1927 CONGRESSION .A.L . REOORD~SEN ATE 1635 ernment and the public from shortage of coal ; to the Committee the passage of any legislation amending the so-called J"ohuson on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Immigration Act, which were refen-ed to the Committee on 4920. By M:r. VAILE : Petition of sundry citizens of Denver, Immigration. · Colo., favoring increase of pension to Civil War veterans, their He also presented a petition numerously signed by nath·es of widows, and dependents ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen- the Virgin Islands who ha:ve migrated to the mainland of the sions. · United States since the transfer of the islands from Danish to 4930. By 1\Ir. VINSON of Kentucky: Petition signed by vari­ American sovereignty, praying. that the United States "free ous residents of his district (ninth Kentucky), urging passage us from this anomalous position of being men without a country of legislation for the relief of Civil War veterans and their and enable us to assume those reciprocal relations with the widows ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. American Commonwealth which inhere in the status of citizen­ 4931. By Mr. WARREN: Petition of mechanics of Elizabeth ship"; and also that the United States establish a permanent City, N. C., protesting the passage of Senate bill 4688, intro­ form of government for the Virgin Islands in keeping with duced by Senator Wadsworth; to the Committee on Immigra­ American democratic ideals, which was referred to the Com­ tion and Naturalization. mittee on Territories and Insular Pos::;essions. 4932. By Mr. ZIHLl\lAN: Petition of citizens of Rockville, JUr. TYSON. I desire to have inserted in the RECORD three Md., urging immediate action anmergenry Army officers, hereby Wyo., praying for the prompt passage of the so-called White petitions Senate that such bill be made special-oruer business of radio bill without amendment, which was ordered to lie on the Senate immediately after disposition of ma_ternity and infancy oill. ~w~ . By direction. He also presented a resolution adopted by a convention of the WILLIAM A. KNOST, Oommandet·.

coal operators of Wyoming, at Rock Springs, Wyo., protesting M.ATER~ITY A.ND INFAJS"T HYGIENE against the passage of legislation providing for Government regulation of the bituminous-coal industry, which was referred l\Ir. SHEPPARD presented a letter in the nature of a peti­ to the Committee on Interstate Commerce: tion from Chester II. Gray, Wa ~ hington rcpresentatiYe of the Mr. CAPPER presented a petition of sundry citizens of American Farm Bureau Federation, ' :hich was ordered to be Burlingame, Kans., praying for the prompt passage of the so­ printed in the RECORD, as follows : called White radio bill without amendment, which was ordered AliiERICAX FARM B UREAU FxDERATIO:S, to lie on the table. ' Waahington, D. a., January 13, 1927. Mr. WILLIS presented a petition of sundry citizens of Geneva Ron. ~!ORRIS SHEPPARD, and vicinity, in the State of Ohio, praying for the prompt pas­ Uuitecl States Senate, Washington, D. a. sage of legislation granting increased pensions to Civil War MY DFJAR SE:SATOR : I desire to ad>ise rou of tbe interest of the veterans and their widows, which was referred to the Com­ American Farm Bureau Federation in II. n. 755u, authorizing appro­ mittee on Pensions. priations for the fiscal years eners of the national borne mittee on Foreign Relations. and community committee of the AmE.>rican Farm Bureau Federation, He also presented memorials of sundJ.·y citizens of Cam­ and it hns their approval. I am also authorized by the legislative bridge, Senacaville, Lore City, Derwent, Buffalo, Byesville, and committee of tbe American Farm BurE.>au Federation to support this Pleasant City, ull in the State of Ohio, remonstrating against meusure. 11636 CONGRESSIONAL. . RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 14 Inasmuch as the bill has already passed the llouse and Is now I Because of the weakening, to a greater or less extent, of confidence before the Senate for consideration, I wish to convey to you at this in Florida's institutions a deflation period set in, which did not end time the hope that it may receive early and favorable action by the until July, At that time there were published the statements of the Senate. banks of the country, as called for by the Comph·oller of the Currency, Yery respectfully, and the statements of Florida banks showed them to be in sounder AMERICAN FARU BUREAU FEDERATlO!'<, and more liquid condition, having more cash as against total resources CnESTER H. GRAY, and more cash as against total deposits, than the banks of any State Washington Representati-ve. in the Union. So proud were the Florida banks of their condition that PROHmmoN ENFORCEMENT many of them had their statements published in New York. STATE'S RESOURCES RISE Mr. SHEPPARD presented a resolution adopted on tl1e 9th instant by a mass meeting of citizens of Houston, Tex., which And now,- although Florida bas gone through this deflation period was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows : plus a terrific hurricane, its banks have total deposits of $750,000,000, more than three times the amount of deposits of the entire 16 South­ Resolution to defend the Constitution of the United States against its ern States in all of their banks and trust companies in 1881 ; the enemies adopted by mass m"etin:; of citizens of Houston, Tex., on State does not owe a dollar, does not have one penny of outstanding January 9, 1927 indebtedness, bonded or otherwise, and has, as of this writing (Novem­ Whereas the,. Constitution of the United States and every part of it ber 19), $14,000,000 of iration tax, no corporation stock trausfer That we call on all citizens to respect the eighteenth amendment and tax, no franchise tax, and no tax on intangibles, raising all revenue on all officers to enforce it and the laws passed to uphold it; for the expenses by an oc.cupational tax, a gasoline tax, and an ad That we will repudiate any candidate for public office--local, State, valorem tax on real and personal property. or National-regardless of his religious, political, or other affiliations, I doubt whether any other State could have as successfully, in the who is gullty of giving aid and comfort to the enemies of the Constitu­ face of false reports atfecting Its solvency, gone through with the situa­ tion of the United States. tion as Florida has. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES FLORIDA'S REAL MERIT The reason for it is that Florida has real merit. It lias had con­ Mr. SMITH. From the Committee on Agriculture and For­ stant and continuous development for many years. The hectic real­ estry I report back with amendments the bill (S. 4009) authoriz­ estate gambling was simply an incident to our · extraordinary and ing the Director of the Census to take a census of baled cotton, sound commercial development; and, contrary to the general opinion known as the "carry over," on hand on August 1, 1927, and throughout the United States, ll'lorida, as a whole, bas done this year to make and publish a report thereof. I will submit later a the greatest amount of business in its history. report to accompany the bill. By reason of its incomparable climate and the productivity and vari­ Mr. McNARY, from the Committee on Agriculture and For­ ability of its soil it raises 2GO varieties of field crops, fruits, and estry, to which was referred the uill ( S. 4943) for the relief vegetables; supports its people; probably the same number of tourists ; of George H. Cecil, reported it without amendment and sub­ and ships 100,000 carloads of perishable commodities annually. mitted a report (No. 1244) thereon. It receives millions of dollars annually from its sponge industry, 1\Ir. CAPPER, from the Committee on the District of Co­ fish and sea-food industry, naval stores, lumber, phosphat~, and cattle lumbia, to which were refer·red the following bills, reported industries, and from the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come them severally without amendment and submitted reports to Florida; and the value of its manufactured products now amounts to thereon: an excess of $300,000,000 a year. It produces more per acre per A Uill (H. R. 12109) to amend section lluu of subchapter capita in dollars and cents than any other State. It could easily build 3 of chapter 1 of the District of Columbia Code (Rept. No. a wall around itself and support itself without intercourse with the 1245) ; outside world. A bill (H. R. 12110) to amend section 1135, chapter 31, of the District of Columbia Code (Rept. No. 1246) ; EVIDENCE OF RECOVERY A bill (II. R. 12217) relating to the appointment of trustees As an evidence of the great increase of business this year over the ~nd committees (Rept. No. 1247) ; and same period last year, I might cite that for the first nine months of A bill (II. R. 12218) amending sections 1125 and 1127, chapter 1920, 961,000 automobiles crossed the Gandy Bridge, a link in the main 31, of the District of Columbia Code (Rept. No. 1248). highway of the west coast, as against 630,000 for the same period of Mr. WADSWORTH, from the Committee on Military Affairs, 1925 ; l.i'lorida showed an increase of 130 pet· cent in sales of ordinary to which was referred the bill ( S. 4941) to authorize appro­ life insurance for tbe first nine months of this year, compared with priations for construction at military posts, and for other the same period of last year,· the largest increase of any State in the purposes, reported it without amendment and submitted a Union ; the increase in registration of automobiles in Florida for 1926 report (No. 1249) thereon. over 1925 was 76 per cent, leading the Nation; expenditures l.Jy public utilities, railroads, and l.Juilding operations generally were 30 per cent INDUSTRIAL CONDITIO~S IN FLORIDA more for the first nine months of 1926, as compared with the same 1\lr. TRAl\UIELL. Mr. President, I desire to have printed period of last year; the consumption of cement up to the present time in the RECORD an article appearing in the New York Evening has shown an increase of almost 50 per cent over the same period of Post relative to industrial conditions in the South. There has last year. been more or less published in the RECORD along that line in Collections from the gasoline tax for the first nine months of 1026 the last few days, and I desire to have this article likewise amounted to $8,863,000, against $4,477,000 for the same period in 1925. printed in the RECORD. Gross receipts from the gasoline tax for the first nine months exceeded . The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. the entire year of 1925. The article is as follows: LEAD IN INCOME TAXES FLORIDA'S RECOVERY FROM DEFLATION AMAZES HER BOOSTERS-E~D OF It will no doubt surprise the Nation that Florida this year heads the GAMBLING IN REAL ESTATE lliRKED BEGINNI~O OF INDUS'rRIAL DE­ list of States in the percentage of Federal income-tax payments; that VELOPMENT-FINANCIAL IMPROVEMENT SPECTACULAR IN ITS SWIFT­ it is ninth in point of size In payments; that it will pay $50,000,000 NESS, AND, . DESPITE HURRICANE LOSSES, STATE PILES UP IIUGE in income taxes this year, against $15,000,000 for last year; that, SURPLUS AS llANKS REGAIN PRESTIGE although the smallest State in the South in population, it will pay more By Peter 0. Knight (Knight, Thompson & Turner, of Tumpa) income taxes than the States of North Carolina and Texas combined, Because of the wide publicity given to hectic real-estate speculation, more than the States of Virginia and Texas combined, more than the with which Florida was affi.icted in 1925, persons outside Florida States of Maryland, the District of Columbia, South Carolina, and became obsessed with the idea the chief business of Florida was real­ :Mississippi combined, and more than the States of Georgia, Alabama, estate speculation. Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, and South Carolina combined. When gambling in real estate ceased last December these same people During the deflation period, when it appeared banks of Florida would became satisfied "'ith business in Florida and its progress had ceased, be unable to stand the strain, officers of the Federal reserve bank o.f and thereupon this State was atllicted with such a series of misrepre­ this district concluded Florida would need at least $100,000,000, and sentations affecting its solvency nnd credit and the solvency and they were prepared to extend that assistance. There never was a time credit of its banks and institutions as no State in history ever had to during the entire period when the borrowings of all the banks in con tend with. Florida combined amounted to $7,000,000. And to-day, at the end of -1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA.TE ·1"631

it all, totnl borrowings of the Flo.rida banks from the Federal reserve. Mr. WATSON. None1 except to approve our report. I will bank of this district arru>nnted to onl.y $5,000,000; and our banks have say to the Senator that we appointed a subcommittee-- on deposit with the Federal reserve bank at this writing in excess -of :1\fr. NORRIS. When does the Senator expect to ask for $18,000,000, which, with the season ahead of us, will be rapidly in­ action? creased, and borrowings will surely disappear. Mr. WATSON. I expected that it would be taken right away, In aile accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Pensions. a great saving to the Government if we cash these certificates By Mr. H.A. 'VES : on the adjusted-service basis wifu 4 per cent interest to the A bill ( S. 5266) to regulate the sale of black bass in the date of surrender. It would solve a situation that is eau.-;ing District of Columbia; to the Committee on the District of almost untold trouble throughout the country. It would save Columbia. the Government millions of dollars, because a great many vet­ By ~Ir. KENDRICK: erans would rather have a small amount now than to take A bill ( S. 5267) to amend the packers and stockyards act, chances of living long enough to get the total amount. 1021 ; to the Committee on .Agriculture and Forestry. · The bill ( S. 5268) to provide for the immediate pnymen t to By Mr. BRUCE: veterans of fue amount of their adjul-3ted service credit, was read A bill ( s. u26!J) to cxten(l tlle beuefitR or tlte l'lll}lluyccs' lia­ twice by its title and referred to the Committee on Finance. bility act .of September 7, 1916, to OtiS Gee, a former employee PERMANENT GOVERNMENT FOR THE VInOIN ISL.A~DS of the Chemical Warfare Se ryic;e, Edgcwootl Ar:-.: erwl, )Hl.; tu l\Ir. BINGH.A~i submitted an amendment intended to be pro­ the Committee on Claims. posed by him to the bilr(S. 45u0) to provide a permanent gov ~ By Mr. STEWART: ernment for the Virgin Islands of the United States, anll for A hill ( S. 5270) gra.ntiug a pension to Catherine Haffey; to other purposes, which was referred to the Committee on Ter.. tl1e Committee on Pensions. · ritories and In::;ular Possessions and ordered to be printed. 1640_ CONGRESS!ON AL R.ECORD-SENATE JANUARY 1~

n.LITERACY I~ !'IORTH DAKOTA 1 agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective 1\Ir. FRAZIER. . Mr. President, there is an editorial in the Houses as follows: . . . 'Vashington Post of this morning in regard to illiteraer the qnes­ action, having first definitely decided to disagree to the Senate tiou as to which of the two ranks higher in the matter of literacy. amendments, and then, without reconsideration, back-tracked They will have to tal•e North Dakota into the quarrel or remain in and agreed to the Senate amendments, therefore it would not the background, for it is doubtful if there is another State, no mat­ be necessary to bring up tlte matter in the Senate. I under­ ter how SIIUlll its population, able to show fewer than 2,000 white stood that the Senator from Washington entertained that view; illiterates within its borders. but I am glad to note that he has modified that view, and CALL OF THE ROLL now brings the matter before the Senate. Mr. JONES of Washington. I intend to present a con­ The report is, of course, debatable. I shall not take up the ference report and ask for its consideration. It is ratlter an time of the Senate, however, because at some length I have important matter, and so I suggest the absence of a quorum. expressed my entire disagreement with the bill in its present The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. form. As the bill came from the House of Representatives it in­ The legislative clerk called tlte roll, and the following Sena­ volved an expenditure of some $35,000,000. As it now stands, tors answered to their names : the expenditure is more titan double that amount ; and if Ashurst George McKellar Schall Bnyard Gerry McLean Sheppard we are to take into consideration the expenditure involved in Hlngl!am Gillett McMastet• · ~hipstead the future in projects herein ' adopted, it will run into the Blease Glass McNary Shortridge hundreds of millions. _ 'Borah Golf Mayfield Smith Bratton Gooding Metcalf Bruoot As I said, when the bill was before the Senate formerly Bl'llce Gonld l\losps Steck I expressed my dissent to it. I content myself now by saying Cameron Hale Neely Stephens Capper Ilarri:; Norbeck Stewart that so far as I am concerned I find myself unable to vote Caraway Harrison Norris Swanson for the conference report ; but I am delighted to know that Couzen~:~ Hawes Nye Trammell the Senator from Washington has been examining the rul<'s, Curtis Heflin Oddie Tyson Dale Howell Overman Walsh, Mass. and has modified his position touching the necessity for action Deneen J' ohnson Pepper Walsh, l\lont. by the Senate. Dlll .Tom's, N. Uex. Phipps Warren ~fr. JONES of Washington. I simply desire to say that I Edge Jones, Wash. Pine Watson Emst Kendrick Ransdell WbP.eler have not modified my opinion, but I do not think we will have Ferris Keyes Reed, Mo. W1llis any trouble with this report. ll'ess King Reec:f, l'a. Fletcher La Follette Robinson, A.rk. Mr. KING. Mr. President, the rivers and harbors bill which Frazier Lenroot Sackett passed the Senate a few days ago I regard, I was about to say, - Mr. STEPHENS. I desire to announce the unavoidable ab­ as one of the most wicked bills of that character that have sence of the junior Senator from New Jersey [1\lr. EDWARDS]. ever been passed. I assent to what the able Senator from Mr. SHEPPARD. I desire to state that the Senator from Ohio has just stated as to the burdens which it will impose New York [Mr. W AnswonTH] and the Senator from Vermont upon the Government of the United States. That bill, in my [Mt·. GREENE] are engaged in the Committee on Military Af­ opinion, will cost the Government of the United States at fairs. least $250,000,000. . A large part of that will be expended in - The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-one Senators having an­ the coming fiscal year and the one following. swered to their names, a quorum is present. I was amazed at the number of new projects that were authorized to be investigated; but it seems, us we are advised RIVER .AJ.~D HARBOR BILL--CONFERENCE REPORT by the chairman, that each one of those projects-without due 1\lr. JONES of Washington. :Mr. President, I submit a con­ consideration, I am afraid-was accepted, so tllat we do not ference report, and move that the Senate proceed to its im­ know what the ultimate charge upon tlte Treasury will be. mediate consideration. That it will be hundreds of millions of dollars, I think, can not The VICE PRESIDENT. The report will be read. be successfully disputed. The Chief Clerk read the report, as follows: Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President--­ Mr. KING. I yield. The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the Mr. ·wiLLIS. 'Vill tlte Senator permit me to remind him two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill just there, since lie is speaking of these projects, that some of (H. R. 11616) authorizing the construction, repair, and preser­ the projects that were adopted in these amendments were vation of certain public works on riY"ers and harbors, and for adopted in the face of the recommendations of the Army engi­ other purposes, having met, after full and free conference have neers. Project:-; are in this bill that have been abandoned by 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE' 1{)41 action of Oongres::; after tremendous expenditures upon them; S. 4740. An act granting tbe conseut .of Congress to the St. and yet here tlley are in this bill, and they are to be put Louis-San Francisco Railwa:r Co. ,to construct, maintain, and through, and the burden placed upon the people. Whether it operate a railroad bridge across. the Warrior River; ~hall be .$250,000,000 or twice that, .nobody knows. I am -call­ S. 4813. An act gran~ing the consent of Congi·ess to the :Min­ ing attention to the fact that under tho present method of neapolis, Northfield & Sout:l;lern Railway to construct, maintuiu, com;tructing river and harbor bills the reports of the men and operate a 1;ailroad bridge across the Minnesota River ; who nr.e supposed to kllow the virtues of these projects are S. 4$3+. An act granting the consent of Congress to the high­ d.Lsregardcd, and projects are adopted merely because some­ way department of Davidson County, of the State of Tennes~ce. body wants them adopted. to construct a bridge across Cumberland River at a point nenr Mr. KIKG. I agree with what the Senator -states; and in Andersons Bluff, conne

witlwut amendment the following bills of the Senate: J 1)lem to have. We can only d·efend our position there on the S. 4702. An act to extend the time for. tbe constl·uction of. a ground that we want to protect our own cittzens and their. bridge across the Kanawl!a Rive1· at Kanawba Falls, Fayette Pt:<:>pcrty, n.nd at the same. time permit the Nicar~gunn people County, W. V'a.; · to have a Government according to the will of the majority. 1642 OONGRESSION .A.L RECORD-SENATE JA..NUARY 14· The policy which has been pursued for the past few years ought to use every precaution possible to prevent war. Ours is now given as the reason for the present policy. If our is the only Nation in all the earth whose highest judicial present policy is wrong, that is no defense. Precedent is not authority has declared it to be a Christian Nation. Therefore a defense for wrong actions on the part of an individual, much this Government, above all others, should use its great influence less of a nation. To follow a wrong precedent makes that to promote peace and prevent war. precedent even more powerful for wrong policies in the future. 1.'his Government owes it to itself and to tlle people who love, When shall we come to the standard as a Nation that we support, and sustain it, to exhaust every means at its command will stop talking about precedents but will talk about justice to prevent war before it employs military force against any and fair play in the dealings of a great, powerful Nation with country. a little, helpless country like Nicaragua? 1\Ir. President, I recall that in 1916 there were certain in­ Mr. W .ARREN. I ask tbe Senator if he will not permit me to fluences in this country-and I am going to talk very plainly, have a message from the House laid before the Senate that because I think the people are entitled· to know the truth­ conferees may be appointed on an appropriation till. there were certain religious influences that sought to drive :Mr. DILL. I may say to the Senator that I have only a few President Wilson into war with Mexico. He was a candidate words more to say. I will not take much time. for reelection. Just a few days before the election, when his :Mr. WARREN. Very well. election seemed certain by an overwhelming vote, I am told that J\fr. DILL. However, I may say to the Senator that other he was approached by certain Catholics aud urged to go to war Senators have taken several hours to discu ~s this subject, and with Mexico. The President, it is said, stated that he wanted . I feel at literty to say wlmt I have in mind to say. to look into the matter and find out just what the facts were, The people of the United States, as a people, have no sym­ and so forth. But he was pressed for an immediate answer. pathy with a policy that proposes to say to the peoples of The election was only a few days off, aud the representatives Central America aud 1\Iexico, "You must have governments of the Catholic Church were taking advantage of that situation satisfactory to us." No such meaning can be read into the and were seeking to influence the President at that particular l\1onroe doctrine or no such meaning can be defended if anyone time to pledge himself to adopt their program for war with tries to make such an interpretation. 1\Iexico. But., thank God, President Wilson, au upstanding, full­ 1\Ir. l\IcKELLAR. 1\Ir. President, does the Senator think grown ..c\merican, refused to comply with their request. But there is any justification or excuse for the policy of our repre­ what happened to him? The political situation commenced to sentatives intriguing with certain factions in a foreign country change immediately in a number of States. Certain Wil~on like Nicaragua? supporters 'vent over to Hughes. But Wilson stood firm anu Mr. DILL. I think it is iniet philosophy controls the military powet·s of Mexico- 1\lr.' DILL. Of course, there is no defense for it, and we act as we do in Nicaragua because that is a small, helpless coun­ And so forth. try. We take the privilege of lanf the District of Columbia where except in Washington, and it had been shown that the holding a Probate C<>urt (Administration No. 30781) show that an officer whose duty it was to hold an inquest never · held an exemplified copy of the will of Jess W. Smith, dated May 11, 1922, was inquest, but simply stated that he thought Jess Smith had filed in said court on June 20, 1023 ; that the executors named therein killed himself, what would law-abiding, honest people have were Harry JU. Daugherty and M. S. Daugherty; that ancillary letters thought about that? .Yet that is the situation we have here. testamentary were issued in this jurisdiction to M. S. Daugherty, <>ne Among correspondents are people in New York, and some of the exe.cutors, June 20, 1923, wh<>, in his petition for such letters, of their letters would open the eyes of the Nation if they could stated that Harry M. Daugherty, the other executor named in the be read by the public. One of them states that John T. King, will, had failed to qualify as such. who was jointly indicted with Daugherty in the conspiracy The will, among a great many other items, bequeathed $2u,OOO to case, passed away under mysterious circumstances. Another H. M. Daugherty, and the first and final account of the ancillary execu­ one states that he killed himself, but that the doctor said he U>r was approved and passed June 20, 1924 ; but as to whether the died from pneumonia. . estate has been fully settlcdln the courts of Ohio I am unable to advise As to Cramer, who was killed in Washington, or killed him­ you. self, as some newspapers said, I have had it suggested to me Very truly yours, since that he, too, was mixed up with Jeff Smith and Daugh­ PEYTON GORDON, erty, and it is doubted that he killed himself. United States .A.ttorne11. Mr. President, have we reached the time when public men in this body and in the other body dare not stand up here and THE SECRETARY O.Ji' THE INTEIUOI1 1 tell the country about the things going on at the Capital? Washington. What will we come to in a few years more if Republicans Ilon. J. THOMAS HEFLIN, remain in power? A man dare not stand here and speak his Urnted States Senate, Washitlgton., D. a. convictions; he dare not tell the country what he believes; he MY DEAR SENATOR HEFLIN : In reply to y<>ur letter of the 7th instant, dare not warn the people of the dangers that threaten free relative to the disposition of certain Jacobian oak furniture U> former institutions in America; he dare not attack the program of the Secretary of the Interior Fall, you will find inclosed copy of a letter pre-datory interests of the Nation. from this department, under date of March 18, 1924, to lion. Lours C. 1927 CONG~ESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1645 CRAMTON, Honse of nepresentatives, on the subject which covers this The Philadelphia Public Ledger of Thursday morning carries transaction· quite fu11y. a seven-column head: In a letter· from the chief clerk of the department dated March 24, · Mexico is center of Bolshevist plot against the United States; object 1024, to Ron. C. C. DILL, United States Senate, on this subject, he is world .revolution, K~llogg declares. states in part as follows as to the rug: "• • • The files of the department show that on July 25, 1017, Let us remember further that a great majority of the people an order was placed with W. B. Moses & Sons for three rugs, including of the United States are what might be termed headline. readers. • 1 Chinese rug, 10 feet 6 inches by 14 feet, at $73{).' · Copies of the I venture the assertion that a large percentage of the readers order and invoice are herewith inclosed, marked ' Exhibits F and G.' of the Philadelphia Public Ledger are to-day convinced that It is believed that this is the rug in question. It was purchased . for Secretary Kellogg produced before the Senate Foreign Rela­ the Secretary's room and used there until Secretary Fall came to the tions Committee evidence proving that l\1exico was the center department, some time after which it was removed and placed in the -of a Bolshevistic plot against tho Go-rernment of the United storeroom. Later it was placed on the floor of room 6127, occupied by States. employees of the Alaskan Engineering Commission. As shown by one The New York Herald-Tribune of the. same date .says: of the foregoing memorandums, the rug was removed from this room Mexico base of red war on United States, Kellogg charges. in July, 1922, and taken to Secretary Fall's apartment in the Wardman Park Hotel by direction of C. W. Nestler, mentioned abo-ve. There ts no Some of the newspapers have editorially drawn the same record of the return of this rug to the . department, but I have been inference. I desire to read only a sentence from the editorial Informed by Myers Reynolds, the carpenter who crated the furniture, of the Washington Star of last evening. Says the Star-and I that a rug such as the one above described was packed by him and quote only a portion of the editorial- included in the shipment." Under the banner of an " all-America antllmperialist league " C. W. Nestler was formerly assistant to the Secretary and administra­ the radical forces directed from Moscow are at work to break down tive assistant in Secretary Fall's office, but is not now connected with American influence in Latin-American affairs. A close association the department. between this league and the government at Mexico City is indicated. Sincerely yours, Mr. President, I do not know how many Senators in this Ht.:DERT WORK. Chamber have read the document made public by Secretary CALL OF THE ROLL Kellogg following his appearance before the Senate Foreign :P,Ir. KING. