment shall be conducted by a team consisting of HSE Manager/ Supervisor and technical managers/supervisors. It must be approved by the Project manager.

7.2 Fire Risk Assessment A fire risk assessment shall be developed and recorded. A fire safety plan shall be in place in the site.

7.3 Job Hazard Analysis Job hazard analysis is required when the hazards and risks associated with a specific task is to be identified so as to implement control measures. The HSE department together with the technical managers/supervisors shall develop a job hazard analysis when applicable.

8.0 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Emergency procedures and evacuation plan shall be developed by the HSE Department and displayed on the notice board. These procedures shall be communicated to all staff. Also each section/department shall have at least a trained first aider at all times.

9.0 HSE IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING 9.1 HSE Meetings HSE management meetings shall be held once a month. The meeting is to help identify safety problems, develop solutions, review incident reports, provide training and evaluate the effectiveness of our safety program. Some of the meetings shall be: • Project/Site Management HSE Meeting for management and supervision (Monthly). • Tool box talk meetings for all workforce (Weekly). • Pre-task briefing for all workforces (Daily). • Special situation meeting (As required).

9.2 HSE Reporting All incidents and illnesses must be reported to site supervisor after which investigation shall commence and recorded so that appropriate corrective actions shall be implemented to prevent any re-occurrence and report findings shall be forwarded to management for review. Reporting requirements shall include notification of incident, investigation report, and monthly report. Notification of Incident form shall be developed which shall be filled and submitted to HSE department for investigation.

9.3 HSE Inspection and Audits For continual improvement of HSE management system, HSE inspection and audit shall be conducted. An inspection checklist shall be developed. This is to ensure that the HSE management system is being adhered to. The inspection shall be conducted by the HSE department together with site management.

9.4 Corrective and Preventive Actions and Non Conformities During the cause of inspections, concerns raised shall be addressed and closed out. It is expected that in a period of two weeks, a close out inspection shall take place to verify that the corrective actions have been closed.

10.0 Project HSE Rules The project HSE rules shall be developed and supervision shall develop specific rules and procedures when necessary. The following site rules shall be implemented at all times. The Site Manager shall draw these rules to the attention of their own workmen or staff. All sub-contractors must ensure that these rules are drawn to the attention of their workmen and staff. The Principal Contractor may implement additional site rules during the contract programme. Any such additional rules shall be notified to all personnel engaged on the project prior to their implementation. The HSE rules shall include but not limited to: 1. Personal Protective Equipment must be worn at all times.

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2. All instructions issued by the Site Manager regarding the storage, handling or cleaning of materials, plant and equipment must be followed. 3. All vehicles must be parked in the designated areas. 4. Any workman suffering from a medical condition that might affect his work and/or that could require specific Medical treatment must inform the supervisor before commencing work. 5. All site tools shall either be battery operated or 110 volts. 6. No one shall be permitted on site if it is believed that they are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. 7. Vehicles must not reverse without a banksman in attendance. 8. All visitors to site must undergo a site-specific induction and operative Identity badges must be worn at all times. 9. All excavations must be secured. 10. Smoking and eating shall only be permitted in the designated area. This area shall be identified during induction. 11. No hot works operations are permitted without a hot work permit in place. 12. There shall be no radios or other music playing devices on site. 13. Good housekeeping practices to be adopted. 14. Compliance with all Ethical Power Permit to Work systems 15. The site keyed access procedure must be strictly adhered to. 16. All Contractors must comply with Site Health & Safety Guidelines / Site Safety Method Statement 17. No untrained worker shall be permitted to operate heavy machineries.

11.0 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Implementing safe work practices is one of the keys to achieving our HSE objectives and some of these safe work practices include:

11.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The basic PPE required for the project shall be Safety Glasses, Safety Boots, Hand Gloves, Hard Hat and Coverall. Any other PPE shall be used as applicable. Management is responsible for the provision of PPE and usage shall be enforced at all time. PPE shall be provided in circumstances where exposure to hazards cannot be avoided by other means or to supplement existing control measures identified by a risk assessment. An assessment shall be made to ensure that the PPE is suitable for purpose and is appropriate to the risk involved.

Information, instruction & training shall be given to all employees on safe use, maintenance and storage of PPE. Employees shall, in accordance with instructions given, make full use of all PPE provided and maintain it in a serviceable condition and report its loss or defect immediately to the maintenance department where it shall be replaced. PPE shall be replaced when it is no longer serviceable and returned on a new for old basis. Employees shall sign to state that they have received PPE when issued.

12.0 WELFARE FACILITIES The provision of welfare facilities on the site shall be communicated to all operatives at site induction. A cleaning regime shall be implemented and maintained for the duration of the construction phase to ensure the site welfare facilities remain in a clean and tidy condition. If mains drinking water becomes unavailable during the construction phase bottled water shall be brought to site for all operatives for the necessary period.

13.0 SIGNAGE Adequate provision for warning and directional signs shall be made.

14.0 PROJECT HSE PROCEDURES OHS procedures shall be developed. Project activities shall generally be controlled in accordance with OHS Procedures. These procedures shall include:

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• Lifting and Rigging Procedure • HSE Reporting Procedure • Working at Height Procedure. • Emergency Procedure.

APPENDIX 6: GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS General 1. In addition to these general conditions, the Contractor shall comply with any specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) or Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the works he is responsible for. The Contractor shall inform himself about such an EMP, and prepare his work strategy and plan to fully take into account relevant provisions of that EMP. If the Contractor fails to implement the approved EMP after written instruction by the Supervising Engineer (SE) to fulfil his obligation within the requested time, the Owner reserves the right to arrange through the SE for execution of the missing action by a third party on account of the Contractor. 2. Notwithstanding the Contractor’s obligation under the above clause, the Contractor shall implement all measures necessary to avoid undesirable adverse environmental and social impacts wherever possible, restore work sites to acceptable standards, and abide by any environmental performance requirements specified in an EMP. In general these measures shall include but not be limited to: (a) Minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resulting from earth mixing sites, asphalt mixing sites, dispersing coal ashes, vibrating equipment, temporary access roads, etc. to ensure safety, health and the protection of workers and communities living in the vicinity dust producing activities. (b) Ensure that noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles and noisy construction activities (e.g. excavation, blasting) are kept at a minimum for the safety, health and protection of workers within the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby communities. (c) Ensure that existing water flow regimes in rivers, streams and other natural or irrigation channels is maintained and/or re-established where they are disrupted due to works being carried out. (d) Prevent bitumen, oils, lubricants and waste water used or produced during the execution of works from entering into rivers, streams, irrigation channels and other natural water bodies/reservoirs, and also ensure that stagnant water in uncovered borrow pits is treated in the best way to avoid creating possible breeding grounds for mosquitoes. (e) Prevent and minimize the impacts of quarrying, earth borrowing, piling and building of temporary construction camps and access roads on the biophysical environment including protected areas and arable lands; local communities and their settlements. In as much as possible restore/rehabilitate all sites to acceptable standards. (f) Upon discovery of ancient heritage, relics or anything that might or believed to be of archaeological or historical importance during the execution of works, immediately report such findings to the SE so that the appropriate authorities may be expeditiously contacted for fulfilment of the measures aimed at protecting such historical or archaeological resources. (g) Discourage construction workers from engaging in the exploitation of natural resources such as hunting, fishing, collection of forest products or any other activity that might have a negative impact on the social and economic welfare of the local communities.

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(h) Implement soil erosion control measures in order to avoid surface run off and prevents siltation, etc.(i) Ensure that garbage, sanitation and drinking water facilities are provided in construction workers camps. (j) Ensure that, in as much as possible, local materials are used to avoid importation of foreign material and long distance transportation. (k) Ensure public safety, and meet traffic safety requirements for the operation of work to avoid accidents. 3. The Contractor shall indicate the period within which he/she shall maintain status on site after completion of civil works to ensure that significant adverse impacts arising from such works have been appropriately addressed. 4. The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed activity implementation schedule and the monitoring plan / strategy to ensure effective feedback of monitoring information to project management so that impact management can be implemented properly, and if necessary, adapt to changing and unforeseen conditions. 5. Besides the regular inspection of the sites by the SE for adherence to the contract conditions and specifications, the Owner may appoint an Inspector to oversee the compliance with these environmental conditions and any proposed mitigation measures. State environmental authorities may carry out similar inspection duties. In all cases, as directed by the SE, the Contractor shall comply with directives from such inspectors to implement measures required to ensure the adequacy rehabilitation measures carried out on the bio-physical environment and compensation for socio-economic disruption resulting from implementation of any works.

Worksite/Campsite Waste Management 6. All vessels (drums, containers, bags, etc.) containing oil/fuel/surfacing materials and other hazardous chemicals shall be bunded in order to contain spillage. All waste containers, litter and any other waste generated during the construction shall be collected and disposed off at designated disposal sites in line with applicable government waste management regulations. 7. All drainage and effluent from storage areas, workshops and camp sites shall be captured and treated before being discharged into the drainage system in line with applicable government water pollution control regulations. 8. Used oil from maintenance shall be collected and disposed off appropriately at designated sites or be re-used or sold for re-use locally. 9. Entry of runoff to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversion channels or holding structures such as banks, drains, dams, etc. to reduce the potential of soil erosion and water pollution. 10. Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road, but removed and reused or disposed of on a daily basis. 11. If disposal sites for clean spoil are necessary, they shall be located in areas, approved by the SE, of low land use value and where they will not result in material being easily washed into drainage channels. Whenever possible, spoil materials should be placed in low-lying areas and should be compacted and planted with species indigenous to the locality.

Material Excavation and Deposit 12. The Contractor shall obtain appropriate licenses/permits from relevant authorities to operate quarries or borrow areas. 13. The location of quarries and borrow areas shall be subject to approval by relevant local and national authorities, including traditional authorities if the land on which the quarry or borrow areas fall in traditional land. 14. New extraction sites: a) Shall not be located in the vicinity of settlement areas, cultural sites, wetlands or any other valued ecosystem component, or on on high or steep ground or in areas of high scenic value, and shall not be located less than 1km from such areas. b) Shall not be located adjacent to stream channels wherever possible to avoid siltation of river channels. Where they are located near water sources, borrow pits and perimeter drains shall surround quarry sites.

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c) Shall not be located in archaeological areas. Excavations in the vicinity of such areas shall proceed with great care and shall be done in the presence of government authorities having a mandate for their protection. d) Shall not be located in forest reserves. However, where there are no other alternatives, permission shall be obtained from the appropriate authorities and an environmental impact study shall be conducted. e) Shall be easily rehabilitated. Areas with minimal vegetation cover such as flat and bare ground, or areas covered with grass only or covered with shrubs less than 1.5m in height, are preferred. f) Shall have clearly demarcated and marked boundaries to minimize vegetation clearing. 15. Vegetation clearing shall be restricted to the area required for safe operation of construction work. Vegetation clearing shall not be done more than two months in advance of operations. 16. Stockpile areas shall be located in areas where trees can act as buffers to prevent dust pollution. Perimeter drains shall be built around stockpile areas. Sediment and other pollutant traps shall be located at drainage exits from workings. 17. The Contractor shall deposit any excess material in accordance with the principles of the general conditions, and any applicable EMP, in areas approved by local authorities and/or the SE. 18. Areas for depositing hazardous materials such as contaminated liquid & solid materials shall be approved by the SE & appropriate local &/or national authorities before the commencement of work. Use of existing, approved sites shall be preferred over the establishment of new sites.