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a Relations Committee; but I venture the assertion that of those quorum. Senators who have read it there is not one who believes that The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. AsHURST in tlle chair). any such· inference is to be drawn from this document, or that The clerk will call the roll. any such charges are proven by it. 1\Ir. President, this document is the flimsiest sort of propa­ The legislative clerk call~d. the roll, and the following Sena­ tors answered to their names : ganda. If it had emanated from any other source than that Ashurst Frazier La Follette Sackett of the Secretary of State of the United States, there is not Bayard George Lenroot Schall a reputable newspaper editor in the United States who would Hingham Gerry McKellar Sheppard have authorized its publication in the columns of his news­ nicase Gillett McMaster Shipstead It Borah · Glass McNary Shortridge paper. would ha-re gone not to the composing room but to Bratton Goff Means Smith the wastebasket as a piece of sheer propaganda, unsupported Bruce Gooding Metcalf Smoot by evidence of any kind or character. Cameron Greene Neely Steck Mr. EDGE. 1\ir. President, will the Senator yield? Capper Hale Norbeck Stephens Caraway Harris Norris Stewart The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from "~is­ Couzens Harrison Nye Swanson cousin yield to the Senator from New Jersey? Curtis Hawes Oddie Trammell 1\fr. LA FOLLETTE. Yes, l\fr. President; I yield. Dale Heflin Overman Tyson Deneen Howell Pepper Wadsworth Mr. EDGE. The Senator, I think, has already stated, but Dill Johnson Phipps Walsll, Mass. I was not quite positive, that the Secretary of State, in pre­ I•~flge Jones, N.Mex. I'ine Walsh, Mont. senting that memorandum, in no way asserted, so far as its F.rnst Jones,.-Wash. Pittman Warren Ferris Kendrick Reed, Mo. Watson accuracy was concerned, anything· beyond the fact that it hnd lfess Keyes ll.eed, Pa. Wheeler been collected from reports and turned in to the department by }<'letcher King Hobinson, .Ark. Willis represcntati es of the department ; and he presented it for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eighty Senators having an­ what it was worth, somewhat in the nature of a warning, I swered to their names, a quorum of the Senate is present. suppose. The question is on concurring_ in the amendment made as in ~Ir. LA FOLLETTE. A warning of what, l\1r. President? Committee of the Whole to House bill 11768. JHr; EDGE. A warning of possibilities of Bolshevistic up­ turnings. THE SITUATION IN MEXICO A~D NICARAGUA · · Mr. LA FOLLETTE. By whom? Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I do not intend at this l\1r. EDGE. By those who were mentioned in five or six or time to discnss the situation existing in Nicaragua further than seyen typewritten sheets of their activities. I have not a copy to say that I believe the action of our Government is unjusti­ of it before me, but I am one of the Senators who read it; and fied and unconscionable. At a later date I shall avail myself I do recall name after name of men who had been sent to of an opportunity of discussing the Nicaraguan situation fully. Mexico or points in Latin America for the purpose of develop­ I rise now to voice my protest and to 25, PresiUent Calles, of Mexico, replying to the Our own ambassador in Mexico commended in his statement statement of Chicherin, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Soviet to the newspapers the answer of President Calles to Secretary Russia, said: of Foreign .A.ffah·s Chichelin's -statement, and yet PI·esident Mt·. George Chicherin, the public official who is in charge of foreign Calles's reply is conspicuously absent from the document spon­ relntiom; of Soviet Russia, in an official statement has declared: sored by Secretary of State Kellogg in his appearance before " In America we confront an interrogation mark. But with a the Committee on Foreign Relations. nei~hbor of the United States, namely, Mexico, we have succeeded in :bU.rthermore, the only oilier reference in this document to reestablishing diplomatic relations, and this gives us a very useful Mexico or to the activity of 1\lex.tcans is a statement in the political I.Jase for the development of our relations in the New World." l\Iexican Chamber of Deputies, in which a labor deputy 11ro­ tested against tbe activities of the Russian minister to l\lexico,. Tllat is the same paragraph which appeared in Secretary and a second statement from the' l\Iexican l!'ederation of Labor .Kellogg's statement. I now proceed to quote further from to the same effect. President Calles's official note in answer to the statement made So again I state that ·the only evidence in this document concerning this declaratio~ of Chicherin. Said Calles : sponsored by Secretary of State Kellogg which tends to show As the views thus expressed may lend themselves to erron~us and what the l\lexican Government is doing sllows that tbat Gov­ unjustified Interpretation in regard to our country, I, speaking as its ernment and those who support it are as unsympathetic with executive, ueem it pertinent to declare that at the time we decided to the principles of the Russian Government as is Secretary of renew uiplomatic relations with the Government of Soviet Russia the State Kellogg himself. Mexican Government was imbued fundamentally with the basic prin­ 1\Ir. President, if I may trespass upon tile time of the Senate ciple of international law, strictly to re:=, 1925, appearing in the to read the opening paragraph of the editorial, as follows : New York Times, as follows: It is dii!lcult to write moderately of the formal statement made M EXICO CJTY .-The American ambasRador, James ,Jl. Sheffield, de­ before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations by Secretary of clared at his regular conference with the newspaper men to-day that State Kellogg. For we doubt seriously that ever· before in the history tbe relations between Mexico and the United States have been improved of this Nation has the hE'ad of the State Department appeared in ~Y the recent ~tatemerit . of President Calles with_ respect to a speech public !n a state of such utterly indecent intellectual exposure. Such 1~27 CONGRESSIONAL. RE_CORD-SEN.ATE 1649 drivel offered IJy the Cabinet officer in charge of foreign-relations to the criticized for not displaying sufficient energy in this sphere. Very Senate committee in charge of foreign relations is, we believe, without specific instructions in this regard were issued to the communists In previous example in the· history of this country, from the administration the United States in the "resolution of the American question" adopteement for independence) .is assum­ Mr. LA fOLLETTE. I also ask unanimous consent to have ing in the countries of South America. There . is·. no: ·. doubt that printed i.n the RECORD in full at the conclusion of my remarks in the future struggle for the overthrow of the yoke of the bour­ an editorial entitled "Moscow and Nicaragua," from the New geoJsie of the United S_tates the working class and the·· peasantry of York Evening Post of Tllur. ·clay, January 13, 1927. Latin America will play a tremenuous rOle. The American Com­ The PR£SIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so munist Party must not be a party of self-centered interests, but must ordered. b~come a party which understands bow to raise the question of the [See Exhibit F.] hegemony of the proletariat in the whole movement for freedom Mr. LA -FOLLETTE. In closing, Mr. President, let nie say which is directed against the imperialists of the United States. More­ that I believe the Senate of the United States or the Foreign over, it is necessary that the Workers' (Communist) Party maintain Relations Committee ought to take action to right the wrong the closest contact with the labor movement in the colonies of Cuba done to a friendly Government by the Secretary of State in the Philippines, etc., and support them in their fight against Ameri~ authorizing the publication of this vicious piece of propaganda can imperialism. against a Government with which we have, or witll which we In view of this the executive committee or the Communist Inter­ should have, friendly relations. national instructs the central committee of the American Communist Party to devote the most serious attention to the tasks cited, and, Elx:IIIBIT A above all, to appoint ah earnest group of party workers to partici­ [From the Sun, Baltimore, Thursday morning, January 13, 19!!i] pate in the current work in Latin America in agreement with the TEXT OF SECRETARY KELLOGG'S STATEMENT ON "BOLSIIEVIK AIMS " IN presidium of the executive committee of the Communist International. MEXICO AMERICAN CO!IIMUNISTS ORGANIZE TO ACT By the Associated · Press In accordance with Moscow's instructions, the American com­ W ASHI~GTON, January 12.-Secretary Kellogg's statement to the munists during the last two years have been placing special emphasis Senate Foreign Relations Committee to-day was captioned " Bolshevik on their anti-American work in Mexico and Latin America. Consider­ aims and policies in Mexico and Latin America" and was as follows: able attention was given to this matter at the fourth convention or The Bolshevik lenders have had very definite ideas with respect to the Workers' (Communist) Party in Chicago, August 21-30, 1925. A the role which Mexico and Latin America are to play in their general special organization known as the All-Ametiea Anti-Imperialist League, program of world revolution. has been created by the American communists to carry out tile in­ They have set up as one of their fundamental tasks the destruction structions of Moscow in the matter of organizing Latin America of what they term American imperialism as a necessary prerequisite against the United States. Tile following is taken from a report on . to the successful development of the international revolutionary move· '' anti-imperialist work " delivered at the fourth national convention ment in the New World. The propagation of communist ideas and referred to above: prin<:iples in the various countries of Latin America is considered sec­ • • "The outstanding feature of our work against American ondary to the carrying on of propaganda against the aims and policies imperalism is that it has entered the field of active practical coopera­ of the United States. '.rhus, Latin America and Mexico are conceived tion with the oppressed peoples of American imperialism, the most as a base for activity against the United Stated. important step in this connection being the successful organization of the All-American Anti-Imperialist League. 90M.MUNISTS IN UNITED STATES GIVEN INSTRUCTIONS " In Januat·y of this year (1925) a subcommittee was elected by the Communists in the United States have been repeatedly ir{structed to central executive committee, which assumed charge of all the anti­ devote special attention to the struggle against "American imperialism " imperialist activities of the party. This committee prepared material in Latin America and to the organization of resistance to the United for campaigns, furnished articles on imperialism for the party press, States. Bolshevik aims in this respect were succinctly set forth in a drew up manifestoes and leaflets, and was the medium through which resolution of the Third Congress of the Red International of Trade the party cooperated with anti-imperialist organizations in Latin Unions, July ~22, 1924, as follows. It was resolved : America. Manifestos were issued to the Cuban Labor Congress, held • • • • • • • at Habana, to the International Marine Transport Workers' Convention, "4. To unite the national struggle against American imperialism in held at New Orleans, several manifestoes to the Mexican workers and individual countries in a general mo>ement on a scale of the whole to the Filipinos, a special l\lay Day manifesto to the workers of Latin American continent, embracing the workers of all countries of Ladn America, a manifesto in connection with the , Tacna-Arica affair, and America and tlle revolutionary forces of the United· States. Mexico is other manifestoes and leaflets which will be refet·red to later on. a natural connecting link between the movement of the United States " Direct contact with Mexico was maintained throughout the period of North America and Latin America; therefore, Mexico must be the through the visits of Comrades Johnstone, Gomez, and Lovestone to center of union. Mexico, and through steady cort·espondence. Comrade Wegenknecht • • • • • • • visited the Philippines and established connections there. Correspond· "7. In the name of the Trade Unton Educational League of the ence connections were also established, with greater or less success United States, to appeal to the toilers of Latin America with a call to with practically every country in Latin America, as well as with create a united front against American imperialism." • • • Hawaii and the Philippines. Through our activities five Filipino dele­ gates were secured for the international transport conference in FIGHT AGAINST IMPERIALISM MOST IMPORTANT TASK Canton, lor which our party was commended by the Communist Similarly, a representative of the American Communi~t Party speak­ International. ing at the sixth session of the enlarged executive committee of the CAMPAIG~ AOAJNST LABOR IMPERIALISM Communist International on February 4, 1926, declared: " Our party has carried on a consistent campaign, both in this coun­ "The last and most important task of our party is the fight against try and in Latin America, against the 'labor imperialism ' of the so­ imperialism. The Communist Party of America must become the de­ called Pan-American Federation of Labor. Comrade Johnstone attended fender of the oppressed peoples of Latin America. The time is not the convention of the Pan-American Federation of Labor at Mexico long distant when Latin America will become the China of the Far City, in November of last year (1924), and cooperated with the Mexi­ West and Mexico the Canton of Latin America." can party in its strategy in connection with this convention. In the theses approved at the sixth session of the enlat•ged executive "Comrade Gomez was sent to Mexico in April of this year (192G) committee of the Communist International it is stated with respect to and attended the convention of the communist party of .Mexico as Latin America : fraternal delegate from our party. During his visit plans for joint " Latin America also can and must become a basis of support of the action of the Mexican, Central American, and United States parties 1Jberation movement against imperialism (against the imperialism of against imperialistic policies of the ran-American Federation of Labor the United States). In the present state of things the nations living were auopted. · in Latin America are as a majority oppressed nations which soon or "Our party was largely instrumental in the establishment of the late will be drawn into the struggle against the imperialism of the All-America Anti-Imperialistic League. • • The league is a non­ United States." * partisan international organization, admitting to affiliation all groups ANTI-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES CLAI!Il ATTENTION in the Americas willing to take up the fight against American imperial­ Dnrlng the past few years the Bolshevik leaders have been giving ism. It aims to give driving force and centralized expression to the more and more attention, to anti-American activities in Mexico and nl,ltional liberation movements in Latin America, Hawaii, the Philip­ Latin America. The communists in the United States have been pine Islands, etc., in alliance with the movement of this couP.try. 1650- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE - JANUARY 14 "The All-America Anti-Imperialistic League has a special secretariat "(i) Support the proposed plan of the All-American Anti-Imperialist located in 1\.lexico City, under whose supervision the monthly Spanish League for an all-American conference against imperialism. language organ of the league, which has now published five issues, "(j) The Machete, organ of the Mexican Communist ·Party, and El­ is edited, as well as special manifestoes, leaflets, etc; Our party has Libertador, organ of the Anti-Imperialist League (published in Mexico), contributed toward defraying the expenses of the monthly magazine, should be circulated among the Spanish-speaking workers of the United El Libcrtador, and toward other expenses of the Mexico City secre­ States." tariat, but lack '-of funds has made it impossible to give adequate support RES.OLUTION DIVULGES .ACTIVITIES .AND PLANS in this respect. -- · The activities and plans of the American communists ~s regards "A· regular :~~tlon of the ·All-America Antl-Imperallst League has the organization of opposition to the United States in Mexico and beerl formed in ' Cuba, with Julio Antonio Mella as secretary, and is Latin America are summed up admirably in a resolution passed by the eXtremely active, holding mass meetings, lectures; etc. Labor, peasant, central executive committee of the Workers (Communist) Party on and student organizations in Costa Rica, Panama, Salvador, and Peru November 12, 1926. This resolution reads as follows: have affiliated with the league, but no regular sections have been formed "The tasks of our party at the present time, as set forth in the in those countries as yet. Contacts have been established With some resolution of the political committee, are those presented by the con­ of the foremost intellectuals of Latin America, who are supporting the ditions of imperialism. · American imperialism is able to win over league and writing for its monthly organ. • • • Tentative plans large sections of the American workers by sharing with them a small are. already being laid, also at the suggestion of our party, for an All­ part of superprofits and continues to extend its hegemony in foreign America Anti-Im·perialist Congress to be held at Buenos Aires some time fields. However, the steady expansion of American capitalism upon next year." an imperialist basis is accompanied by the enormous extension of the TO DEMAl\1> UNITED STATES WITHDRAW ITS ARMED FORCES vulnerable surface which it presents to attack. Uecent months have The fourth convention listed among the concrete tasks of the party : furnished striking evidence of the widespread movement for Latin­ " To carry on a systematic and active agitation against American American unity against Wall Street. We cite particularly the present imperalism, particularly in Latin America. To demand the withdrawal attitude of the Calles Government in Mexico--its general Latin of American armed forces from foreign lands. • • • Americanism, its policy in Central America, its tendency· toward co­ "To give active support to the activities of the All-America Anti­ operation with the All-American Anti-Imperialist League and the de­ Imperialist League." cision of President Calles to send a personal representative to the The same convention adopted a lengthy resolution with respect to the Brussels World Conference aga~nst imperialism. struggle against American imperalism. This resolution pointed out that "The committee has repeatedly indicated that a basic task of any " there is sufficient homogeneity to permit the building of a powerful pal'ty situated in an imperialist country is to stimulate and give aid continental movement of workers ·and farmers against American im­ to the nationalist and national revolutionary movements in the colonial perialism, and sufficient resentment doe to the occupation of the Central and semicolonial countries under the heel of imperialism. This, to­ American and Caribbean countries, the sustaining of autocracies, such gether with the work among the American masses, forms the basis as those of Venezuela and Peru, by United States aid, the interference of our party work. While our party has made considerable progress in the internal affairs of all of the countries, t~e system of financial in anti-imperialist work, it is still far from a proper realization of and military a2G, at the seventh annual con­ aimed either to save Mr. Kellogg's face in the Nicaraguan mess, or as V('ntion of the l\fexican Federation of Labor: pat·t of a concerted effort on the part of the State Department to mis­ " ' • • • 3. That a courteous invitation be extended by the cen­ lead and inflame American opinion as the prelude to a diplomatic rup­ tral committee to the diplomatic representative of Russia accredited to ture and an armed intervention. The incident of last November when Mexico, so that his office may abstain from lending moral and economic the State Department made the same charge of Bolshevism anonymously support to the so-called radical group, enemies of the Mexican Federation through the Associated Press seems to point to the conclusion that a of Labor and of the Government.'" policy of deliberate incitement llas been adopted. The concentration of armed forces which "are much larger than any which could con­ ceivably be employetl in Nicaragua may have some bearing on the pur­ EXHIBIT B poses of the administration. [From the New York Times of January 13, 10!!7] If the American people want peace, they cnn not atrord to wait until they have become entangled in Mexico, as they are already en­ TOO EASILY SCARED tangled in Nicaragua. They must act now before the fatal decisions No one need question the sincerity of Secretary Kellogg in confessing are taken, before the war psychology is arouseu anJ men cease to be that the Washington administration is frightened by Bolshevist activi­ reasonable. The situation is so delicate, the forces pressing for inter­ ties and threats jn Mexico and Central America. No doubt he is able vention are so powerful, the opposition is as yet so disorganized and to quote chapter and verse from resolutions of the Third International unaroused that there is no telling what might happen if a blood­ declaring a ferocious purpose to provoke revolution ln those regions. curdling incident were to occur in l\fexican territory. But this- is only one of their glittering though fulile plans of cam­ The stnge is set for very serious things, and if the American people paign. They have announced and undertaken to carry out similar want peace Ui e.y wm have to begin to tight for it now. They can not ~andiose projects in India and China, in England and Germany, as trust either to the good intentions or to the wisrlom of the State De­ also in France. With what result? Ignominious failure all along the partment, for the State Department is clearly and unmistakably line. We know what they tried to do in this country, and what a looking for trouble, wretched fiasco was the issue of all their plotting and mouthing and pouring out of money. They are, in fact, everywhere to-m worthy of the trauitlons of the Department of State to allege tors who would, if they were loyal to their convictions and had the that onr real actuating motive has been an ignoble fear of Russian courage of them, be standing openly for peace :.:.nd conciliation. revolutionists whose long reeord of blundering and disaster shows that The Kellogg memorandum on Bolshevism was written by a man who they are not really to be f<>.a.red. They certainly arc not to be feared set out deliberately to poison the mind of the American people. by tlle United States. Assuming that the American people are incapable of seeing thro.ugb a Going back to the essentials of the Nicaraguan complication and the tissue of misrrpresentation, assuming that the American press is edited Mexican difficulty, no reason bas yet appeared why hope of a just by men witbQut a sense of responsillility, the official author of this Rettlement through conciliation or, if necessary, arbitration should be document set out to make the American people think that the l\Iexican abandoneu. The note of the l\lexican fore·ign minister pointed out how Government h; directed from Moscow. Their theory is that if once the " inexplicable " it would be if the United States, with its long cham­ American people can be made to belie>e tllis there will be universal pioning of peaceful settlements, should now refuse to listen to any approval for the hostile measures that are contemplated. arguments but those of force. Especially bas It been the boast of Contemptible as the document is in its spirit, its purpose, its sub­ our Government in these recent year11 that it was not necessary to stance, and its reasoning, it is nece!';sary to pause over it and analyze belong to the League of Nations in order to be an ardent lover of the character of the evidence on which the Secretary of State has put pees us thus a very spasmodic threats against Mexico. Let us see, from Mr. Kellogg's own convenient political uase for the development o our further ties.'" statement, how grave are these specific "Bolshevik aims." · Thus far Mr. Kellogg bas not cited one single Mexican document, We learn, in the first place, that the plots to combat and overthrow official or otherwise. .All this evidence consists Rimply in the state­ American imperalism, particularly_ in Latin America, are formulated ments by RuFoke 'an international conflict' with the Party. More, it is a forlorn thing, despised alike of capital and labor, United States. and dependent almost entirely upon si1ly official attention for public "B. Communication addressed to the so>Jet minister by the central notice of any charncter. Yet more, its feeble thought has been chiefly committee of the Mexican Federation of Labor by direction of the sev­ fixed upon domestic affairs. Mr. Kellogg's own statement records a enth congress of that organization. It tells him to keep his hands off rebuke to it on that account from Moscow, and also records a statement Mexico, because ' no nation bas the right to impose nor to lay down made by the Workers' Party itself, no later than last Novemher, that tor another the doctrine which must control its activities.' its " antl-imperalist work has been greatly hampered by lack of suffi­ " C. Resolution adopted March 6, 1926, at the seventh annual con­ cient comrades." vention of the Mexican Federation of Labor asking tbe diplomatic rep­ What of ·the results of this organization's work in Latin .America? resentative Qf Russia to • abstain from lending moral and economic sup­ It starts, of courRC, With capital against it, and must find its strength port to the so-called radical group, enemies of the Mexican Federation in the ranks of labor. On the question of the measure of strength it of Labor and of the Go>ernment.'" has acquired let Mr. Kellogg himself speak again. Repeatedly his own · On analysis, Secretary Kellogg•s charges agn.inRt Mexico collapse quotations from the Workers' Party's manifestoes reveal antngoni~;m to ignominiously. llis own citations prove, first, that he has no evidence that party from the Pan American Federation of Labor. And the fifth connecting the Mexican Government with the. Communist International item ot the Workers' Party program, as given by Mr. Kellogg, l)(•gins, at Moscow and, second, that even Mexican labor bas openly resisted " Expose and struggle against the so-called Pan American Federation communiRt activity. of Labor." Indeed, the very last paragraph of Mr. Kellogg's statement · reveals opposition by labor to the communists. It is a quotation from What can be the mentality of a Sec~:etary of State who will sponsor a protest by the Mexican Federation of Labor to the Russian Ambassa­ such balderdash as this memorandum? llere we are in the midst of dor against bis giving moral and economic support to the radical the most delicate international crisis that has al"isen since the war, group-" enemies of the Mexican Federation of Labor and of the and we find the Secretary of State engaged in slanderous insinuation Government." against a friendly Government. Could anything- be meaner, wickeder, But let us turn now from these " Bolshe>ik aims" to the impli(·ations and more clearly in violation of all fair play and decency than a per­ or Mr. Kellogg's argument. H e makes no defense in this statement formance like this? What crime can an official commit that is worse of our course. He simply says thut the Bolsi.Jeviks nrc oppo,.; cd io · than to ~read malicious propaganda when peace between neighboring American imperialism. :Must we, then, ride rough shod over Latin nations is at stake? There are inexcusable acts. This is an inexcus­ .America because a handful of Bolsllcviks preach opposition in Latin able net. This is a crime against the peace of the world. This America to our imperialism? That question ough t to arrest Americans is a crime against the honor of the United States. who care 'for principles of justice. For those Americans who may care The present dlfficnltics with Mexico can not be peaceably composed un­ only for protection of doUars there is another question. Is it con­ less the administration d esires peace. There are grounds of legitimate ceivable that this pitiable Workers' Party and its vague masters in dispute between the two Go>ernmcnts. The rights and the wrongs are Moscow, have made in the whole of their efforts one-hundredth part not wholly on either side. But there is no question at issue between of the enmity for the United States that lli. Kellogg, hysterical and Mexico and the United States which is not susceptible ultimately of irascible, has made in two months? pacific settlement by men who are determined to maintain the peace. Elaborate parade of danger that would not scare a toothless old 'l'h~ resources of civilized dealing are not exhausted. They have not woman, and false policy even from the absurd and ludicrous stanu­ ~;>ven been used. All that we have had so far is a debate at arm's point that the danger is a reality-that is the sum total of Secretary !Pngth between smart and suspicious bureaucrats. We have not yet Kellogg·s statement. The only possil.lle theory on w..bicb Mr. Kellogg had an Ame.rican ambassador in Mexico City who desired seriously to can be acquitted of foolishness beyond words is that he is deliberately come to a direct personal understanding with officials who are beset raising a vast bugaboo to cover State Department manipulations in on every side by the tremendous problems and the resultant hysteria Latin America for oil and other exploiting interests. And that woultl of a social revolution and a religious reformation. We have not yet be a miserable means Qf defending his intelligence. had an attempt by the President of the United States to step over and })(>yond the red tape and the confusion of the diplomats in order to come to some understanding for the orderly adjustment of the controversy. ElxnrBr.r F We have not yet invoked our treaty with Mexico, or The Hague Court, [From the New York l<:vening Post of "January 13, 1!127] or any other body designed by civilized men fot· just such disputes as 'MOSCOW .AND 'NICARAGUA this. It communistic activity in Central .Ame1·ica is to be cited in justifi­ We cnn not go further along the pat!:~ the State Department Is now cation of our course in Nlraragua a closer connection must be shown tafing if our purpose is to protect our honor and to be true to the between this activit;v an d the Sacasa movement than has yet been 1927 OONGRESSION AL RECOR.D-SENATE 1653 exhibited. Secretary Kellogg can not Reriously argue that a general diplomacy and arbitration fail, we feel that the people of the V'nited intention on · the _part of the Bolshevist leaders to win the United States should realize that the total estimated investment of the entire States some time, somehow, warrants our intervening in a specific .American petroleum interests in Mexico is . only about five times as difficulty in a Central American country in which the issue of Bolsbe· much as the cost of the Pershing punitive expedition to l\Iexico in vism i ::; not concerned. 