Rehabilitation and Soil Erosion Prevention 19. To the extent practicable, Contractor shall rehabilitate the site progressively so the rate of rehabilitation is similar to the rate of construction. 20. Always remove and retain topsoil for subsequent rehabilitation. Soils shall not be stripped when they are wet as this can lead to soil compaction and loss of structure. 21. Topsoil shall not be stored in large heaps. Low mounds of no more than 1 to 2m high are recommended. 22. Re-vegetate stockpiles to protect the soil from erosion, discourage weeds and maintain an active population of beneficial soil microbes. 23. Locate stockpiles where they will not be disturbed by future construction activities. 24. To the extent practicable, reinstate natural drainage patterns where they have been altered or impaired. 25. Remove toxic materials and dispose of them in designated sites. Backfill excavated areas with soils or overburden that is free of foreign material that could pollute groundwater and soil. 26. Identify potentially toxic overburden and screen with suitable material to prevent mobilization of toxins. 27. Ensure reshaped land is formed so as to be inherently stable, adequately drained and suitable for the desired long-term land use, and allow natural regeneration of vegetation. 28. Minimize the long-term visual impact by creating landforms that are compatible with the adjacent landscape. 29. Minimize erosion by wind and water both during and after the process of reinstatement. 30. Compacted surfaces shall be deep ripped to relieve compaction unless subsurface conditions dictate otherwise. 31. Revegetate with plant species that will control erosion, provide vegetative diversity and, through succession, contribute to a resilient ecosystem. The choice of plant species for rehabilitation shall be done in consultation with local research institutions, forest department and the local people.

Water Resources Management 32. The Contractor shall at all costs avoid conflicting with water demands of local communities. 33. Abstraction of both surface and underground water shall only be done with the consultation of the local community and after obtaining a permit from the relevant Water Authority. 34. Abstraction of water from wetlands shall be avoided. Where necessary, authority has to be obtained from relevant authorities. 35. Temporary damming of streams and rivers shall be done in such a way avoids disrupting water supplies to communities down stream, and maintains the ecological balance of the river system.

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36. No construction water containing spoils or site effluent, esp. cement and oil, shall be allowed to flow into natural water drainage courses. 37. Wash water from washing out of equipment shall not be discharged into water courses or road drains. 38. Site spoils and temporary stockpiles shall be located away from the drainage system, and surface run off shall be directed away from stockpiles to prevent erosion.

Traffic Management 39. Location of access roads/detours shall be done in consultation with the local community especially in important or sensitive environments. Access roads shall not traverse wetland areas. 40. Upon the completion of civil works, all access roads shall be ripped and rehabilitated. 41. Access roads shall be sprinkled with water at least 5 times a day in settled areas, & 3 times in unsettled areas, to suppress dust emissions.

Blasting 42. Blasting activities shall not take place less than 2km from settlement areas, cultural sites, or wetlands without the permission of the SE. 43. Blasting activities shall be done during working hours, and local communities shall be consulted on the proposed blasting times. 44. Noise levels reaching the communities from blasting activities shall not exceed 90 decibels.

Disposal of Unusable Elements 45. Unusable materials and construction elements such as electro-mechanical equipment, pipes, accessories and demolished structures will be disposed of in a manner approved by the SE. The Contractor has to agree with the SE which elements are to be surrendered to the Client’s premises, which will be recycled or reused, and which will be disposed of at approved landfill sites. 46. As far as possible, abandoned pipelines shall remain in place. Where for any reason no alternative alignment for the new pipeline is possible, the old pipes shall be safely removed and stored at a safe place to be agreed upon with the SE and the local authorities concerned. 47. AC-pipes as well as broken parts thereof have to be treated as hazardous material and disposed of as specified above. 48. Unsuitable and demolished elements shall be dismantled to a size fitting on ordinary trucks for transport. Health and Safety 49. In advance of the construction work, the Contractor shall mount an awareness and hygiene campaign. Workers and local residents shall be sensitized on health risks particularly of AIDS. 50. Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of construction activities, diversions, etc. shall be provided at appropriate points. 51. Construction vehicles shall not exceed maximum speed limit of 40km per hour. Repair of Private Property 52. Should the Contractor, deliberately or accidentally, damage private property, he shall repair the property to the owner’s satisfaction and at his own cost. For each repair, the Contractor shall obtain from the owner a certificate that the damage has been made good satisfactorily in order to indemnify the Client from subsequent claims. 53. In cases where compensation for inconveniences, damage of crops etc. are claimed by the owner, the Client has to be informed by the Contractor through the SE. This compensation is in general settled under the responsibility of the Client before signing the Contract. In unforeseeable cases, the respective administrative entities of the Client will take care of compensation. Contractor’s Environment, Health and Safety Management Plan (EHS-MP) 54. Within 6 weeks of signing the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare an EHS-MP to ensure the adequate management of the health, safety, environmental and social aspects of the works, including implementation of the requirements of these general conditions and any specific requirements of an EMP for the works. The Contractor’s EHS-MP will serve two main purposes:

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• For the Contractor, for internal purposes, to ensure that all measures are in place for adequate EHS management, and as an operational manual for his staff. • For the Client, supported where necessary by a SE, to ensure that the Contractor is fully prepared for the adequate management of the EHS aspects of the project, and as a basis for monitoring of the Contractor’s EHS performance.

55. The Contractor’s EHS-MP shall provide at least: • a description of procedures and methods for complying with these general environmental management conditions, and any specific conditions specified in an EMP; • a description of specific mitigation measures that will be implemented in order to minimize adverse impacts; • a description of all planned monitoring activities (e.g. sediment discharges from borrow areas) and the reporting thereof; and • the internal organizational, management and reporting mechanisms put in place for such.

56. The Contractor’s EHS-MP will be reviewed and approved by the Client before start of the works. This review should demonstrate if the Contractor’s EHS-MP covers all of the identified impacts, and has defined appropriate measures to counteract any potential impacts.