1916-17, sent for the purpose of capturing one bandit, the infamous Tlle struggle uctwcen Diaz and Sacasn. bas not been depicted as a Pancho Villa, but in vain. At that time there was only one short cia. 11 between capitalism anu communism. It bas seemed to be simply casualty list; if, however, we go into Mexico now to fight the myth one of tho~e old-fashioned political rivalrirs which formerly threw a of Bolshevism, which our GoYernment seeks to create, or for the crass good many of the Central and South American countrie::; into periodical materialistic purpose of defending title to American petroleum rigilts COnYUlsiOD!~. representing an investment of less than $700,000,000, the American We have exerted our- influence to put an end to this sort of "popular people ought to know that we are embarking on a war which will goYcrnment" -in the few places in which it still flourishes, our most cost them many times the value of the property in question, which imiJortant step toward tllis ~oal l.Jeing tile sponsoring of the treaties will cost the lives of many of our American youth, which will bring which proYide thB;t rc<:.06'1lition shall be denieu to a government which upon us the hatred of all of Latin-America and tlle scorn of the comcs into power ·through a coup d'etat or reYolution, and that the civili7.1'd worlu. The United States is too big and powerful not to be leaders of such an upheaval shall be disqualified from assuming the williu~ to arbitrate its rti spute with weaker Mexico. 'l'he United States pre ~i d e ncy or the vice presidency of the nation concerned. should be too proud to hide ueh ind a smoke screen of Bolshevism ; our Solill considerations likl' thos<' which inspired these treaties-con· Congress shonld be too statesmanlike to look upon this grave matter siderations rrlating to the safety of life and property, both native and as simply a partisan iRsue. We beliPve that future history will record foreign. 8]1(] tlle fundumental welfare of Central America-are the that you, more than any other man in the Uuited States, stood in 19:!7 · only justification for interference from us. If Bolshevism is to be in the po ition to thwart a great miscarriage of justice and to save added to the re:isons for our action, it must be definitely connected onr Government from the future accusation of having acted with an witll the particular situation which im11els lls to mo1e. If the State ulterior and materialistic motive against the rigllts of small but inde· Dt>partment has ground for believing that Sacasa is being aided and pendent nations like Mexico aud Nicaragua. We believe tllat the abetted by Bolshevist money, then Bolshevism may properly be cited pres«>.nt calls upon you to take tlle lead in restoring the deplorable and as one of the hostile elements in the il.fi'air. But a mere general alarming loss of confidence tht·oughout the world which our Govern­ charge tliat lfoRcow is aiming at us through Mexico and Central ment is experiencing as a rE'sult of unwarranted intervention in 1'\ica· America is not only irrelevant; it ~;:uggests that we haven't any specific rngua and threats against Mexico. • • justification for our course. Chas. W. Ramsdell, professor of American history; W. E. Gettys, President Coolidge's !'pecial message put the matter about as well professor of sociology; E. T. Mil1er, professor of economics; as it can be put. We arc intcrYening in Nicaragua on recognizeu C. Perry Patterson, professor of government; J. Lloyd auu perfectly definite grounds. There our case should I.Je allowed to Mecham, associate professor or government ; Frederic Dun· rest. calf, profcssot· of medieval hiRtory; M. S. Handman, pro.­ One point that has promptly I.Jcen cleared np is that made in the fessor of economics ; C. W. Bucket t, professor of Latin· American history; George W. Stocking, professor of eco­ accn~ation that the arms with which the forces of Sacasa are fighting Diaz were shipped from New Orleans under special licenses granted by nomics; C. 'l'. Gray, professor of Education; T. W. Riker, our State Department. On its face it was incredii.Jle, but that fact professor of modern European history ; J. E. Pearce, pro· diu not nullify the need for a plain statement from Washington. The fessor of anthropology; Robert A. Law, professor of En~;· State Departm·ent's denial thnt any such licenses have been granted lish; C. A. Wiley, associate IJrofessor of economics. gives the canard it~; quietus. · E.'XECU'l'.I.VE SESSION Mr. BORAH. l\lr. President, I desire hefore moving an Mr. BORAH. I move that tlle Senate proceed to the <:on­ executi•e session to ask unanimom; con~ent to have inserted !:liueration of executive business. in the RECORD a telegram from the faculty, or a portion of the The motion was agreed to, and tlle Senate proceeded to the faculty, of tile University of Texas upon the Mexican situation. consWeration of executive business. After two hours and thirty­ I ask to ha•e it all printed except the la!:lt three lines, which five minutes spent in executive session the doors were reopeneu, are merely personal. and (at 4 o'clock and 55 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the re­ until to-morrow, Saturday, January 15, 1927, at 12 o'clock quest of the Senator from Idaho? 'l'he Chair hearl!l none, anu mel'idian. it ig so ordered. The telegram referred to is, as follows : NOMINATIONS .AUSTI:'i, 'l'Ex., Jan11at"Y 1.'l, 1927. E~ccutive rwmina.tions 1·ecc ived 1Jy the Sena.te J(uwary 1", 1921 Senator \VILLLUI E. BORAH, Ghai-1-man Foreign Helatious Committee, MRMBERS oF 1-'H~ PUBLIC UTILI'l'JES oF THE DISTRW'l' oF CoLUMBIA United ~tate8 Senate, Washington, D. 0 • . Benjamin F. Adams to be a member of the Public Utilities Sm: No people in the history of western civilization has ever needed Commh;sion of the District of Columbia for a term of two years, a pro~rnm for their social nnd economic uplift more than do the commencing July 1, 1926. Mexicnn people to-day. It is the belief of the undersigned members John W. Childress to be a member of the Public Utilities of the fucnlty of the university of Texas that the Government of Commission of the District of Columbia for a· term of three Mexico is honestly endeavoring to bring about the social and economic years, commencing July 1, 1926. regeneration of its people, and that it is the plain duty of the United Blaine l\fallan to be additional counsel of the Public Utiliti{'S States to refrain from interference with this program, if it is not its Commission of the District of Columbia, to be known ns the positive duty, to assist in promoting it. Such a program as that of peoples' counsel. the Mexican Government can not, in our opinion, by the wildest stretch of the imagination be classeu as llolsbevist. C rtainly it will take CoMMISSIONER o:::;o IMMIGRATIO~ more evidence to convince us that 1\Iexico is llolshevist than bas been Anna C. M. Tillinghast. of Cambriuge, 1\lass., to be com­ pointed out up to the pre:;eut in the official statements that have been mh;sioner of immigration at the port of Boston, Mass. made public by the citing of a speech by one radicnl member of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Mexican Congress as proof tllut the Mexican GoYernment is llolshevist is absolutely contrary to the simplest rules of evidence. The mere Dr. Albert T. Morrison to be an assistant surgeon in the fact that Bolshevists in Moscow and the United States hope to estab· Pul•lic Health Service, to take effect from date of oath. lish ilieir iueas in :Mexico and the other Latin-American States does (Tllis doctor has pas~ed the examination pre!;cribed · by law not otter any proof that the Governments of these Strltes or their and the regulations of the service.) citizens are inclineu to indorRe Bolshevism, and up to the present no REGISTER OF THE LAND OFFICE ()fficial information to that effect bas been ronde pui.Jlic in considering Jame Uoss 'Vaters, of Minnesota, to be register of the land the Mexicnn problem. ·One should take into account whether or not oflice at Ca s Lake, 1\Iinn., vice Peter l\Iichael Larson, term the :Mexicans are entitled to acquire for themseh·es in 1927 what our expit·ed. English ancestors have acquired for themsel>es since 1\Iagna Charta. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY Should the threats which we regal"d as more imaginary than real to .American property rights in l\I<.'xico, many of which were acquired Amos W. W. ·woodcock, of Maryland, to be Uniteu States from the dictorlnl government of Diaz nnu in a manner not free from attorney, district of Maryland. A reappointment, his term suspicion-should these threats blind us to the lluman elertlent of lla•ing expired. the Mexican problem? The dil'lpute between the United States and UNITED STATES MARSHALS Mexico over theRe property rJgb ts if it can not be settled by diplomacy James H. Ilammons, of Kentncky, to be United States mar­ sl'louhl be arbitrntecl and no resort ue made to armed aggression, an shal, eastern clistl'ict of Kentucky, vice Edwin W. Pieper, ap-· aggrel:'Rion justified •largely by the alarmist cry of Bolshevist. If pointed by court. 1654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-S}}NATE JAJ.~U.ARY 14 Harry S. Hubbard, of Porto Rico, to be United States mar­ Emerson B. Herrick to be postmaster at Lodi, Calif., in place shal, district of Porto Rico. A reappointment, his term hav~ of E. B. Herrick. Incumbent's commission expires January ing expired. 31, 1927. Bert W. Miller to be postmnster at Hilts, Calif., in place APPGI~TME:XT, BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR ARMY of B. W. l\liller. Incumbent's commission expires January FIELD .ARTILLERY 31, 1927. Second Lieut. Charles Owen Wiselogel, Air Corps, wi~ r:ank Henry Metzler to be postmaster at Fowler, Calif., in place from June 30, 1926. of Henry Metzler. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ ary 13, 1927. PROMOO'IO~S IN THE REGULAR ARMY Edna J. l\!cGowan to be postmaster at Belmont, Calif., in VEITERIN .ARY CORPS place of E. J. 1\IcGowan. Incumbent's commission expired To be colonel December 21, 1926. Lieut. Col. Eugene John Cramer, Veterinary Corps, from COLORADO January 8, 1927. Fred E. 1\-Iaker to be postmaster at Grandlake, Colo. Office To be first licutenan.ts became presidential July 1, 1926. Second Lieut. Clayton Huddle Studebaker, F~eld Art.1llery, Jessie L. Thurston to be postmaster at Carbondale, Colo., . in from January 6, 1927. place of H. J. Schwarze!, resigned. Second Lieut. Aluert James Wick, Coast Artillery Corps, from Frank D. Aldridge to be postmaster at Wellington, Colo., January 7, 1927. in place of F. D. Aldridge. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, 1927. . PlWMOTIO:'i IN THE PHILIPPINE SCOCTB Dixon D. Pennington to be postmaster at Victor, Colo., in To be captain place of D. D. Pennington. Incumbent's commission expires First Lieut. Salvador Formoso Reyes, Philippine Scouts, from January 26, 1927. January 6, 1927. , 'Villiam D. Asbury to be postmaster at Montrose, Colo., in POSTMASTERS place of W. D. Asbury. Incumbent's commission expired .AL.AB.A MA January 4, 1927. Fred D. Perkins to be postmaster at Wetumpka, Ala., in 'ralitha B. Utterback to be postmaster at Mesa, Colo., in place of F. D. Perkins. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ place of T. B. UtteriJack. Incumbent's commission expired ary 29, 1927. August 26, 1926. Addie M. Cannon to be postmaster at l\!ount Vernon, .Ala., in Gerald H. Denio to be postmaster at Eaton, Colo., in place place of A. l\1. Cannon. Incumbent's commission expired of G. H. Denio. Incumbent's commission expires January August 29, 1926. 30, 1927. Warren L. Hollingsworth to be postmaster at Lincoln, Ala., Earl E. Ewing to 1Je postmaster at Colorado Springs, Colo., in place of W. L. Hollingsworth. Incumbent's commission ex­ in place of E. E. Ewing. Incumbent's commission expired pires January 29, 1927. Januax·y 4, 1927. John M. Stapleton to be postmaster at Foley, Ala., in place Agnes l\f. Ward to be postmaster at Bennett, Colo., in place of J. M. Stapleton. Incumbent's commission expires January of A. l\f. Ward. IncumlJent's commission expires January 30, 29, 1927. 1927. William L. rower to be postmaster at Blountsville, Ala., in CONNEOTWUT place of W. L. Power. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ William G. Mock to be postmaster at New l\Iil!ord, Conn., in ary 29, 1927. plate of K. l\1. Spencer, deceased. John L. Miller to be postmaster at Berry, Ala., in place of W. Gardiner Davis to be postmaster at Pomfret Center, Conn., .J. L. Miller. Incumbent's commission expires January 29, in place of W. G. Davis. Incwnbent's commission expired 1927. December 4, 1926. Margaret El. Stephens to be postmaster at Attalla, Ala., in DELAWARE place of M. E. Stephens. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ LeRoy W. Hickman to be postmaster at ·wilmington, Del., in ary 29, 1927. place of L. W. Hickman. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ Fred M. Fitts to be postmaster at Alabama City, .Ala., in place uary 30, 1927. of F. l\1. Fitts. Incumbent's commission expires January 20, FLORIDA 1927. Lillie C. Hnys to be postmaster at Abbeville, Ala., in place Elizabeth D. Barnard to be postmaster at Tampa, Fla .. in of L. C. Hays. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, place of E. D. Barnard. IncumlJent's commission expires Jan­ 1927. uary 26, 1927. OEORGI.A .ARIZONA pot~tmaster J('rome B. Roberts to be postmaster at Park~r, Ariz., in place Joseph C. Thames to be at Crumps Park, Gn., in of l\f. E. Brown. Incumbent's commission expired April 4, 1926. place of L.A. Jenkins, removed. 'Villiam V. Cobb to be postmaster at Smyrna, Ga., in place of .A.RKANSAS W. V. Cobb. Incumbent's commission expired April 17, 1926. Hiram S. Irwin to be postmaster at Clarendon, Ark., in place Clifton 0. Lloyd to be postmaster at Lindale, Ga., in place of of II. S. Invin. Incumbent's commission expires January 16, 0. 0. Lloyd. Incumbent's commis::;ion expired December 20, 1927. 192G. Leon E. Tennyson to be postmaster at Arkadelphia, Ark., in .Albert S. Hardy to be postmaster at Gainesville, Ga., in place place of L. E. Tennyson. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ of A.. S. Hardy. Incumbent's commission expires March 3, 1927. uary 16, 1927. William C. Cl1am1Jers to be postmaster at Fort Gaines, Ga., :Monroe J. Gogue to be postma::;ter at Rector, Ark., in place in place of W. C. Chambers. Incumbent's commission expire.s <>f M. J. Goguc. IncumiJent's commission expires January 16, January 29, 1927. 1927. James A. Griffin to be postmaster at Cordele, Ga., in place of 0. John Harkey, jr., to ue postmaster at Ola, .Ark., in place J. A. Griftln. Incumbent's collllllission expired Septemher 7, of 0. J. Harkey, jr. Incumbent's commission expires January 1926. 1G. 1927. . Robert H. Ridgway to be postmaster at Canon, Ga., in plnce Dennis M. Townsend to be postmaster at l\Iena, Ark., in place of R. H. Ri

ILLINOIS John F. Schoof to be postmaster nt Denver, Iowa, in place o:t Vernon G. Keplinger to be postmaster at Waverly; Ill., in J. F . Schoof. - Incumbent's commission expired December 28, place of V. G. Keplinger. Incumbent's commission expired 1926. . January 10, 1927. Jesse A. Barnes to be postmaster at Brooklyn, Iowa, in William F. Hemenway to be postmaster at Sycamore, Ill., in place of J. A. Barnes. Incumbent's commission expires Janu- place of W. F. Hemenway. Incumbent's commission expires ary 17, 1927. · · January 30, 1027. KANSAS Charles L. Tanner to be postmaster at Saunemin, Ill., in place Everett H. Cutbirth to be postmaster at Silver Lake, Kans., of C. L. Tanner. Incumbent's commission expires January 22, in place of C. 0. Cutbirth, deceased. 1927. Nettie M. Cox to be p~tmaster at Wellington, Kans., in Harold J. Henderson to be postmaster at Raymond, Ill., in place of N. M. Cox. Incumbent's commission expires January place of II. J. Henderson. Incumbent's commission expired 29, 1927. January 30, 1926. Rollie B. Terrill to be postmaster at Robinson, Kans., in John Lawrence, jr., to be postmaster at O'Fallon, Ill., in place place of ll. S. Bearg. Incumbent's commission expired January of John Lawrence, jr. Incumb€nt's commission expires Janu­ 23, 1924. ary 30, 1927. James M. Kersey to be postmaster at Parsons, Kans., in place Benjamin S. Price to be postmaster at Mount Morris, Ill., in of J. M. Kersey. Incumbent's commission expired December 4, place of B. S. Price. Incumbent's commission expires January 1926. 30, 1927. Frank H. Dieter to be postmaster at Oakhill, Kans., in place Margaret B. Heider to be postmaster at 1\finok, Ill., in place of F. H. Dieter. Incumbent's commission expires January 29, of l\L B. Heider. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, 1927. 1927. Elam Shaffstall to be postmaster at Luray, Kans., in place of John A. Dausmann to be postmaster at Lebanon, Ill., in place Elam Shaffstall. Incumbent's commission expired December 19, of J. A. Dausmann. Incumbent's commission expires January 1926. 30, 1!)27. Carl 0. Lincoln to be postmaster at Lindsborg, Kans., in place Roy F. Dusenbury to be postmaster at Kankakee, Ill., in place of C. 0. Lincoln. Incumbent's commission expires January 16, of R. F. Dusenbury. Incumbent's commission expired January 1927. 10, 1927. Gordon K. Logan to be postmaster at Kirwin, Kans., in Peter H. Conzet to be postmaster at Greenup, Ill., in place of place of G. K. Logan. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ · P. H. Conzet. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, ber 8, 1926. 1927. Charles H. Browne to be postmaster at Horton, Kans., in John J. Stowe to be postmaster at Girard, Ill., in place of J. J. place of C. H. Browne. Incumbent's commission expires Stowe. Incumbent's commission expired January 9, 1027. January 16, 1927. George J. Rohweder to be postmaster at Geneseo, Ill., in place William R. Waring to be postmaster at Hope, Kans., in place of G. J. Rohweder. Incumbent's commission expired January of W. R. Waring. Incumbent's commission expires January 13, 1927. 20, 1927. John J. Lord to be postmaster at Galva, Ill., in place of J. J. Albert H. Herman to be postmaster at Hiawatha, Kans., in Lord. Incumbent's commission expires January 22, 1927. place of A. H. Herman. Incumbent's commission expired Harry S. Farmer to be postmaster at Farmer City, Ill., in December 12, 1926. . place of H. S. Farmer. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ Frank H. Hanson to be postmaster at Haddam, Kans., in uary 30, 1927. place of .F. H. Hanson. Incumbent's commission expires Evelyn E. O'Brien to be postmaster at Amboy, Ill., in place of January 29, 1927. E. E. O'Brien. Incumbent's commission expires January 22, Delle Duncan to be postmaster at Esbon, Kans., in place 1927. of Delle Duncan. Incumbent's commission expired December INDIANA 8,-1!)26. Earl R. Hoyt to be postmaster at Pekin, Ind.; in place of H. C. Norman W. Nixon to be postmaster at Downs, Kans., in Littell, resigned. · place of N. W. Nixon. Incumbent's commission expired De­ Louis Pfefferle, jr., to be postmaster at National Military cember 8, 1926. Home, Ind., in place of J. R. Kelley, removed. William D. Hale to be postmaster at Dexter, Kans., in Orville B. Kilmer to be postmaster at Warsaw, Ind., in place place of W. D. Hale. Incumbent's commission expires · Jan­ of 0. B. Kilmer. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, uary 2!), 1927. 1927. Hester Goldsmith to be postmaster at Cheney, Kans., in George E. Jones to be postmaster at Peru, Ind., in place of place of Hester . Goldsmith. Incumbent's commission expires G. E. Jones. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, 1927. January 20, 1927. · Ralph W. Gaylor to be postmaster at Mishawaka, Ind., in Lewis Thomas to be postmaster nt Argonia, Kans., in place place of R. W. Gaylor. Incumbent's commission · expires Jan­ of Lewis Thomas. Incumbent's commission expires January uary 30, 1927. 29, 1927. Jesse E. Harvey to be postmaster at Markle, Ind., in place of Clark L. Porter to be postmaster at Blue Mound, Kans., in J. E. Harvey. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, place of C. L. Porter. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ 1927. uary 29, 1927. Garrett ,V. Gossard to be postmaster at Kempton, Ind., in KENTUCKY place of G. W. Gossard. Incumbent's commission expired June Walter Creech to be postmaster at Cumberland, Ky., in 24, 1926. place of G. H. Lawrence, removed. Hattie M. Craw to be postmaster at Jonesboro, Ind., in place of H. 1\:1. Craw. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, LOUISIANA 1927. ' Noah Wise to be postmaster at Woodworth, La., in place Morton Hefner to be postmaster at Delphi, Ind., in place of of N. M. Landrum, resigned. Morton Hefner. Incumbent's commission expired September Alexander E. Harding to be postmaster at Slidell, .La., in 22, 1926. place of A. E. Harding. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ Frank Lyon to be postmaster at Arcadia, Ind., in place of uary 15, 1927. Frank Lyon. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, Joe M. Henley to be postmaster at Selma, La., in place of 1927. \- S. 1\f. McCarty. Incumbent's commission expired July 1, 1926. IOWA Irma M. Perret to be p<)stmaster at Edgard, La., in place Gabriel L. Archer to be postmaster at St. Charles, Iowa, in of B. J. Jacob. Incumbent's commission expired l\larch H, place of G. L. Archer. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ 1926. ber 30, 1926. Edward K. Pitman to be postmaster at Northwood, Iowa, in MAINE place of Iver Iverson. Incumbent's commission expired 1\larch Cecil E. Sadler to be postmaster at Limerick, 1\ie., in place 24, 1926. of A. A. Swasey, removed. Henry H. Gilbertson to be postmaster at Lansing," Iowa, in Michael J. Kennedy to be postmaster at Woodland, 1\Ie., in place of H. H. Gilbertson. Incumbent's commission expires place of l\1. J. Kennedy. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ January 30, 1927. uary 30, 1927. Lorenzo D. Howorth to be postmaster at Dunlap, Iowa, in Jesse B. Crosby to be postmaster at Dennysville, 1\Ie., ·-in place of L. D. Howorth. Incumbent's commission expt,:es place of J. B. Crosby. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ January 17, 1927. ber 4, 1926.

• 1656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA_TE J .AJ.~U.ARY 14,

MARYLAND Charles J. Kappler to be postmaster at Port Austin, Mich., Hobart B. Noll to be postmaster at Woodstock, Md., tn In place of C. J. Kappler. Incumbent's commission expires place of H. B. Noll. Incumbent's commission expires January January 30, 1927. 10, '1927. . Arthur Locke to be postmaster at Middleton, :Mich., in place E'rnest ,V. Pickett to be postmaster ·at Woodbine, Md., 1n of Arthur Locke. Incumbent's commission expired Decembel"l place of E. W. Pickett. Incumbent's commission expired De­ 4, 1920. . . cember 14, 1926. Carl A. Anderson to be postmaster at Menominee, Mich., in Elias N. McAlli:::;ter _to be postmaster at Vienna, Md., in place of C. A. Anderson. Incumbent's commission expil·es place of E. N. McAllister. Incumbent's c<>mmission expired January 17, 1927. December 14, 1926. Ira J. Stephens to be postmaster at 1\fendon, l\1ich., in place o~ Harry L. Feeser to be p<)Stmaster at Taneytown, 1\fd., in I. J. Stephens. Incumbent's commissiQn expires January 30, place of H. L. Feeser. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ 1927. ber 14, 1926. Ernest A. Densmore to be postmaster at Mason, Mich., 1n William Melville to be postmaster at Sykesville, Md., in place of E. A. Densmore. Incumbent's commission expires place of William Melville. Incumbent's commission expired January 30, 1927. Decem her 14, 1926. Herbert E. Ward to be postmaster at Bangor, Mich., in place Milton D. Reid to be postmaster at New ·windsor, l\ld., in of H. E. Ward. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, 1927. place of M. D. Reid. Incumbent's commission e~pired December 14, 1926. MINNESOTA FJlwood L. 1\fUITay to be postmaster at Hampstead, M:d., in Gustav 0. Schlick to be postmaster at Lucan, 1\Iinn., in place place of E. L. Murray. Incumbent's commission expired De­ of Ida Dickerson, resigned. cember 14, 1926. Edward Odberg to be postmaster at Kettle River, Minn. George 1\1. Evans to be postmaster at Elkton, 1\Id., in place of Office became presidential July 1, 1926. G. 1\1. Evans. Incumbent's commission expired January 8, 1927. Wilson W. Wright to be postmaster at Cromwell, Minn. Thoi:nas B. Griffith to be postmaster at Cockeysville, Md., in Office became presidential July 1, 1926. place of T. B. Griffith. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ Frank H. Wherland to be postmaster at Welcome, Minn., in ary 16, 1927. place of F. II. Wherland. Incumbent's commission expires H. Vincent Flook to be postmaster nt Boonsboro, Md., in place January 29, 1927. ·of H. V. Flook. Incumbent's commission expired January 4. Almer B. Nelson to be postmaster at Warren, Minn., in place 1927. of A. n. Nelson. Incumbent's commission expired December MASSACHUSETTS 4, 1026. George H. Lachman to be postmaster at Winchester, Mass., John P. Paulson to be postmaster at Two Harbors, Minn., in ,in place of G. H. Lochman. Incumbent's commission expires • place of J. P. Paulson. Incumbent's commission expired Feb- January 31, 1927. ruary 7, 1926. William K. Kaynor to be postmaster at Springfield, Mass., in 1\Iae A. Lovestrom to be postmaster at Stephen, Minn., in place of ,V. K. Kaynor. Incumbent's commission expires Janu- place of ;M. A. J;;ovestrom. Incumbent's commission expired ary 31, 1927. December 16, 1926. Robert H. Howes to be postmaster at Sonthboro Mass. in John Schmelz to be postmaster at Springfield, Minn., in place place of R. II. Howes. Incumbent's commission expires J~nu- of John Schmelz. Incumbent's commission expires January 25, ary 31, 1927. 1927. Albert P~erce to be postmaster at Salem, Mass., in place of George L. Chesley to be postmaster· at Pipestone, Minn., in Albort Pierce. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, place of G. L. Chesley. Incumbent's commission expires Jan- 1927. uary 15, 1027. . Thomas Smith to be postmaster at North Grafton Mass. 1n Kate M. Slmbert to be postmaster at Hastings, Minn., in place of Tllomas Smith. Incumbent's commission expires J~riu- place of K. l\f. Shubert. Incumbent's commission expires Jan- ary 16, 1927. uary 25, 1927. · John H. Baker to be postmaster at Marlboro, Mass. in place Edwin Mattson to be postmaster at Breckenridge, Minn., in of J. H. Baker. Incumbent's commission expires Ja~uary 16, :Place of Edwin Mattson. Incumbent's commission expired De- 1927. cember 27, 1920. Edmuml Spencer to be postmaster at Lenox, Mass., in place Henry H. Lukken to be po~tmaster. a~ Boyd, Minn., in place of Edmund Spencer. Incumbent's commission expires January of II. II. Lukken. Incumbents commlSSlon expires January 25, 24, 1927. 1027. Charles E. Goodhue to be postmaster at Ipswich, 1\Iass., in MISSISSIPPI place of C. E. Goodhue. Incumbent's commission expires Jan- Nettie Ditsworth to be postmaste~ at Lucedale, 1\Iiss., in place ua.ry 31, 1027. · of J. A. DeMonbrun, removed. Carl D. Thatcher to be postmaster at Housatonic, Mass., in place of C. D. Thatcher. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ MISSOURI uary 16, 1927. Harris L. Fox to be postmaster at Willaru, Mo. Office "be- Augustus J. Formhals to be postmaster at Erving, Mass., in came presidential July 1, 1926. · · place of A. J. Formllals. Incumbent's commission expired De­ Prentiss H. Percifull to be postmaster at Cowgill, Mo., in cember 4, 1926. place of I. N. Parrish, resigned. - Joseph E. Herrick to be postmaster at Beverly, Mass., in FeHx J. Boesche to be postmaster at Unionville, Mo., in place· place of J. E. Herrick. Incumbent's commission e:xph·es Jan- of L. l\1. Robbins. Incumbent's commission expired I!'ebruary . nary 31, 1027. 2, 1926. . Clarence E. Deane to be postmaster at Athol, Mass., in place Harvey H. Fluhart to be postmaster a,t Stewartsville, 1\.lo., in ·of C. E. Denne. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, place of H. H. Jfluhart. Incumbent's commiss~on expired Sep­ 1027. tember 12, 1926. MIOHIGAN Clara S. Beck to be postmaster at Norborne, Mo., in place of William J. Putnam to be postmaster at Goodrich, Mich. C. S. Beck. Incumbent's commission expired December 8, 1926. Office became presidential July 1, 1920. Heury C. Brantley to be postmaste~ at Newtown, :\Io., in Homer L. Allard to be postmaster at Sturgis, Mich., in place place of H. C. Brantley. Incumbent's commission expireu -of H. L. Allard. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, September 2, 1926. 1927. Robert F. Stalling to be postmaster at Lexington, Mo., in Charles A . .Jordan to be postmaster at Saline, Mich., in place place of R. F. Stalling. Incumbent's commission expired Janu- of C. A. Jordan. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, ary 4, 1927. . 1927. Floyd 0. King to be postmaster at Leasburg, Mo., in plnce of . Frank B. Honsel to be postmaster at St. Louis, Mich., in F. 0. .King. Incumbent's commission expired September 22, place of ·F. B. Housel. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ 1926. unry 22, 1927. Walter C. Haferkamp to be postmaster at Augusta, 1\Io., in : · Chnrles H. Dodge to be postmaster ·at Romeo, Mich., in place place of W. C. Haferl\:amp. Incumbent's commissi9n expired of C. II. Dodge. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, 1927. . . March 8, 1926, Dorr A. Rosencrans ·to be postmaster at Reed Clty, Mich., MONT.ANA. in place of D. A. Rosencrans. Incumbent's commission expires John B. Goodman to be postmaster at Gildford, Mont~ Office January 30, 1927. became presidenti~l July 1, 1926.