EHS Reporting 57. The Contractor shall prepare bi-weekly progress reports to the SE on compliance with these general conditions, the project EMP if any, and his own EHS-MP. An example format for a Contractor EHS report is portrayed below. It is expected that the Contractor’s reports will include information on: • EHS management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from local or national authorities; • Problems encountered in relation to EHS aspects (incidents, including delays, cost consequences, etc. as a result thereof); • Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor; • Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to EHS aspects; and • Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to EHS management during site meetings. 58. It is advisable that reporting of significant EHS incidents be done “as soon as practicable”. Such incident reporting shall therefore be done individually. Also, it is advisable that the Contractor keep his own records on health, safety and welfare of persons, and damage to property. It is advisable to include such records, as well as copies of incident reports, as appendixes to the bi-weekly reports. A sample format for an incident notification is shown below. Details of EHS performance will be reported to the Client through the SE’s reports to the Client.

Training of Contractor’s Personnel 59. The Contractor shall provide sufficient training to his own personnel to ensure that they are all aware of the relevant aspects of these general conditions, any project EMP, and his own EHS-MP, and are able to fulfil their expected roles and functions. Specific training should be provided to those employees that have particular responsibilities associated with the implementation of the EHS-MP. General topics should be: • EHS in general (working procedures); emergency procedures; and social and cultural aspects (awareness raising on social issues).

Cost of Compliance 60. It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part of standard good workmanship and state of art as generally required under this Contract. The item “Compliance with Environmental

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Management Conditions” in the Bill of Quantities covers this cost. No other payments will be made to the Contractor for compliance with any request to avoid and/or mitigate an avoidable EHS impact.

3. Example Format: EHS Report Contract: Period of reporting: EHS management actions/measures: Summarize EHS management actions/measures taken during period of reporting, including planning and management activities (e.g. risk and impact assessments), HSE training, specific design and work measures taken, etc.

EHS incidents: Report on any problems encountered in relation to EHS aspects, including its consequences (delays, costs) and corrective measures taken. Include relevant incident reports. EHS compliance: Report on compliance with Contract HSE conditions, including any cases of non- compliance. Changes: Report on any changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to EHS aspects. Concerns and observations: Report on any observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to EHS management during site meetings and visits.

Signature (Name, Title Date) of Contractor Representative 4. Example Format: EHS Incident Notification EHS Incident Notification Provide within 24 hrs to the Supervising Engineer Originators Reference No:...... Date of Incident:...... Time:...... Location of incident:...... Name of Person(s) involved:...... Employing Company:...... Type of Incident:...... Description of Incident: Where, when, what, how, who, operation in progress at the time (only factual) Immediate Action: Immediate remedial action and actions taken to prevent reoccurrence or escalation Signature (Name, Title, Date):...... Contractor Representative

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APPENDIX 7: ATTENDANCE AT CONSULTATIONS

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APPENDIX 8: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS HELD WITH STAKEHOLDERS Consultation with Sarki Guru community Leader Date of consultation 19th December,2018 Distance from Buzaye hill 2km Coordinate N10.32270, E009.78904 Venue Sarki Guru Palace preamble The project area constitute of urban and semi urban areas. It is also indicative of the type of livelihood practiced in the area. Farming livelihood is dominant in the semi urban areas such as Wuntin Dada and Guru while the communities in the core urban area such as Yelwa Makaranta have over 80% of its settlers as civil servants. Governance structure In Guru community, there are four (4) categories of governance/ Administration, namely; Sarki – that serve as the overall head District Head Village head who is answerable to the District head Ward head There are also seventeen (17) ward heads that make up Guru community Culture/ Festival No festival associated with the people of Guru except for religious festival which is Salah Dispute settlement The community has four major channels/categories for settling disputes, they go through; Sarki District Head Zauran Sulhu; they are sub-unit under the sharia commission and are in charge of reconciliation and security. The Sharia commission is also responsible in settling dispute and has laws guiding the establishment of Zauran Sulhu. Vigilantes are in charge of security, cases of theft, drug abuse and rape. Disputes among families or households are settled by Sarki while disputes between husband and wife or between brothers are resolved by Zauran Sulhu.

Population Guru community has a population of about 8,000 Occupation Predominantly, 50% of the youths are farmers, while some are civil servants, carpenters and mason. The farm produce are rice, millet, soya beans and maize. Source of water Water is a major problem in the community. Several reports has been written and sent to the government for consideration. Their source of drinking water is from borehole (manual pump) and Well which was dug by a man from Gombe State. The present challenge facing the community is the overcrowding of the borehole and WELL being the only source of water and sometimes makes it difficult for community members to access water whenever they want. The distance to the source of water is about 1km.

Cost of water Basically, there are three tariff set up Ancient ward; pays #500 for each household Those leaving outside the ward ; #750 Those within the GRA; #1,000 For those leaving in the areas where the extension has not gotten to cannot decide on the amount they are willing to pay until there is an extension of pipe to the community Women involvement in Women are not involved in community development and decision making but are allowed to community development contribute financially to any project undertaken by the community. The finances are gathered with the help of their women leader who disseminate information when such needs arise. Health care (Type of health There are no health care centres in Guru community. People with different health challenges visit care facilities) the neighboring village, Wuntin Dada to get medical attention. Type of prevalent diseases Malaria, typhoid and diarrhea Means of transportation/ Transportation is mainly by car and motorcycle. Their mode of communication is through the use communication of telephone. Type of network available Almost all the existing network in Nigeria are available Type of settlement Nucleated settlement with finished and semi-finished building, mud houses with thatched roof. Conclusion 10.00a.m was fixed for consultation with the community Consultation with Wuntin Dada community Leader

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Date of consultation 19th December, 2018 Distance from Buzaye hill 3.8km Coordinate N10.31569, E009.76753 Venue Sarki Wuntin Dada Palace Preamble The project area constitute of urban and semi urban area, which the community lies within. It is also indicative of the type of livelihood practiced in the area while in the semi urban areas such as Wuntin Dada and Guru have more farming population. Introduction The essence of the visit is to have an interface with the community, more especially the women and Men and to also enquire their perception about the project. Governance structure Sarki Bauchi District head which is divided into four; Meri and chauroma Churoman is in charge of the ancient city while Meri is in charge of Wuntin Dada community. Sarki/ Village head; is answerable to district head of Meri Ward head There are twenty (20) wards in Wuntin Dada Culture/ Festival No festival associated with the people of Wuntin Dada except for religious festival which is Salah Dispute settlement Disputes are settled by Sarki of Wuntin Dada. In a situation whereby the issue is reported to the police, he has the right to withdraw the case and settle it amicably within his jurisdiction. Disputes he cannot handle are taken to the District head except issues of husband and wife. To an extent, Issues of theft and rape can be settled by him depending on the understanding of the parties involved but if they are not satisfied with the decision taken by Sarki, the District head handles the matter. Population It is about 10,000 Occupation They engage in crop farming and livestock production, the crop produce are mainly Rice, Sorghum, Soya beans, Guinea corn and Maize. Livestock the rear are; Cow, goat, sheep. Source of water The community has ten (10) pieces of hand boreholes. The two (2) overhead tanks were dug by MDGs which is insufficient in water supply as a result of the population of the area. Cost of water They will pay if water is extended to them Women involvement in Women are involved in both aspect, they have their leaders who govern them community development/ Decision making Women involvement in Fully active in politics and are not restricted by religion Politics Women involvement in They also engage in farm work and other means of livelihood Livelihood Health care (Type of health Government hospital care facilities) Private hospital People with health issues visit the hospital for treatment Type of prevalent diseases Malaria, typhoid, diarrhea Educational facilities Primary and Secondary schools Means of transportation/ Car, motorcycle communication Type of network available All the networks Type of settlement/ Housing Nucleated settlement with finished building

Conclusion Time for consultation with the community was fixed for 12.00p.m at the palace of Sarki Wuntin Dada

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Minutes of consultation with Sarki Yelwa Makaranta community Date of consultation 19th December, 2018 Distance from Buzaye 4km hill Coordinate N10.28228, E009.79998 Venue Sarki Yelwa Makaranta Palace Preamble The project area constitute of Urban and Semi- Urban area. The urban area settlement of Yelwa makaranta consist of over 80% of civil servants and 20% are engaged in trading and farming Governance structure Emir is the overall head District head Village head also known as the Dakachi Hamlet head (Sarki) Ward heads vary from town to town and are called Mai Angwa. They are mostly found in the down town and turbaned by the village head Culture/ Festival Muruchi is a type of food women are not allowed to eat when fresh; it is only the men that are allowed to consume such food. Women do not take up the occupation of a barber; it is seen as a taboo. Men are not involved in hair dressing as well. No festival associated with the people of Yelwa Makaranta except for religious festival which is Salah Dispute settlement As a peaceful environment, disputes barely arise but if such occurs, neighbors resolve the issue before it escalates. Population 20,000 Occupation About 80% of the populations are civil servants while 20% are farmers and traders. Source of water There is no water supply but there is an existing pipe which is not functional. The get their water from manual borehole and Well. A person who cannot afford to buy water because of varying amount as a result of distance tends to drink well water which is contaminated because of refuses dumped beside the well. Cost of water Each gallon is bought for #30 Women involvement in Women are not allowed to participate in community development or decision making but are community development/ allowed to contribute willingly. Decision making Women involvement in It is optional for women to indulge in politics. Religion and culture do not prevent women from Politics participating because of the level of civilization. Where Christians dominate, there is active participation of women. Even Muslim women are now allowed to participate in politics as well. Women involvement in Religiously, it is the duty of a man to carter for his family. Women are not allowed to take up the Livelihood responsibility of fending for the family but can willingly support the family financially. They only render their support in terms of cooking, taking care of the children and the household belongings. Also, they are not barred from engaging in business or taking up a white collar job. Women ownership of Women are entitled to own a land. Father bequeaths land to daughter through inheritance likewise Land husband. In a situation where there is only a man and a woman in the family, the woman gets about 1/3 of the family inheritance while the man gets 2/3. Health care (Type of Domiciliary clinic health care facilities) Abubakar Tafawa Belewa (ATB) Clinic Type of prevalent Malaria, typhoid, diarrhea diseases Educational facilities Secondary schools; General Hassan Usman Katsina Unity College, Bauchi, Bauch State Junior Secondary School Yelwa Makaranta Universities; Abubakar Tafawa Belewa (ATB) University Special School; Special Education Centre (SPEC). School for the blind and dump Yelwa makaranta community is blessed with good schools. People from Sudan, Niger gain admission into the school. Means of transportation/ The most popular means of transportation is motorcycle, then car. The communicate through the communication use of telephones Type of network All the Networks in Nigeria are available and have a very strong signal. available Type of settlement/ Nucleated and linear type of settlement. It is a built up area comprising of cement houses with Housing corrugated iron roof. Conclusion 2.00p.m consultation with the community