• 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1657 Arthur C. Baker to· be postmaster at Hamilton, Mont., in Sister l\1ary M. McCue to be postmaster at Gabriels, N. Y., place of A. C. Baker. Incumbent's commission expires January in place of Sister 1\I. l\1. McCue. Incumbent's commission ex­ 30, 1927. pires January 25, 1927. John M. Bever to be postmaster at Bridger, Mont., in place of Wade E. Gayer to be postmaster at Fulton, N. Y., in place J. 1\1. Bever. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, 1927. , of W. E. Gayer. Incumbent's commission expires January 24, NEBRASKA 1027. Otto Dau to be postmaster at Yutan, Nebr, in place of Otto · Max J. Lahr to be postmaster at Fillmore, N. Y., in place of Dau. Incumbent's commission expires January 17, 1927. M. J. Lahr. Incumbent's conimi:ssion expires January 31, 1927. Herbert C. Wilkinson to be postmaster at 'Veeping Wa~er, NORTH CAROLINA Nebr., in place of H. C. Wilkinson. Incumbent's commissiOn Lucy B. Hofler to be postmaster at Sunbury, N. C., in place expires January 31, 1927. of J. E. Corbitt, removed. Ross L. Douglas to be postmaster at Litchfield, Nebr., in R. Jennings White to be postmaster at Conway, N. C. Office place of H. E. Mallory. Incumbent's commission expired July became presidential July 1, 1926. 18, 1926. . Anna M. Gibson to be postmaster at Gibson, N. C., in place of Elmer E . Gockley to be postmaster at Edison, Nebr., m place W. Z. Gibson. Incumbent's commission expired September 22, of E. E. Gockley. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, 1926. 1927. Joseph K. 1\lason to be postmaster at Durham, N. 0., in place Sturley T. Stevens to be postmaster at Comstock, Nebr., of J. K. Mason. Incumbent's commission expires January 25, in place of S. T. Stevens. Incumbent's commission expired De· 1927. cember 22, 1926. William R. Freshwater to be postmaster at Burlington, N. C., NEW HAMPSHIRE in pla'Ce of J. G. King. Incumbent's commission expired James R. Kill Kelley to be postmaster at Wil~on, N. H., in December 21, 1926. place of J. R. Kill Kelley. Incumbent's commission expires NORTH DAKOTA January 30, 1927. Harlie A. Cole to be postmaster at Groveton, N. H., in place _ Hazel Marking to be postmaster at Scranton, N. Dak., in of H. A. Cole. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, place of S. B. 1\Iarking, deceased. Gus W. Hokanson to be postmaster at Fort Yates, N. Dak. 1927. . Josie L. Pascoe to be postmaster at Chocorua, N. H., m place Office became presidential July 1, 192G. of J. L. Pascoe. Incumbent's commission expired March 20, Odin Stompro to be postmaster at Columbus, N.Dak., in place ofT. G. Peterson, removed. 1926. NEW JERSEY Fred E. Ackermann to be postmaster at Wishek, N. Dak., in place of F. E. Acl.:ermann. Incumbent's commission expires Richard w. Rosenbaum to be postmaster at Sea Isle City, January 25, 1927. N. J., in place of J. T. Chapman, deceased. . -. Josephine l\1. Lierboe to be postmaster at Turtle Lake, N. William R. l\iayer to be postmaster at Cresskill, N. J., m Dak., in place of A. T. Anderson. Incumbent's commi~sion place of Mary llanfmann, failed to qualify. expired November 22, 1925. Hillis K. Colkitt to be postmaster at Vincentown, N. J., in Flora Bangasser to be postmaster at Norma, N. Dak., in place of H. K. Colkitt. Incumbent's commission expired place of Flora Bangasser. Incumbent's commission expired March 13, 1926. September 22, 192G. Thomas F. Zettlemoyer to be postmaster at Sewaren, N. J., Martin H. Weber to be postmaster at New Leipzig, N. Dak., in place of T. F. Zettlemoyer. Incumbent's commission expired in place of M. H. Weber. Incumbent's commission expired December 28, 1926. May 4, 1926. Geor"'e I. Harvey to be postmaster at Palmyra, N.J., in place Marion C. Houser to be postmaster at Napoleon, N. Dak., of G. t Harvey. Incumbent's commission expires January 15, in place of 1\1. C. Houser. Incumbent's commission expires un . January 29, 1927. John Rotherham to be postmaster at Jersey City, N. J., m Burt E. Stewart to be postmaster at Minot, N. Dak., in place of John Rotherham. Incumbent's commission eXI>ires place of B. E. Stewart. Incumbent's commission expired March 2, 1927. Decem bcr 22, 1926. NEW MEXICO Helen J. Beaty to lJe postmaster at Manning, N. Dak, in Pearl B. Grady to lJe postmaster at Texico, N. 1\Iex., in place place of H. J. Beaty. Incumbent's commission expired Janu- of H. H. De Lozier. Incumbent's commission expired June 3, ary 20, 1926. . 1926. George Hummel to be postmaster at Gackle, N. Dak., in NEW YORK '[llace of George Hummel. Incumbent's commission expired William S. Finney to be postmaster at Cayuga, N. Y. OffiC!e September 22, 192G. became presidential July 1, 1926. Charles E. 'Vatkins to be postmaster at Dunseith, N. Dak., Sarah M. Todd to be postmaster at Castle Point, N. Y. Office in place of W. E. Wright. Incumbent's commission expired became presidential July 1, 1926. January 20, 1026. Henry Neddo to be postmaster at Whitehall, N. Y., in place OHIO of Henry Neddo. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, Walter W. Wiant to be postmaster at St. Paris, Ohio, 1927. in place of W. W. Wiant. Incumbent's commission expires William H. Young to be postmaster at Voorheesville, N. Y., January 29, 1927. in place of W. H. Young. Incumbent's commission expired William II. Harsha to be postmaster at Portsmouth, Ohio, in August 12, 1926. place of ,V. H. Harsha. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ Thomas S. Spear to be postmaster at Sinclairville, N. Y., in ary 12, 1927. place ofT. S. Spear. Incumbent's commission expires january Allen E. Young to be postmaster at Medina, Ohio, in place of 31, 1927. . . A. E. Young. Ineumbent's commission expired December 22, . F. Wallace Doying to be postmaster at Scarboro, N. Y., m 192G. place of H. L. Parker. Incumbent's commission expired June William H. Hunt to be postmaster at Mechanicsburg, Ohio, in 17, 1926. place of W. H. Hunt. IneurnbE:mt's commission expired J..anu- Stuart W. Smyth to be postmaster at Owego, N. Y., in place ary 10, 1927. . of S. ,V. Smyth. Incumbent's commission expired January 12, Mary E. Ross to be postmaster at Lebanon, Ohio, in place of 1927. M. E. Ross. Incumbent's commission expires January 29, 1927. Chnrles A. Gaylord to be postmaster at North Tonawanda, John W. McCoy to be postmaster at Barberton, Ohio, in N. Y., in place of C. A. Gaylord. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of J. W. McCoy. Incumbent's commission expired De­ pires January 31, 1927. cember 4, 192G. Henry S. Whitney to be postmaster at Manlius, N. Y., in place of H. S. Whitney. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ OKLAHOMA ary 31, 1927. Estella Sahland to be postmaster at Locust Grove, Okla., in George F. Yaple to be postmaster at Loch Sheldrake, N. Y., place of J. T. Webb, resigned. in place of G. F. Yaple. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ Murray 1\I. Adams to be postmaster at Denoya, Okla., in ary 31, 1927. place of Earl Leeper, removed. George W. Van Hyning to be postmaster at Hoosick Falls, George Logsdon to be postmaster at Taloga, Okla., in place N. Y., in place of G. W. Van Hyning. Incumbent's commission of George Logsdon. Incumbent's commission expires January expired December 28, 192G. 31, 1927. 1658. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ S]JN~~E JANUARY 14

Thomas W. Kelly to be postmaster at Stillwater, Okla., in TEXAS place of T. W. Kelly. Incumbent's commission expireS Janu­ Albert E. Newman to be postmaster at Texas City, Tex., in ary 31, 1927. place of A. E. Newman. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ William A. Peters to be postmaster at Sallisaw, Okla., in ary 25, 1927. place of W. A. Peters. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ Edward N. Mulkey to be postmaster at Sherman, Tex., in ary 21, 1926. place of E. N. Mulkey. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ Hubbard A. Babb to be postmaster at Hugo, Okla., in place ary 17, 1927. of H. A. Babb. Incumbent's commission expires January 31, Nathaniel B. Spearman to be postmaster at Mount Pleasant, 1927. Tex., in place of N. B. Spearman. Incumbent's commission Effie J. Malone to be postmaster at Harrah, Okla., in place expires January 29, 1927. of E. J. l\falone. Incumbent's commission expired December Jackson E . Brannen to be postmaster at Littlefield, Tex., in 12, 1926. place of W. J. Wade. Incumbent's commission expired March Ward Guffy to be postmaster at Cleveland, Okla., in place 23, 1926. - of Ward Guffy. Incumbent's commission expired December 20, Rufus H. Windham to be postmaster at Kirbyville, Tex., in 1926. . place of R. H . Windham. Incumbent's commission expires FENNSYLVA.NIA January 29, 1927. Maude McCracken to be postmaster at Volant, Pa., in place Adah L. Ridenhower to be postmaster at Hico, Tex., in place of J. l\f. Graham, resigned. of A. L. Ridenhower. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ Floyd A. Hellyer to be postmaster at CranesvHle, Pa. Office ary 25, 1927. became presidential July 1, 1926. Stanley F. Labus to be postmaster at Falls City, Tex., in Bess L. Thomas to be postmaster at New Bethlehem, Pa., in place of S. F. Labus. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ place of B. L. Thomas. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ ber 22, 1926. ary 22, 1927. John A. Weyand to be postmaster at Carmine, Tex., in place Thomas J. Morgan to be postmaster at Nanticoke, Pa., in of J. A. Weyand. Incumbent's commission expired January place ofT. J. Morgan. Incumbent's commission expired Decem­ 12, 1927; ber 4, 1926. UTAH. William H. Young to be postmaster at McDooald, Pa., i~ Joseph B. 'Vright to be postmaster at Midvale, Utah, in place. place of. ,V. H. Young. Incumbent's commission expires Janu­ of J. B. Wright. Incumbent's commission expires January ary 22, 1927. 25, 1927. Daniel 1\I. Saul to be postmaster at· Kutztown, Pa., in place John A. Call to be postmaster at Bountiful, Utah, in place of D. M. Saul. Incumbent's commission expires January 22, of J. A. Oall. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, 1927. 1927. . Edward A. P. Christley to be postmaster at Ellwood City, John E. Chadwick to be postmaster at American Fork, Utah, Pa., in place of E. A. P. Christley. Incumbent's commission in place of J . E. Chadwick. Incumbent's commission expired expires January 30, 1927. December 16, 1926. Ida M. Mingle to be postmaster at Birmingham, Pa., in place Herschel E. Calderwood to be postmaster at Coalville, Utah, of I. M. Mingle. Incumbent's commission expired January 8, in place of H. E. Calderwood. Incumbent's commission expired 1927. December 16, 1926. SOUTH DAKOTA VIBGINI.A Frank E. Stephan to be postmaster at Tolstoy, S. Dak., in Eugene 0. Geary to be postmaster at Woodstock, Va., in place of P. H. Bitzer, removed. place of E. C. Geary. Incumbent's commission expires Jan­ Clarence I. Hougen to be postmaster at Wilmot, S. Dak., in uary 22, 1927. place of C. I. Hougen. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ Campbell Slemp to be postmaster· at Wise, Va., in place of nary 9, 1927. Campbell Slemp. Incumbent's commission expired December Mathias D. Eide to be postmaster at Howard, S. Dak., in 19, 1926. place of M.. D. Eide. · Incumbent's commission expired Septem­ Jacob H. Furr to be postmaster at Waynesboro, Va., in place ber 22, 1926. of J. H . Furr. Incumbent's commission expired December 19, Frank Den Beste to be postmaster at Corsica, S. Dak., in 1926. place of Frank Den Beste. Incumbent's comm.ission expires Everett l\1. Berrey to be DOstmaster at Luray, Va., in place of January 29, 1927. E. M. Berrey. Incumbent's commission expires January 22, George E . Conrick to be postmaster at Chamberlain, S. Dak., 1927. in place of G. E . Conrick. Incumbent's commission expires· Gatewood L. Schumaker to be postmaster at Covington, Va., January 29, 1927. in place of G~ L. Schumaker. Incumbent's commission expires Evert D. Law to be postmaster at Bonestell, S. Dak., in place January 25, 1927. of E. D. Law. Incumbent's commission. expires January 29, John R. Yates to be postmaster at Brookneal, Va., in place 1927. of J. R. Yates. I!J.cumbent's commission expires Ja!luary 26, TENNESSEE 1927. Mrs. Reece E. Rogers to be postmaster at Pressmen's Home, James C. Beatty to be postmaster at Bluemont, Va., in place of J. E. Lewis,· Incumbent's commission expired February 14, Tenn., in place of W. 1\1. Rogers, de~eased . l\fichel K. Freeman to be postmaster at Westmoreland, Tenn., 1924. in place of M.. K. Freeman. Incumbent's commission expires W ASHINOTON January 30, 1927. Orien L. Renn to be postmaster at Touchet, Wash., in place Robert 0. Greene to be postmaster at Troy, Tenn., in place of of 0. L. Renn. Incumbent's commission expired September 20, R. 0 . Greene. Incumbent's commission expires January 16, 1926. 1927. WEST VIRGINIA ._ Simon C. Dodson to be postmaster at Sparta, Tenn., in place Curtis K. Stem to be postmaster at Weirton, W. Va., in place of S. C. Dodson. Incumbent's commission expires January 30, of C. K. Stem. Incumbent's commission expired January 9, 1927. 1927. . Charles K. Metcalf to be postmaster at National Sanatorium, Nell Bennett to be postmaster at Pickens, W. Va., m place of Tenn., in place of C. K. Metcalf. Incumbent's commission ex- A. w. Ewing. Incumbent's commission expired March ~4, 1926. pires January 16, 1927. _ Thomas C. Scott to be postmaster at Philippi, W. Va., m place John H. Wilson to be postmaster at Kingston, Tenn.:, in place of T. Sco~t. Incumbent's comm~ssion expired January 13, of J . .H. Wilson. Incumbent's commission expires January 16, c. 27 1927. b 11 i 19Claude· W. Harris to be postmaster at K1m. a , w~ Va., n Alvin M. Stout to be postmaster at Greenfield, Tenn., in place place of C. W. Harris. Incumbent's commission expired August 16, of A. M. Stout. Incumbent's commission expires January 10, 1926. . 1927. E Chase Bare to be postmaster at Alderson, W . Va., m Norman Massa to be postmaster at Cookevllle, Tenn.• in place plac'e of E. C. Bare. Incumbent's commission expires January of Norman Massa. Incumbent's commission expires January 20, 1927. 16, 1927. WISCONSIN Douglas B. Hill to be postmaster at Collierville, Tenn., in place of R. D. Wil~on. Incumbent's commission expired March LeRoy Winters to be postmaster at Twin Lakes, Wis. Office 24, 1926. became presidential July 1, 1926. 1927 CONGR.ESSION. AL RJDCORD-HOUSE. 11659 Charles R. noskie to be postmaster at Montello, Wis., in CONFIRMATIONS place of Charles Brown, deceased. Hil!coutive nomi,nat-ions 001l·fl·rmed by the Senate Jan-uary1J,, 1931 Lester C. Porter to lJe postmaster at Fontana, Wis. Office lJecnme presidential July 1, 1926. UNITED STATES ATTORNEY 1\lnthias ll~. Adler to be postmaster at 'Vaunakee, Wis., in Thomas J. Sparks to be United States attorney for the west­ place of l\I. F. Adler. Incumbent's commission expired Sep­ ern district of Kentucky. tember 22, 1926. REGISTER OF THI!: LAND OFFICE Oscar C. 'Vertheimer to be postmaster at Watertown, Wis., Albert G. Stubblefield to be register of the land office at in place of 0. C. "rertheimer. Incumbent's commission ex- Pueulo, Colo. pires 1\Iarch 2, 1927. · POSTMASTERS Benjamin Y. Hallock to be postmaster at Verona, Wis., in ILLI TOIS placE.' of J. P. l\Iatts. Incumbent's commission expired l\farch Jesse E. l\-liller, Cairo. 7, 1!)26. Orville L. Davis, Champaign. John l\1. Albers to lJe postmaster at Thiensville, Wis., in Henry ,V. Rchwartz, Dupo. place of J. l\1. AllJers. IncumlJent's commission expired Sep­ Hf.'nry E. Farnam, Pa wuee. temlJe.r 12, 1926. Hilary L. llae::;sly to be postmaster at Theresa, Wis., in Hobert H. Christen, Pecatonica. place of H. L. Haes::lly. Incumbent's commission expired Au­ MIOIIIGAN g·ust 12, 1926. Leroy l\I. Guinniss, Algonac. Alice "' fl. Clinton to lJe postmaster at Sulliv-an, Wis., in place .John J. Ellis, jr., Calumet. of A. l.\1. Clinton. Incumbent's commil:lsion expired August 12, Ida L. Sherman, Pullman. 1926. MIS~OURI Margaret E. Glassow to lJe postmaster at Schofield, Wis., in Emanuel S. LawlJaugh, St. Marys. place of l\1. E. Glassow. Incumbent's commission expired Sep- tember 22, 1!)26. . SOUTH DAKOTA Clytie Gei~er to be postmaster at Rothschild, Wis., in place Solomon Hoy, Fort Pierre. of Clytie Geiger. IncumlJent's commission expired August 12, Gunnell l\1. Gorder, Frederick. 1!)26. Benjamin R. Stone, Lead. Emile Kientz to be postmaster at Reeserille, Wis., in place of Clarence A. Carlson, Philip. Emile Kientz. IncumlJent's commis~ion expired August 14, l\fntt Flavin, Sturgis. 1926. TE~NESSEE Allen W. "Wiggin to lJe postmaster at Plymouth, Wis., in Gordon P. Hyatt, Ducktown. place of A. W. 'Viggin. IncumlJent's commission expired August Gertrude Jamison, Millington. 12, 1926. Josf.'ph l\1. Patterson, Wntertown. Alice E. Ford to lJe postmaster at Pelican Lake, Wis., in place WISCONSIN of A. E, Ford. Incumbent's commission expired August 24. Lyle H. Nolop, Alma Center. 1925. Ora C. Thompson, Argyle. Orris 0. Smith to be postmaster at Pardeeville, Wis., in place Peter E. Korb, Boyd. of 0. 0. Smith. Incumbent's commission expired August 12, Otto C. Nienas, Camp Douglas. 1!)26. Imogene Croghan, Cascade. George W. Taft to ue postmaster at Necedah, Wis., in place Edwin H. Jost, Cleveland. of G. W. Taft. Incumbent's commission expired September 22. Pnul l\Ilodzik, Cudahy. 1926. Joseph W. Jacobson, Dane. l\larinus Jensen to lJe postmaster at l\fountain, Wis., in place Annie E. Nelson, Dresser Junction. of l.\Iarinus Jensen. Incumbent's commission expired December Anna J. J ohmwn, Fairwater. 19, 1926. Gerrit J. Yredeveld, Frie::;lnnd. Earle R. Schilling to lJe postmaster at l\llnocqua, Wis., in William Kotv-i~, Hillsboro. place of E. R. Schilling. Incumbent's commis~ion expired Sep­ Olarence J. Fieweger, Kimberly. tember 22, 1!)26. Ethel F. Pilgrim, Menomonee Falls. 'Vinford Suits to l>e postmaster at l\ledford, ·wis., in place Edward Y. Snider, l\losinee. of Winford Suits. Incumbent's commission expired September Charles S. Brent, Oconomowoc. 15, 1926. Herman Graskamp, Oostburg. GillJert J. Grell to be postmaster at Johnson Creek, 'Vis., in Henry F. Delles, Port Washington. place of G. J. Grell. Incumbent's commission expired Aug:ust Otto A.. Olson, Star Prairie. .. 12, 1926. Louis C. Currier, Stoughton. Lewis l\f.. Smith to l>e postmaster at Jeffer~on, Wis .. in place Hall L. Brook~, Tomahawk. of L. M. Smith. IncumlJent's commi~sion expired August 12, 1926. . Andrew J. Bosch to lJe postmaster at Gratiot, Wis., in plnce WITHDRAWAL of A. J. Bosch. IncumlJent's commission expired April 7, 1926. E~Cooutive nominaf'ion wi-thd1·a-wn from the Senate January 1!,, Elsie 0. Barnes to lJe postma~ter at Frienuship, Wis., in 19Bi Illace of E. 0. Bnrnes. Incuml>f.'nt·s commission expired Sep­ POSTMASTER t ember 12, 1!)26. George A. Potter to he postmaster at Fort Atkinson, Wis., in WEST \IRGINIA place of G. A. Potter. Incumbent's commission expired August Hobert Paruell to l>e postmnstf.'r at Stirrat, in the State of 12, 1!)26. We~t YirginiR. Clara M. Johnson to l>e postmaster at Ettrick, Wi~ .• in place of C. l\1. Johnson. Incumbent··s commis··ion ex}lired Decemucr HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 19. 1926. Grace E. Skinner to be po~tmnster at Endeavor, \\.. is., in place FRIDAY, Jan'l.lary 14, 19'27 of Ella Gothompson. IncumlJent's commission expired l\lny 3, The Hou. e met at 12 o'elock noon, and was c.:alled to order 1!)26. lJy the Rpeaker. Grant E. Denison to be postmaster at Carrollville, Wis., in The Chaplain, nev-. James ~hera Montgomery, D. D., offered pla<:e of G. E. Denison. Incumbent's commis~ion expired July the following prayer: 26, 1926. Clarence B. Jensen to lJe postmaster at. Cambridge, 'Vis., in Father in heaven, for the lJirth of eYery day we bless Thee; place of C. B. Jensen. IncumlJenfs commission expired Decem- for every hope that makes life worth while we praise Thee. uer 19 1926. '.rl'Uly, in Thee we find our re ~'t and full security. Thy provi- Jos~ph R. Fro.-t to be postmaster at Avoca, Wis., in place le. of J. R. Frost. Inemnbent's commission expired July 26, 1926. 0~, ma;r It nev-er I;>e ov-erlo?ke~ or underv!llued. FI~l our liyes John S. Farrell to ue postmaster at Green Bay, Wis., in place w1th ~Ighty meamng and msptre .them with a pulsmg passwn of J. S. Farrell. Incumbent's commission expired January 3 to realize it. The Lord most graciously look upon our country 1927. · ' Ivdth great fav-or. BlesR all institutions that help men and that William w. Wiuche~ter to he postmaster at Amery, Wis., in make him worthier as Thy child. Amen. place of W. W. 'Vinchester. Incumbent's commission expires The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was rend nnd January 29, 1927. approved. 1660 CON GRESSION A.L RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 14

TREASURY A:ND rOST OFFICE .APPROPRU.TION BlLL distinguished colleague of bis, from whom he draws wisdom Mr. · V ARE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take at the other end of the Capitol, and I am sure their combined from the· Speaker's table the bill (II. U. 14557) making appro­ voices will be heard in every Latin-American Republic and in priations for tllc 'l,reasury and Post Office Departments for the every other sore svot tlll'oughout tbe world. :fisc:il year enuing June 30, 1928, with Senate amendments, dis­ It is my duty to the constituency which I represent to enter agree to all ij)e Senate amendments, antatement of the honorable gentleman gains added power amendments, and ask for a conference. Is there objection? for er"il, because certain distinguh;hed gentlemen on the .Demo­ There was no objection. cratic side have introduced resolutions which rest upon the The SPEAl\::ER. The Clerk will report the bill by title. assumption that the statement is true. It looks now as if there 'l,he Clerk read as follows : ~. · were a concerted and conscious intention ann the Columbia River between Longview, 'Vash., and Rainier, provided, the bridge thereafter shall be maintained and operateu free Oreg. The Committee on ]nterstate and Foreign Commerce of of tolls, or the rates of toll shall be so adjusted as to provide a fund the House by formal action authorized the chaii·man or anyone not to exceed the amount necessary for. the proper care, repair, main­ whom he designates to move to· call up 'this bill. - tenance'; anu operation of the bridge and its approaches. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois ·calls up the SEc. 6. The right to sell, assign, transfer, and mortgage all the bill S. 3804, which the Clerk will I'eport. rights, 'powers, and privileges conferred by this act is hereby granted The Cle1·k read the bill, as follows: to the said W. D. Comer and WeEer between the points of unanimous consent that during the time which I yield out of Long View, 1Vash., and Rainier, Oreg. The Columbia River is my own time to gentlemen they may be permitted to present 'the second largest navigable l'iver in the United States, Recond amendments, not to exceed two, as I understand. only to the l\IissisBippi River. The bill, among other thing~. Mr. SINNOTT. Oh, yes; there are others, but they are short. provides that the plans and specifications of tlle bridge must The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman mean .amendments be submitted to a commission compo~ed of three Secretarie!-l, shall be voted on during the time occupied hereafter? those of War, of Agriculture, aud of Commerce, who shall pasR Mr. DENISON. No; my unanimous-consent reqi1est is that upon the heights and clearances of the bridge. The bill pro­ they may offer amendments during the time allowed for infor­ vides for the collection of tolls uy these priYate individualH. mation of the Hou. e during the time I . yield to them, and not It also provides for a recapture clause that llas ueen ~tandarfl­ for the purpose of >oting on them. ized by the committee in this session of Congre::;s. Now, I Mr. DOWELL. And the gentleman not yielding the floor? want to call the attention of the House to the phy:-:ical prop­ Mr. DENISON. At the close of the debate I shall move erties and the surrounding <.:ircumstances in and around the the preyious question on the bill and all amendments. Columbia Ri>er and the city of Portland and Multnomah County, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois asks unani- Oreg., which I have the honor and privilege to represent here, , mous consent that durin~ the time that he yields of his own and that portion of the territory known as the Columbia River hour to gentlemen they mny be permitted to offer and discuss llasin, with its 275,000 square miles of area, which tak<'S thiR amendments, the amendments to be voted on at the conclusion legislation out of the classification of the ordinary bridge hill of the hour, the gentleman from Illinois to retain the floor. which comes here for consideration and are passed in job lotc;; Is there objection? on consent days in the H'>uE~e. The city of Portland was the Mr. CHINDBLOM. Mr. Speaker, reser\ing the right to ob­ pioneer in the development of that river. Had it not been for ject. the amendments will be r·ffcred, of course, under the usual the city of Portland there would not have been any channel rules in reference to germaneness ami othet· points of order to-day from Portland to the sea. · that may be raised against them. The city of Longview, backed by the Long-Bell Co., of Kansas The SPEAKER. Certainly. Is there objection to the re­ City, Mo., the real party in interest, now proposes to build a quest of the gentleman from Illinois? [After a pause.] The bridge half-way between Portland and the Pacific Ocean :;;pan­ Chair hears none. ing the Columbia River, and my people at home are justified Mr. DENISON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the and have been justified in asking for a participation in the gentlemnn from Oregon [Mr. CRUMPACKER]. construction of this bridge. Mr. CRUMPACKER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent That is why this amendment is offered. I mean to cast no that I be notified when 10 minutes have expired. I ask unani­ reflection on the ability, the integrity, and the honesty of pur­ mous consent to revise and extend my remarks. po~e · of the Secretaries named in this blll ; but when a com­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The munity like the city of Portland, which has expended $28,000,000 Chair hears none. in opening and maintaining the river channel from Portland Mr. CRUMPACKER. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following to the sea and in construction of shipping facilities, and wllen amendment. the Federal Government has expended $22,000,000 for this The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendment. purpose, we believe that not only the interests of Portland but Mr. CRUMPACKER. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the of the entire uplying country, which will be jeopardized in House, this is not an o1·dinary bridge controversy. I now case any possible obstruction is put across the river, are entitled desire to offer an amendment to section 1 of the bill, which to consideration. I will ask the Clerk to read. Gentlemen of the House, I wish you to take into considera­ tion the amendment. What do we propose here? We propo&~ Amendment submitted by l\lr. CRUMPACKER: Aud at the end of sec­ that if the Secretary finds the plans and specifications are not tion 1 the following: "Pt·o1:ided, Should the State Ilighway Commis· sion of Oregon, or the State Highway Commission of Washington, or · satisfactory to the State Highway Commis~don of Oregon or of . any municipal corpor.J.tion, or any port commission of either the State Washington or of the city of Portland or any other municipal ' of Oregon or the State of Washington be dLqsatisfied with the deci­ body in either State, they can protest against the ruling and sion of the Secretaries of War, Agriculture, and Commerce relative to submit additional plans and specification increasing tlle height the height or the clearance or any other detail of the bridge permitted and clearances and pay tlle additional cost which will result therefrom. to be constructed under the terms of this act, and should saitl highway commissioners, municipal corporations, or port commissions, either Can anything be fairer than that? Tllat payment is to be jointly or severally, protest against the decision rendered, and agree public donation for a vublic benefit. That is the sense of the to pay the amount of money neces!'ary to .increase the height, or the amendment, whicll is without doubt well taken. Perhaps you width, or the capacity, or to changn the construction of the bt•idge in do not realize what is involved. A great many of you have not any other detail which is not satisfactory to the protestant or pro­ had the good fortune to have gone into the Pacific Northwe:;t tcstants, over and above the amount necessary to construct said bridge anrl to ha>e seen the tremendous possibilities of that country. in accordance with the decision of the Secretaries of War, Agricul­ I am particularly fortunate, having been born in the West nnd ture, and Commerce, then and in that event the said Secretaries shall educated in the Enst, in making the WeRt my llome, and I require the grantees to construct the bridge in such a way as shall realize the possibilities of that great northwest country. Itt: conform to the reasonable demands of tbe protcstant or protestants, development sllould not be retarded in tlle slightest. who have agreed to pay the difference in coAt. Th<' difference in cost This bill does not apply to Portland alone, my friends ; it iH shall be as mutually agreed upon between the grantees under this act not a local i~sue. It is a national issue. ns well as a Stat<' and the party or parties proposing the change and offering compensa­ issue. Let me read to you a memorial which I recei>ed from tion therefor, and should they fail to agree, then the amount of the Oregou State L egislature only a day or so ago: money to be paiU and the time for the payment thereof Rhall be deter- SALE:.r, ORBG., January 11, 19Jn. mined uy the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, acting as Hon. MAGRICE E. Cnt:aiPACKF.R, referee, in case of failure to pay said money in full at the time fixed Represe11tatir:e ill Congres~t, lrashington. D. 0.: by the Chief of Engineers, then and in that event this proviso shall Dy direction of thf' Thirty-fourth Legislative Assembly of the State be null and void: Provided, however, That the money contdlmted for of Oregon I have tlle honor to transmit the following senate joint any changes or alterations shall not be capitalized by the grantees for memorial : the purpose of increasing tolls nor shall said money to be taken account SenatP. Joint ~J emo rial 1 of as an original cost should the recapture of the bridge be under- To the honorable Senate ana Ho1tse of Hcpre~en'Ultires of the Uniic.d taken as otherwise provided for in this act, but all moneys so con- States of Amedca ·Ln Oongress asscmulerl: tributcd shall be considered public appropriations for public benefit." We, your memorialists, the Senate of the State of Oregon, 1hn House Mr. DENISON. 1\ir. Speaker, if the gentleman will excuse of Represe ntatives concurring, respectfully represent and petition as me- follows, to wit : Mr. CRUMPACKER. l\Ia~· I suggest that my time is very ·• Whereas the entire State of Oregon is vitally inter·ested in the por·t much limited, nnd I would like to -continue without interrup- of Portland as the main outlet anti inlet of its products and com­