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Consultation with District Head Venue: District Head Palace Date 18th December, 2018 Attendance The meeting was attended by district head Cabinet members Environmental Safeguard Officer (BSWSC), Social Safeguard Officer (BSWSC) Communication Officer (BSWSC). Opening Remarks The communication officer of BSWSC, Shehu yahaya Jakam introduced the ESIA consultant who have been engaged by World Bank to prepare an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the construction of 7000m3 Capacity Reinforce Concrete Reservoir on Buzaye hill. Remarks by ESIA The lead consultant, Mr Oliver Nwuju thanked everyone present, he introduced his team members and Consultant the roles the play. Thereafter, he gave a brief introduction of the ESIA study, in which he stated that the 7000m3 Capacity Reinforce Concrete Reservoir will strengthen water distribution in Bauchi State. Remarks by District District head of Bauchi, Alhaji Nuru Adamu Jumba (Churoman) on behalf of his cabinet members Head expressed his gratitude towards the initiative taken by World- Bank to take into cognizance the distribution of water in Bauchi State According to him, the project will elevate the standard of living of inhabitants of Bauchi State. HIGHLIGHTS OF QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES Questions and Responses Concerns The role of gender The gender specialist, Nkeiru Akunwanne explained the aspect of the project she is involved; to specialist in regards educate the girl child on the likely negative impact that could emanate during construction, such as to the project cases of rape and health hazards. Alh Nuru Adamu Jumba clearified the issue of gender dimension, saying that the project area is inhabited by elites and assured the consultant of not encountering such problem Mr Oliver Nwuju asked the possible There are collections of communication; The District head followed by the village head, then the Ward means on how to head that is in charge of information dissemination. Only on special occasion is the service of a town assemble the crier needed. community for consultation and channels of communication Closing Remarks The district head with his cabinet assured the consultant that Bauchi State is very peaceful and should not indict fear of insecurity. In conclusion, he gave his maximum support to the progress of the project.

Consultation with Ministry of Environment Venue: Office of Acting Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Bauchi. Date 18th December, 2018 Opening Remarks The communication officer of BSWSC, ShehuYahaya Jakam introduced the ESIA team to acting PS of Ministry of Environment and to his staff present. He informed them that they were on a mission to carry out studies that will lead to the preparation of ESIA report which is necessitated by the construction of 7000m3 Capacity Reinforce Concrete Reservoir on Buzaye Hill. Remarks by ESIA The ESIA consultant, Mr Oliver Nwuju thanked the acting Permanent Secretary for responding to the Consultant invitation. In addressing them, he reiterated the importance of carrying out ESIA which is an instrument required to assess the impacts, severity and magnitude with a view to proffer suitable mitigation measures for the significant adverse impacts. He also requested to be assisted with the laws and legislative framework to help him prepare his report effectively. Remarks by Acting Mauritau Maisuri, Acting Permanent Secretary gave his maximum support for the execution of the Permanent project. Secretary HIGHLIGHTS OF QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES

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Questions and Concerns Responses Babanginda Gambo asked if the The consultant is in charge of ESIA preparation consultation is in charge of ESIA preparation or the contractor contracted to construct the 7000m3 Capacity reinforce Concrete Reservoir Samuel Salah asked if the project is a The project is a sub-project and has already commenced following the sub-project or a project on its own reconnaissance survey which was carried out on the 17th of December, 2018. and how long will it take before it commences Closing Remarks Samuel Salah informed the consultant that the Environmental Management Framework manual has undergone series of panel review and would be made available to him for his perusal.

MINUTES OF CONSULTATION AT BAUCHI STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (BASEPA) Venue Office of the Director General, BASEPA, Bauchi Date 18 December, 2018 Attendance Saad Umar (DG, BASEPA) Ahmed Musa Danlami (BASEPA) Shehu Yahaya Jakam (Communication Officer, SPIU) Idris D. Bello (Environmental Safeguard Officer, SPIU) Aliyu Dambam (Social Safeguard Officer, SPIU) Introduction The meeting commenced with the Communication Officer, SPIU, Mr. Shehu Yahaya Jakam introducing his team and the ESIA consultant to the DG, BASEPA. Thereafter, the ESIA Consultant introduced his team and the DG BASEPA also introduced himself and his team. Key information The Communication Officer, SPIU, Mr. Shehu Yahaya Jakam, provided the background to the proposed project and presented the project objectives and benefits. He stated that the project will involve the decommissioning of the existing 800m3 storage reservoir at Buzaye hill to give room for the construction of 7,000m3 concrete reservoir to improve water supply and distribution in the Bauchi metropolis and beyond. Remark by ESIA Consultant The ESIA consultant, Mr Oliver Nwuju, described his assignment to BASEPA which is essentially to undertake an ESIA prior to the construction of the 7000m3 concrete reservoir. He stated that goal of the ESIA is to identify and assess potential impacts of the proposed project and propose appropriate measures to mitigate the significant adverse effects in order to ensure that the proposed project is environmentally and socially sustainable. He stressed that BASEPA has been identified as a critical stakeholder that will be involved in the ESIA process and during the construction and operation of the concrete reservoir as waste will inevitably be generated. Waste must be well managed to prevent environmental pollution and public health issues. He thereby called on BASEPA to be involved and ensure waste are managed in line with relevant laws in the state. Remark by DG, BASEPA The DG BASEPA, Mr. Saad Umar, welcomed the team to his office and assured them of support towards the ESIA and project implementation. The DG expressed delight that the World Bank is supporting the State Government to ensure adequate water supply to the people of the state. He further stressed that, the Agency has always been supporting all World Bank initiatives in the state and will equally support this one. HIGHLIGHTS OF QUESTIONS AND RESPONSES Questions and Concerns Responses The ESIA consultant asked The DG, BASEPA responded that BASEPA is a legal entity created by law in the 90s but a to know the roles and new law was enacted in 2017 to strengthen the mandate of the Agency. The Agency is responsibilities of BASEPA responsible for waste management, operations and regulations in the state. The DG added and the relationship with the that although BASEPA is independent in its operations, the State Ministry of Environment is State Ministry of the supervising ministry and there is good relationship between the Ministry and the Agency. Environment? The Consultant asked about The DG responded that BASEPA is responsible for waste management in the State but may

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the operations of BASEPA do so in collaboration with private operators in low density areas and organised estates. In and the coverage of their addition, contractors are also engaged for some sanitation activities such as street cleaning in activities in Bauchi State? urban cities. So basically, BASEPA oversees waste management activities and regulate activities of waste contractors and investors in the state. The Consultant asked about The BASEPA Admin Manager responded that BASEPA has guidelines and laws which they BASEPA’s expectation from will make available to SPIU to guide the activities of their Contractors during project Contractors that will implementation. The DG also stressed that BASEPA will be part of the ESIA, assess the construct the concrete scope of construction and make contributions and recommendations for proper waste reservoirs so that such management. He stressed that the BASEPA law is adequate to ensure the right things are expectation will be included done regarding waste in the state. in the Contract for the project The Consultant asked if The DG responded that BASEPA currently has a site for municipal waste disposal. BASEPA segregates waste Unfortunately, there is no separate facility for hazardous waste management at the moment. or has facilities to manage However, BASEPA is currently working with private registered segregators for metal and hazardous waste plastics and the organic one will soon commence. These people are registered by BASEPA to operate on the site segregating waste for recycling and reuse under the waste to wealth initiative. The Consultant asked about The DG responded that there are gaps in the area of logistics as there are not enough vehicles any challenges BASEPA is for waste and other operations. He equally stressed that there is need to strengthen the currently facing? capacity of staff to enhance their operational capacity. CLOSING REMARKS Communication Officer, Thanked DG BASEPA and other staff present at the meeting for their cooperation. He SPIU assures them that they will be further carried along throughout the process of ESIA and during project implementation to ensure the overall sustainability of the project DG BASEPA Thanked the Consultant and SPIU for the consultation. Assured them of support and cooperation. He stressed the need to carry BASEPA along throughout the process. He promised to send all requested documents to the SPIU promptly.

MINUTES OF FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION FOR WOMEN

Venue Sarki Wuntin Dada Palace Date 20th December, 2018 Language of English and Hausa communication Introduction Nkeiru Akunwanne explained the essence of the project which is to increase the frequency of water distribution. She also told them that the BSWSC will work on a price rate that will be easily afforded and also be able to generate enough revenue to pay back the loan taken from the World Bank for the project. Awareness of the project Yes, they were informed about the project Perception of the project They will be very happy for such project to be sited in their community Source of water The buy water, each gallon is sold for #30 and they are ready to pay for the water Expectation from strangers The welcome strangers and expect them to be of good conduct Occupation Mostly farmers and also engage in trading Women association There is an existing women association Questions In the past, some people have come to ask them the same question on water and left without bringing water to the community, they want to know if water would be brought to their community as promised. Comments She assured them that this is a World Bank project hence the project will be fulfilled. She also said that the project will commence as soon as the ESIA report is done and submitted. If water will improve their Water will improve their standard of leaving life Suggestion The general request was that the project should not be delayed or neglected.

Date 20th December, 2018 Venue Sarki Guru Palace Language of Hausa

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communication Introduction The gender specialist enumerated the women on the essence of the project which is to construct 7000m3 reinforce capacity concrete reservoir on Buzaye hill which will enhance the distribution of pipe borne to different households. Awareness of the project They are not aware Perception of the project The saw the project as avenue to improve their standard of leaving and access to portable pipe borne water Source of water Their source of water is from Borehole and Well that dries up during the dry season and makes it difficult to access water for domestic use. Sometimes the buy water at the rate of #20 per gallon from water vendors. Expectation from strangers To be of good conduct and execute their work diligently Occupation Most of them are predominantly petty traders, just a few engage in farming Questions Will they be allowed to work at the construction site Comments Nkeiru Akunwanne used this medium to address the women on the dangers of withdrawing their children from school to go hawk at the construction site. Rape incidence and hazards could occur at the site. In conclusion, she said that opportunity will be given to those qualified to work at the construction site Suggestions The general request was that the project should not be delayed or neglected and more of this project should be brought to their community.

Venue Sarki Yelwa makaranta Palace Date 20th December, 2018 Language of English and Hausa communication Introduction Nkeiru Akunwanne, Gender Specialist, addressed the women on the importance of the Focal Group Discussion and told them that the relevance of the exercise is to ensure that the people are not ignorant of the project that will soon commence in their community. She further enumerated the purpose of the project which is: extending water (pipeline) to all households in the project area. She asked the women for their co-operation for the success of the project as a whole. Awareness of the project No Perception of the project Water is their outmost need in the community Source of water They have were the get water but distance is a major problem, because of how crowded the area is, the find it difficult to fetch water even when the get there. Prevalent diseases Malaria, typhoid, cholera and Diarrhea Means of supply water to Their children help in fetching water household Cases of molestation No case of molestation Occupation Mostly petty traders Women association Has no association but has a woman leader Expectation from Expect them to be of good conduct, that the Christian and Muslim leave in peace and expect construction water them to adopt the same act. Questions and comments When will the water come Will they be allowed to work at the construction Response Due process will be followed, that water will get to their community very soon. Opportunity will be given to those that are qualified to work and also warned them on the dangers of allowing their children to hawk or engage in child labor at the construction site.

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APPENDIX 9: TEMPLATE FOR EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLAN FOR CCONSTRUCTION SITES

Introduction

Construction sites can be dangerous places and should have an emergency plan so that quick and effective action can be taken in the event of a problem to ease the severity of the situation and to limit the consequences. An emergency plan comprises agreed, recorded and rehearsed strategies, enabling those on site to respond effectively and reliably.

Emergencies that may need to be planned for include (but are not limited to):

• Serious injuries. • Explosion. • Flood. • Poisoning. • Electrocution. • Fire. • Chemical spill. • Structural collapse. • Terrorist activity.

Emergency planning should begin before the commencement of any works on site. The initial emergency plan may be based on a generic plan adapted to the specific project. As the project progresses it will generally be necessary to amend the plan to take account of any changes, in particular, if an emergency or near miss has occurred.

Contents

Some of the basic information that should be included on an emergency plan might include:

• Site address. • Date on which the emergency plan was prepared. • Emergency personnel names and contact details. • Evacuation routes. • Types of emergencies.

An emergency plan should take into consideration the following:

Hazard identification/assessment

Due to the complex and fast-changing environment of a construction site, it is important that the assessment of hazards is ongoing. A thorough review of potential hazards may include:

• Proximity to traffic and public ways. • On-site materials. • Confined spaces. • Plant circulation. • Materials handling and hoisting. • Environmental issues. • Working in, or adjacent to, operating facilities. • Working at height. • Working at night or in reduced light.