tion, if tbe gentleman pleases. 1 mercc, anti the erection of a bridge across the Columbia River between 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR-D-HOUSE 1665 Portland and the sea, i! not properly constructed as to height and ' Only recently in convention assembled in this city at the clearances, would seriously jeopardize the interests o.f this State in second annual convention of the National Rivers and Harbors limiting and impeding the movement ot its shipping, resulting injuri­ Congress, representing practically every State of the American ously to the business and prosperity ot the State; and Union, the following resolution declaring that body's senti­ " Whereas there is now pending a bill in the House of Representa­ meut on obstruction of navigable waters of the country was tives of the Congress, which has already passed the Senate, authorizing promulgated : the erection of a bridge across the Columbia River at Longview, Wash., and the port of Portland has reqll'ested an amendment which, if adopted, The navigable waters of tbe United States are national 111gb­ ways and the public therefore have tbe right to navigate them would permit the port of Portland, if it believed that the specifications approve(] by the Secretaries o! War, Commerce, and Agriculture might with the least obstruction to traffic. No obstruction to navigation jeopardlze the interes ts of said port of Portland, to pay the difference should be pe,rmitted either by tbe construction of b~ iu ge s or by any between the cos t of a bridge built according to such specifications so other impediment. We therefore urge upon the proper autllorities approvell and tbe cost of a bridge of the height and clearances rea­ that no permits be issued for tbe construction of bridges wllich in ::;onauly uesired by said port of Portland ; and any way limit, ol.Jstruct, or impair navigation . . "Whereas it is desirable that not only all reasonable safeguards be The editorials .from the leading newspapers of the city of provided, but that even extraordinary precautions be tnken that the Portland, particularly the Portland Oregonian, the oldest news­ interests of this State may be properly guarded and cared for: Now, paper in the· Pacific Northwest, the Orc>gon Journal, Rnd the therefore, Portland Telegram, aU newspapers of wide circulation and "Your memorialiRts respectfully beg leave to pray and petition that the influence have expressed the sentiment of the community amendment propost> d in the House of llepresentutive by the Oregon repeatedly throughout this entire controversy as beiug ex­ lleprescutatives, and all otber safeguards requested by the Oregon con­ tremely fearful lest some obstruction l>e placed acrOl:;S the river gressional d!'legation, may be incorporated in the measure now pending that might. ultimately jeopardize the tremendous export and before the Congress, or in any other measure which may be proposed. import business of that rapidly developing and growing port. " Resolved, That the secretary of state be, and he is hereby, directed Frank :M. Warren, president of fhe port of Portland; Raymond to forthwith transmit this memorial by telegraph to the Speaker of the B. Wilcox, president of the Portland Chamber of Commerce ; House of Representatives and tbe Vice President of the, United StS!-tes E. B. MacNaughton, and Frank L. Shull, chairman of the spe­ as l'1·esidcnt of the Senate, and to each of the Senators and Representa­ cial committee of one hundred public-8J)irited citizens of the tives in Congress and from the State o! Oregon." city, have only recently communicated their expres~;ion as being · Adopted by the senate January 11, 1927. entirely favorable to the spirit of the amendment author:izing HENRY L. ConnETT, Portland's participation in the construction of a bridge. President gt the Senate. · There is a clause tn the bill which if:!, to my mind, funda­ · .Adopted by the house January 11, 1927. mentally fallacious. The Congress, if it enacts this legislation, JOIIN H .. K;.!R.Kl:N, authorizes two private individuals to construct a connecting ·Speal,er of the HoU~Je . liuk in the public highway system~; of the two great States of 11'iled in the office of the secretury of state January 11, 1927. Oregou and Washington. Millions of dollars of State and Fed­ Respectfully, eral money hRve been spent in the highway progr'l:tm of those SAM A. KOZER, States, and ~t the present time there exists practically a con­ Secretary of State. timwus hard-surface road from the Canadian line to the Mexi­ " The entire State of Oregon, with a few minor . ex.ceptions, can border. I believe it fundamentally wrong to authorize two nre vitally interested in keeping the river open and _free from individuals, guising primarily as promoters, to be allowed to atiy obstructions to navigation. This memolial manifests that capitalize this tremendous investment and ch~ge tolls for the unh-ersal sentiment _of the State at large, as it is realized use of approximately 1 !llile of what woulU be in practical by people :knoWing the local conditions that the entire State, effect the highway system. as well as the hinterland, is dependent upon the free and un­ The public highways act precludes the charging of toll~; on trammeled use of the Columbia River. public highways of the country receiving Federal aiel. A re­ . It was only recently that I received the following CQm­ cent ruling of the ComptrolJer General denies Federal partici­ munication from the Central Labo1• Council and Building pation in the construction and maintenance of the portions of Tracles Council of Portland, Oreg., which will give the House the public highway system which have for tllei~ purpose the some idea of the vital interest the entire community has leading directly to bridges connecting up the hi~;hway systems Rhown in this matter : of tb.e country. How far this. ruling will be extended in case this bridge is constructed ~nd how much 'of the )federal high­ lion. M. E. CRUMPACKER, way sy~tem of Oregon or Washington may possibly be denied Oare of 01·eoo" Delegation, Federal aid under this ruling is a matter of conjcc~ure at this House of Representat-i-ves, Washington, D . 0. time. I do not want to be placed in the position in any manner Whereas there is now pending in Congreas known as II. R. 11608 of jeopardizing what possible Federal assistance we can get granting consent of Congress to W. D. Comer and Wesley Vandercook in the Northwest in aiding thi::; great program. As I have to construct a bridge across the Columbia River between Longview, shown1 we have conh·ibuted much more than our share in local Wash., and Rainie1·, Oreg., and whereas said bill if passed as pres­ and State development. We have not had the ~uvantage par­ ·enUy drawn might result in a bridge which would in our opinion ticularly as to river and harbor cle-relopment that the Southern seriously hamper if not entirely prevent the future development of and Eastern States have had in receiving enti:r:e Federal aid for the city of Portland as a port o! entry for large ocean-going vessels the promotion of their projects. We have. met the Federal because . o! insufficient clearance between piers and height above Government at all times on a participation basis, ancl I nm high-water levels anll whereas our interests along with others mak­ fearful that this elause may cause a loss not only to Oregon but ing their home anu living in the city ru:e therefore seriously men­ to the State of Washington of }j~ederal aid in the future. aced, now, therefore be it resolved that the Central Labor Council The policy of authorizing pri'mte toll bridges to be con­ and the Building Trades Council ot Portland does hereby request structed creating a connecting link in the public highway all friends of organized labor now in Congress to assist in having system is wrong and should n,ot be encouraged by this Congress. the above bill referred back to the proper committee for the con­ The following resolution was adopted by the American Asso­ sideration of certain amendments . which will be offered by repre­ ciation of State Highway O:fficinls at its twelfth annual con­ :-; entatives of the city of Portland for the purpose o! safeguarding vention at Pinehurst, N. C., on No-rember 8 last year: the interests of Portland and the State ot Oregon and the millions Whereas there should be removed from t he puhlic highways every investeu by the people of Portland in the Columbia River Channel, barrier to the free and expeditious movement of local and farm-to­ and be it further resolved that copy of this resolution be wired to market traffic, as well as State anu interstate traffic thereover; and our Representatives in Congress and to Frank Morrison, Secretary Whereas the existence of private toll bridges at major stream r.roRs­ of the American Federation of Labor, with the request that the ings and at strategic points on the public highways of or between ronny legis lativ~ representatives of the American Federation of Labor of the States interposes such a serious barrier to and imposes such. a be asked to con\ey the above request to friends of labor in Congress. burden upon the movement of traffic O\er such highways that the GUST ANDERSON, rapiuly increasing number of such toll structures ha.s become a mattet• Secretary, Oentral Labor Oottnml. of serious concern; and B. R. 1\I.A.THLA.S, Whereas no effective legal means is now provided by which the States Sect·etary, Building Trades Oouncil. can exercise any adequate measure of control over the erection anu This communication expresses the sentiment of an im­ operation of such toll bridges, authorizations therefor being now portant element of the city, as they realize the tremendous granted by special acts of the Congress, with no provhdon for super­ damaging effect which would occur should a blidge of in­ vision by any Federal or State agency from the standpoint of traffic !!-mffi ·ient height and clearance be allowed to be constructed at requirements to insure the suitability of location and adequacy of any. point between Portland and the sea. design and C{)Di:!tl'uction : Now therefore be it 1666 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-IIOUSE JANUARY 14 Resol·ved, That it is the sense of this association that the erection of which approximately $80,000,000 was in foreign trade and private toll bridges on the pui.Jlic highways, particularly on those high­ $197,735,591 wa~ domestic commerce. In foreign trade alone ways embraced in the systems of the State and Federal aid highways in 1,675,531 tons were shipped out of the port, of the value oC geueral, can not be justified anubdivisions should be naturally 1 am interested in trying to get enacted into law a given tile right and the power to .acquire such privately owned toll bill which the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, bridge at any time from the date such bridge is opened to traffic and of which I am a member, has reported favorably to the House on a basis that will be fair alike to the owners and to such State or its and which is now on the calendar. political subdivisions: Be it still further Let me gi'e the Members of the House briefly the histo1·y of Resolved, That the executive committee of this association be, and it this proposition. In a fonner Congress these same partie~; bereby is, instructed to take such action as it may deem appropriate had a bill introduced through their Representatives from for securing the enactment of legislation embodying the foregoing 1'\rasbington for a franchise to build a bridge across the principles. Columbia River. The bill was favorably reported to the Ilous·e This resolution is on all fours with my objection to this and was passed by the Hou!:le, and went to tlu:i Senate, and on provision of t~ bill, and I firmly believe that we are continuing the floor of the Senate an amendment was put on the bill re­ a policy in this reg{lrd which can only do ultimate damage quiring that before the blidge could be constructed it must lJe to our general highway program. approved by the highway department of the State of Oregon The good faith of Portland in its strenuous fight, lasting over and also by the highway depa1·tment of the State of Washing­ a period of years, against legislation of this character has been ton. The House consented to that amendment remaining in questioned. This criticism has not emanated from the dis-· the bill, and the bill became a law. Then the plans were com­ tingui~hed gentleman from Washington [:Mr. JoHNSON], who pleted and submitted to the Highway Department of the ~tate has urged the passage of this legislation. His attitude has of Washington and received the approval of the highway de­ been eminently fair, as has also the attitude of the distin­ partment of that State; but when presented to the highway guished chairman of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce department of the State of Oregon the plans were not approved. Committee [Mr. PARKER], and the able gentleman, the chair­ The State of Oregon was opposed to the bill, and their highway man of the subcommittee on bridges of the general committee, department, of course, refused to approve the plans and the Mr. DENISON, of Illinois. I want to take this opportunity of franchise died. eA.'l>ressing my personal appreciation for the kindly attitude Meantime the State of Oregon passed a law creating the port and spirit of cooperation that these gentlemen have manifested of Portland, and providing that no bridge or othe·r structure throughout this Congress; but there have been forces at work could be built across the Columbia River at Portland or be­ attempting to discredit Portland's opposition to this proposed tween Portlan,d and the sea without the consent of the port of legh;lation. The reason particularly assigned for our opposi­ Portland, and Portland is 100 miles from the sea ; in other tion has been the possibility of the diversion of surface ve­ words, the State of Oregon, through its legislature, enacted hicular traffic from Portland. I deny that this sentiment legislation which purported to take over complete control of exists. Last summer, while .at home, I made it my personal the Columbia Ri,er from Portland to the sea, a distance of duty to survey the sentiment of the city upon this par­ 100 miles. Of course, that act is unconstitutional, hut it merely ticular question, and I can honestly say at no time did any reflects the attitude of the State of Oregon with respect to the individual expres~ his opposition to the construction of this Columbia River and the attitude of the city of Portland with bridge to me because of the possible diversion of surface respect to this bilL traffic. The only feeling that exists in the city and in l\Iult­ 1\Ir. JOHNSON of ·washington. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ nomah County and the upland territory is the fact that our tleman yield there? shipping may be jeopardized. That is why I have offered .1-"lr. DENISON. Yes. thi::; amendment, which I hope the House will accept. It shows Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. The gentleman says that the on its face the good faith of my people, who have struggled act of the Oregon Legislature is unconstitutional. over a ptriod of years to develop that general country not only :Mr. DENISON. Yes. for selfish reasons but in an altruistic spirit. We realize that Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. As a matter of fact, the we can not develop as a city without assisting the surrounding people on the 'Vashington side have raised the issue by offer­ country. Portland is particularly a distributing point and can ing to Congress to con~:;tmct a bridge on certain conditions? not exir;;t without the assistance of the surrounding territory. Mr. DIDNISON. Yes. Our subcommittee had very full hear­ The tremendous growth of our sllipping is manifested by the ings on this bilL Representatives of both sides came here actual records during the year 192G. The port's trade totals from Portland and from 'Yashlngton, and each side presented 4,940,000 tons, of the value approximating ~277,735,591, of its case. The committee after full hearings uec~ded to favor- 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE l661 ably report the bill, and it has been on the Consent Calendar Mr. ELLIS. Will the gentleman yield? all during this Congress since the hearings were completed. Mr. DENISON. Yes. It could not be passed because objections were raised by the Mr. ELLIS. But the propriety or impropriety of these gentleman from Oregon [Mr. CRUMPACKER]. additional precautions is not involved in this bill. I may say in this connection that the gentleman from Oregon 1\lr. DENISON. No; that is not involved now, but there [Mr. CRUMPACKER] has been very diligent in what he considers is involved the propriety of the action proposed by the amend­ to be his duty to protect the city of Portland and to represent ment offered by the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. CRUMPACKE11]. the views of his constituents in the city of Portland, and we He has offered an amendment which proposes that the plans for understand clearly thn:t that city is opposed to the construction this bridge must not only be approved by these three Cabinet of any bridge whatever over the Columbia River between the members, but if the people of Portland are not satisfied with city of Portland and the sea. the conclusions of the three Cabinet members they want the Now, in the Senate a different rule prevails. When a similar right to come in and contribute some money and have the bridge bill was filed there, the Senate committee had hearings also, and constructed in a different way from the manner in which both parties went before the Senate committee and presented the men who are building it want to build it, and in a different their case; after full hearings the Senate committee approved manner from that which has been approved by the three Cabi­ an amendment to the bill, based on an agreement between the net officers. · They want to put such a provision in as an amend­ parties who were opposed to the bill and those who were asking ment to the bill; our committee would never have reported the for the bill; that agreement provided that before the bridge bill to the House with such an amendment in it. [Applause.] should be built it should be approved not only by the Chief of The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman Engineers and the Secretary of War, as is the case now with from Illinois has expired. . respect to all bridges constructed in this country over navigable Mr. DENISON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 20 minutes to the gen­ waters, but that it should receive also the approval of the tleman from Oregon [Mr. SINNO'IT]. Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Agriculture. :Mr. SINNOTT. Mr. Speaker, I send several amendments In other words, under the Senate amendment the ;plans of to the Clerk's desk, and I ask the Speaker to notify me when the bridge, before it can be constructed, must receive the ap­ I have used 15 minutes. · proval of the Secretary of Agriculture; that is, the Bureau of Mr.-- Spenker, the people of the State of Oregon and the great Roads ; also the approval of the Secretary of Commerce, who inland empire do not criticize this bill with any spirit t>f ani­ has the special duty of protecting the commerce of this country; mosity toward the town of Longview. When Longview was and the approval of the Chief of Engineers of the Army and started on the banks of the Columbia River on a channel the Secretary of War. The Senate committee put that amend­ made by the people of Portland, they contributing $9,000,000 ment in the bill because they understood it would meet the and the Federal Government contributing only $6,000,000, we objections to the bill and allow the bill to 'become a law. welcomed the foundation Of that town. The record shows Afterwards, it seems, the amendment did not meet their objec­ that we supplied them with our dredges. The port of Portland tions ; their objections persisted ; but finally the bill 'came up in gave them her dredges to usc. The use of those dre~ges saved the Senate, passed the Senate, and has now been lying on the them over $1,000,000, but when Longview demands the right, Speaker's table for some weeks. as we think they have in this bill, to destroy the great harbor I want to say this, spea'king on behalf of the subcommittee of Portland, the only aGcess to the sea from the States ot on bridges : I do not think tne provision requiring the plans of Oregon, eastern Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana, the bridge to be approved by the Secretary of Commerce and the we say to them, "You shall not pass." We say to them in Secretary of Agriculture has any proper place in the bill, and my colleague's amendment, "Your bridge will lai·gely imperil if it had been left to our committee we would not have per­ our harbor. We are willing to go down into our pockets." mitted it to remain in the bill ; but it was the desire of the we say through his amendment, "and put up the ase a bridge 170 feet above low which seems to be felt by certain of the population of the im­ water, eighteen hundred feet long, where the possible contem­ portant city of Portland over the development and rapid ad­ plated navigable channel is 500 feet wide. We can not sit vancement of the new city of Longview, in Washington, 50 here in Congress, build bridges, and designate tbe exact miles closer to the ocean than Portland, particularly in view number of feet in height. That is not the province of Con­ of the demand of Longview that it be made ·a port of entry gress. 'Ve provide under the basic' bridge act the the Chief of for railroad rates; that it be considered a railway and ocean Engineers shall fix the height that will permit proper naviga­ terminal; that it bring itself closer to Oregon by means of this tion. But in this bill we haYe provided further that all pos­ bridge ; and that it play its full part in the long-deferred de­ sible navigation contingencies shall be protected. It is not -velopment of this part of southwest Washington. assumed that the three Secretaries will assume that the Levia­ Mr. Speuker, so alarmed are a few people in Portland over than will come steaming up the river at 28 ],mots an hour. The this advancing development that they would not have a bridge · bed is not deep enough; the banks are not firm enough:"' Whole below Portland across the Columbia River if it were 300 feet villages would be washed away. But the ~ngineers and the high and three-quarters of a mile wide. But it is certain that Secretaries will provide for all reasonable navigation prospects. the development of one port means the development of all, and What more can be asked? I think the majority of the people of Oregon, including those I beg to say to you that .I am just as much interested in in Portland, realize that, as do the great majority of the people Portland, Oreg., as any Member from the State of Oregon ·of Washington, including Vancouver. I wish l could take time could possibly be. Across from Portland is the growing city of ·to describe the great project which has developed at the highly Vancouver, in the district that I represent. In the 14 years strategic point where the Columbia River after flowing north that I have been in Congress I have introduced several bills, for a considerable distance turns again west toward the sea. which have resulted in bridges across the Columbia River at There the city of Longview has arisen, where there were but various points. This Vancouver-Portland Bridge was the result farms there four years ago. In a directory count a year ago of an act introduced by myself. Other bills were introduced by there were 12,000 people at Longview, and another 12,000 at myself in conjunction with Mr. SrNNOTT, and I am proud to Kelso, just across the Cowlitz River, at its confluence with the say that the building of all these bridges has met the continual Columbia River. Also a new population of several thousand development of that country. . I have lived in the Pacific N~rth­ at Rainier, Oreg., across the Columbia. The building of Long­ west for close to 30 years. I remember Portland distinctly >iew, with its mills, factories, and roads, has opened up a tre­ when it was a bustling, busy city of 75,000 people, and I have mendous area, consisting of whole counties of highly timbered seen it grow to 300,000. I know of Portland's e:fiorts to open land. It is progress with a capital P. It is a development the Columbia River channel. I know of its expenditw·es on the that has been awaited by our people for 50 years. It has come, Willamette Channel. anrl faster than our most sanguine dreamed possible. Pros­ I would not, nor would the people of the State of ·washington, perity and activity spread prosperity aud activity. That is the put an obstruction in the river. Neither woulll the Longview motto, apparently, of Mr. R. S. Long, the builder. This proposed builders, because the bridge they propose is below a great part bridge is a mere incident-a part of the deYelopment. of the site of the city they are building-below their fuctories Mr. Speaker, the upper Columbia Basin, about which the and their turning basin and their log ponds. Longview would · speaker who preceded me expressed some alarm, is in large not obstruct itself in order to obstruct Portland. That is the part located in the great center of the great State of Washing- answer t6 the obstruction proposition. ,. ton. The Columbia River turns north at a point alongside the Mr. VAILE. The gentleman makes the point that the city of (listrict of my friend from Oregon [Mr. SINNOTT], goes entirely Longview is as muc.h interested in having the proper height of through the center of ·washington, and thus creates the upper the bridge as the city of Portland because of the business of Columbia llasin, concerning which we of Washington are as Longview. . solicitious as he. l\fr. JOHNSON of Washington. Yes; that is quite correct. I beg to suggest that the whole proposition of offering amend­ Further, the growth of Longview guarantees the growth of ments is in the hope of getting this bill back into this Senate Portland-develops the more substantial business of the latter. 1670 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE J .ANU.A.RY 14 [ have no alarm at all as to the great future of Portland, Oreg. at New York will accommodate any shipping that will come The city of Longview, as I think it will in a reasonable time, into Portland. Then there is 20 feet additional. will have a population of 7G,OOO or 100,000. But when Long- 1\!r. SINNOT-T. Will the gentleman yield? ·dew attains that population the city of Portland then will Mr. MILLER. I can not yield now. A channel 350 feet have reached 600,000 or as much as St. Louis. That is the wide with a clearance between the piers of 750 feet. No ship wav established commercial centers benefit from all progress. could possibly run in either one of those piers of this span. The great Northwest can at last see that it is coming into its They would run in a mud bank first in a channel of 350 feet. own. ~ All of the white populatlo-u-tlrere, with the exception of Mr. CRUMPACKER. Will the gentleman yield? the original few at Astoria and Vancouver-all the white popu- 1\Ir. MILLER. I can not yield. I am sorry to say I now lntion, practically s11eaking, has come within 75 years. The two desire to go ahead and complete these remarks in a few roo­ States of Oregon and 'Vashlngton now have about the popula- ments. The simple question here is of offering one obstacle tion of the entire .thlrteen Colonies at the time they went to after another- for the completion of this development of the wur 150 years ago against the mother country. I think the great Northwest. We helped in our State to build the Van­ time will be very soon when Portland, Oreg., will be grateful couver Bridge, which was of inestimable value to the city of that this bridge has been built, the new highway developed, Portland. It was of inestimable value to the residents of my and new activity open~d in the out-country. [Applause.] State living on the opposite bank of the Columbia River. It Ur. VINCENT of Michigan. :Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman will help to build Portland if the people knew it. It will help yield? · the State of Oregon, it will help the State of Washington. :Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. I yield. This bill hung througll the last Congress with one delay after Mr. VINCENT of Michigan. I would like to know the facts anoth~r. They had ·hearings in the Senate, and it .comes to about the clearance Of this bridge. It was stated that other the House again where another amendment is proposed to bridges in the vicinity are 200 feet in clearance aud that this delay the development of the Northwest so earnestly desired, bridge is only 155 feet. and I ask the House and my colleagues to support this bill and Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. There are no such bridges vote down the amendments. yet. This original proposal was for 170 feet clearance above 1\fr. Speaker, I yield back the remainder of my time. low water. Original hearings were held in Oregon, and the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois has five min- proposal of these gentlemen who are called promoters-and they utes remaining. . are part and parcel of the organization that is building the Mr. DENISON. 1\Ir. Speaker, I yield one minute to the city-originally was for a bridge that is 170 feet above low gentleman from Washington [Mr. SuMMERS]. water and 155 feet above extremely high freshet water. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen But these plans are as yet tentative. They have not reached I of the House, this bridge will be one more connecting link com­ the hands of the engineers of the War Department, and can not pleting one more highway system out in the Pacific Northwest. until after we secure this act. If, after a hearing by the engi- Nothing can be more important in the development of our new ncer department, the Secretary of War and the two other country than highways and bridges. It iH to save a travel Cabinet officers to oe associated with him should decide that distance of something like 100 miles for people living in south­ additional height or width is advisable, the plans would have to western Washington who want to get to northwestern Oregon. be altered. That leads me to the principal amendment pro- Certainly three Secretaries in the President's Cabinet are posed-- going to safeguard the transportation and the commerce of 1\lr. DENISON. If after hearing, the Secretary of War or this country. 'Ye up in that great inland empire that has been the Chief of Engineers or the Secretary of Commerce think it referre<~ to !ire as much co~cerned with t~e commerce on the is necessary in order to protect the commerce that the bridge Columbia River as any temtory can posstbly he. But we do should he 200 feet high they will require it? not belieYe that this bridge will interfere with commerce, and 1\ir. JOHNSON of Washington. Certainly. There was no we do believe in the interest of progress and development that provision for 200 feet in the clear. the bridge should be constructed. [Applause.] Mr. 1\IcS'YAIN. But if at the Rame time these Secretaries 1\Ir. DENISON. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the House, decid.e that 100 feet would be sufficient, that is within their the Columbia River is und.er the jmisdiction of the United power? . States. I think Congress ought to maintain control over it. l\fr. JOHNSON of Washington. There will be hearings. I I I do not .think it ought to surrender control either to the State myself, Senator JoNES, and others in the State of Washington of :Washmgton or !o the S!ate of ,Oregon. Here ~ s an appli­ would object to that proposal. It never could be. All we ask ~atwn for a franchise to ~mld a bndge over that r1ver. There is that Congress authorize the building of a bridge, the details 1s none n?w between Portland and the sea.. The people want to be controlled, as they have been with all oiher bridges over t? cross It by !1 highway bridge, ancl I believe we ought to navigable streams, by Federal authorities. we can not allow give the:U the, nght to do it. I think Congress can safel! trUl:lt one State to nullify an act of Congress or to fall out with the Engmeers Office of the Army and the Secretary of ~ ar and another State. It is not our business to decide whether this the Secretary of C?mmerce and the Secretary of Agnculture bridge should be 170 feet, 190 feet, or 200 feet. We can not to protec! all. the. mterests of ~ortland that need protection, o-o into such details. We can grant the authority at a particular and I believe It will ~e a -refiectt~m ~n the thr~~ Cabinet ~~m- iocality · bers for Congress to msert in thts bill a provision authonzmg The SPEAKER The time of the gentleman has expired. the port of Portland, if they should not be satisfied with the Ut· DENISON Mr. Speaker, how _much time have 1 decision of the three Secretaries, to come in and contribute r :U inin 'I J. ... • some more money and then demand that the bridge be built e T~ stEAKER Ten minutes. in a different manner or higher than the three Secretaries say e "T • • • it ought to be built in order to protect commerce. l\fr.. DENISON. I yield five mmutes to the gentleman from lUr. JOHNSON of washington. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle- Washmgton [1\fr. MILLER]. man yield? l\!r. 1\i.ILLER. T Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the Ho.use, Mr. DENISON. Yes. I lived m the N?rth':est long before there was any bridge Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. I would like to make the across the ~olumbia River.. I have seen t.he _vancouver Bri?-ge point that the proposal of allowing ·a further approval by a . devel?ped mto the great .highway .that It IS now connecting corporation or municipality or otherwise would so interpose the city of Vancouver wtth the c~ty of Po~·tla~d. As these legal difficulties as to prevent the construction of the bridge. developments have gone forward vanous artenal highways have l\fr. DENISON. Yes. Just as soon as the city of Portland been opened be~een the north a?-d the south al?ng the ~acific v.·ould propose to expend public funds for such a purpose an coast.. Since this Yancouve~ Bndge. has gone lll, the c1ty of injunction suit would be filed and the construction would be ~ongn~w ~as been . establlshed With one of th~ greatest tietl up by litigation, and we would waste time here ~n passing mdustr1es m the Umted States located at that pomt. It is the bill in that form. I hope the House will defeat the bill destined to become a great. city. The tim_e. will. never come, so far as the committee is concerned, fairly and squarely, rath~ however, I dare say, when either of these c1tles Will dwarf the than do so indirectly by inserting amendments that will re-· other-there is plenty of room for both. I know the channel suit in end.lcss litigation or will result in killing it in another where this bridge is to go in. As the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. body. Let us pass it here with the perfecting amendment or SINNOTT] said, that channel there is 350 feet "\Vide-wide enough else vote the bill down. That i~ the only way to do it fairly for any commerce in the ·world. As to the clearance the great and squarely. Brooklyn Bridge at New York City has a clearance of 135 feet It is proposed to put a provision in the bill requiring the above the water, high enough to accommodate any shipping in three Secretaries to find that it is necessary to build this the world. This bridge will have a clearance of 15G feet above bridge. Of course, that is a matter for Congress to pass upon. water, 20 feet higher than the Brooklyn Bridge, and surely any We are not dealing with a publ~c utility here. If we should bridge with sufficient clearance to accommodate the shipping put such a provision in the bill ~nd the Seeretarie~ 13ho~ld 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1.671_' :find that the bduge was necessary, au injunction suit woulU be The Olcrk reau as follows: :tiled on the ground the· bridge was not necessary, and that Page 4, line 2u, strike ou-t the fi~ure " 4 " and insert in lieu thereof woulu prevent the construction of the bridge. Let us not agree the figure .. 3." to any amendment that will Jlrevent the eonstruction of the 1Jriuge if we authorize it. · Mr. DENISON. Mr. Speaker, that is a clerical eiTor. Mr. Mc~W.A.IN. Mr. Speaker, is this a unanimous report of Mr. SINNOTT. Is that my amendment? tile committee? The ~PEAKER. Without objection, the correction will be . Mr. DBNit;ON. It is a unanimous !,:eport from the com- made. n1ittee. There was no objection. Now, l have no interest in Portland; I have never been out The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report t.Qe next amenumeut. there; but on behaJ,f of the committee that I have the honor to The Clerk read as follows: · represent, I hope the House will not clog this bill up with any Amendment offered by 1\ir. StNNOT'I': Page 5, after the word "mort- amendments calculated. to defeat it, but let the bill become a gage," in lines 16 nnd -17, -insert the words ·:without p~otit." law and let these parties out there build this bridge, for which The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend- there is a great demand. [Applause.l . ment. · Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the l;>ill and The amendment was rejectea. amendments. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next amenument. The SPEAKER. The amenuments have not yet been offer~d The Clerk read as follows· except for information. Does the ge~tleman otier su_ch an amendment? , _ Amendment offered by Mr. SINNOTT: At the end of section 8 strike Mr. ORUMPAOKER. Those amendments were offered. My. out the periotl, insert a comma and add the following: "and the United a-mendment was offered at the time I took tile tJ.oorJ and was: States shall incur no liability for the alteration, amendment, or repeal intended to be incorporated after section 1...... thereof to the owner or owners or to any other person interested in The SPEAKER. _They . were offered <>:n.J:Y for information. the bridge which sha1l have been eohstructed in accordance with its But the Chair will. now hold that the a~endments are before provisions." the House for consideration. Are there any other _amenQ.- The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend- ments? merit. Mr. SINNOTT. There_are four or five amendments. The amendment waf:i rejected. · ' The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendments of- The SPEAKER. The question is on the third reading of the' fered by the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. SI:NN:PTr].- bilL . · Tile Clerk read as follows : · The bill was or far as employed upon this whereiJy the Chair was required to make a rather hasty project, in accordance with the usual customs of their several profes­ decision, which was questioned. Since that time the Chair has sions, without regard to the restrictions of law governing the employ­ made some im·estigation of tlle question as to the right of the ment, salaries, or traveling expenses of regular employees of the United Chair in the Committee of the 'Vhole House · to vote without States: Pt·ot•ided tw·tller, That under the authority contained in the passing IJetween the tellers,· and for the information of the preceding proviso the aggregate amount to be expended in connection • House and as a justification for tlie action of the Chair that with the entire project shall not exceed $2u0,000, and any payments day, which was neither autocratic nor arbitrary, tlle Chair in reimbursement of actual expenses incurred for subsistence shall not wishes to make this statement: exceed the rate of $10 per day, anc.l any payments for per c.liem allow· The point of order was made that the Chair should have ances for sulJsistence shall not exceed the rate of $8 per day, asked permission to vote before casting his ballot. Section My purpose is to call the attention of the Chair and the 8 of Rule XXIII provides : · gentlem~n from -Texas, as well as the other members of the The rules of proceeding in. the House shall be observed in Committees committee, to the fact that a point of order was sustained to of the Whole House so far as they may be applicable. this language when it is permanent law. So, in fairness to the That being so, tile rules governing the Chair in Committee of Qbair, and iu fairp.ess to the gentlemR;n from Texas, who, perhaps, overlooked it, I felt it my d'uty at this time to call the Whole House would be those rules that govern the Speaker attention to this language. · -- in the House, with certain limitations. Section 6 of Rule I, governing the Speaker, reads as follows: 1.\ft•. BLANTON. I shall make a point of order against the Chair now placing any construction upon what happened. '.rhe He shall not be required to vote in orc.linary legislative proceedings, RE90BD disdoses what happened. I have no objection to the except where his vote would be' decisive. gentleman from Indiana [Mr. WooD] making any kind of state­ The present occupant of the Chair interprets that rule almost ment he wants to make in his representative capacity, but it as mandatory on the Chair to cast a ballot when his voting shall not be construed as a construction of this situation, affects the decision of the vote. Therefore the Chair believes because I do not agree with the gentleman. My point of order his ruling the other day and his voting were not only justified was sustained against that language read, and it went out of by the rules but that his voting was almost mandatory; in the bill, and we ha,ve passed that paragraph. If there were fact, the present occupant of the chair would hold that the pCl~manent law in it, it is still permanent law; but that feature committee could compel the Chair to vote if it saw fit to do so. of it is out of the paragraph, as decided by the Chair when the l\Ir. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman-- point of order was sustained. Tlle CHAIR~IAN. For what purpose does the gentleman Mr. WOOD. The gentleman certainly does not want to place from Iowa rise? himself or any other member of the committee in the ridiculous Mr. DOWELL. In order to make a statement on that point. 'position of having a point of order sustained to what is already The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will recognize the gentleman. existing ~nd pe.rmanent law. Mr. DOWELL. The decision made by the Chairman the other . Mr. BLANTON. The gentleman had the language before him day, I think, was correct, but the reasoning of the Chair now, and could have called the Chair's attention to it when we had I fear, might not apply. the po~nt of order up under discussion. The gentleman baR As the Chair will recall, in this instance the Chair's vote had his day in court, and now he can not come in and appeal upon one side of the question determined it, but if the vote after the ·court bas adjourned. of the Chair had been upon the other side it would not have Mr. WOOD. It is not an appeal, because, even though the had any effect upon the teller vote. Therefore it would seem gentleman's point of order was sustain~d, it can not affect that the Chair's reasoning that he would be compelled to vote permanent law. might be out of place under the circumstances of this case. · Mr. BLANTON. Then what is the use of quiiJIJling over it? The CHAIRMAN. The Chair did not make th.e statement Mr. WOOD. As I have said, I felt it my duty not only to be could be compelled, but said be was of the opinion that the call it to the attention of the Chair but also to the attention of committee might force the Chair to· cast his ballot if it so the gentleman from Texas as well. desired. Mr. BLANTON. The gentlemaJ: can not bolster up the Mr. WOOD: :Mr. Chairman-- situation by an argument, and I shall object to going back to The CIIAIRMAN. For what purpo~ does the gentleman the paragraph in order to change the situation. The situation from Indiana rise? is :fixed. The water has pa~sed over the mill. The court bus Mr. WOOD. For the purpose of clarifying the RECORD. Dur­ given its decision, and the court bas adjourned. ing the consideration of this bill on Tuesday last the gentleman The CIIAIRl\IAN. The Chair desire::; to make a very brief from Texas [Mr. BLANTON] made a point of order against the statement in connection with the paragraph referred to by the following language carried in the paragraph making appr(). gentleman fi·om Indiana. priation for the construction of the Arlington Memorial The other day, when a point of order was made to the Bridge- language referred to, the gentleman from Indiana, in cbar~e The CHAIRl\l.A.N. Will the gentleman from Indiana please of the bill and whose responsibility it is to protect the bill, advise the Chair of the page? failed to advise the Chair that the language used is perma­ Mr. WOOD. Page 7, line 10. nent law. That it is the responsibility of the chairman of . Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, we ha\e passed page 7, the committee in charge of the bill, the Chair wishes to cite Jme 10, and have read down to line 20, page 3G, and there has section 3"597, Hinds' Precedents, Volume IV: been an amendment offered to line 20. There wer·e points Those upholding an item in an appropriation should have the burden of order pending against that amendment, and it would be im­ of showing the law authorizing it. proper to go back to line 10 of page 7. Were the Chair called upon to rule again on the language The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman f1·om Indiana asks unani­ as it is written in the bill, in the absence of any information b.v mous consent to make a statement. Is there obJection? the supporters of the bill, the Chair would rule just as he did. l\Ir. BLANTON. I shall object to going b_ack, but I do not Mr. BLAl\TJ) rose. object to the gentleman making a statement. The CHAIRMAN. 'Vhcn we adjourned the other day the · The CHAIRUAN. The gentleman from Indiana is not asking gentleman from New York [Mr. llLAOK] had offered an amenle under this section should he used in a private :::-hlp­ discuss all the points of order that have been made. yard. The gentleman from Connecticut [l\1r. TILSON] was in The CHAIRMAN. The Chair prefers to hear the gentleman the chair, and at first blush ruled again::;t me, · but after some on that point of order fir~t. consideration decided that it was a limitation and ruled in Mr. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, the section to my favor. which I have offered the amendment deals generally with ap­ Dny before ye~terduy, following the thought in the ruling propl"iations for the purposes of the Sllipping Board, including of the gentleman from Connecticut, the gentleman from Wi;-:;­ aflministrative work of the Shipping Board and the repair of consin [1\fr. CoOPER] offered au. amendment providing that sllips. 1\!y amendment goes to the repair of ships. There fol­ 50 per cent could be used in pri'rate shipyards, and follov;ecl low this proviso tllat I have offered sections of the l>ill contain­ that \vith another suggestion tbnt GO per cent could be u~cu. ing limitations, while not snl>stantially tlle same as mine, still in the Government navy yards. That was held out of order, Yery similar in the fact that they are limitations. I think, if whe1·eupon the gentleman from Wisconsin offered an amend­ my amendment is to be offered at all, the only place it could be ment that only 50 per cent of the money might be u::::ecl in offered is nt the very place I have presented it. priYate shipyards. The CHAIRMAN. Unless some other gentleman desires to· be When the Dic::;trict of Columbia appropriation bill was uu<.ler heard on the point of order-- discusRion in 1903 there was a paragraph appropriating for . Mr. BLACK of New York. 1\Iay I ask the Chair w~etber it the office of chief e.ngineer for the District of Columbia, ls the understanding of the Chair that the gentleman from Vir­ and providing that the chief enginee-r ~hould have five yearH' ginia makes the point of order that the amendment is not ger­ experience in a muni<:ipal fire l1epartmcnt and a poiut of mane at this particular line, or whether :he makes the point of order was mnde against the paragraph and it was ruled out order it is not germane to be carried as a part of the particular of order. There was an amendment offered to the effed that })arag1:aph we have jru;t read? · . no money should be paid to a chief engineer who .hud not l\fr. BLAND. The point of order was made that Jt was not five years' experience in a municipal fire department. This germane, in general language, and its germaneness to the l>ill was held in order. Another time in an Agr~cultm·al appro­ \vould be covered by the point of order made by the gentleman priation bill an amendment was offered which I think hear from Indiana. I made the further point of order that it not upon the point made as to the interference with the Flxecu­ only is uot germnne to the bill but it is not germane to this tiYe discretion. l>Urticulnr parng1·aph that deals with special claims appropria­ ·The amendment was offered to the effect that no money tions. It has nothing to do with the repairing and recondi- ~hou l d be allowed an agriculturnl college in the State of Indi­ tioning of ships. , ana or any other State or Territory until the Secretnry of The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready to rule. Agriculture was satisfied that no trustee, employee, or in­ Mr. CHINDBLOM. Mr. Chairman, there has been no debate structor of the institution was engaged in polygamy or Jmlyg,­ un the merits of the paragraph? amous practices. That required an investigation by the Sec­ The CHAIRMAN. No. retary of Agriculture. ·That was held to be in order. Mr. BLACK of New York. I think Mr. Chairman, I can The precedent that more nearly approaches the situation ob\iate a long discussion by withdrawing this amendment and that we ha\e to-day was one that came up in the House on offpring it as a new paragraph. March 4, 1911. At that time the na\al appropriation bill · The CH.AIUM..AN. 'l'he paragraph to which the amendment was uny the gentleman from New York deals solely with fect that no part of the appropriation should be expended for the special claims ap,vropriation. The amendment has to do the construction of any boats by any person, firm, or corpora­ with all the money approptiated for the United States Ship­ tion which bad not at the time of the commencement and ping Board and the Emergency Fleet Corporation for recondi­ during the construction of said \es:-;els established an eight­ tioning and repairing ves~;els. Unquestionably the amendment hour work day for all employees, laborers, and mechanics as offered is not germane to the paragraph to which it is of­ engaged in doing the work for which the appropriation wn .~ fel'ed, and therefore the Chair sustains the point of order. made. Mr. BLACK of New York. Now, Mr. ChR.irman, I offer 'my At that time there was no legi:;l:ition requiring that there nmendment as a separate paragraph to follow line 20 on page be an eight-hour day in private shipyards doillg Government 36 of the bill. work. There was a requirement of an eight-hour day in Gov­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. ernment na\y yard~, in all Government esta)Jlishments doing 'l'he Clerk read as follows : Government contract work. This amendment I speak of was Amenument by Mr. BLACK of New York: Page 3G, in line 20, after o:H:ered by 1\Ir. Hughes, of New Jersey, and was supported l>y the word "conditions," adu the following: u Prot:idccl, That no · part of 1\Ir. Fitzgerald, of New York. The Chair sustn.ined the point t11e moneys appropriated or made available in this act for the United of order, and on an appeal from the ruling of the Chair the States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, shall be ex­ committee rejected tlte Chair's ruling. penued within the continental limits of the United States in the recon­ This situation of mine is almost identical with the situation ditioning or repair of any vessel, or the machinery of such vessel presented at that time on the na\al appropriation bill. Here for the employment of workmen other than citizens of the United we ha\e a situation where Government work in Government States." yards, and in contract work by Government agencies the work must be done lJy .American citizens. I offer an amendment re­ :Mr. BLANTON. 1\lr. Chairman, I make the same point of quiring that where the work is done in a p1ivate agency, Gov­ order that it is a change of existing law and not a limitation; ernment work, it shall be done l>y .American citizens, and. to that it is not germane to the preceding paragraph, which it my mind this amendment is strictly within the precedents, and must be, and interferes with the discretion of an executive it is within the very broad ruling made by the gentleman from officer in that be would have to make a special examination Connecticut [Mr. TILso~] when be snid that the committee to determine whether they were all American citizens. I call could say that no part of the appropriation should be used to the Chnir's attention to a long line of authorities coll-ected by pay a man with reel hair. That very broad suggestion of the the gentleman from New York, Mr. Hicks, holding that where gentleman from Connecticut amply cove1·s the situation in an amendment is offered as an independent or new paragraph respect to limitation. . This is within the precedent set down it must be germane to the preceding paragraph. by the gentleman from Connecticut on my amendment in 1925, The CHAII{.MAN. The Chair is ready to rule on the point and is particularly within the ruling of the committee on the of order. naval appropriation bill of 1911. I rest my case on these Mr. BLAOK of New York. I would like to be beard, Mr. precedents. Chairman. The CHAIRMAN. Unless some otller gentleman dc~ires to The CHAIRMAN. Perhaps the Chair will sa\e the gentle­ be henrd, the Chair is ready to rule. The gentleman from New man from New York some time. The Ohair will overrule the York offers the following amendment as a. new paragraph : 1674 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE JANU \.RY 14 AfteL' line 20, page 3G, add the following: there is hereby reappropriated the unexpended balance of the appropri:l­ "No part of the moneys appropriated or made available in this act tion of $10,000,000 made for similar purposes in the independent for the United States Shipping Bonrd Emergency Fleet Corporation offices appropriation act for the fiscal year 1927: Provided, That no sllall be expended within the continental limits of the United States expenditures shall be made from this sum without the prior approval in the reco nditioning or r<'pair of any vessel or the machinery of such of the President of the Uniteu States." vessel for the employment or workmen other than citizens of the United States." 1\It·. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order on the proviso. To which amendment the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLAN­ Mt'. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make a point of order on TON] makes the point of order that it is legislation ou an the whole amendment, that it i::; legislation unauthorized on appropriation bill. an appropriation bill. Mr. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, before the Chair The CHA.IRl\lAN. Does the gentleman from Tennessee desire rules, may I supplement my remarks by one statement. ·in to .be heard? answer to the point of order? The1·e is no affirmative obhg';l­ Mr. GARRETT of Tenne~see. Just long enough to direct tion placed upon the Shipping Board. All they have to do 1s attention to the fact that the proviso seems to violat~ tho to insert in the contract that the work shall be done by American rules of the House in that, while ostensibly a limitation upon citizens, and there follows the penalty as in any other contract. an appropriation bill it imposes executive duties upon the The CHAIRMAN. There is no que8tion but that the amend­ President himself which do uot now exist in lJlw. I have hero ment is a limitation on the way the money may be expended ; but iu order that a limitation on an appropriation bill may some decisions. come within the rules, that limitation must not by indirection nut such limitations must not give affirmative directions- legislate. As the Chair interprets the amendment of the gen­ And. reference is given to Hinds' Precedents, volume 4, pag~s tleman from New York, if it should be written into the appro­ 3854, 3850, 3975. I call the attention of the Chair to the priation bill, then before the comptroller could pay the bills following: presented for work done in reconditioning the vessels of the United States it would be necessary for him to ascertain by an And must not impose new duties upon an executive officer. investigation whether or not every man who worked on the That is one of tlte latest decisions upon the subject. That is ship and who had money owing him by the United States was, a decision by Chairman CRISP upon March 11, 1916, first ses­ in fact, an American citizen. ':'bat would undoubtedly involYe sion, Sixty-fourth Congres~, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, page 3950. upon the comptroller additional duties. That being the fact, Mr. Chairman CRISP at that time in making the ruling read this amendment, if adopted, would in reality be legislation on from prior dechdons, among others a decision by Mr. Chairman an appropriation bill. The Chair therefore sustains the point Sherman. subsequently Vice President of the United States, in of order. which Mr. Sherman laid down tb~s doctrine: 1\ir. WOOD rose. While a ]imitation may provide that no part of an appropriation Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman from In­ shall be used except in a certain way, yet the restriction of executive diana will permit, I do not care to take advantage of the chail·­ discretion may not go to the ~xtent of an imposition of. new duties. man of the subcommittee on this situation. I ask unanimous consent that we may return to page 7, line 10, in order that Then, again, Chairman Sherman said: the gentleman from .Indiana may offer an amendment and put - It has generally been held that provisions giving a new construction matter hack into the bill. of law, or limiting the discretion which has been exercised by omcers The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas asks unani­ charged with the duties of administration, changes the law within the mous consent to return to page 7 for the purpose of offering an meaning or the rule, and are not in order. amendment. Is there objection? There was no objection.· Following that reasoning the gentleman from Georgia, Chair­ 1\Ir. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amendment, man CRISP, sustained the point of order upon the proposition which I send to the desk. which appears in the REaoRn. It was an imposition, I may say, The Clerk read as follows : of new duties upon one of the Cabinet officials in that instance. This language imposes duties not now required of the President Amendment offered by Mr. WooD: Page 7, line 10, after the word of the United. States except as they were required by the current "expe~ded," insert the following: u Provided, 'l.'hat the act approved act against which no point of order was made. This docs re­ February 24, 192G, shall be construed as authorizing the expenditure, quire, of course, that the President of the United States shall with the specific approval of the Arlington Memorial BL·ldge Commis­ be charged with the duty of making an investigation to deter­ sion, of such portion as said commission shall determine, of this or mine whether this appropriation shall be expended after it any other appropriation heretofore or hereafter made to carry out said has been made by the Congress. It requires of him an excr~ project, for the employment_, on such terms as said commission shall cise of discretion not now required by law, imposes upon him decide, ot' expert consultants, engineers, architects, sculptors or artists, a new duty and a new burden not required by any general law. or firms, partnerships, or associations tliereot', including the facilities, For that reason I submit that it is subject to the point of order. service, travel, and other expenses of their respecth·e organizations so The CH.AIRl\'IAN. Does the gentleman from Indiana desire far . as employed upon this project, in accordance with the usual cus­ to be heard? toms of their several professions, without regaru to the restrictions Mr. WOOD. All I desire to say, if the Chair please, is that of law governing the employment, salaries, or traveling expenses of this is absolutely a limitation. As I understand, the point of regular employees of the United Stntes: Prot·ided tu.rtlr er, That under order raised by the gentleman from Tennessee is as to the the authority contained in the preceding proviso the aggregate amount proviso. to be expended in connection wlth the !'ntire project shall not exceed Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. My point of order is as to the $2GO,OOO, and any payments in reimbursement of actual expenses in­ proviso. curred for subsistence shall not exceed the rate of $10 per day, anu any payments for per diem allowances for subsistence shall not exceed Mr. "'OOD. Which rends as follows: the rate of $8 per day." Prot:ided, That no expenclitures shall be made from this sum without The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ the prior approval of the President of. the United States. ment offered by the gentleman from Indiana. Now, it does not change existing law; it is just a limitation. The amendment was agreed to. requiring certain action upon the part of the Shipping Board. Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I have another amendment The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from Indiana cite which I desire to offer. the Chair the provisions of law that requires the President or Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will per­ Executh·e to 0. K. the expenditures of the Shipping Board? mit, I have toted fair with the chairman of the subcommittee, Mr. WOOD. I call the attention of the Chair to section 19 and I do not think he ought to take advantag-e of the situation of the merchant marine act, uuder the third section, which to offer further amendments at this point. · shows thnt duties are imposed upon the President by the Mr. WOOD. This is an amendment on page 36. act. There are otber sections requiring certain action by the Mr. BLANTON. Oh, I thought the gentleman wns offering Executive. some other amendment. (3) Wllenever the bead of any department, board, bureau, or agency The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk "\\ill report tho amendment. of the Government refuses to suspend, modify, or annul any rule Tlle Clerk read as follows: or regulation, or make a new rulP. or· regulation upon request of. the Amendment offered by Mr. WooD: On page 3G, line !!0, iusert a new board, as provided in subdivision (c) of paragraph (1) of this section, paragraph as follows: "To euable the United States Shipping BoaL·d or objects to the decision of the board in respect to the approval of Emergency Fleet Corporation to operate ships or lines of ships which any rule or regulation, as provided in paragraph (2) of this section, have be!'n or may be taken back from purchasers by reason of competi­ either the board or the bend· of the department, board, bureau, OL' tion · or other methods employed by foreign shipowners or operators, agency which has established Ol' is attempting to establish the L'Ule or -- 1927 CONGRESS! ON AL RECOR.D-HOUSE 1675 regulation in question may submit the facts to the President, who is The CIIAIR.l\1AN. If the gentleman will permit, if the money hereby authorized to establish or suspend, modify, or annul such rule is reappropriated according to the amendment, what can the. or regulation. Shipping Board do that they can not do to-day? The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from Indiana plea-se Mr. BLANTON. I am glad the Chair asked that question. give the Chair the citation of the shipping act again? The Chair very wisely, last Wednesday, held that it would be Mr. WOOD. It is page 43 of the shipping act, entitled " The wrong for the Shipping Board to attempt to evade the law by _ shipping act and merchant maritime act of 1920," section 3, lending money to a person for 50 years to pay a part payment on page 43. on a ship. Now this is exactly what the Shipping Board is The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Indiana car·e seeking to do with this $10,000,000. They are not willing to to offer anything additional? sell ships to men to operate under the flag under the law that Mr. WOOD. I do not care to offer anything more than we have laid down, but they want to use this money to give that it occurs to me to be simply a new limitation without them long-time loans in violation of that law. If. they propose imposing any new duties on the Executive or taking away to take part of this $10,000,000 as a loan, it is a misappropria­ any rights of the Shipping Board. tion to use that money for an improper purpose. I submit that The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready to rule. On page the Chair held it wisely out of order the other day, and I hope 36, after line 20, the gentleman from Indiana offers the follow· he will hold it out of order now. ing amendment: Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Chairman, I thoroughly agree with the Chair that the other points of order were good, and those pro­ To enable the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Cor· visions against which they were directed ought to have been poration to operate ships or lines of ships which have been or may be declared out of order, but at the same time I think that the taken back from purchasers by reason of competition or other methods language offered now by the gentleman from Indiana in his employed by foreign shipowners or operators, there is hereby reappro. last amendment is in order, because it provides an appropria­ priated the unexpended balance of the appropriation of $10,000,000 tion authorized in section 7 and also section 12 of the merchant · made for similar purposes in the Independent Offices appropriation act marine act of 1920. , for the fiscal year 1927 : Pro11idect, That no expenditures shall be made Now in section 7, after first directing the Shipping Board to from this sum without the prior approval of the President of the "investigate and determine what steamship,lines should be estab­ United States. lished, and authorizing them to sell or chartel.' ships to persons The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GARRETT] made a point who will agree to establish and operate such lines, then the of order to the proviso, and the gentleman from Texas [Mr. section provides as follows : BLANTON] made a point of order to the whole paragraph. TbQ .And if no such citizen· can be secured to supply such service by the . gentleman from Indiana submits as authority ·for the proviso pw::chase or charter of vessels on terms satisfactory to the board, the section 3 of the merchant marine act of 1920, which reads as board· shall operate vessels on such line until the business is developed fu~~= . so that such vessels may be sold on satisfactory terms and the service Whenever the head of any department, board, bureau, or agency of maintained- the.. Government refuses to suspend, modify, ·or annul any rule or And so forth. regulation or make a new rule or regulation upon the request of the And then in next to thP. last proviso of the same section the board as provided in subdivision (c) of paragraph 1 of this act or Chair will note the following language : objects to the decision of the board with respect to the approval o:t any rule or regulation as provided in paragraph 2 of this act, either Provided furlher, Tbat where steamship lines and regular service the board or the head of the department, board, bureau, or agency have been established and are being maintained by ships of the board which has established or attempted to establish the rule or regulation at the time of the enactment of this act, such lines and service shall in question may submit the facts to the President, who is hereby be maintained by the board until, in the opinion of the ·board, the authorized to establish or suspend, modify, or annul such rule or maintenance thereof is unbus1nesslike and against the public interests. regulation. Section 12 we find this language : The gentleman from Indiana contends that that carries with· That all vessels may be reconditioned and kept in suitable repalr it the power to compel the President to pass on the question of and until sold shall be managed and opE>t·ated by the board or chartered expenditures. The Chair believes that there is nothing in the or leased by it on such terms and conditions as the board shall deem act cited carrying authority to warrant any party, either the wise for tbe promotion and maintenance of an efficient merchant marine, Shipping Board or the contesting party, in carrying a ques· pursuant to the policy and purposes declared in sections 1 and 5 of this tion of dispute as to expenditure of any particular amount of act; and the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corpora­ money to the President of the United States. Therefore the tion shall continue in existence an(l have authority . to operate vessels, Chair is forced to the conclusion that if the proviso is attached unless otherwise directed by law, until all vessels are sold in accord­ to the appropriation it will add to the duties of the Chief ance with the provisions of this act, the provision in section 11 of the Executive, to wit, he must investigate every time there is a re· shipping act, 191G, to the contrary notwithstanding. quest for expenditure out of the $5,000,000, and his investiga­ There is a provision in the original shipping act of 1916 which tion must go into the question of whether it is wise to expend froecifically provides that the Shipping Board may operate ves­ this amount of the- appropriation. Therefore, it would add new sels whether they were constructed by them or purchased by duties to the Executive and devolve added burdens on him. them or otherwise acquired. So the mere fact that >essels have The Chair therefore holds that the proviso is out of order, and been sold and taken back because they were not paid for-in inasmuch as the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLANTON] makes other words, taken back in order to protect the interests of the a point of order to the whole amendment, and the proviso being Governmeut-certainly does not deprive the Shipping Board a part of the whole amendment, the Chair is compelled to sus· and Emergency Fleet Corporation from operating those ves­ tain the objection of the gentleman from Texas as well as that sels again, and they have done so in many instances, because of the gentleman from Tennessee. there have been numerous instances, particularly se>eral years Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amendment. ago, when they sold lines upon time, whole shipping lines, as The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment well as individual ships, which were returned because of de­ offered by the gentleman from Indiana. fault in payment, and which were kept in operation, sold, and The Clerk read as follows : otherwise disposed of just the same as if they had never been Amendment offered by l\Ir. Woon: On page 36, after line 20, insert a sold. Consequently I think there is no question but that there new paragraph, as follows : is full authority for the operation of these ships, just as much "To enable the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Cor· so as there is in the preceding section carrying a geueml poration to operate ships or lines of ships which have been or may be appropriation. taken back from purchasers by reason of competition or other methods l\1r. LEHLBACH. Will the gentleman yield? employed by foreign ship owners or operators, there" is hereby reappro· M:r. DAVIS. Yes. priated the unexpended balance of the appropriation of $10,000,000 Mr. LEHLBACH. Were not the United States Lines so taken made for similar purposes in the independent offices appropriation act back reoperated by the Gove1·nment? • for the fiscal year 1927." Mr. DAVIS. Yes; they have been operated directly by the Emergency 1l'leet Corporation after they had been sold and 1\ir. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order taken buck by the Government. that that is legislation unauthorized on an appropriation bill The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready to rule. The gentle­ Without this provision the Shipping Board and the Emergency man from Indiana offers the same amendment that was of­ Fleet Corporation would be powerless to do the thing that this fered a moment ago, with the proviso omitted, carrying an amendment is offered to enable them to do. appropriation to enable the United States Shipping Board The CIIAIRMAN. In what way? Emergency Fleet Corporation to operate ships or lines of Hhips Mr. BLANTON. Well, they have no law to do this now. which have been or may be taken back from purchasers by CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 14 1676 I reason of competition, and so forth, to which the gentleman Mr. WOOD. Mr. CHairman, I want to be heard on that. from Texas made the point of order that it was legislation I can not agree with the gentleman's interpretation, aud, on an appropriation bill, though he might be correct, I want to call the attention of the Under section 7516 (d) (Barnes Code) relating to the Chair to the twenty-sixth section of the shipping act, on page merchant marine act there is undoubted authority for the 23, which reads as follows : Shipping Board to sell ships. If there were no legislation at The board shall have power, and it shall be its duty whenever com­ all, the fact that they were authorized to sell ships on the plaint shall be II).ade to it, to investigate the action of any foreign partial-payment plan and take security for the ships would government with respect to the privileges afforded and burdens im­ make it follow that they had the right to take them back. posed upon vessels of the United States eng11ged in foreign trade when- . Then, under section 7516 (f) (Barnes Code), is the authority ever it shall appear that the laws, regulations, or practices of any to operate or establish steamship lines. The Chair can see foreign government operate in such a manner that vessels of the United no difference between a ship that has been once sold and States are not accorded equal privileges in foreign trade with vessels then, perhaps, returned to the Shipping Board because of of such foreign countries or vessels of other foreign countries, either in the inability of the purchaser to make the full payment on trade to or from the port of such foreign country or in respect to the it and'8. ship that has never been sold, in so far as putting that passage or transportation through such foreign country of passengers ship into operation is concerned. The Chair therefore over· or goods intended for shipment or transportation in such vessels of rules the point of order. . the United States, either to or from ports of such foreign country or Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment to the to or from ports of other foreign countries. amendment. Now, I invite attention especially to thls part of the vira­ Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I make the point of order graph: that one offering an amendment can uot amend his amend­ ment except by unanimous oonsent. It shall be the duty of the board to report the 'results of its in­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair overrules the point of order. vestigation to the President with its recommendations, and the Presi­ The Clerk will report the amendment. dent is hereby authorized and empowered to secure by diplomatic action The Clerk read as follows : equal privileges for vessels of the United States engaged in such foreign trade. And it by such diplomatic action the President shall be unable Amendment ·olfered by Mr. WooD to the amendment o!Iered by Mr. to secure such eqnal privileges, then the President shall advise Congress WOOD: Add at the end of the amendment the following: "Prcn•ided, as to the facts and his conclusions by a special message, if deemed That no expenditure shall be made from moneys available for the important in the public interest, in order that proper action may be purposes of this paragraph without the prior approval of the President taken thereon. of the United States." I maintain that under that section of the shipping act this Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, I make a point provic;;o is not imposing any new duty upon the President, of order against that amendment, the sa,me point of or~er I but it is made his duty, in cooperation with th"e board, to do made a moment ago. It imposes new duties on the President certain things for the purpose of doing what? Carrying out of the United States. the purpose of this act for the establishment of a merchant The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman care to add anything marine; and I want to call the attention of the Chair to the to his discussion of a moment ago? further fact that it is the duty of the President of the United Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. No; I think not. States to advise with his various Cabinet officers and with Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I want to call this to the atten­ those who are in authority and who have charge of the ex­ tion of gentlemen of the committee : This proviso would apply penditure of money. This Congress has adopted a Budget and solely to the $5,000,000 that is reappropriated for the purpose made it the agent of the President, and the Budget submits to of maintaining or operating such lJoats as may be taken back him for his advice and consideration the expenditures of from purchasers. It applies solely to that. . money to be made out of the Treasury of the United States. 1\1r. GARRETT of Tennessee. If the gentleman will permit, It is a part of the duty of the President of the United States let us have a clear understanding about tha,t. In questioning to keep his eye and his finger upon the Treasury of the United the gentleman the other day, when the paragraph on page 35 States. Therefore, it is a part of his duty to keep his eye and was before the committee, I asked the gentleman if the $5,000,- his finger upon the agencies that are expending money out of 000 that was there taken out of the $10,000,000 which is con­ the Treasury of the United States. tained on page 36 stood without the McDuffie amendment, The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from Indiana permit would that $5,000,000, so appropriated on page 35, be subject the Chair to ask him a question? to the limitation of approval by the President, and tb,e gentle­ Mr. WOOD. Certainly. man said it would. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair would like to ask the gentle­ Mr. 'VOOD. Yes. man from Indiana if the paragraph quoted by the gentleman 1\ir. GARRETT of Tennes~ee. The gentleman is still of that refers to anything beyond unfair treatment in the ports of opinion? the world? Mr. WOOD. Yes. But if the gentleman from Tennessee will l\fr. 'VOOD. Yes; it refers in a general way to the operation note this proposed amendment he will see that it limits it to. of the boats. this paragraph. The very preamble of the merchan:t marineact shows that the Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. But this pa,ragraph carries purpose of the act is to e::;tablish a m·erchant marine and its $10,000,000. purpose is ultimately to put that merchant marine in the Mr. WOOD. Yes; this paragraph carries $10,000,000, but as hands of private ownership. It empowers not only the board I take it-and I think I am right-the action of the committee lJut also the President of the United States to do all the things has already remoT"ed $5,000,000. that are necessary in order to accomplish that end. I called Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Oh, no; the other $5,000,000 this to the attention of the Chair the other day in arguing a is not taken out of the bill. point of order similar to this when the Chair took the position Mr. WOOD. No ; it is not taken out of the bill, but it is at that time that if it were not for the paragraph of this act taken from under the provisions of the limitation. creating a policy and defining what the policy of the Govern­ Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. . It is by virtue of the sus­ ment is with reference to a merchant marine, and if it was not taining of the point of order made by me a few moments ago. for the other specific requirements and regulations concerning Mr. WOOD. And the amendment that is now offered to this the operation of the boats, the point of order would not have amendment limits the proviso to the $5,000,000 remaining in been overruled. this paragraph. There is a difference lJetween the provisos of The CHAIRMAN. May I ask the gentleman another the amendments. que8tion? Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, may we have 1\Ir. WOOD. Yes. the amendment again reported? Is the gentleman agreeable to The CHAIRMAN. Is this appropriation to be expended having _the amendment reported again just as it will read if the solely in foreign terri tory? proviso should be. adopted? Mr. WOOD. No. Mr. WOOD. That is perfectly agreeable. The CHAIRMAN. Then the Chair would like to ask the The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the Olerk will again gentleman whether the Cl1air is correctly advised that the report the amendment and the amendment to the amendment. paragraph quoted by the gentleman treats solely of acts or The amendment was again reported. practices of foreign governments respecting merchant vess·els? Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, I think the 1\lr. WOOD. Yes. gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Wooo] is mistaken as to the The CHAIRMAN. Under what reasoning or by. what logic application. It would apply to the entire $10,000,000, and I does the gentleman get it around to applying to paying for a insist upon my point of order. buoy or something of that kind in a harbor? 1927 C-ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1677. Mr. WOOD. I will explain to tho Chair. For example, the The gentleman from Indiana contends and cites section 750ti Shipping Board sells a line of its vessels or a number of its 1n Barnes Code which is as follows: vc:sels to some operator who is plying vessels between here Acts of purchases of foreign Governments respecting mercha11t and foreign ports. By reason of the competition of the foreign vessels. The board shall have power, and it shall be its duty yessels at this foreign port belonging to a foreign nation, they whenever complaint shall be made to it, to investigate the action make it impossible for the buyers of the vessels from the of any foreign government with respect to the privileges afforded United States Shipping Board to do business. Competition is and burdens imposed upon vessels of the United States engaged in ~o rife that, unless they receive help, they have to go out of foreign trade whenever it shall appear that the laws, regulations, or business. The purpose then is to keep the ships of the United practices of any foreign government operate in such a manner that Stutes upon the seas. Would not that foreign interference vessels of the United States are not accorded equal privileges jn nuthorize the President of the United States to exercise such foreign trade with vessels of such foreign countries or vessels of l)tber diplomacy as he might deem necessary for the purpose of ob­ foreign countries, either in trade to or froll1 the ports of such viating that diffic1,1lty, and, by the same token, would he not foreign countries or in rt'spect of the passage or transportation have the right, if necessat·y, to advise the Shipping Board to through such foreign country of passengers or goods intended for make expenditures for the purpose of continuing the operation shipment or transportation in such ves:,;cls of the United States, either of our ships in competition upon the seas with lines of foreign to or from ports of such foreign country or to or from ports of other ships? It occurs to me that is not only logical but is just foreign countries. It shall be the duty of the board to report the simply a natural and irresistible conclusion. results of its investigation to the President with its recommendations Mr. DAVIS. The section to which the gentleman from In­ and the President is hereby authorized and empowered to secure lly diana refers is one with reference to discriminations by foreign diplomatic action equal privllegt's for vessels of the United States en­ governments. In the margin opposite that section the Chair gaged in such foreign trade. And if by such dlplomntlc action the will note the description of that section to be " inYestigation President shall be unable to secure such equal privileges, then the of discriminations by foreign governments against American President shall advise Congress as to the facts and his conclusion by YCI'll'lels." special message, if ·deemed important in the public inteTest, ·in order that Referring to the section itself, it says- proper action may be taken thereon. (Act. Sept. 7, 1916, C. 451, sec. the board shall have pqwer, ~d it sball be its duty whenever com­ 26, 30 Sta,t. 737.) plaint shall be made to it, to investigate th.e action of any foreign Frankly, the Ohair can see no relationship between the ex­ government with respect to privileges and burdens imposed upon penditure of appropriations by the Emergency Fleet Corpora­ Ycssels of the United Stutt's engaged in foreign trade-- tion and the adjustment of diplomatic differences between two And so forth. . countries. The1·e is no other way that a. diplomatic difference The amendment now pending, offered· by the gentleman from could be adjusted than through the President and tho Secre­ Incliana, has no :reference whatever to any foreign government tary of State. Of course, if this money curried in this appro­ 'or the act of any foreign govern·merit : it' rea~s: priation bill were for the purpose of paying the expenses of To enable the United States Shipping Board .Emergency Fleet Cor­ such investigations under this paragraph, there would ue no poration to operate ships or lines of f!hips which ha.ve bt'en or may question but that the proviso would be in order, because the be taken back from purchasers by reason of competition or other President would have that power without the proviso. The methods employed by foreign shipowners or operators, there is hereby test the Chair applies is, Could the Shipping Board pay this .reappropriated the unexpended balance of the appropriation of money without the approval of the President if the proviso ,$10,000,000. were not here? . If they could expend it without the Presi­ dent's 0. K. on the expenditure, then, of course, the proyiso It refers entirely to a different purpose from that in the would be subject to the point of order, inasmuch as_ it would section to which I have referred. be legislation. The Chair therefore sustains the point of order · I call attention further" to thr 'fact that one-half of this I'e­ made by the gentleman from Tennessee. approvriation of $10,000,000 in this particular paragraph is The question now recurs upon the amendment offered by the reappropriated for an entirely different purpose from that just gentleman from Indiana. l'itated. On page 35, under subsection (b), the Chair will · Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the note that there is a general appropriation for the expenses and last word of the amendment. I do this for the purpose of administrative purposes of the Shipping Board and Emergency interrogating the chairman of the subcommittee for a moment Fleet Corporation of $12,000,000, and in addition not to exceed to see whether I understand exactly what the present status of $5,000,000 as special appropriation of this $10,000,000 contained this appropriation is after the recent ruling of the Chair. in the independent office appropriation bill for 1927 reappro- Thil:l is a very important question as viewed by many of us. priated by this act. • We want to know exactly what the bill now carries in its So $5,000,000 of this is sought to be applied not solely present parliam~tary status. On page 35 you appropriate un­ to the case of the operation of ships taken back, but to conditionally $12,000,000 for the purpose of the operation of pay the general expenses and general . operation including the Emergency Fleet Corporation, and in addition to that un­ losses due to the maintenance and operation of the ships qualified $12,000,000 not to exceed $5,000,000 of tho special generally. appropriation of $10,000,000 contained in the independent offices . Consequently, even if perchance this provision relied upon act of 1027. Since the gentleman offers the pending amend­ by the gentleman from Indiana should be construed to apply ment reauthorizing the appropriation of $10,000,000 for this to the so-called defense fund it certainly has no application special defense fund, I ask the gentleman from Indiana if it to the other $5,000,000 which he is endeavoring to appropriate is his construction of the bill as it now stands that it appro­ for general purposes. priates $17,000,000 straight out for the purpose of the operation Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Tennessee of the Emergency Fleet Corporation itself. has called attention of the Chair to the section which has l\Ir. WOOD. That is what it does. You have to construe ueen read, and I desire the Chair to read it in connection together the language on page 35 and on page 3G. If it were with my amendment. What is the purpose of the $10,000,000? not for the reappropriation on page 3G, this bill would carry The purpose is to enable the United States Shipping Board only $12,000,000, l>ut by reason of the reappropriating clause Emergency Fleet Corporation to operate ships which have and by reason of the language on page 35 that takes the · ueen or may be taken back by reason of competition and $-5,000,000 out of the $10,000,000 we appropriated, the board other methods employed by foreign ship owners or operators. will have at their command $17,000,000. The paragr1111h to which I called the Chair's attention goes Mr. BANKHEAD. So that it is the construction of the to the very vitals of this. If the purchasers of these ships chairman of the subcommittee that we are appropriating nre ruined upon the sea and their business taken away by straight out $17,000,000, nnd by his pending amendment he also reason of the competition of owners of foreign ships, this proposes to reappropriate $10,000,000 of the defense fund? section of law applies. Everyone knows thn.t the whole Gov­ 1\ir. WOOD. Yes. ernment of England is connected as owner or part owner in Mr. BANKHEAD. In addition thereto? English ships and English shipping. Mr. WOOD. No. You are reappropriating $10,000,000 for the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready to rule. The gentle­ defense fund in order that you may have the $5,000,000 out of man from Indiana offers an amendment to his amendment pro­ it to add to the $12,000,000. If we did not reappropriate the viding that no expenditure shall be made from moneys avail· $10,000,000, then there would be no chance to get the $5,000,000; able for the purchase of thel'le vessels without p1ior approval but by reappropriation of the $10.1000,000 and by the language by the President of the United States. To that the gentleman we insert releasing the $5,000,00u, and by the action of the from Tennessee makes the point of order that it proposes Honse in striking out the proYiso, there is $17,000,000 appro­ legislntion. priated for operating expenses of the board. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 14 ~ t678 . ~ . - - - ~ . . Mr. BANKHEAD. But the difficulty is that this $10,000,000 for nnotl..ter class ; . here is a strict negative making a certa.in 'on page 36 is not for general operating expenses by the lan­ class--: ' . . . - guage of the pending amendment. You do not propose to The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman permit the Chair to ·:release it for operating expenses. . ask a question? If tl..te gentleman's amendment were adopted · Mr. ·wooD. Turn back to page 35. The language must b~ and l\Ir. A, or any man who had done some work for the construed together- Shipping Board, would present his voucher for payment to the -sufficient to cover all obligations incurred prior to July 1, 1927, and paymaster, would the paymaster have any obligation or duty then unpaid; (b) $12,000,000, and in addition not to exceed $5,000,000 put on him that is not there to-day? · of the special appropriation of $10,000,000 contained in the independ· Mr. BLACK of New York. The paymaster has only one obli- ent offices appropriation act for the fiscal year 1927 and reappropriated· gation on him. by_ this act. The CHAIRMAN. What is it? Mr. BLACK of New York. Now the first amendment-·­ . In order that the $10,000,000 may be kept and $5,000,000 of The CHAIRMAN. We are not discussing the first amend- it released for the use of the Shipping· Board, we reappro­ ment. priate the $10,000,000. The purpose is to release $5,000,000. 1\fr. BANKHEAD. To release it unconditionally for the gen­ Mr. BLACK of New York. . He has no obligation under~ this eral oper;a ting expenses? amendment. Mr. WOOD. That is absolutely the condition in which tl..te The CHAIRMAN. The Chair would like to ask the gentle­ record is now. man then a specific. question which the gentleman can not evade. Mr. BANKHEAD. I just wanted to clarify that situation Mr. BLACK of New York. The gentleman from New York is so that there would be no misunderstanding of the amount not trying to evade. · The CHAIRMAN. If 1\Ir. A presents this voucher and the actually available. gentleman's . amendment is · adopted, would the paymaster be The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- charged with the responsibility of a certaining whether or not ment. Mr. A was an American citizen? 1.'he amendment was agreed to. 1\fr. BLACK of New York. ·u a man comes up under the The Clerk read as follows: head of the amendment-- No officer or employee of the United States Shipping Board or the The CHAIRMAN. · \Veil, now, the Ohair wishes to secure in­ United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation shall be formation. paid a salary or compensation at a rate per annum in excess of $10,000 Mr. BLACK of New York. And the gentleman is trying to excE.'pt the following : One at not to exceed $18,000, three at not to bring himself within the precedents. The Chair is trying to exceed $15,000 each, and one at not to exceed $12,000. carry out the effect of this amendment to the last stage by 1\Ir. BLACK of New York. Mr. Chairman, I offer the follow­ presenting a concrete picture as to the effect of my amendment, ing amendment, which I send to the desk. and I am trying to make the same concrete picture under the The Clerk read as follows : precedents. Suppose a man comes to the paymaster and says, .Amendment offered by Mr. llLACK of New York: On page 37, after "I am not red haired, I want to get my money." Then the line 8, add the following as a new paragraph : paymaster will be obliged to call upon the Health Bureau, the "No part of the moneys appropriated or made available in this act Bureau of Standards, and various other bureaus-- for the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready to rule as the gentle­ shall be expended within the continental limits of the United States in man has not given the Chair any information. the reconditioning or repair of any vessel or the mnchinery of such vessel The amendment as offered by the gentleman is the same for the employment of workmen who are not citizens of the United identical ameudment as was offered -at another place in the .States." bill, with the exception that the words "other than" are stricken out and the words " who are not" are inserted. The Mr. BLANTON. 1\Ir. Chairman, I make the same points of Chair sustains the point of order on the ground that it would order. That is identically the same amendment. It proposes impose additional duties on the paying officer of the United new duties, it is legislation in the guise of a limitation. States. The Clerk will read. '. ·The OHAIRl\:lAN. Is this exactly the same amendment that The Clerk read as follows: was offered before? 1\Ir. BLACK of New York. No. I think I can make a dis­ UNITED STA.TF.S VETERANS' BUREAU tinction that will satisfy the Chair. For carrying out the provisions of an act entitled "An act to estab­ . Mr. BLANTON. It is not germane to the preceding para­ lish n Veterans' Bureau and to improve the facilities and service of graph and it proposes new duties and is legislation under the such bureau and to further amend and modify the war risk insurance guise of a limitation. act approved August 0, 1921," anrl to carry out the provisions of the · Mr. BLACK of New York. 1\Ir. Chairman, in the first am-end­ act entitled "World War veterans' act, 1924," approved June 7, 1924, ment I offered I used the words "other than citizens of the as amended, and for administrative expenses in carrying out the pro­ United States." In this amendment I propose that no money visions of the World War adjusted ·compensation act of l\1ay 10, 1924, including salaries of personnel in the District of Columbia and else· sl..ta}l be paid to persons who are not citizens of the United where in accordance with the classification act of 1023, and expenses States. In the first amendment I offered the disjunctive, thus of the central office at Washington, D. C., and regional offices and sub­ creating two classes and requiring that the Shipping Board offices, and including salaries, stationery, and minor office supplies, pay not to a certain class and by implication that they must furniture, equipment and supplies, rentals and alterations, heat, light, pay to a certain class, which probably vitiated the amendment and water, miscellaneous expenses, including telephones, telegrams, in the view of the Chair. freight, express, law books, books of reference, · periodicals, ambulance · Now, here I have the strict negative, a restriction as to service, towel service, laundry service, repairs to equipment, storage, ice, persons who are not. I use the qualifying pronoun with the ta.xi service, car fare, stamps, and box rent, traveling anu subRistence, restrictive language--persons who are not citizens . of the including not to exceed $4,000 for the expenses, except membership United States. You can not impose a negative duty upon any­ fees, of employees detailed by the director to attend meetings of asso­ body. All I demand now under this amendment is they shall ciations for the promotion of medical science, and annual national . not, not they shall not and shall, but shall not. Again under conventions of such organizations as may be recognized by the director the ruling made by the Chair on the other amendment the in the presentation or adjudication of claims under authority of section Chair stat~d this, that it imposes new duties on the Bureau 500 of the World War veterans' act, as amended, including tt·aveling of the Budget. If you are imposing new duties on the Bureau expenses of employees transferred from one official station to another of the Budgot by my amendment you inipose new duties on when incurred on the written order of the ably I would have seen banks in Texas were not making loans to veterans on · their fit not to make the point of order against it. But if he contends adjusted service certificates, and that such veterans were sorely that it is already law, and he puts this in just as surplus disappointed and needed relief. language, I am inclined to move to strike it out. On yesterday, at my request, our senior Senator from Texas, 1\lr. WOOD. I think it was the law, but in order that they lion. MoRRIS SHEPPARD, introduced a copy of this bill in the might get by the Comptroller General-- • Senate, and it is now pending before the Senate Committee Mr. BLANTON. Yes; there is what is the matter. The on Finance, being Senate bill 5258 and the companion bill to Comptroller General has held that there is no law for it, and House bill 16215. Senator SHEPPARD has promised me that he the gentleman is putting this language in to make law on an will do everything within his power to pass it there. appropriation bill. I have been to see our colleague from Iowa (1\lr. GREEN] and l\1r. WOOD. The Comptroller General has not refused these our colleague from Texas (1\Ir. GARNER], who are the chair­ payments, although he has some doubt about it. But we man and ranking minority member, respectively, of the Com­ thought that in order that there should be no doubt about mittee on Ways and Means, and I haYe been to other distin­ it we would put this in at his suggestion. guished members of said committee and have been assured Mr. BLANTON. If the gentleman had frankly admitted that said committee would give this subject consideration just that this is legislation, I would withdraw my rel;lervation of a as soon as pendrng matters were out of the way. point of order. I know of no Member who is against granting this relief to Mr. WOOD. If it would save time I will admit that. veterans. The Veterans' Bureau can make these loans to vet­ [Laughter.] erans, and at 4 per cent interest. :Mr. BLANTON. Then, Mr. Chairman, the chairman of the We already have this Government insurance fund down subc:ommittee having admitted that this is legislation on an there, a tremendous fund, much of it being idle, ou~ of which appropriation bill, I will withdraw tile reservation and offer the Director of the Veterans' Bureau can make these loans, an amendment. and if such fund should need replenishing I provide in this l\Ir. 'VOOD. I have an amendment. Let me offer it first. measure that the Secretary of the --Treasury can replenish It wiil not interfere with the gentleman. it with new loans to the Veterans' Bureau at 4 per cent. Is 1\Ir. BLANTON. Mr. Cllairman, I think the gentleman ought there anything wrong with this legislation? Is it not urgent to let my amendment go in at this place. I have withdrawn aud should it not be passed? my reservation of the point of order to help out the gentleman Suppose there might be, as . suggested by our friend from from Indiana. Be will have time to get in his amendment. Indiana, a little legislation in it. [Laughter.] When it has Mr. WOOD. 'l'he gentleman from Texas has been so ex- suited his purpose, he has pla.ced many items of legislation in ceptionally good to-day that I will not oppose him. . this bill, and I have mad.e points of order against same, and . The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment haye caused several paragraphs he put in, one embracing offered by the gentleman from 'l'exas. $10,000,000, to be knocked out of the bill by my points of order, The Clerk read as follows : and he has admitted that the very paragraph in his bill to which Amendment offered by Mr. BLA~TON: Page 39, line 13, after the I have offered this amendment, itself contains nine lines of word "pounds," strike out the period, insert a colqn, and add the fol­ legislation which he himself has put in this hill, and when lowing: "Provided further, That s.:>ction u02 of the World War adjusted a committee itself puts legislation in their appropriation bill compensation act, R!r amended, is hereby amended by adding thereto the the committee ought not to object when otller urgent salutary following new sn'.:.odivisions to read as follows : legislation is offered to it. "' (i) At any time afte.r the expit·ation of two years after the date Why should the gentleman want to keep this amendment from of the certificate the director is hereby authorized and directea to loan passing? It will pass here right now, if he does not make a from the United States Government life (converted) insurance fund, or point of order against it. And if he makes a point of order, he adjusted-service certificate fund, to any veteran upon his promissory will keep the Members here from voting on it. Why should he note secured by his adjusted-service certificate (with or without the make it and thus keep the Members here from passing t11is consent of the beneficiary thereof) any amount desired l.ly such veteran amendment, and thereby dpprive these f?Oldier boys who went not in excess of the loan basis (as defined in subdivision (g) of this to France and gave their lives and everything they had for th,eir section) of the certificate. '.rhe sum so loaned shall bear interest at 'Country during the stress of war of haYing this right to get 4 the rate of 4 per cent per annum, compounded annually. The director per cent loans on their certificates from the Veterans' Bureau? shall restore to the veteran, at any time prior to matm·ity, any certifi­ Is he going to do it against them? He will put legislation in cate so accepted, upon receipt from him of an amount equal to the this appropriation bill to giy-e the nurses, doctors, and others amount of the loan, with Interest at the rate of 4 per cent per annum, the right to transfer their furniture at Government expense compounded annually. If the veteran fails to redeem his certificate when they want to go from one side of the United States to tho from the director before its maturity or before the death of the vet­ other, when it is against the rules, then why not suspend the eran, the director· shall deduct from the face value of ·the certificate rules for our veterans? He will put legislation in here for doc­ (as determined in section 501) ali amount equal to the sum of the tors and nurses, but will not let me ·do it for veterans. If he LXVIII-106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANU.AHY 14

wants to take care of doctors and nurses, then why does he not $10,000 Government life-insurance policy, the premiums 0!1 want to take care of these injured and uisabled veterans of the which had been taken out of his ,pay by the Government au­ World War who are now knocking at the door of Congress for thorities. He left a widow, and after some delay she received immediate relief? $57.50 a month until she married again; then later she uied,. This amendment will pass unanimously if you will put it to There were no children, and the only heir at law and next of a vote in this committee and not keep us from voting on it by kin was the father. Some time after the death of the widow the point of order. Thet·e is not a man in the House who will the father recetyeu I! letter f!om the Assistant Director of the vote against this amendment, not one. It is a salutary proposi­ United States Veterans' Bureau stating that there was a lump tion; it is a proposition the financial part of which takes care sum of $7,065 that the Veterans' Bureau would be glad to pay of itself, because we already have plenty of money in the loan to him i,f he would have himself appointed administrator of ·fund, and the Treasury can supply more at 4 per cent, which his son's estate and send to the bureau ~t Washington a certi­ interest the veterans will pay. fied copy of his appointment by the probate court. I hope my friend from Indiana [lli. WooD] will not make a The father came to .me as a friend who was familiar with point of order, and let us pass this amendment now, because probate practice, and I had him appointed by the probate comi; 'Qnless you get this amendment pa&:;ed as a rider on this of on·e of the counties of l\Iassachusetts as administrator of llis appropriation bill now, you are not going to change the law son's estate and sent a certified copy of the appointment to the before we adjourn on March 4, unless the Ways and Means Assistant Director of th'e Veterans' Bureau, in accordance with Committee acts promptly and secures a special rule. The only llis letter, in which he stated that just as soon as he received chance to get it passed is as a rider on an appropriation bill a certified copy of the father's appointment of his son's estate such as this bill, and I hope the distinguisheu gentleman f1·om from t.be probate court a check for the amount due would be Indiana [Mr. WooD], who has charge of~ this bill, and the sent. Did the check come? No. After considerable delay distinguished majority leader [Mr. TILSON'], and our dis­ .and correspondence a questionnaire came, a long questionnaire tinguished Speaker [Mr. LONGWORTH], and our distinguished for the father to fi11 out and sv.•ear to, with a whole lot of ques­ minority leader [Mr. GARRETT], who are all here present on the tions that had nothing whatever to .do with the case, concerning floor at this time, will combine their great forces they have in the birth of the brothers and sisters of the deceascu sailor, this House when they do get together and let this amendment when the bureau knew perfectly well that the only heir at law go through; let it become a law and let these men get their was the father, and the assistant director had stated that loans on their certificates, which Congress authorized. wllen he. received ~ certified copy of the father's appointment l\lr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Will the gentleman yield? a check would be sent to him as administrator, the proceeds of l\lr. BLANTON. I yield to my learler ; yes. which would then be distributed by him in accordance with ~1r. GARRETT of Tennessee. Did the gentleman have in the laws

Mr. BARBOUR. I ba"\'e bad no talk with the gentleman RECEIPTS FROM SPECIAL IRREGULAR AND NONRECURRE~T SOURCES from Virginia, but it will be somewhere about six or seven These items, which are the larger part of the estimated sur­ hours. plus-that is, 60 per cent-for this fiscal year, are as follows: Mr. BLANTON. May I ask the gentleman if we will have From sale of farm-loan bonds------$60, 49u, 000 plenty of time under the five-minute rule? From net excess of receipts in the construction-loan fund 1\.1r. BAH.BOUR. I shall be disposed to give gentlemen plenty of the United States Shipping Board, and other receipts of time. from said board------12,321,000 Mr. BLANTON. It is reported that the committee has in­ From railronds, arising out of settlements for period of Government control------29,338,000 creased the personnel by 5GO and exceeded the Budget estimate From War Finance Corporation, net excess of receipts____ 25, 000, 000 by $10,500. If that is true, we want some time on that. From minor sources------~308,000 Mr. BARBOUR. Let me say to the gentleman that the bill From excess of collection of back taxes o·ver refunds ____ 100, 000, 000 docs not exceed the Budget estimates. Total of such items------232, 462, 000 Mr. McSWAIN. l\lr. Speaker, I desire to say to the House that this }Jlll was reported. only yesterday. Last December I The Federal loan bonds held by the Treasury are all dis­ mad.e a motion in the Committee on :Military Affairs that we try posed of. There is yet due the Treasury from the construction­ to keep in touch with the progress of the proceedings in the loan fund of the United States Shipping Board not quite Subcommittee on Army Appropriations in order that we might $37,000,000. There remains $280,576,000 of the securities and be advised so as to take more intelligent action in the matter obligations taken from the railroads, but of this amount $48,- when the bill came before the House. I ba•e repeatedly ap­ 68G,OOO is in the account with the Boston & Maine, $55,000,000 plied to the Appropriations Committee clerk for a copy of the in that of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, which is now in hearings, and only yesterday was I able to obtain it and a copy the hands of a receiver, and $87,030,000 in that of the New of the bill. I understand that is the case with all Members. York, New Haven & Hartford. When these railroad accounts I am not trying to make any trouble, but I do hope that here­ can be collected and in what amounts is wholly speculative. after the Appropriations Committee can find 1t possible to ha•e The better classes of the securities and obligations held by the · the hearings printed in small sections, numbereu serially, as Treasury have nearly all been realized upon . . Small amounts is done in other committees, so that the bearings may be dis­ will be collected from year to year, but not in sufficient amounts, tribute{! progrcs:lively to the membership who have equal re­ it is estimated, to become an important item in the revenue of sponsibility to the country under the Constitution so that we any year. may be informed and not have a bulky book of o•er a thou­ It is estimated that hereafter the collections of back taxes sand pages passed to us 24 hours before consiueration of the will be equal only to the refunds, and so no net income from bilL The committee could place on a mailing list the names them will accrue to the Treasury. of all that so request and send the sections or serials to such It is estimate{! that for the fiscal year 1928 there will be Members as the same come from the press. That is the only received from the special, irregular, and nonrecurrent sources comment I desire to make at this time, in the hope that. in only $37,169,000 instead of $232,462,000. For subsequent years another year we may have some relief from the situation that the amounts receive{! from such sources will not be large, Members of the House not on the Committee on Appropriations will be very irregular, and can not be considered at all as a find themselves in at the present time. dependable receipt. They will finally be exhausted and the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen­ surplus thereafter will consist only of the items classed as tleman from California? recurrent and the payment from Germany-until such time There was no objection. as our former allies make payments in substantial amounts~ The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gen­ with a resulting reduction of the public debt and a diminu­ tleman from California that the House resolve itself into the tion of the annual interest charge on the debt. Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for The Treasury held at the beginning of the fiscal year 1922 the consideration of the bill H. R. 16249, the Army appropria­ $1,478,000,000 of obligations and securities from various Rctiv­ tion bilt ities arising chiefly out of war activities, including the United The motion was agreed to. States Housing Corporation, farm-loan bonds, United States Accordingly the House resolved Hself into the Committee of Sugar Equalization Board, United States Shipping Boarle7 ·were they made in a respon::;ible mis:iion increase the freight rates, so as to exclude tllcse rivals and prope1: manner 'l "'ere th'ese American citizPns mere for­ of tile Pittsburgh field from that trade. tlllle hunters. intruding them~elres, unsought and unwelcome, Strange a~ it may seem, thiR action i:; tuken by the rival in other countries'! Are they simply roaming- the w-orld to shipvers and not by the railroad:-;, which admit that" the freight exploit the !!COpies unequal to them in bnsine:-:s acumen'? Are rates existing are fair. After u long and tedious investigation the intcre ~ ts in que~tion groat financial interc~ts organized to the Interstate Commerce Commission, in spite of all tho in­ (leplete the natural resources of some weake.r nation? fluence, tinancial and political, JJy n large majority, decided The::;e que~ti.ons may be irrevelant to Presidents, Secretaries against these intero::;t~. which we will rlenominate the Pitts­ of State, undersecretaries, diplomats, generals, and admirals, burgll· field. It HO hfliJl">ens tliat the term of Commissioner Cox, hut they are fast becoming immensely relevant in the opinion who llelu with thP majority, and whose faitllful and efficient of the .American taxpayer. SC'rvice wonJU se~m to c·all for his reappointment, is expiring, While in China last summer the only American interests I and instead of _reappointing Commissioner Cox or selecting- some saw we..re the American Tobacco Co. and the -Standard Oil Co., great man, unbiased and unprejudiced,• for thiR great tribunal. anrl similar great interests 'with their towering buildings, act­ tile Pre~iN' will probal.lly dispense patronage. Rc­ great office. I refer to the repeated attempts of t.be President pulJlican Seuators from such States are ulways submissive, to apparently intlueuce the findings of certain b>Teat agencies tractable, nud loyul to the President, who only recognize::; them of Congress. to distril.lute patronage, which the organization at borne could In the great number of duties devolred upon it Congress as well do. has found it necessary to establish certain great commissions, I think Kentucky has learned her les~on. She has two such as the Tariff Commis~ion, the ~'ederal Trade Commission, HepulJlican Senators, who witll justice on their side, armed and the Inten~tate Commerce Commission. These commissions with a ded.f:lion of the Jnter::;tate Commerce ConuniBSiOll, puss upon questions of the greatest importance to the people appealed in deRpcration to the President for tile intereRts of of the United States. They have frequently in the course of their State, lJut their efforts were as effecti-re a:;; the -roiee of tlecisions millions of dollars in controversy. In fact, seldom a coyote haying to the moon. are the deeision~-t, even of the Supreme Court, of as vital Mr. GAUNEB. of Texas. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman importance to tho welfare of the country at large as a1·e the yield there? deciHions of these great tribunals. Their decisions should be l\Ir. GILBERT. Ye$. us unbiased and as free, as impartial and pure, as the deci~::tious 1\Ir. GAHNER of Texns. Does the gentlemnn mean to con­ of the Supreme Court itself. wy the idea that tlle two Seuators from KE>ntucky willprol.laJJiy So jealous were the framers of the Constitution of the Yote to confirm 1\fr. Woods against the inter~ts of Kentucky? freedom of the judiciary from the domination of the Executive Mr. GILBERT. Never in this world. They will -rote all that they placed them beyond the removal by the President, right, and they may have some influence with their fellow with tenure for life. What would be more subversi\""e to the MemlJers in the Senate, but I waH trying to portray whnt fundamental IJrinciples of this Go-rernment than for the Presi­ little influence they had with the man who they said wanted lleut to exact the resignation of a judge as a prerequisite to them. I hope and l.lelieve that with the justice of their cam;;e his appointment? In principle there can l.le no difference be­ they may be alJle to defeat that appointment. tween the exacting of a prerequisite of a judge than from a Just yestei·day we had an oceasion illustrating the ~ame member of one of these great tribunaLs. thing. I happen to be on the District Committee here. I 1927 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE 1685 voted for a bill for a public-utilities commission, because it tution. Tllere is naturally, because of change in habitation, was impossible to get for the people of this District any relief some districts where the population is greatly in excess of the from the traction companies that gripped them by the throat. quota provided in tbe Constitution, and other distriets where Jl'or years there has been one outstanding man who was fight­ tlle population is below that quota. This means that there is ing for the interests of the people of the District, largely inequality of representation, and because of this many other vdthout pay, a man recognized as the friend of the District, provisions of the Constitution are violated. and whom every organization in the District indorsed for the Taxation is involved, also a Yote for President of these United place. But let us sec what chance the people have when the States is involved, because of these inequalities. Whether the President recognizes nothing but the moneyed interests. The proYisi.on of the Constitution on this question is rigllt or people's counsel will not be the man that every organization in whether it should be changed is not now tbe subject. The ques­ the District is clamoring for, the man who they say is entitled tion is, Will this Congress obey the Constitution or will we to it by reason of his service, but it will be another man. So nullify? far as the general impression is concerned, his selection was Members of this Congress, on some other occasion, and under cut and dried. He is the friend of the very interests he is different circumstances, we might consider the very right of intended to oppose. this provision of the Constitution, but not now. If the contract 1\Ir. BLANTON. Ancnsions. Committee on Invalid Pensions. 4975. Also, petition of voters of the ninth congressional dis­ 4997. Also, petition of voters of Portland, State of Indiana, trict of 1\Iichigan, requesting Civil War pension legislation; to requesting Civil War pension legislation; to the Committee on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Invalid Pensions. 4976. By Mr. MILLIGAN: Petition urging the consideration 4998. By Mr. VINCENT of 1\Iichigan: Petition of residents of and passage of House bill 10211, by citizens of Harrison County, Ionia and Gratiot Counties, Mich., requesting passage of a bill State of Missouri; to the Committee on the District of Co­ granting increase of pensions to Civil Wa,r veterans a,nd their lumbia. widows ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 4977. By Mr. MORROW: Petition of citizens of La Joya, 499!.1. By Mr. WOODYARD: Petition of citizens of Parkers­ N. 1\iex., indorsing bill for relief of Civil ·war veterans and burg, W. Va., relative to pension legislation; to the Committee their widows ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Invalid Pensjolij:J. · •