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Once the various hazards have been identified, the following needs to be assessed:

• What can go wrong? • What are the possible consequences? • What is the strategy for dealing with the consequences in an emergency situation?

Emergency resources

The emergency plan should identify the emergency resources that can be called upon if necessary, and estimated response times, based upon distances from fire stations, hospitals, and so on.

The plan should also identify on-site resources such as fire extinguishers, spills containment equipment, first aid equipment, and so on. On-site first aiders and other medical staff should be identified.

Communication systems

This involves detailing the various communication systems that are in place to enable emergency services to be contacted without delay. This can be especially critical if the site is in an isolated area that is difficult to reach. Inclement weather may render communication systems ineffective, and the plan should make clear the contingency strategy if this is the case. On large sites, emergency phones can be provided.

Emergency response procedure

Any planned procedures must be considered with the expectation that an unfolding situation may change the conditions and circumstances. The basic steps for emergency response are as follows:

• Stay calm. • Assess the situation. • Take command of the situation. • Provide protection. • Aid and manage. • Maintain contacts. • Guide the emergency services.

Communication and review

The emergency plan should consider how it can be communicated effectively and clearly so that all site personnel are aware of it. The following steps should be taken to review the plan:

• With subcontractors so that it covers their activities. • With suppliers so that is covers their materials/products. • As new areas of the site are exposed to work activities. • With the owner/client to ensure any site-specific hazards are accounted for. • With health and safety inspectors who may visit the site.

Post-emergency

Planning and preparation should also be made for action post-emergency, as simply returning to work may not be straight-forward. Professional counselling may be required for those suffering with post- traumatic stress. In addition, debriefing is necessary to identify how the emergency plan can be improved for the future.

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APPENDIX 10: SAMPLE EMPLOYEE CODE OF CONDUCT POLICY

This Employee Code of Conduct is meant to provide general guidelines and should be used as a reference to guide the development of Contractor in developing Code of Conduct for workers that will be involved in the Construction of 7,000m3 concrete reservoir on Buzuaye Hill in Bauchi metropolis in Bauchi State. Policy brief & purpose The policy brief and purpose is to outline the expectations of the Contractor regarding all employees’ behaviour towards the company, their colleagues, supervisors, sub-contractors and overall organization as well as clients, third parties and host communities. Emphasis should be given to freedom of expression and open communication. In addition, all employees must be bound to follow the code of conduct. Scope The policy applies to all employees regardless of employment agreement or rank. Policy elements All employees must be bound by their contract to follow the Code of Conduct while performing their duties. As a minimum, the code of conduct should include the components outline below:

• Compliance with law: All employees must protect the company’s legality. They should comply with all environmental, safety and fair dealing laws. It is expected that employees should be ethical and responsible when dealing with company’s equipment, products, clients, host communities and public image. • Respect in the workplace: All employees should respect their colleagues. Any kind of discriminatory behavior, harassment or victimization should be prohibited. Employees should conform with our equal opportunity policy in all aspects of their work, from recruitment and performance evaluation to interpersonal relations. • Protection of Company Property: All employees should treat company’s property, whether material or intangible, with respect and care. Employees: (i) Shouldn’t misuse company equipment or use it frivolously. (ii) Should respect all kinds of incorporeal property. This includes trademarks, copyright and other property (information, reports etc.) Employees should use them only to complete their job duties. (iii) Should protect company facilities and other material property (e.g. company cars) from damage and vandalism, whenever possible. • Professionalism: All employees must show integrity and professionalism in the workplace. • Personal appearance: All employees must follow our dress code and personal appearance guidelines including using appropriate PPE at all times.

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• Corruption: the code of conduct should strongly discourage employees from accepting gifts from clients or partners. And, prohibit briberies for the benefit of any external or internal party. • Job duties and authority: All employees should fulfill their job duties with integrity and respect toward customers, stakeholders and the community. Supervisors and managers must not abuse their authority. We expect them to delegate duties to their team members taking into account their competences and workload. Likewise, we expect team members to follow team leaders’ instructions and complete their duties with skill and in a timely manner. mentoring throughout the company should be encouraged. • Absenteeism and tardiness: Employees should follow their schedules. We can make exceptions for occasions that prevent employees from following standard working hours or days. But, generally, we expect employees to be punctual when coming to and leaving from work. • Conflict of interest: it is expected that employees should avoid any personal, financial or other interests that might hinder their capability or willingness to perform their job duties. • Collaboration: Employees should be friendly and collaborative. They should try not to disrupt the workplace or present obstacles to their colleagues’ work. • Communication: All employees must be open for communication with their colleagues, supervisors or team members. • Relationship with host communities: The code of conduct should promote a healthy relationship between workers and host communities. Measures to facilitate such relationship include but not limited to Respect for local residents; No hunting or unauthorized taking of products or livestocks; Zero tolerance of illegal activities such as child sexual exploitation and underage sex, prostitution, harassment of women, GBV, purchase or use of illegal drugs. • Benefits: We expect employees to not abuse their employment benefits. This can refer to time off, insurance, facilities, subscriptions or other benefits our company offers. • Policies: All employees should read and follow the company policies. If they have any questions, they should ask their managers or Human Resources (HR) department. • Disciplinary actions: The company should take disciplinary action against employees who repeatedly or intentionally fail to follow the code of conduct. Disciplinary actions will vary depending on the violation. Possible consequences include: - Demotion. - Reprimand. - Suspension or termination for more serious offenses. - Detraction of benefits for a definite or indefinite time. The code of conduct should provide detailed disciplinary measures and sanctions (e.g. dismissal) for infringement of the code of conduct and/or company rules; Commitment / policy to cooperate with law enforcement agencies investigating perpetrators of gender-based violence. The code of conduct for all workers must be included in employees handbook and must also be given to all workers

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